KR102572011B1 - Method, casting mold and apparatus for manufacturing vehicle wheels - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel (2) from a light metal material which is injected in liquid form into a mold cavity (14) of a casting mold (3). The vehicle wheel 2 is manufactured through pressure casting, and the casting mold 3 is temperature controlled at different temperatures in different regions.

Description

Method, casting mold and apparatus for manufacturing vehicle wheels

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel from a light-metal material that is injected in liquid form into a mold cavity of a casting mold. The present invention also relates to a casting mold for manufacturing a vehicle wheel from a light metal material and an apparatus for manufacturing a vehicle wheel having a mold part forming a mold cavity for receiving the light metal material in liquid form.

The basis for driving safety and comfort in light metal wheels of passenger cars is the unsprung mass, of which the weight of the wheels is as low as possible, which is a decisive factor. Because of their mass inertia and rotational torque, they aim to use lightweight wheels. For this reason, on the one hand, attempts have been made to introduce lightweight wheel designs. On the other hand, efforts are being made to reduce weight by selecting materials. Currently state of the art are cast or forged (cast or forged) wheels made of aluminum or magnesium alloys, most of which are low-pressure chill casting or permanent mold casting. It is manufactured using a mold casting process.

In addition to these driving dynamics requirements, aerodynamic or crash-related wheel design plays an increasingly important role. Since the aerodynamic characteristics of the wheel are directly related to fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, further legislative action is needed. Because of the requirements for homologation within the whole approval process for passenger cars, in particular the Whole Vehicle Type Approval (WVTA) with the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), these requirements is more stringent, so that in the Approval Process (WVTA), the basic equipment of a complete vehicle is no longer the vehicle, but all equipment variants. This change in type testing by WLTP requires a rethinking of the design of vehicle components in terms of aerodynamics and lightweight construction. In addition, these lightweight construction and aerodynamic requirements are supported by the increasing use of electric vehicles following the motto "light construction improves fuel economy". Depending on the vehicle type, the wheel dimensions vary, resulting in worse aerodynamics and higher block function in frontal and offset impacts, deteriorating the classification result of the overall fuel economy of passenger cars.

Demands for lightweight construction, aerodynamics and crashes have increased, but standard casting processes, such as low-pressure cold casting, cannot optimally meet these requirements from a process engineering point of view, requiring changes in how vehicle wheels are manufactured. .

In a cold-chamber casting process using a conventional cold-chamber casting system for manufacturing cast parts, this system consists of three machine plates (i.e. machine shield, movable clamping plate, and a fixed clamping plate), four posts with a movable clamping plate that can move back and forth, and a drive unit (usually a hydraulic toggle lever or double toggle lever to drive the movable clamping plate). A clamping force is created by creating a lock through the clamping unit. The casting mold is sampled with a movable mold half on the movable clamping plate and a fixed mold half on the fixed clamping plate. The necessary locking force is applied via a clamping unit which clamps the post between the machine shield and the fixed clamping plate.

In the existing cold-chamber casting system, through the casting chamber through the stationary mold halves of the casting mold and the stationary clamping plate, into the casting mold perpendicular to the parting plane, that is, perpendicular to the parting planes of the two mold halves. The fixed clamping plate is axially led by a casting unit supplying melt to the formed mold cavity. To this end, the casting unit is usually equipped with a hydraulically actuated casting plunger that is movable within the casting chamber.

An ejector unit is integrated into the clamping unit behind the movable clamping plate and is usually hydraulically actuated to move the ejector pin back and forth within the casting mould. After opening the casting mold, the ejector pin passes through the movable clamping plate to release the casting part from the movable mold half. In addition, a core pulling device is usually provided on the side of the machine consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, eg usually attached to the movable clamping plate and also to the fixed clamping plate.

As is well known, the casting process in a cold-chamber casting plant consists of four successive stages: dosing stage, pre-filling stage, mold-filling stage. ) step and post-pressing step.

Dosing or metering can be carried out mechanically, for example with a spoon, or with compressed gas from a holding furnace through a channel or riser pipe, as in the so-called vacuum process. . The dosing time is generally between 3 and 15 seconds depending on the type and amount of dosing. If the dosing time is relatively long, there is a risk that part of the melt has already solidified in the casting chamber. Depending on the machine design, the speed of the plunger in the pre-filling step is usually adjusted in the range between 0.2 m/s and 0.6 m/s, on the one hand, so that the melt is transported as quickly as possible, and on the other hand As such, air inclusion is avoided as much as possible, for example through overturning of the melt wave produced in front of the plunger, formation of a mist and/or reflection in a casting residue area.

In the pre-filling step, the casting chamber is filled with melt and the plunger carries the melt to the vicinity of the inlet.

In order to avoid a cold flow point, the mold filling step is as short as possible. Its duration is usually between 5 ms and 60 ms. In the mold-filling step, the plunger moves the melt at a high speed, generally adjustable to a value of 10 m/s or more. At the end of the mold-filling step, a high pressure is generated by converting kinetic energy into pressure, and there is a risk of tearing the mold. Casting machines currently in use therefore have means for absorbing the kinetic energy at the end of the peeling step.

In the post-pressing or holding-pressure stage of a cold chamber casting machine, a holding pressure of 300 bar to 1500 bar (even more in some cases) is usually set via a multiplier. The melt solidifies under a holding pressure and the air trapped during mold filling is compressed under a fixed holding pressure. The proportion of air trapped under the holding pressure in the volumetric porosity is low. The volumetric porosity is usually composed of blowholes, because when the melt transitions from a liquid to a solid, there is insufficient replenishment of a part related to shrinkage.

In a conventional cold-chamber casting system, the inlet generally has a thin wall compared to the wall thickness of the casting part, that is, in some areas of the casting part the melt is still in a liquid state, and partially or completely in the inlet area. It solidifies, making subsequent injection impossible or at least difficult. Knowing that if a solidified rim shell is formed inside the casting chamber after dosing or metering, part of the melt cannot fill the casting mold and cannot be injected into the shrinkage-related part of the mold cavity. can The holding pressure must be high to push the residual melt out of the casting residual area for replenishment.

At the end of the mold-filling step and the holding-pressure step, the holding pressure of the casting mold must be high, and the pressure must be applied through the clamping unit of the casting machine.

Higher casting forces can lead to elastic deformation of the casting mold and expansion around the mold cavity, which can cause burrs around the casting part of the parting surface as well as the slide and slide guide areas. may cause burr formation.

The high pressure requires a relatively large thickness of the fixed clamping plate and a correspondingly long casting chamber, which limits the injection level of the casting chamber from typically 15% to a maximum of about 70%, correspondingly within the casting chamber. It has a large air volume. The existing orientation of the casting unit relative to the clamping unit results in a relatively long flow path of the melt within the casting chamber and casting system, primarily cranking in the casting system or anvil. ) cause Applying high pressure can also lead to solidified casting residue and elastic deformation of the casting chamber in the area of the casting residue, so that the casting chamber becomes clogged with the casting residue, separating the casting residue out of the casting chamber. It is necessary to increase the opening forces to do so. This can cause significant wear to the casting chamber and the plunger, and can wear out earlier than expected. Also, the casting chamber becomes clogged with the casting residue, resulting in excessive use of piston lubricant, leading to entrainment in the casting part.

When using a casting chamber arranged horizontally, the lower region is heated more than the upper region during filling with hot melt, and as the casting chamber is deformed due to thermal load, friction between the casting chamber and the casting piston causes The process of the casting chamber must be followed in the pre-filling step and the mold-filling step. The existing orientation of the casting chamber relative to the mold or barrel causes a vertical deflection of the melt at the transition point from the casting chamber to the mold or barrel in the parting plane, which is problematic thermally as well as flow dynamics. do. The deformation of the melt causes turbulent flow during mold filling, requires more energy during casting drive, and leads to a significant risk of air entrainment and corrosion in the region of the casting set and the casting mold.

Disadvantages of the existing cold chamber casting systems described above are poor casting results and require very reliable and costly machine designs. Also, due to the overall design of existing casting machines, the clamping of the casting mold is a time-consuming and costly process.

The present invention therefore provides a method and casting for manufacturing a vehicle wheel from a light-metal material capable of meeting the ever-increasing requirements in terms of lightweight structure, aerodynamics and crash behavior of said vehicle wheel. The purpose is to create a mold (casting mold).

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

In addition to low machine and tool requirements, the method according to the invention provides the best prerequisites for meeting the increased requirements mentioned above using methods and systems known in the state of the art. Low-pressure chill casting, previously used for vehicle wheels, with limited possibilities, or traditional cold-chamber casting, another process for manufacturing cast parts, currently has process-related drawbacks. ) process, it is possible to perform system-related mold design such as various lightweight structure optimization, aerodynamic optimization and collision optimization, and lightweight structure and process optimization.

By replacing low-pressure cooling casting with limited possibilities in terms of the casting cross-section and the quality of the casting result depending on the high-temperature tool over 500 °C, press casting allows various optimizations regarding lightweight structure, aerodynamics and crash behavior, as well as lightweight structure and process optimization. It enables system-related form design such as

The temperature control of the casting mold according to the present invention leads to a very rapid and complete filling of the mold casting, whereby separation of the light metal material in the liquid state is prevented. The solution according to the present invention enables a desired temperature level within the mold cavity, thereby imparting non-uniform heat to the casting mold, preventing deformations associated with the casting chamber, so that some areas of molten light metal material Make sure it doesn't harden quickly. This increases the life of the piston and the casting mold, and also reduces the piston force.

By using pressure casting and tempering the casting mold in different zones, very low forces are generated during the casting process, resulting in less or no turbulence in casting the vehicle wheel. The advantage of the cold-chamber casting process is that it is used for the manufacture of light metal wheels, but the problems with this process are avoided.

Furthermore, the method according to the invention allows for very small, in some cases even smaller, wall thicknesses of up to 1 mm in certain areas of the wheel of the vehicle. Reduction in wall thickness makes it possible to design vehicle wheels with far better characteristics than vehicle wheels known for crash behavior. In particular, the vehicle wheel produced by the method of the invention can be optimized for a desired crash behavior.

Due to this thin wall thickness, the visible side of the vehicle wheel can be designed to close almost completely without significantly increasing the weight of the vehicle wheel. This can significantly improve the aerodynamics of the vehicle wheel. Of course, inlets for ventilation, for example of vehicle brakes, can also be incorporated into these visible surfaces. A structure that increases the strength of the vehicle wheel may be placed within this disc-shaped design of the visible face. This means that compared to known solutions, significant improvements can be made in terms of aerodynamics of the vehicle wheel produced using the method according to the invention.

A further advantage of this method is its low draft angle, down to 1 degree or less, which allows the design of new types of vehicle wheels. In addition, very fine surfaces with small radii of 1 mm or less can be produced.

Since a vehicle wheel can be completed with one casting, machining required after casting can be reduced by more than 80%. As post-processing requirements are reduced, less waste is produced, helping to protect the environment. The method according to the present invention significantly reduces casting time, enables virtually burr-free casting, and requires less raw materials and less energy. In addition, rapid casting and solidification with casting skin means that the necessary artificial aging can be completely or partially eliminated. The vehicle wheel manufactured by the method of the present invention enables gradual advancement necessary for turning with less distortion.

The lightweight structure obtained by the method according to the present invention contributes to reducing environmental pollution by increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles equipped with such vehicle wheels.

If, in another very advantageous technique of the present invention, the casting mold is tempered at a high temperature in an area where the vehicle wheel has a small cross-sectional area, and the casting mold is tempered at a low temperature in an area where the vehicle wheel has a large cross-sectional area, the Relatively small areas of the mold cavity ensure that the melt remains in a liquid state for a sufficiently long time to prevent premature solidification of the melt, while relatively large areas of the mold cavity ensure that solidification can begin at an appropriate time. Overall, this results in uniform solidification of the entire vehicle wheel to be cast.

Regarding the rapid filling of the mold cavity and the uniform solidification of the light metal material in the associated liquid state, it has proven particularly advantageous if the molten light metal material is injected into the mold cavity at a high speed of 5 m/s or more.

Also, the vented area where the casting mold is vented is tempered to a lower temperature than other areas of the casting mold. As a result, the melt in the venting area solidifies quickly and does not leak out of the casting mold. In addition, it allows light metal materials in a liquid state to be solidified with a simple design even when the casting speed is high.

A casting mold for manufacturing a vehicle wheel according to the invention is specified in claim 5 .

The casting mold according to the invention makes it possible to very simply adjust the different temperature ranges in the casting mold by means of a tempering device, so that the vehicle wheel to be cast can be produced under conditions optimized in each case. The casting mold according to the present invention can have a relatively simple design and is always maintained at a set temperature by means of the tempering device.

Regarding the setting of the desired temperature at the time of transition from the casting mold to the mold cavity, if the tempering device is a pressurized water circuit, an electric heating cartridge, and/or a pressurized oil circuit It is particularly advantageous when formed as

If the mold part and/or inserts and/or venting elements coupled to the mold part are composed of different materials, heat outflow and/or heat inflow can be controlled relatively easily.

Furthermore, a tempering device operatively coupled with the control device can be provided for controlling and/or regulating the temperature of the tempered region. In this way, the temperature of the mold cavity or individual regions of the casting mold can be controlled or regulated very easily.

Regarding the simple structure or design of the casting mold according to the invention, another advantageous embodiment may consist in the fact that at least two mold parts which are movable relative to each other are provided.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in the fact that at least one of the mold parts has a plurality of tuning elements operating on the casting mold for conditioning the mold parts to different temperatures. By means of this tuning element, at least one mold part and thus the entire casting mold are very highly matched to each other with respect to the matching of the individual elements, since the tuning element is suitable for compensating for differences between the individual elements of the casting mold. It can be tuned well. This can significantly reduce cost by allowing the casting mold to be used at temperatures other than those for which it is designed. Also, the tuning elements can be made of different materials and can compensate for different sizes of the associated elements depending on the manufacture of the molded part and the heat input of the molded part. In addition to size compensation, the tuning element can insulate heat or transfer heat in a targeted manner, so that in addition to molding production and molding heat input, different sizes are compensated and an insulating effect is achieved or heat is transferred. In addition to compensating for magnitude, the tuning element may also absorb and/or reduce generated shocks and/or forces.

a surface change in the form of a tempered labyrinth-like structure, and/or at least one on the cross section, in the venting region of the mold cavity of the casting mold, to prevent leakage of the melt through the venting of the casting mold; A change in and/or at least one refraction is provided.

A device for manufacturing a vehicle wheel using such a casting mold is presented in claim 12 .

Said device, which can be in the form of a casting machine, can be used with particular advantage, for example for carrying out the method according to the invention.

at least one casting mold movable in the closing direction of the casting mold from another mold part via at least one guide element not belonging to the casting mold, to open and close the casting mold simply and safely; The mold part of can be provided. In this way, it is also possible to avoid additional guides in the casting mold and to move the mold part of the casting mold in the absence of such guides. In particular, by arranging the guiding element in the device but not in the casting mould, the guiding element can be used in most different casting moulds, resulting in significant cost savings. Also in this way a quick change of the casting mold, ie a quick change of the mold part of the casting mold, is possible.

In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mold part can be thermally separated from the guide element which moves it. This prevents excessive heating of the guide element, preventing it from bending and moving the element of the device with high precision and preventing disturbance.

In another advantageous embodiment of the device, at least two of the mold parts are movable in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction via a respective gripping element. This allows very fast opening and closing of the casting mold which can significantly increase the productivity of the device according to the invention.

When the at least one mold part can be coupled with quick coupling means to the at least one guide element and/or gripping element, this results in a simple and quick coupling of the guide and/or gripping element with the mold part.

In order to be able to supply and/or operate the tempering device in an efficient manner, it is also possible to provide that each unit for supplying the tempering device is coupled to the device.

In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention at least one vacuum unit for extracting air from the mold cavity may be provided. This vacuum unit makes it possible to suck air out of the mold cavity quickly and easily to fill the mold cavity with light metal material in liquid state.

In the following, examples of embodiments of the present invention are shown on the basis of the drawings.

The present invention relates to a method and a casting mold for manufacturing a vehicle wheel from a light-metal material capable of meeting the ever-increasing requirements in terms of lightweight structure, aerodynamics and crash behavior of said vehicle wheel. It has the effect of creating a casting mold.

1 is a side view of the device according to the invention in its initial state;
FIG. 2 is a view according to arrow II in FIG. 1 .
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is a side view of the device of Fig. 1 in a second state;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is a side view of the device of Fig. 1 in a third state;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 6;
Fig. 8 is a side view of the device of Fig. 1 in a fourth state;
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the apparatus of Fig. 8;
10 is a casting mold according to the present invention.
11 is another view of the casting mold according to the present invention.
12 is another view of the casting mold according to the present invention.

1 to 9 show different views of an apparatus 1 for manufacturing vehicle wheels 2 shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 using pressurized casting. The vehicle wheel 2 can be of essentially any size or shape. The vehicle wheel 2 shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 is therefore considered purely illustrative. A light metal material is used for the pressure casting of the vehicle wheel 2, and is preferably an aluminum or magnesium material. For this purpose, light metal materials known per se and suitable for the following methods can be used when manufacturing the vehicle wheel 2 .

The device 1 with the casting mold 3 shown in FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 is in the closed position. In this case, the casting mold 3 comprises four mold parts: a fixed or non-movable mold half 4, a movable mold half 5, an upper gate or slide 6, and a lower gate or slide 7 have The mold part of the casting mold 3 can be accommodated with or without a zero point system and has a very smooth and high quality surface that does not need to be treated with coatings or the like or needs to be used only to a very limited extent. Therefore, it is possible to have a high-quality surface of the wheel 2 of the vehicle. Of course, the casting mold 3 may have more parts than the four mold parts shown and described herein. The movable mold parts, namely the movable mold halves 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, via respective guide elements described below, in FIGS. 1, 2, and The state shown in FIG. 3 may be a state according to FIGS. 8 and 9 as well as FIGS. 4 and 5, and FIGS. 6 and 7 . These guide elements, described below, are part of the device 1 and do not belong to the casting mold 3 .

In order to guide the movement of the movable mold half 5 in the closing direction of the casting mold 3 indicated by the arrow “x” in FIG. ) are used, one side is attached to the movable clamping plate (9), and the other side is attached to the rear machine shield (10) to form a counter bearing. By moving the movable clamping plate 9, which is also a guide element for the casting mold 3, in the direction opposite to the closing direction x, the movable mold half 5 moves from the position shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. moved to the location shown. When the movable mold half (5) is moved relative to the stationary mold half (4), the upper slide (6) and the lower slide (7) also move in the closing direction (x) with respect to the stationary mold half (4). and move in the opposite direction A drive device known per se and not shown here can be used to drive the movable clamping plate 9 , in which case it is movably mounted on a rail 11 of the device 1 . do. The guide post 8 forms a guide for the movable clamping plate 9 and absorbs the horizontal clamping force during casting. The stationary mold half 4 is a mold cavity 14 formed between the mold parts of the casting mold 3 containing the negative mold of the vehicle wheel 2 to be manufactured by a method known per se. ) is coupled to a fixed clamping plate 12 connected to a casting unit 13 used to inject the light metal material in a liquid state. The mold cavity 14 is filled with the light metal material in liquid state, especially around the outer periphery of the mold cavity 14 . The casting mold 3 is preferably designed in such a way that when the light metal material in the liquid state of the material is injected into the mold cavity 14, the material does not spray. The liquid light metal material is injected into the mold cavity 14 at a relatively low pressure of 100 bar or more.

During the actual casting process, the movable clamping plate 9 and the stationary clamping plate 12 on which the movable clamping plate 9 is supported also generate the clamping force. To this end, the drive element or device used to move the movable clamping plate 9 can have, for example, a hydraulic cylinder and/or a toggle lever or mold closing element. there is. The casting mold 3 can be clamped with a manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic clamping element via a form fit and/or frictional connection. The stationary clamping plate 12 may have a mold spraying device (not shown) and/or an integrated pressure medium system.

The upper slide 6 moves vertically upwards relative to the movable mold half 5 via the upper gripping element 15 so that the upper slide 6 moves upward relative to the movable mold half 5 from the position shown in FIG. 1 or 4 . It can be moved to the position shown in 6. In a similar manner the lower slide 7 also moves downward relative to the movable mold half 5 via the lower gripping element 16 from the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to the position shown in FIG. 6 It can be. The gripping elements 15, 16 and the movable clamping plate 9 can be operated manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically. The two clamping elements 15 and 16 also correspond to guide elements for the casting mold 3 . In addition, a pressure medium may be mounted to the guide element for moving the mold part of the casting mold 3 in a manner not shown.

In this case, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 move in the vertical direction, but the casting mold 3 is separated in the area of the two slides 6 and 7 in the vertical direction so that the two It is also possible to move the slide in a horizontal direction. The two gripping elements 15, 16 will in this case be left and right. Preferably, the two slides 6, 7 are moved through the respective gripping elements 15, 16 in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction x.

In the method for the manufacture of the vehicle wheel (2) carried out using the device (1) and the casting mold (3), thus the light metal material is passed through the casting unit (13) to the casting mold (3). It is injected into the mold cavity 14 in liquid form. This light metal material in liquid form is injected at a high speed of 5 m/s or more. This high speed is achieved by a corresponding movement of the piston of the casting unit 13, not shown. The vehicle wheel 2 is manufactured through pressure casting, and the casting mold 3 is tempered at different temperatures in different regions. The different tempering of this casting mold 3 will be explained in more detail later using examples. Preferably, in an area where the vehicle wheel 2 has a small cross-sectional area, the casting mold 3 is tempered at a high temperature, and in an area where the vehicle wheel 2 has a large cross-sectional area, the casting mold 3 is tempered at a low temperature. The temperature control of the casting mold 3 allows the solidification behavior of the light metal material in the liquid state to be controlled or adjusted, even though the vehicle wheels 2 have very different cross-sectional areas. Also, the area where the casting mold 3 is vented is tempered at a much lower temperature than the rest of the casting mold 3 . This region in which the casting mold 3 is vented will also be described in more detail later.

The mold parts of the casting mold 3, i.e., the stationary mold half 4, the movable mold half 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, may be configured entirely or partially differently. there is. In particular, the material of the individual mold parts can be selected according to the temperature to which the casting mold 3 is to be tempered.

After the liquid light metal material is solidified, the mold part is separated in the manner described above to open the casting mold 3 . The cast part manufactured in this way, i.e. the ejection of the vehicle wheel 2, is attached on one side to the movable clamping plate 9 like the guide post 8 and the other to the rear machine shield 10. This is done through an ejector unit 17 attached to one side. In the present case, the ejector unit 17 has a hydraulic unit 18 which ensures the movement of the ejector unit 17 in a manner known per se. After the vehicle wheel 2 is ejected from the casting mold 3, the casting mold 3 injects the liquid light metal material into the mold cavity 14 to manufacture the next vehicle wheel 2. 8 and 9 to the states according to FIGS. 4 and 5, 6 and 7, and then to the states according to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

After completion, the corresponding vehicle wheel 2 can of course be connected to a tire not shown in the drawing to be filled with air or gas. In addition, the vehicle wheel 2 can also consist of several individual parts, which can be manufactured using the method described here.

10, 11 and 12 show an exemplary embodiment of the casting mold 3, the stationary mold half 4, the movable mold half 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower part Slide 7 is shown. The upper gripping element 15 and the lower gripping element 16 are also shown in these figures. Fig. 10 also shows that the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 are connected to the upper gripping element 15 and the lower gripping element 16 respectively by quick coupling means 19, 20 (as described above). quick coupling of the guide element belonging to the device (1) to the mold part belonging to the casting mold (3), so as to ensure rapid opening and closing of the casting mold (3) by moving the mold parts relative to each other. is possible).

10 shows that the upper slide 6, the lower slide 7 and the movable mold half 5 are guide elements corresponding to them, namely the upper gripping element 15, the lower gripping element ( 16) and thermally separated from the movable clamping plate (9). For this purpose, corresponding insulating elements 21 are provided, all of which are not entirely visible in the direction of the cross-sectional view, and can be provided between the stationary mold half 4 and the stationary clamping plate 12. . Thermal separation of the mold part from the guide element prevents unintentional heating of the guide element, so that the functioning of the device 1 in relation to the opening and closing of the casting mold 3 is ensured even with fluctuations in temperature.

10 also shows several tempering devices capable of tempering the casting mold 3 at different temperatures, so as to uniformly solidify the light metal material inside the mold cavity 14 . The tempering device preferably comprises a pressurized water circuit which is the various holes 22 shown in FIG. 10 , an electric heating cartridge 23 and also the various holes 24 shown in FIG. 10 is a pressurized oil circuit. If necessary, another heating or cooling element can also be used as the tempering device.

The tempering device, i.e. the pressurized water circuit, the electric heating cartridge 23 and/or the pressurized oil circuit, as also shown in FIG. 10, is coupled to a control device 25 so that it is controlled by the tempering device. The temperature of the zone may be controlled and/or regulated. The control device 25 can also be operatively connected with a temperature sensor, not shown, which measures the actual temperature of the individual parts of the casting mold 3 and thus makes it possible to accurately set the temperature. The control device 25 can also monitor the temperature of the molded part or molding area in addition to other process data and/or geographic data and/or other monitoring information and transmit it to a higher level system, such as a machine control system. . In this way, the casting mold 3 can be specially tempered during manufacturing and/or for preheating, so that all influencing parameters, such as the different thermal expansion of the elements concerned, are based on the different temperatures and thermal expansions of the mold parts. can be monitored and controlled.

The temperature control of the casting mold 3 can, of course, be designed differently for the individual mold and thus for the individual vehicle wheel 2 to be manufactured together with the casting mold 3 or the device 1 .

1 , 4 , 6 and 8 show very schematically a unit 26 coupled to the device 1 and used for supplying a temperature control unit for temperature control of the casting mold 3 . In this case the unit 26 is shown coupled to the rail 11 . However, the unit 26 could of course be located or attached to another location within the device 1 .

1 , 4 , 6 , and 8 also show a vacuum unit 27 used to extract air from the mold cavity 14 . The vacuum unit 27 , via which a corresponding vacuum is generated, is also coupled to the device 1 and is shown again purely by way of example in the rail 11 . The combination of the unit 26 and the tempering device and the combination of the vacuum unit 27 and the mold cavity 14 are not shown in the drawings, but they can be performed in the most various and familiar ways.

11 shows the casting mold 3 in which parts of the upper slide 6 , the lower slide 7 , the movable mold half 5 , the control device 25 and the mold cavity 14 can be seen. shows a perspective view of a part of The two gripping elements 15 and 16 and their coupling to the two slides 6 and 7 can also be seen clearly in FIG. 11 . 11 , at least one molding, in this case both the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, can be matched or tuned to each other via various tuning elements 28. In this case, the two slides 6, 7 are matched via the tuning element 28 to the stationary mold half 4, not shown in FIG. 11 . In this way, tolerance deviations that inevitably arise during the production of the individual mold parts can be compensated for. Also, the tuning element 28 serves to adjust the mold parts of the casting mold 3 acting on the casting mold 3 to different temperatures. The tuning elements 28, which may also be referred to as inserts, may be made of a different material than the slides 6, 7 on which they are placed.

The dividing area between the mold parts of the casting mold 3 is connected to the casting mold 3 via a tuning element 28, which has the most variable thickness and, if necessary, can also be designed as a tuning cylinder. , it is possible to tune in such a way that all mold parts of the mold remain closed even under bursting pressure to prevent leakage of the light metal material in the liquid state. In this way, the mold part of the casting mold 3 having a temperature zone, in addition to the technical and economic requirements that inevitably arise for the vehicle wheel 2 in the manufacture of the vehicle wheel 2, in addition to the existing mold The technical and economic design of the casting mold 3 in connection with the problem can also be adjusted in this way taking into account. Also, the tuning element 28 can be reworked or replaced after appropriate testing to ensure that the casting mold 3 is sealed.

Fig. 12 shows another mold part of the casting mold 3, i.e. having a venting area 29 adjacent to the mold cavity 14 through which air in the mold cavity 14 can leak through when the casting process begins. A drawing of the stationary mold half 4 is shown. In order to prevent the air as well as the light metal material in liquid state from leaking from the vented area (29), the vented area, as already mentioned, is tempered to a much lower temperature than the rest of the casting mold (3). do. In addition, a temperature-controlled or tempered labyrinth-like structure 30 is provided in the venting area 29 to prevent the liquid light metal material from easily leaking out of the mold cavity 14 . In addition to or alternatively to the labyrinth-like structure 30, the vented area 29 may have a cross-sectional area change, surface enlargement or surface reduction and/or deflection. The venting area 29 or a venting element forming the venting area 29 may be made of a material different from other elements of the casting mold 3 . For example, a copper material such as brass or bronze may be used for the venting area 29 . Of course, venting areas identical to or similar to the venting area 29 may also be located at other points in the mold cavity 14 .

The venting area 29, which may also be referred to as a venting unit, together with the described geometrical design activates a system that controls the light metal material in liquid state through its own thermal management, so as to be able to realize, according to requirements, short venting distances. Coupling to the vacuum unit 27 can be selectively controlled through one or more holes 31 to full cross-section or reduced cross-section. In some cases, this venting area 29 can be provided with a vacuum valve coupling to serve as a complete or partial overflow of the casting mold 3 or to be used without subsequent vacuum coupling. may be

12 also shows a closing belt or ring 32 created by offsetting the plane of the stationary mold half 4 . The tuning element 28 is supported by the ring 32 to ensure the rigidity of the casting mold 3 when the casting mold 3 is closed. Accordingly, the ring 32 absorbs the force generated during casting.

Claims (18)

Light-metal material - the light-metal material is injected in liquid form into the mold cavity 14 of the casting mold 3 - to make the vehicle wheel 2 In the method for manufacturing,
The vehicle wheel 2 is manufactured through pressurized casting, and the casting mold 3 is tempered at different temperatures in different regions,
The casting mold (3) includes a non-movable mold half (4), a movable mold half (5), an upper slide (6) and a lower slide (7),
at least one of the mold parts of the casting mold (3) has a plurality of tuning elements (28) which are used to adjust the mold parts of the casting mold (3) to different temperatures on the casting mold (3);
The plurality of tuning elements 28 are provided on the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, and when the vehicle wheel 2 is manufactured through pressure casting, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide A method in which the slide (7) is matched to the non-movable mold half (4) via the tuning element (28). According to claim 1,
In the area where the vehicle wheel 2 has a small cross-sectional area, the casting mold 3 is tempered at a high temperature, and in the area where the vehicle wheel 2 has a large cross-sectional area, the casting mold 3 is tempered at a low temperature. A method characterized by being. According to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the molten light metal material is injected into the mold cavity (14) at a high speed of 5 m/s or more. According to claim 1,
characterized in that the venting area (29) in which the casting mold (3) is vented is tempered to a much lower temperature than the rest of the casting mold (3). A casting mold (3) for manufacturing a vehicle wheel (2) from a light metal material, the casting mold (3) having a mold part forming a mold cavity (14) for receiving the light metal material in liquid form,
The casting mold 3 is characterized in that it has regions that are tempered to different temperatures through a tempering device,
The casting mold (3) includes a non-movable mold half (4), a movable mold half (5), an upper slide (6) and a lower slide (7),
At least one of the mold parts of the casting mold 3 has a plurality of tuning elements 28 used to adjust the mold parts of the casting mold 3 to different temperatures on the casting mold 3 ,
The plurality of tuning elements 28 are provided on the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, and when the vehicle wheel 2 is manufactured through pressure casting, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide A casting mold (3) in which a slide (7) is matched to the non-movable mold half (4) via the tuning element (28). According to claim 5,
The casting mold (3), characterized in that the tempering device is formed of at least one of a pressurized water circuit, an electric heating cartridge (23), and a pressurized oil circuit. According to claim 5 or 6,
A casting mold (3), characterized in that at least one of the mold part and an insert and a venting element coupled to at least one of the mold part are composed of different materials. According to claim 5,
The casting mold (3), characterized in that the tempering device is operatively coupled with a control device (25) for controlling or regulating the temperature in the area to be tempered. According to claim 5,
Casting mold (3), characterized in that at least two mold parts are provided which are movable relative to each other. delete According to claim 5,
In the venting area 29 in the mold cavity 14 of the casting mold 3, a surface change in the form of a tempered labyrinth-like structure 30, at least one change in cross section and at least one Casting mold (3), characterized in that at least one of the deflections is provided. A device (1) for manufacturing a vehicle wheel (2) having a casting mold (3) according to claim 5. According to claim 12,
At least one of the mold parts of the casting mold 3 is, via at least one guide element not belonging to the casting mold 3, relative to the other mold parts, of the casting mold 3. Device (1), characterized in that it is movable in the closing direction (x). According to claim 12,
Apparatus (1), characterized in that the mold part is thermally separated from the guiding element which moves it. According to claim 12,
Characterized in that at least two of the mold parts are movable in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction (x) of the casting mold (3) through respective gripping elements (15, 16). device(1). According to claim 15,
At least one of the mold parts is attached to at least one of the gripping elements 15, 16 and at least one guide element for moving the mold part, via quick-connection means 19, 20. Device (1), characterized in that it can be combined. According to claim 12,
Apparatus (1), characterized in that each unit (26) for supplying the tempering device is coupled to the apparatus (1). According to claim 12,
Device (1), characterized in that at least one vacuum unit (27) is provided for extracting air from the mold cavity (14).