KR102666381B1 - Soil mixture for slope stablity - Google Patents

Abstract

The soil mixture for slope stabilization consists of vegetative soil containing earthen manure, compost, vermiculite, coco peat and sludge, reinforcement containing cement, calcined gypsum and admixtures, and bentonite, sodium silicate, silica powder, methyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid plasticizer, and aluminum sulfate. and an additive containing ammonium phosphate.

Description

SOIL MIXTURE FOR SLOPE STABLITY}

The present invention relates to soil mixtures used to stabilize slopes.

Artificially damaged slopes are occurring due to development works such as roads, residential land development, and industrial complex construction, and as abnormal weather phenomena such as heavy rains, floods, and typhoons have increased due to recent environmental changes, collapse accidents on damaged slopes are becoming frequent. Various slope stabilization techniques are being developed to restore damaged slopes, but as herbaceous plants decline within a few years after revegetation construction, the slopes become desolate again, and slope erosion, scour, and sliding phenomena occur. Therefore, in order to increase the stability of slopes, the need to develop a soil mixture that improves the physical performance of the soil itself for slope greening and facilitates vegetation has emerged.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil mixture for slope stabilization that can provide a foundation for vegetation growth while increasing the stability of artificial slopes.

The soil mixture for slope stabilization according to the spirit of the present invention may include vegetative soil including earthen manure, compost, vermiculite, coco peat, and sludge. The soil mixture for slope stabilization may include reinforcing materials including cement, plaster, and admixtures. The soil mixture for slope stabilization may include additives including bentonite, sodium silicate, silica powder, methyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid plasticizer, aluminum sulfate, and ammonium phosphate.

The soil mixture for slope stabilization may further include a bio agent containing calcium carbonate and microorganisms.

The soil may include humus soil and weathered soil. The compost may include bark compost and organic compost. The sludge may include papermaking sludge and sewage sludge.

The cement may include at least one of micro cement and CSA cement. The admixture of the reinforcing material may include at least one of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume.

The microorganism of the bio-product may include at least one of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus pasteurii.

The vegetative soil may further include oyster shell fertilizer.

The soil mixture for slope stabilization according to an embodiment of the present invention includes vegetated soil that provides a basis for vegetation growth, reinforcing materials that can stabilize the slope, and additives to improve the performance of the vegetated soil and reinforcing materials, thereby stabilizing artificial slopes and We can provide all the foundations for growth.

The embodiment described in this specification is only a preferred example of the disclosed invention, and there may be various modifications that can replace the embodiments in this specification at the time of filing the present application.

Terms used herein are used to describe embodiments and are not intended to limit and/or limit the disclosed invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but are not intended to indicate the presence of one or more other features. The existence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not excluded in advance.

Terms containing ordinal numbers, such as "first", "second", etc., used in this specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms, and the terms are one It is used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be named a first component without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Below, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail.

Slopes created artificially due to development work, etc. are difficult to restore naturally because the existing vegetation conditions are damaged. Additionally, if the slope is a rock cut surface or concrete reinforcement construction is done to reinforce the rock slope, greening the slope becomes more difficult. The soil mixture for slope stabilization according to an embodiment of the present invention can provide a basis for vegetation growth while increasing the stability of artificial slopes.

The soil mixture for slope stabilization according to an embodiment of the present invention may include vegetative soil, reinforcement, and additives. Vegetative soil may include earthen manure, compost, vermiculite, coco peat, and sludge. The soil mixture for slope stabilization according to an embodiment of the present invention may include 35 to 95 parts by weight of vegetative soil, 1 to 40 parts by weight of reinforcement, and 1 to 30 parts by weight of additives.

The vegetation soil of the soil for slope stabilization according to an embodiment of the present invention may include earthen manure, compost, vermiculite, cocopeat, and sludge to supply nutrients and planting water so that seeds can grow. The vegetable soil of the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention includes 10 to 100 parts by weight of compost, 10 to 100 parts by weight of vermiculite, 10 to 100 parts by weight of sludge, and 10 to 100 parts by weight of coco peat, based on 100 parts by weight of soil. It can be included. The content of compost, vermiculite, sludge and coco peat can be increased or decreased depending on the soil environment of the slope on which the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention will be applied.

Earthen soil may include humus soil, weathered soil, etc., and compost may include fermented compost, manure, organic compost, bark compost, etc. Earthen manure and compost can provide sufficient organic matter and nutrients during the growth period of trees and plants. High-quality natural organic matter is fermented for a long period of time to produce less odor and gases than general compost, induces healthy growth of plants, and not only improves the pH, nutrient retention and buffering capacity of the soil in the planting site, but also improves soil structure, water holding capacity and drainage. It plays a role in increasing the survival and growth of plants by supplying them with abundant organic matter and essential nutrients.

Vegetated soil may contain sludge to increase water holding capacity. Sludge has excellent water absorption and moisturizing properties and has a high organic matter content, so it plays an important role in plant growth. Sludge may include sewage sludge and paper sludge.

Paper sludge has excellent warming and moisturizing effects and contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, magnesium and minerals, so it plays a role in promoting early growth such as germination of plants. It also has excellent adhesion, so it can improve the physical performance of the soil mixture. You can.

Sewage sludge contains a large amount of organic matter and organic matter in which microorganisms can grow, and can play a role in controlling water content, adjusting soil pH, and removing bad odors. In addition, sewage sludge promotes hardening of soil mixture and can perform soil cementation using carbon dioxide gas, adsorption of heavy metals and harmful substances, and strengthening strength.

The vegetative soil may contain vermiculite and coco peat. Vermiculite is porous and has good absorption capacity. Coco peat has high water retention and holding capacity, good breathability, low density, high cation substitution ability, and resistance to decomposition, so it contains abundant plant nutrients and carbon-containing substances.

The soil component of the vegetative soil of the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention may include 80 to 95 parts by weight of humus soil and 5 to 20 parts by weight of weathered soil. Compost of vegetative soil according to an embodiment of the present invention may include 80 to 95 parts by weight of bark compost and 5 to 20 parts by weight of organic compost. If the moisture content of the vegetative soil of the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention is too high, it is difficult to mix with the reinforcement material, so the content of humus and bark compost may be higher than the content of weathered soil and organic compost.

Sludge for vegetated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention may include 50 to 100 parts by weight of papermaking sludge and 20 to 50 parts by weight of sewage sludge. If the sludge according to an embodiment of the present invention has too high an organic component, it is difficult to mix with the reinforcing material, so the content of sewage sludge with a high proportion of organic matter may be lower than the content of papermaking sludge.

The planting soil according to an embodiment of the present invention may include fertilizer using oyster shells. Oyster shells are an alkaline fertilizer that has the effect of neutralizing acidified soil, is resistant to cold damage, pests and diseases, and is excellent at suppressing the development of gall root disease. In addition, it is completely suitable for use as construction materials and limestone products, and from an environmental perspective, it is effective in adsorbing and removing pollutants (SO2, H2S, CO2) from factory exhaust gases, removing heavy metals, improving wastewater quality, and improving sludge dewatering properties. The planting soil according to an embodiment of the present invention may include 5 to 40 parts by weight of oyster shell fertilizer per 100 parts by weight of soil.

The soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a reinforcing material to improve the adhesion and adhesion of the vegetated soil. Reinforcements may include cement, plaster, and admixtures.

Cement may include micro cement, CSA (calcium sulfoaluninate) cement, etc. Micro cement has a fineness of more than 7,000 cm ² /g and an average particle size of 5 μm, which has excellent permeability, high strength development and durability, and can contain inorganic injection materials that are harmless to groundwater soil. CSA cement contains calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and sulfur dioxide, and has the characteristics of rapid hardening, expansion, and early strength. Calcined gypsum may include anhydrous gypsum or semihydrated gypsum, which is obtained by removing all or part of the moisture after baking the gypsum. Plaster hardens by absorbing moisture.

Admixtures may include fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc. Admixtures can be mixed when manufacturing concrete to reduce the proportion of cement, lowering the heat of hydration and making concrete more airtight.

Fly ash and blast furnace slag increase fluidity and reduce permeability, and although their initial compressive strength decreases, it increases over time, increasing durability. Silica fume can give cement very high strength and durability. Silica fume has very high resistance to chlorine ion penetration, so it can prevent concrete corrosion caused by deicers or sea salt.

The reinforcing material of the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention may include magnesium oxide to reinforce the rigidity of cement. Magnesium oxide helps cement develop high strength and durability, and has excellent base resistance.

The reinforcing material of the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention is 50 to 200 parts by weight of calcined gypsum, 10 to 70 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, 1 to 50 parts by weight of fly ash, and 1 to 50 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, based on 100 parts by weight of cement. and 1 to 50 parts by weight of silica fume.

The soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention may include additives to improve plant growth performance of vegetated soil. Additives may include bentonite, sodium silicate, silica powder, methyl cellulose, polycarboxylate copolymer superplasticizer, aluminum sulfate, and ammonium phosphate.

Bentonite refers to clay that mainly contains montmorillonite, a monoclinic mineral with a mica-like crystal structure. Bentonite may include quartz, feldspar, zeolite, etc. Bentonite absorbs water and swells and has clear cation exchange properties, making it advantageous for storing planting water for plant growth.

Sodium silicate is a hardening accelerator for concrete and contributes to chemical stabilization of the ground when the soil is collapsible. Silica powder can improve compressive strength and flexural strength after curing, and has a low moisture absorption rate, which can reduce shrinkage due to drying. Additionally, adsorption can be improved and chemical resistance to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, organic acids, etc. can be increased.

The soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention can increase water content without shrinking after curing by mixing bentonite, which has a high water absorption rate, and silica powder, which has a low water absorption rate, in an appropriate ratio.

Methyl cellulose can form a viscous solution or gel when mixed with water, increasing viscosity or acting as an emulsifier. Polycarboxylic acid plasticizer acts as a moisturizer and, like cement hydrate, has the property of increasing viscosity and plasticity in an alkaline environment, adsorbing heavy metals in cement to prevent them from leaking to the outside, and preventing an increase in pH. Aluminum sulfate and ammonium phosphate are coagulants and have an acidic pH, so they can adjust the strong alkalinity of cement, etc. to a pH appropriate for plant growth.

The additive for the soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention is 10 to 100 parts by weight of bentonite, 1 to 100 parts by weight of silica powder, 1 to 100 parts by weight of methyl cellulose, and 1 to 1 to 100 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid plasticizer, based on 100 parts by weight of sodium silicate. It may include 100 parts by weight, 1 to 50 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, and 1 to 50 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate.

The soil mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a bio agent for solidification. Biologics may contain calcium carbonate and microorganisms. The biologic may include at least one of the genus Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Bacillus, and Sporosarcina. The biologic agent may include Sporosarcina Pasteurii or Bacillus Pasteruii.

Microorganisms in bio products use urea as food, consume nutrients through urease and produce carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) and ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ ). When carbonate ions react with water, they can exist as carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ), hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO ₃ ^- ), and carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ), respectively. Calcium carbonate precipitation caused by microorganisms is involved in the carbonate reaction. It occurs differently depending on the situation. Calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) and water (H ₂ 0) are generated through the reaction of hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO ₃ ^- ) and calcium ions (Ca ²⁺ ), or two hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO ₃ ^- ) and calcium ions are produced. The reaction of (Ca ²⁺ ) can produce calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and water (H ₂ 0).

When a bio agent is added to cement, the strength increases without air drying or heat generation, so the bio agent can be used as an admixture and the amount of cement used can be efficiently reduced. When a bio agent is added to cement, the setting time tends to accelerate and the initial strength increases. This is because calcium carbonate, the main component of the bio agent, is promoted through microhydration exothermic reaction with the calcium silicate of the cement.

The specific surface area of the bio product is 70,000 cm ² /g, which is about 10 times more fine-grained than the specific surface area of micro cement, which is 7,000 cm ² /g, and has excellent permeability because it is composed of uniform particles.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples. However, the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention in detail and do not limit the scope of the present invention by these examples.

<Example 1>

Based on 100 parts by weight of soil, about 20 parts by weight of compost, about 20 parts by weight of vermiculite, about 30 parts by weight of coco peat, and about 10 parts by weight of papermaking sludge were mixed to prepare vegetable soil. Here, based on 100 parts by weight of the earthen powder, reinforcing material including about 5 parts by weight of micro cement, about 3 parts by weight of calcined gypsum, and about 2 parts by weight of silica fume as an admixture was added. Thereafter, based on 100 parts by weight of the soil powder, about 3 parts by weight of bentonite, about 3 parts by weight of sodium silicate, about 2 parts by weight of silica powder, about 2 parts by weight of methyl cellulose, about 2 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid plasticizer, and about 1 part by weight. An additive containing aluminum sulfate and about 1 part by weight of ammonium phosphate was additionally added. In addition, based on 100 parts by weight of the earthen soil, a bio-product containing about 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate and about 1 part by weight of a medium in which Sporosarcina pasteurii was cultured as a microorganism was added.

The vegetative soil, the reinforcement material, the additive, and the bio agent were mixed to prepare a soil mixture.

<Example 2>

Substantially the same as Example 1, Bacillus pasteuri bacterium was used as the microorganism.

<Example 3>

Substantially the same as Example 1, blast furnace slag was used as the admixture.

<Comparative example>

Substantially the same as Example 1, the reinforcement material, the additive, and the bio agent were not used.

<Test Example 1>

The soil mixtures prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example were each sprayed on a slope of about 10 m^2 in size.

Here, the installation thickness was selected and constructed considering the geology, rock quality, soil condition, and natural environment according to the construction area.

Next, native herbaceous plants such as sheep grass, cornflower, and cosmos and woody plants such as silkworm and cypress were planted in the same manner, and the germination and growth of the plants were confirmed for about one month, as shown in Table 1.

In addition, the compressive strength and adhesion strength of the construction surface constructed according to the above example were measured and shown in Table 1.

Here, the compressive strength was conducted according to the test method according to KS F 2314 (2001), and the adhesion strength was conducted according to the test method according to KS F 4716 (2006).

division First germination date (time) Survival rate (%)/31 days Compressive strength (N/mm^2) Adhesion strength (N/mm^2) Example 1 39 96 0.29 0.18 Example 2 40 95 0.28 0.16 Example 3 35 94 0.25 0.17 Comparative example 41 62 0.16 0.09

As shown in Table 1, the soil mixtures according to Examples 1 to 3 had a good survival rate, a compressive strength of at least 0.25 N/㎟, and an adhesion strength of at least 0.13 N/㎟, so that the external It can be seen that it has a strength that can withstand shock or rain, and has much better adhesion than general soil and existing dry, wet, and semi-wet materials. On the other hand, in the case of the comparative example, it was found that the survival rate was low and the compressive strength and adhesion strength were low.

In the above, the configuration and features of the present invention have been described based on the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes or modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art, and therefore, it is stated that such changes or modifications fall within the scope of the appended patent claims.

Claims (6)

Vegetative soil including earthen manure, compost, vermiculite, coco peat and sludge;
Reinforcements including cement, plaster and admixtures;
Additives including bentonite, sodium silicate, silica powder, methyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid plasticizer, aluminum sulfate and ammonium phosphate; and
Contains biologics containing calcium carbonate and microorganisms,
The bio-formulation is a soil mixture for slope stabilization for consolidation action. delete According to paragraph 1,
The earthen soil includes humus soil and weathered soil,
The compost includes bark compost and organic compost,
The sludge is a soil mixture for slope stabilization containing papermaking sludge and sewage sludge. According to clause 1,
The cement includes at least one of micro cement and CSA (calcium sulfoaluninate) cement,
The admixture is a soil mixture for slope stabilization containing at least one of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume. According to paragraph 1,
The microorganism is a soil mixture for slope stabilization comprising at least one of Sporosarcina pasteuri and Bacillus pasteuri. According to paragraph 1,
The vegetative soil is a soil mixture for slope stabilization further comprising oyster shell fertilizer.