KR19980702562A - 프라스틱 슬라이드층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링용의 복합재료 그리고 또 이를 위하여 적합한 페이스트의 제조방법 - Google Patents

프라스틱 슬라이드층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링용의 복합재료 그리고 또 이를 위하여 적합한 페이스트의 제조방법 Download PDF

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KR19980702562A
KR19980702562A KR1019970705968A KR19970705968A KR19980702562A KR 19980702562 A KR19980702562 A KR 19980702562A KR 1019970705968 A KR1019970705968 A KR 1019970705968A KR 19970705968 A KR19970705968 A KR 19970705968A KR 19980702562 A KR19980702562 A KR 19980702562A
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plastic
amount
wetting agent
paste
fluoroseromer
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KR1019970705968A
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KR100444894B1 (ko
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아담 아힘
만 홀스트
푸체스베르게르 스테판
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로베르트 게오르그 아렉산드르, 에르헤르트 그라빈스키
글리콜-메탈-벨케 글리코 베.파오. 운트 코. 카게
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Abstract

이 발명에 따르는 방법에 따라서 플라스틱슬라이드층의 제조를 위하여는 무엇보다도 페이트가 플라스틱분산물과 충진재로부터 만들어진다. 이페이스트는 유기용제가 없으며 그리고 소결된, 다공질의 금속층에 도포된다. 그래서 생산된 다층재료는 그다음에 소결된다. 유기용제의 사용이 없어졌으므로 건강의 위험부담과 화재의 위험부담이 경감된다. 더구나 이 발명에 따라서 제조된 복합재료는 뛰어난 공동화 내성을 보인다. 베어링과 같이 종래의 윤활제가 없는 적용에 추가하여 이들 복합재료들은 특히 기어펌프 및 충격흡수기에서 결과적으로 사용되어질수있다.

Description

프라스틱 슬라이딩층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링용의 복합재료 그리고 또 이를 위하여 적합한 페이스트의 제조방법
[발명의 상세한 설명]
이 발명은 청구범위 제 1항의 전반부에 따라서 프라스틱 슬라이딩층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링용의 복합재료 그리고 또 상기 제조에 필요하여진 페이스트(Paste)의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 이 발명은 역시 상기 복합재료의 이용에 관한 것이다.
자기윤활 베어링재료들은 이미 알려져 있다. 이들의 가장 일반적인 형태에서 이들은 강으로된 지지부(steel backing)에 설치된 다공성의 소결된 주석이나 또는 납-청등 합금들(lead-bronze alloys)로 되어 있다. 여러 가지 충진재들를 가지는 플루오로 폴리머들의 혼합불들은 이들의 소결된 지지부 상에서 10 내지 30㎛의 층을 형성하는 그러한 방법으로 다공성의 소결된 층으로 가공된다.
자기-윤활하는 베어링을 제조하기위한 방법은 DE-PS-1 132 710에 기술되어 있다. 이 방법에서 PTFE분산물(폴리테트라플루오로에칠렌 분산물)과 충진재로부터 제조된 페이스트(paste)는 압력하에서 다공질의 청동층 내에있는 공동들속으로 압력하에서 삽입되며 그리고 금속은 다음에 소결된다. 독일 특허공보 DE-PS-1 132 710호는 역시 PTFE 충진재 페이스트의 제조를 기술하며 이 충진재는 5 및 60%사이의 농도에 있는 PTFE 분산물과 혼합되어 있으며, 그래서 이어서 분산물을 안정화하는 이온습윤제와 불용성화합물을 형성하는 염의 도움으로 PTFE의 응결이, 첨가된 충진재의 균일한 개재와 함께 일어난다. 이 방법에는 예를들면 토루엔과 같은 휘발성의 유기용제 그리고 추가적으로 주어진 경우에는 에틸페닐폴리글리콜 에테르 또는 지방질 알킬 술포나이트와 같은 계면 활성물질이 사용되어질수 있음이 언급되어져야 할 것이다. 상기한 계면활성물질은 더 좋은 습윤과 그래서 충진재의 더 균일한 상호혼합의 목적을 위하여 사용된다. 완성된 부분에서 10내지 30㎛의 필요한 작은 피복층의 획득을 가능하게하는 페이스트의 원하여진 점도를 얻기위하여 유기용제가 사용된다.
무겁게 부하된 슬라이드 베어링에 있어서 가끔 공동들이 공동화작용에 의하여 발생하며 이공등들은 다시 잠시후에 파열하며 이것에 의하여 에너지를 방출한다. 이 방출된 에너지는 재료의 국부적인 파괴를 가져오며 이것에 의하여 상기구성부품들의 사용수명들은 현저하게 감소된다.
본 발명의 기초로 하고 있는 문제는 하나의 방법을 가지고는 더 긴 사용 수명과 그리고 개량된 공동화 내성을 보이는 특히 20㎛이하의 결함이 없는 플라스틱 슬라이드층이 제조되어질 수 있는, 플라스틱슬라이드층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링을 위한 복합재료를 제조하기위한 그러한 방법을 제공하는 것이다.
상기의 문제는 유기용제가 없는 페이스트가 사용되는것에 의하여 프라스틱 슬라이드층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링을 위한 복합재료를 제조하는 방법에 의하여 해결된다.
상기의 페이스트를 제조하기 위하여, 첨가된 이온의 습윤제와 역시 수분을 가지는 60중량%까지의 플루오로서머 플라스티으로된 분산물이 바람직하게는 플루오로서머플라스틱의 체적에 기초하여져서 5내지 50체적%의 충진재와, 플루오로서머 플라스틱의 양에 기초하여져서 0.1 내지 1.5중량%의 비이온습윤제와 그리고 과잉의 수분과 혼합되며 그리고 다음에 침전제로써 침전되며 과잉수분은 제거되고, 상기 페인트는 지지재료(backing material)를 피복하고 있는 소결된, 다공성 금속층에 도포되어지며 그로인해리 생산된 다층재료는 그다음에 소결된다. 상기 분산물중에서 비이온성 습윤제의 비율은 바람직하게는 후루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여 1내지 5중량%의 범위에 있다.
사용된 플루오로서머플라스틱 분산물에 정확하게 일치된 비이온성 습윤제의 양을 사용하는것에 의하여는 침전공정후의 페이스트에의한 수분의 방출은 지연된다. 비이온성 습윤제의 전체농도가 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양을 기초로하여 0.1과 1.5중량% 사이에, 바람직하게는 0.1과 1.0중량%사이에 높여있는 좁은 범위안에 유지되어진다면, 이 페이스트는 플루오로서머플라스틱의 응결후에 또는 교반의 동안에 다공질의 금속지지부(backing)에 홈이 없이 그리고 어떤원하여진 두께로 도포되어질수 있는 그러한 상태에 도달할 것이다. 알킬 폴리그리콜에테르가 비이온성습윤제로서 바람직하게 사용된다. 그러나 알킬 아릴 폴리글리콜 에테르, 알킬아미노 폴리글리콜 에테르, 아실 폴리글리콜 에테르, 알킬아민 산화물 또는 폴리알콜의 지방산 에스테르의 사용이 역시 가능하다.
이온성 표면활성물질들은 불용성의 화합물들의 형성에의하여 침전과정 동안에 불활성화 되어지며 그래서 더 이상 페이스트의 점조도에 영향을 줄수 없기 때문에 상기의 목적을 위한 이들물질의 사용은 부적합하다.
플루오로서머플라스틱은 예를들면 PTFE(폴리테트라플루오로에칠렌), PFA(폴리(테트라플루오로-코-퍼플루오로비닐메틸에테르)), FEP(폴리(테트라 플루오로에틸렌-코-헥사플루오로프로필렌)), ETFE(폴리(에칠렌-알트-테트라 플루오로에칠렌)) 또는 이들의 혼합물일수가 있다. 이 발명에 따라서는 PTFE의 사용이 선호된다. 분산물중에 포함된 이온성 습윤제는 예를들면 소듐 라일설페이트이다. 충진재의 예들은 몰리브테늄 디썰파이드, 납, 납산화물, 흑연, 코오크, 카본, 블랙, 청동, 플라스틱, 화이버재료 및 이들재료들의 혼합물들이다. 지지재료(backing material)는 강, 청동 또는 알미늄을 포함할수있으며 이것에게는 바람직하게는 청동으로 되어있는 다공성의 금속층이 가하여진다.
이 방법은 특별한 이점은 유기용제의 사용이 필요없어지며 이것에 의하여 제조시 발생되는 이들에 대한 건강의 위험부담과 화재의 위험부담이 현저하게 감소되는 것이다. 이것은 역시 제조공장 및 작업장소에서 안전예방에 현저하게 낮은 비용을 초래한다.
다음에는 예들의 도움으로 여러 가지 PTFE/충진재 혼합물로서 코팅된 복합재료들의 시험되어졌으며 여기서는 여러 가지 충진재들과 습윤재들이 사용되었다.
예 1.
페이스트가 수분 16ℓ, 알킬 폴리글리콜 에텔 50g 그리고 몰리데늄 썰파이트 5kg을 40% PTFE의 2.16kg과 균일하게 혼합한것과 20%의 알미늄나이트레이트의 400g을 가지고 침전을 행하는것에 의하여 제조되었다. 5분의 정치시간후에 과잉수분이 제거되었으며 그리고 제조된 페이스트는 15㎛의 두께의 층으로된 금속스트립(strip)에 도포되었다; 마지막으로 다층재료는 소결되고 종래의 방법으로 조정되었다. 이 발명에 따르는 복합재료(1)가 얻어졌다.
이 발명의 효과를 분명하게 하기위하여 복합재료에 기초하여진 3개의 또다른 페이스트가 생산되었다.
예 2.
복합재료(2)가 예(1)에서와 같이 제조된다. 제조를 위하여 필요하여진 페이스트는 PTFE의 체적에 기초하여 MoS220체적%, 그리고 또 톨루엔 및 이온성 습윤제 소튬 라우릴 설페이트를 포함한다. 비이온성 습윤제는 첨가되지않는다.
예 3.
이 발명에 따르는 복합재료(3)가 예 1에서와 같이 제조되었으며, 여기서 페이스트는 PTFE와 그리고 PTFE의 체적에 기초하여 20체적%의 Pb를 그리고 비이온성 습윤제인 알킬 폴리글리콜 에텔을 포함한다. 유기용제는 사용되지 안했다.
예 4.
선행기술에 상응하는 복합재료(4)가 예3 에서와 같이 제조되었으며, 여기서 비이온성의 습윤제가 사용되었으나 그러나 톨루엔 및 소듐 라우릴 설페이트가 페이스트에 첨가되었다.
그다음에 비교시험에서 이 복합재료는 공동화 내성에 대하여 시험되었다. 이시험은 200N의 축방향의 부하와 40mm의 진폭과 1Hz의 경사축방향의 운동 하에 있는 충격흡수기들에서 22mm의 내경을 가지는 10mm폭의 붓싱에서 행하여졌다. 제 1도는 이들 조사들의 결과를 제시한다.
이것은 이 발명에 따르는 복합재료의 공동화 내성이 종래의 재료들에 비하여 실질적으로 개량되었음이 보여줄 수 있다.
이결과들은 페이스트로부터의 수분의 더완전한 배제와 그래서 롤링-인공정(rolling-in process)의 동안에 플라스틱 조성의 더 효과적인 압축의 결과이다. 잔류수분이 증발하는 동안에 이 플라스틱층에서는 유기용제들의 추가적인 함량들을 가지는 경우가 그러한 것 보다 더 적은 다공성이 생성되며 그래서 더 완전한 소결공정이 PTFE입자 접촉 표면의 더높은 비율에 의하여 가능하게 만들어진다. 이것에 따라서는, 껍질이 벗겨진 표면시료들은 현저하게 더 강인하다. 충격흡수기 또는 유압펌프에서 일어난것과 같은 공동화 응력하에서 상기층내측에 그렇게 해서 보강된 결합은 표면파편들을 걸러내는 것을 방지하며 그래서 이구성 부품들의 신뢰성을 증가시킨다.
베어링과 같은 종래의 윤활제없는 응용들에 추가하여 이들 복합재료들은 결과적으로 역시 특히 기어펌프 및 충격흡수기에 사용되어 질수 있다.

Claims (19)

  1. 플라스틱 분산물로부터 생산된 페이스트와 그리고 충진재들이 플라스틱 슬라이드층의 구성의 목적을 위하여 소결된 다공성의 금속층에 도포되는 그러한 플라스틱슬라이드층을 가지는 슬라이드 베어링을 위한 복합재료를 제조하기 위한 방법에 있어서,
    유기용제가 없는 페이스트가 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서,
    페이스트를 제조하기위하여, 가해진 이온성 습윤제와 물을 가지는 60중량% 까지의 플루오로서머플라스틱을 포함하는 분산물의 플루오로서머플라스틱의 체적에 기초하여 5내지 50체적%의 충진재와, 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여 0.1내지 1.5중량%의 비이온성습윤재와, 그리고 과잉수분을 가지고 혼합되며 그리고 다음에 침전제를 가지고 침전되며, 상기 과잉수분은 제거되고, 상기 페이스트는 그다음에 지지금속을 피복하고있는 소결된, 다공질의 금속층의 도포되며 그리고 다층재료는 다음에 소결되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  3. 제 2항에 있어서,
    플루오로서머플라스틱의 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여, 1내지 5중량%의 이온성 습윤제와 혼합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  4. 제 1항내지 제 3항중의 어느 하나의 항에 있어서,
    PTFE, PFA, FEP, ETFE 또는 이들 폴리머로 구성된 혼합물이 플루오로서머플라스틱으로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  5. 제 1항내지 제 4항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    알킬 폴리글리콜 에테르, 알킬 아릴 플리글리콜 에테르, 아실 폴리글리콜 에테르, 알킬아민 옥사이드 또는 폴리 알콜의 지방산 에스테르가 비이온성습윤제로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  6. 제 1항내지 제 5항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    비이온성 습윤제의 비율은 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여서 0.1중량%와 1.0중량%의 사이에 놓여있는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  7. 제 1항 내지 제 6항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    몰리브데늄 썰파이드, 납, 납산화물, 흑연, 코오크, 카아본 블랙, 청동, 플라스틱, 섬유질재료 또는 전술한 재료들의 혼합물의 충진재로써 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  8. 제 1항 내지 제 7항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    충진재는 플루오로서머플라스틱의 체적을 기초로하여 15내지 40체적%의 양으로 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  9. 제 1항 내지 제 8항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    강, 청동 또는 알미늄이 지지금속(backing metals)으로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  10. 청동이 다공질금속으로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  11. 충격흡수기 및 기어펌프에 제 1항 내지 제 10항중의 어느하나의 항에서 주장하여진 방법에 의하여 제조된 복합재료의 이용.
  12. 스라이드 베어링을 위한 플라스틱 슬라이드층의 제조를위한 페이스트에 있어서,
    이 페이스트는 어떤 유기용제도 포함하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  13. 제 12항에 있어서,
    이 페이스트는 가하여진 이온성 습윤제를 가지는 플루오로서머플라스틱, 플루오로서머플라스틱의 체적을 기초로 하여 5내지 50체적%의 비율의 충진재, 그리고 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여 0.1내지 1.5중량%의 비율로 된 비이온성 습윤제를 포함하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  14. 제 13항에 있어서,
    후루오로서머플라스틱들은 이 후루오로서머플라스틱들의 양에 기초하여 1내지 5중량%의 이온성 습윤제와 혼합되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  15. 제 12항 내지 제 14항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    비이온성 습윤제는 알킬 폴리글리콜 에테르, 알킬 아릴 폴리글리콜 에테르, 아실 폴리글리콜 에텔, 알킬아민 옥사이드 혹은 폴리알콜의 지방산 에스텔인 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  16. 제 12항 또는 제 15항에 있어서,
    비이온성 습윤제의 전체함량은 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양에 기초하여서 0.1중량%와 1.0중량%의 사이에 놓여있는 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  17. 제 12항 내지 제 16항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    플루오로서머플라스틱 PTFE, PFA, FEP, ETFE또는 이들 폴리머들로 구성된 혼합물들인 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  18. 제 12항 내지 제 17항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    충진재들은 몰리브데늄 디썰파이드, 납, 납산화물, 흑연, 코오크, 카이본 블랙, 청동, 플라스틱 또는 전술한 재료들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
  19. 제 12항 내지 제 18항중의 어느하나의 항에 있어서,
    충진재는 플루오로서머플라스틱의 양을 기초로하여 15내지 40체적%의 양으로 나타내어진 것을 특징으로 하는 페이스트.
KR1019970705968A 1995-03-01 1996-02-23 플라스틱 슬라이딩층을 갖는 미끄럼 베어링용 복합재료의 제조방법 및 이에 적합한 페이스트 KR100444894B1 (ko)

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DE19507045.3 1995-03-01
DE19507045A DE19507045C2 (de) 1995-03-01 1995-03-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterials für Gleitlager mit einer Kunststoffgleitschicht sowie eine hierfür geeignete Paste

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US5948479A (en) 1999-09-07
EP0813452A1 (de) 1997-12-29
KR100444894B1 (ko) 2004-11-08
EP0813452B1 (de) 1998-12-09
DE19507045A1 (de) 1996-09-12
ES2126388T3 (es) 1999-03-16
JPH11514386A (ja) 1999-12-07
DE59600967D1 (de) 1999-01-21
WO1996026793A1 (de) 1996-09-06
JP4065558B2 (ja) 2008-03-26

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