KR102556919B1 - Coated fertilizer for root area and method for growing crop using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coated fertilizer for flower crops coated with a fertilizer component containing humic substances and amino acids and a method for cultivating crops using the same.
In the coated fertilizer of the present invention, since fertilizer nutrients are continuously eluted even during the rainy season, there is no need to separately supply nutrient solution fertilizer or water, so crop damage due to excessive moisture can be prevented, and not only chemical fertilizer components, but also humic substances and amino acids Ingredients can be continuously supplied to improve crop growth.

Description

Coated fertilizer for flower crops {Coated fertilizer for root area and method for growing crop using the same}

The present invention relates to a coated fertilizer for flower crops coated with a fertilizer component containing humic substances and amino acids and a method for cultivating crops using the same.

Chemical fertilizers began in 1904 with German chemist Fritz Habor (1868~1934) synthesizing ammonia (NH ₃ ) from nitrogen (N ₂ ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ), and in 1913, BASF, Germany, produced 20 tons of fertilizer per day. As ammonia was commercially produced, production began in earnest. Since then, as commercial fertilizer factories have been built all over the world, the production of chemical fertilizers has increased rapidly, and the world population has also increased exponentially as much as the increase.

Chemical fertilizers have solved human hunger, but due to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, problems such as river and sea contamination, soil and groundwater contamination, global warming gas generation, and crop pests and diseases have emerged.

When general chemical fertilizers are applied to the soil, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients in crops is very low, about 20 to 40%, and the rest flows into the air, soil, and rivers, polluting the surrounding environment as well as the energy that went into manufacturing chemical fertilizers. Waste of resources and waste of marginal resources on earth, such as naphtha, potash chloride and phosphate rock, is a situation that is caused.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of these chemical fertilizers, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1331454 discloses a method of producing a coated fertilizer by finely spraying a polymer resin with a two-fluid nozzle on the surface of the chemical fertilizer using a fluidized bed coater. However, since this is a method for overcoming the problem of rapid solubility of chemical fertilizers in the soil, it is insufficient to estimate the amount of savings in general chemical fertilizers.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1178613, which proposes a plan to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used by adding functional materials to general chemical fertilizers other than cover fertilizer coated with polymer resin, reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used by adding polyaspartic acid and glycine betaine to general chemical fertilizers Although the method has been disclosed, there was a limit to drastically reducing the amount of fertilizer used.

On the other hand, in the case of flower crops that spend the summer season in domestic facility houses, the rainy season and the high temperature period last about 2 months, so there is great difficulty in growing facility plants during this period. During the rainy season, the growth of flower crops is poor due to the low amount of sunlight and high humidity, and the scorching heat immediately following the end of the rainy season gives a lot of stress to the crops.

Most domestic facility house farmhouses mainly dissolve chemical fertilizers in water to produce nutrient solution fertilizer to supply nutrients to crops, and then supply the nutrient solution to the crops through a water supply device. The amount and frequency of application vary depending on the nutrient requirements of the crop, but nutrient solution fertilizer is usually supplied once or twice a week during the entire growth period of the crop, and if the crop is grown for 6 months, a total of 24 to 48 times of fertilizer must be supplied. The labor force is greatly increased.

In addition, in the rainy season, it is difficult to supply nutrient solution fertilizer due to the high moisture content of the air. That is, a large amount of water must also be supplied in order to sufficiently supply the necessary amount of nutrients to the flower crops at this time, but if the water supply is excessive, the flower crops will cause water disturbance. In addition, in the rainy season, sunlight is insufficient due to frequent rainfall, and the lack of sunlight affects the photosynthesis of crops, resulting in poor crop growth.

As soon as the rainy season ends, the scorching heat immediately increases the temperature of the facility house by up to 40 ℃ or more, increasing crop stress due to high temperatures. During this period, nutrients attached to the topsoil or soil are temporarily melted in large amounts around the roots of crops due to high temperatures, increasing soil EC and causing root failure due to high salinity.

Flower crops, which are mainly grown in facility houses, are mainly grown in containers using top soil. Container cultivation, not soil, requires inorganic nutrients and organic substances required by flower crops to be supplied at the same time. Some domestic flower farmers are using a coating-type slow-acting fertilizer coated with a polymeric resin for facility house crops due to the hassle of fertilizing nutrient solution, the labor cost of fertilization, and the difficulty of supplying trace elements. However, since there is no cover-type slow-acting fertilizer suitable for flower crops, expensive foreign-made slow-acting fertilizers are mainly used. From this past period, the shortage of fertilizer nutrients has appeared, and farmers are performing foliar fertilization by diluting nutrient solution fertilizer in water and applying liquid fertilizer to crop leaves.

Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1331454 Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1178613

Accordingly, the present inventors have researched and made efforts to develop a coated fertilizer capable of supplying sufficient nutrients with only one application during the entire growth period of flower crops, and as a result, a coated fertilizer coated with fertilizer components containing humic substances and amino acids in addition to inorganic chemical fertilizer components The present invention was completed by discovering that an excellent growth effect can be secured when fertilized with flower crops.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a coated fertilizer coated with a fertilizer component containing humic substances and amino acids and a method for cultivating flower crops using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention,

Provided is a coated fertilizer in which a fertilizer component containing one or a mixture of two or more selected from humic acid, fulvic acid and humin and an amino acid is coated with a polymer resin.

The humic acid may be included in 0.1 to 10% by weight in the fertilizer component.

The fulvic acid may be included in 1 to 20% by weight in the fertilizer component.

The amino acid is one or two or more selected from aspartic acid, serine, glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine, cystine, methionine, alanine, glutamic acid, ornithine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and proline. It may be included in 1 to 20% by weight in the fertilizer component.

The coated fertilizer may have a dissolution rate of 30 to 60% by weight indicating the amount of fertilizer components eluted after 90 days.

On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for growing flower crops using a coating fertilizer comprising the step of fertilizing the coating fertilizer to flower seedlings.

In the coated fertilizer of the present invention, since fertilizer nutrients are continuously eluted even during the rainy season, there is no need to separately supply nutrient solution fertilizer or water, so crop damage due to excessive moisture can be prevented, and not only chemical fertilizer components, but also humic substances and amino acids Ingredients can be continuously supplied to improve crop growth.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings, and the inventors may appropriately define the concept of terms in order to explain their invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as a meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that there is.

The present invention is characterized in that in the coated fertilizer in which the fertilizer component is coated with a polymer resin, the fertilizer component includes one or a mixture of two or more selected from humic acid, fulvic acid and humin and an amino acid.

In the present invention, the fertilizer component includes a humic substance, and the humic substance is one or a mixture of two or more selected from humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin.

In the soil rhizosphere, crops root photosynthetic products of the above-ground part, and in order to consume these photosynthetic products, microorganisms are much more distributed and diverse than in the soil outside the rhizosphere, and they greatly affect the absorption of nutrients and water by the roots of crops. . These microorganisms are called rhizosphere microorganisms. The humic substances can bring about effects such as increasing microbial activity in the rhizosphere, promoting root growth, promoting solubilization of insoluble nutrients in soil, improving water retention capacity in soil, enhancing cation exchange capacity, and reducing toxic substances in soil.

Humic acid, also called humic acid, is a major component of humus, peat, and coal. It is a polymeric substance with a high molecular weight. It has a characteristic that helps to relieve drought stress in crops.

The humic acid may be included in 0.1 to 10% by weight of the total fertilizer component, preferably 1 to 8% by weight, more preferably 2 to 5% by weight.

Fulvic acid has high usefulness for crops, high exchangeable cation capacity, solubility of minerals, photosynthesis enhancement effect, activity and density increase of mycorrhizal fungi, and nutrient mediator function through chelation action.

The fulvic acid may be included in 1 to 20% by weight in the total fertilizer components, preferably 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight.

In addition, the humic acid and the fulvic acid may be mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 10, preferably at a weight ratio of 1:2 to 6, and more preferably at a weight ratio of 1:3 to 5.

The humin is a carbon-based macromolecular substance and refers to a substance that is not dissolved by a weak acid or alkali among humic substances. The humin is firmly bound to the soil, is not easily decomposed by soil microorganisms, and remains as soil organic matter for a long time, so it can play a role in increasing soil organic matter content.

On the other hand, amino acids included in the fertilizer component of the present invention are aspartic acid, serine, glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine, cystine, methionine, alanine, glutamic acid, ornithine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and One or two or more selected from proline may be used.

The amino acid may be included in 1 to 20% by weight in the total fertilizer component, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, more preferably 3 to 10% by weight.

The composition of the amino acid is aspartic acid 5 to 15% by weight, serine 5 to 15% by weight, glycine 5 to 20% by weight, lysine 5 to 15% by weight, histidine 1 to 10% by weight, arginine 1 to 10% by weight, cystine 1 to 10 wt%, methionine 1 to 10 wt%, alanine 1 to 10 wt%, glutamic acid 10 to 30 wt%, proline 1 to 10 wt%, threonine 1 to 10 wt%, phenylalanine 1 to 10 wt%, tryptophan 1 ~ 10% by weight, isoleucine 1 ~ 10% by weight, tyrosine 1 ~ 10% by weight, but is not limited thereto

During the rainy season, if sunlight is insufficient, the amount of amino acid synthesis in the body of the crop is insufficient. not made Plants synthesize amino acids by themselves, but a lot of energy is consumed to synthesize amino acids within the plant body. As a result, the rate of amino acid production is slowed down, so supplying amino acids directly through plant roots or leaves can help plants grow quickly.

On the other hand, inorganic chemical fertilizer components other than the above components in the fertilizer component may be included in 60 to 90% by weight of the total fertilizer component, but are not limited thereto.

The polymer resin coating the fertilizer component may be used without particular limitation, but one or a mixture of two or more selected from acrylic resin, polyethylene resin, polyvinyl dichloride (PVDC) resin, polyimide resin, alkyd resin, and urethane resin is selected. and can be used In particular, in the case of acrylic resin, acrylic emulsion polymer resin can be used. Since acrylic emulsion is a thermoplastic resin and uses water instead of solvent-type resin such as toluene, there is no damage to seeds due to the volatility of the solvent, and the type of soil, soil microorganisms , it is preferable in that the dissolution rate is not affected by the external environment of the soil, such as soil pH.

The dissolution rate of the coated fertilizer (amount of fertilizer components eluted after 90 days) is preferably designed to be 30 to 60% by weight. Compared to general coated fertilizers, slowing the dissolution rate is preferable to solve the problem of rapid nutrient elution in the high temperature period and nutrient deficiency in the latter half, and the coating thickness can be appropriately adjusted to slow the dissolution rate.

The coated fertilizer may be prepared by putting the fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed coater, fluidizing the fertilizer particles through a preheating process to prevent moisture in the fertilizer, and then spraying a polymer resin on the fertilizer surface. As a method of coating the polymer resin on the fertilizer particles, a method of precisely coating the fertilizer particles by finely spraying the polymer resin through a spray nozzle in a state where the fertilizer is mainly put in a fluidized bed coater and the fertilizer particles are airborne by air use. At this time, the coating conditions can be appropriately adjusted according to the polymer to be coated, but in the case of using acrylic emulsion resin, the coating temperature is 30 ~ 80 ℃, the spray pressure is 0.1 ~ 3.0 kg / ㎠, the spray amount is 1 ~ 100 g / min, and the spray time is It is preferable that the coating proceeds under the condition of 10 to 120 minutes, and the coating temperature is more preferably adjusted in the range of 40 to 70 °C. In addition, the coating thickness can be appropriately adjusted, but it is preferable to form 1 to 1,000 μm, preferably 10 to 500 μm, and most preferably 50 to 200 μm. After the coating is completed, it is dried and cooled naturally, and the coated fertilizer can be obtained by discharging the coated fertilizer through the discharge port of the fluidized bed coater.

In addition, the present invention,

Another feature is a method of growing flower crops using a covering fertilizer comprising the step of fertilizing the covering fertilizer to flower seedlings.

First, after filling pots with potting soil, seedlings of flowers to be cultivated are planted, and then the coating fertilizer is applied. The fertilization can be carried out only once, and it is preferable to fertilize about 5 to 20 g per seedling.

Hereinafter, examples and experimental examples will be described in detail to explain the present invention in detail. However, embodiments according to the present invention may be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described below. Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art.

Example 1: Preparation of coated fertilizer containing humic substances and amino acids

18 kg of organic material containing humic substances and amino acids was added to 100 kg of general chemical fertilizer, and after pulverization and mixing, spherical fertilizer granulated particles having a size of 2 to 4 mm were prepared in a fertilizer granulator. Then, after drying in a dryer until the moisture content was less than 1%, the final fertilizer particles were obtained by natural cooling.

At this time, 12 kg of humic substances and 6 kg of amino acids were included in 18 kg of organic substances, and a mixture of humic acid and fulvic acid at a weight ratio of 1:4 was used as the humic substance.

The component content in the general chemical fertilizer was used as a nitrogen-phosphate-potassium component containing 10% by weight, 10% by weight, and 10% by weight, respectively.

The amino acids include 7.8% by weight of aspartic acid, 8.9% by weight of serine, 11.3% by weight of glycine, 9.5% by weight of lysine, 2.4% by weight of histidine, 6.7% by weight of arginine, 4.6% by weight of cystine, 2.8% by weight of methionine, 5.7% by weight of alanine, 15.2% by weight of glutamic acid, 7.8% by weight of proline, 5.8% by weight of threonine, 4.1% by weight of phenylalanine, 2.8% by weight of tryptophan, 2.5% by weight of isoleucine and 2.1% by weight of tyrosine were used.

2 kg of the fertilizer particles were put into the fluid bed coater, and the fertilizer was lifted into the air inside the coater with compressed air at about 0.4 m ³ /min, and then the acrylic emulsion polymer resin was sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer particles. At this time, the coating temperature was 60℃, the spray nozzle air pressure was about 1kg/cm ² , and the coating material was sprayed at 15g/min for about 50 minutes. After spraying was completed, the internal temperature of the coating machine was raised to 80℃ and then about After heat treatment for 20 minutes, it was cooled naturally, and the coated fertilizer was discharged from the coating machine to prepare a coated fertilizer. The coating thickness of the coated fertilizer was found to be about 90 μm.

Comparative Example 1: Preparation of general coated fertilizer

A coated fertilizer having a coating thickness of about 90 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 kg of general chemical fertilizer was put into the fluidized bed coater and coated.

Comparative Example 2: Preparation of general coated fertilizer

A coated fertilizer having a coating thickness of about 80 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 kg of general chemical fertilizer was put into a fluidized bed coater and the coating material was sprayed and coated for about 44 minutes.

Test Example 1: Water Nitrogen Elution Test of Covered Fertilizer

In order to investigate the degree of dissolution in water of the coated fertilizers prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, 5 g each was sampled and put into a 250 ml flask filled with distilled water, and then left in a thermostat at 25 ° C. Nitrogen content was measured using an automatic nitrogen analyzer. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.

division Dissolution rate (%) Elution days (days) One 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 Example 1 2 5 11 24 33 49 67 77 93 Comparative Example 1 5 14 20 28 39 54 72 85 100 Comparative Example 2 8 19 43 69 87 94 100

As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the nitrogen component was slowly eluted in the fertilizer of Example 1, and the amount of nitrogen component eluted after 90 days was confirmed to be 49% by weight.

However, in the case of Comparative Example 2 having a thin coating thickness, it was confirmed that the amount of nitrogen components eluted after 90 days was 94%.

Test Example 2: Humic and amino acid dissolution test in water of coated fertilizer

In the same manner as in the above test example, the humic and amino acid components eluted into the water were measured using a spectrophotometer while being left in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. every analysis day. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.

division Dissolution rate (%) Elution days (days) One 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 Example 1 9 13 17 26 39 53 78 92 100 Comparative Examples 1 and 2 - - - - - - - - -

As shown in Table 2, in the fertilizer of Example 1, it was confirmed that humic and amino acid components were also slowly eluted, and the amount of humic and amino acid components eluted after 90 days was confirmed to be 53% by weight.

Test Example 3: Chrysanthemum cultivation effect

Chrysanthemum seedlings were planted after filling a 6-inch pot in the facility house with soil. After planting the chrysanthemum seedlings, 10 g of each of the coated fertilizers prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was precisely weighed and sprayed in the pot in which the chrysanthemum seedlings were planted. No additional fertilizer was applied until the next 5 months.

The results of the chrysanthemum yield survey after the crop cultivation test are shown in Table 3 below. The number of flowers was calculated as the total number of flowers by counting the total number of chrysanthemum flowers, the live weight was measured by cutting the entire aerial part of the chrysanthemum, and the dry weight was confirmed by drying the living chrysanthemum in a dryer at 105℃ for about 1 day.

fertilization number of flowers
(ea) live weight (g) Dry weight (g) flower leaf stalk entire flower leaf stalk entire Example 1 264 269 211 480 51 53 104 Comparative Example 1 224 203 175 376 40 50 90 Comparative Example 2 206 195 162 357 38 48 86

As shown in Table 3, when the coated fertilizer of Example 1 was applied, it was confirmed that the number of chrysanthemum flowers, live weight and dry weight were all excellent compared to the case where the coated fertilizer of Comparative Example was applied.

Test Example 4: Cypress tree cultivation effect

Cultivation was carried out under the same conditions as in Test Example 3, except that cypress was grown as a crop. After checking the live weight of the cypress tree by cutting the entire aerial part of the cypress tree, drying it in a dryer at 105 ° C for about 1 day, the dry weight was checked, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.

fertilization live weight (g) Dry weight (g) Example 1 87 34 Comparative Example 1 51 19 Comparative Example 2 46 11

As shown in Table 4, when the coated fertilizer of Example 1 was applied, it was confirmed that both the live weight and dry weight of the cypress trees were excellent compared to the case where the coated fertilizer of Comparative Example was applied.

Test Example 5: Lantana cultivation effect

Cultivation was carried out under the same conditions as in Test Example 3, except that Lantana was grown as a crop. After checking the live weight by cutting the entire aerial part of the lantana, dry weight was checked after drying in a dryer at 105 ° C for about 1 day, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.

fertilization live weight (g) Dry weight (g) Example 1 480 193 Comparative Example 1 383 137 Comparative Example 2 324 124

As shown in Table 5, when the coated fertilizer of Example 1 was applied, it was confirmed that both the live weight and dry weight of lanthana were excellent compared to the case where the coated fertilizer of Comparative Example was applied.

Claims (7)

In the coated fertilizer in which the fertilizer component is coated with a polymer resin,
The fertilizer component,
It is formed into spherical particles with a size of 2 to 4 mm, including chemical fertilizers, humic acids, fulvic acids and amino acids,
The humic acid and fulvic acid are included in a weight ratio of 1: 4,
The amino acid is included in 1 to 20% by weight in the fertilizer component,
The amino acids include 7.8% by weight of aspartic acid, 8.9% by weight of serine, 11.3% by weight of glycine, 9.5% by weight of lysine, 2.4% by weight of histidine, 6.7% by weight of arginine, 4.6% by weight of cystine, 2.8% by weight of methionine, 5.7% by weight of alanine, 15.2% by weight of glutamic acid, 7.8% by weight of proline, 5.8% by weight of threonine, 4.1% by weight of phenylalanine, 2.8% by weight of tryptophan, 2.5% by weight of isoleucine and 2.1% by weight of tyrosine,
The coated fertilizer is prepared by raising the coating temperature of the polymer resin from 60 ° C to 80 ° C, heat-treating for 20 minutes and then cooling,
The coating thickness of the polymer resin is formed to be 90 μm, and the elution rate representing the amount of nitrogen eluted after 90 days is 49% by weight,
The number of flowers, live weight, and dry weight of chrysanthemums grown with the coating fertilizer are excellent,
The live weight and dry weight of cypress trees grown with the covered fertilizer are excellent,
A coating fertilizer for cultivation of flower crops, characterized in that the live weight and dry weight of the lanthana grown with the coating fertilizer are excellent.
According to claim 1,
The humic acid is a cover fertilizer for flower crop cultivation, characterized in that contained in 0.1 to 10% by weight in the fertilizer component.
According to claim 1,
The fulvic acid is a cover fertilizer for flower crop cultivation, characterized in that contained in 1 to 20% by weight in the fertilizer component.
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