KR102380920B1 - Apparatus of Battery Over-temperature Protection - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, and more specifically, detects the temperature of the lithium-ion battery through a temperature sensor unit to a lithium-ion battery that supplies driving control power of smart mobility, and in the temperature sensor unit When an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more is detected, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistance, and when a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistance, the lithium-ion battery consists of a discharge resistor and a discharge switch that discharges energy The discharging switch of the battery discharging circuit is turned on, and at the same time, the energy of the lithium-ion battery is consumed in the discharging resistor to stop the smart mobility. .

Description

Apparatus of Battery Over-temperature Protection

The present invention relates to a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility, and more particularly, to a battery in smart mobility, a device that moves using a small electric system such as an electric kickboard, a Segway, a hoverboard, an electric wheel, and an electric bicycle. In particular, it relates to a battery explosion prevention device that prevents the occurrence of overtemperature in the battery in advance.

Recently, fire and explosion accidents have become a problem in smart mobility, a device that moves using small electric systems such as electric kickboards, Segways, hoverboards, electric wheels, and electric bicycles. Based on Korea, the number of fire and explosion accidents of smart mobility in 2015 - 14, 2016 - 84, 2017 - 197, 2018 - 233, 2019 - more than 250. Specific examples that have recently occurred include the recent explosion of an electric kickboard in an apartment building in Songjeong-dong, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju: 2 killed, 4 injured (September 2019), 1 person killed and 1 injured (May 2019) ), an accident in which 7 people were injured (July 11, 2018) by the explosion of an electric kickboard in the dormitory of the Korea National University of Sports in Songpa-gu, Seoul. Most of the smart mobility currently sold in Korea are very vulnerable to fire and explosion accidents due to the following three problems.

First, most of the smart mobility currently sold are made in China and do not have a protection circuit for battery explosion and fire.

Second, there are cases where the rated voltage of the battery and the rated voltage of the charger do not match.

Third, there are cases where the performance of the lithium-ion battery is not significantly lower than that of the genuine battery due to the use of a fake rather than a genuine battery.

As a related prior document, in Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2018-0097344, published on August 31, 2018 (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 1]), the battery management system (BMS) battery diagnosis condition change using connector connection It relates to methods and systems. In [Patent Document 1], a battery management system composed of a connector connection detection unit, a diagnostic information requesting unit, a diagnostic information receiving unit, first and second diagnostic information storage units, a change detection unit, and a diagnostic operation performing unit is proposed.

In the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0051477, published on May 15, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 2]), a BMS (battery management system) wake-up device, a BMS using the same, and It's about the battery pack. In the [Patent Document 2], when an external power signal is supplied, a pulse generating module that generates a pulse signal depending on whether the source power passes or not, based on the pulse signal, outputs operating power to drive a BMS (battery management system) A power output module is proposed.

Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2016-0067600, published on June 14, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 3]) relates to a battery cell overcharge protection device and method. In [Patent Document 3], a cell balancing unit, an overcharge protection unit, and a protection control unit have been proposed.

However, despite many studies for the stable control of the battery in [Patent Document 1] to [Patent Document 3], it is optimized for smart mobility such as electric kickboards, Segways, hoverboards, electric wheels and electric bicycles, and at the same time, problems It is not optimized for battery explosion prevention, which can stop the BLDC motor in case of occurrence and at the same time counteract the stored energy of the lithium-ion battery.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0097344, published on August 31, 2018. Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0051477, published on May 15, 2019. Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2016-0067600, published on 2016. 06. 14.

In the above-mentioned prior art, there is a problem in that the battery explodes due to the occurrence of overtemperature due to overcharging of the lithium-ion battery for smart mobility or the occurrence of overtemperature due to overcharging due to the back electromotive force of the BLDC motor 10. . The reason is: First, most of the smart mobility currently sold are made in China and do not have a protection circuit for battery explosion and fire. Second, there are cases where the rated voltage of the battery and the rated voltage of the charger do not match. Third, there are cases in which the performance of the lithium-ion battery is not significantly lower than that of the genuine battery due to the use of a counterfeit non-genuine lithium-ion battery. Therefore, in the present invention, an overtemperature of 70 degrees or more occurs in the lithium-ion battery, and it is detected in advance before the temperature at which a fire or explosion occurs, the BLDC motor 10 is stopped, and the energy of the lithium-ion battery is reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility that discharges.

In order to achieve the above object, a BLDC motor 10 for driving smart mobility, an inverter 30 for speed control of the BLDC motor 10, and an inverter control unit 70 for supplying a control signal of the inverter 30 , the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 that determines the operation of the control signal of the inverter control unit 70 and the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 are controlled to be connected to ground to connect the gate of the inverter control unit 70 Inverter operation control switch 71 for blocking the generation of signal 72, lithium-ion battery 40 for supplying power to the inverter 30, and battery discharge for discharging energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 Circuit (60) - The battery discharging circuit (60) is composed of a discharging resistor (60-1) and a discharging switch (60-2), and a metal-insulator momentary for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery (40). Transition temperature sensor unit 50 - The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 are all connected in parallel, and the metal - The temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series with the insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50, the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 specified When overtemperature is detected by the temperature sensor, the inverter operation control switch 71 is turned on due to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 to which a voltage is applied and the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 to which the voltage is applied. ), so that the generation of the gate signal 72 of the inverter control unit 70 is blocked, the operation of the BLDC motor 10 is stopped, and the discharge switch 60-2 is turned on, so that the lithium- The biggest technical feature is the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, which consists of discharging the energy of the ion battery 40 through the discharge resistor 60-1.

In addition, in the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 of The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are all connected in parallel, and the metal-insulator connected to one end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 The instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc), the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected to the other end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 - the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit ( 50), a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, and the discharge resistor 60-1 connected between the (+) terminal and the (-) terminal of the lithium-ion battery 40 ) and a discharging switch 60-2, the battery discharging circuit 60, the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, when a voltage is applied at an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more, the discharging switch 60-2 is turned on (Turn-on), the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is consumed in the discharge resistor 60-1, and the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 ) is characterized as having a metal-insulator instantaneous transition characteristic in which the resistance value abruptly changes from several hundred [kΩ] to several tens [Ω] at a temperature of about 70 degrees.

In addition, the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are characterized in that they are dispersed and disposed in various parts of the battery.

In addition, the charger 140 for charging the lithium-ion battery 40 from the AC power source 130 - The charger 140 is composed of a charger power stage 110 and a charger control unit 111, the charger control unit Reference numeral 111 denotes a charger operation control reference voltage Vref2 that determines whether the charging gate signal 112 is generated, and a charger control connecting one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the charger controller 111 . It features a diode (65).

In addition, the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 is applied with a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor control voltage (Vcc) at an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more, and a charger operation control reference voltage through the charger control diode 65 . It is characterized in that the operation of the charger is stopped by changing (Vref2).

In addition, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 has a metal-insulator instantaneous transition characteristic in which the resistance value abruptly changes from several hundred [kΩ] to several tens [Ω] at a temperature of about 70 degrees.

In addition, when the over temperature of about 70 degrees or more occurs, it is characterized in that the braking delay time is within 1.1 [sec].

In addition, in the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, the BLDC motor 10 for driving the smart mobility 90, the inverter 30 for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10, and supplying a control signal to the inverter Inverter control unit 70 - The inverter control unit 70 supplies a gate signal 72 to the inverter 30, and a lithium-ion battery 40 for supplying power to the inverter 30, the lithium-ion A metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the battery 40, and one end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 connected to a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control Voltage (Vcc), the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected to the other end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 - about 70 degrees at the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 When the overtemperature is detected, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, and the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 that determines the operation of the control signal of the inverter control unit 70, the inverter operation control reference voltage ( Vref1) an inverter operation control switch 71 that controls to connect to ground, a first resistor 151 connected to the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor control voltage Vcc, and the first resistor 151 A first capacitor 152 connected to , a Zener diode 153 connected to both ends of the first capacitor 152 , the first resistor 151 , the first capacitor 152 and the Zener diode 153 are reversed The bias circuit 150 is configured, and the reverse bias circuit 150 applies a reverse bias to the gate signal of the inverter operation control switch 71 .

In addition, it characterized in that it includes a battery discharging circuit (60) composed of a discharging resistor (60-1) and a discharging switch (60-2) for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery (40).

In addition, the charger 140 for charging the lithium-ion battery 40 from the AC power source 130 - The charger 140 is composed of a charger power stage 110 and a charger control unit 111, the charger control unit Reference numeral 111 denotes a charger operation control reference voltage Vref2 that determines whether the charging gate signal 112 is generated, and a charger control connecting one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the charger controller 111 . It features a diode (65).

In addition, when the over temperature of about 70 degrees or more is detected, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 , and the discharge switch 60-2 is turned on through the lithium-ion battery The energy of 40 is discharged, and the smart mobility 90 stops due to the inverter operation control switch 71 being turned on, and the charger operation control reference voltage through the charger control diode 65 Because (Vref2) is controlled, charging of the lithium-ion battery 40 is blocked.

In addition, the reverse bias circuit 150 prevents a malfunction of the inverter operation control switch 71 .

In addition, the voltage equation in consideration of the back electromotive force of the BLDC motor 10 is characterized in that the following equation.

: 고정자 전압here,

: stator voltage

: 고정자 전류

: stator current

: 회전자가 회전함에 따라서 각상 코일에 유기되는 전압(역기전력)

: Voltage induced in each phase coil as the rotor rotates (back electromotive force)

: 고정자 저항

: Stator resistance

: 고정자 인덕턴스

: stator inductance

In addition, the on/off operation of the discharge switch 60-2 through the insertion of the first gate series resistor 52 and the first gate parallel resistor 53 into the gate terminal of the discharge switch 60-2 It is characterized in that it is quick and clear.

The battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility proposed in the present invention, first, prevents the battery explosion and fire by discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery at about 70 degrees before the battery explodes and fires, Second, when an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more occurs in a lithium-ion battery, the BLDC motor is stopped to stop the smart mobility so that the driver can know and cope with it. It has a very synergistic effect.

1 is a metal-insulator instantaneous transition phenomenon
2 is a thermocouple thermocouple, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, and a metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor.
3 is a characteristic curve of a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor;
4 is a characteristic curve of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor.
5 is a BLDC motor structure and equivalent circuit
6 is an inverter circuit and an equivalent circuit of a BLDC motor;
7 is a back electromotive force and current waveform of a BLDC motor;
8 is a first embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility according to the present invention
9 is a second embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility according to the present invention
10 is a first embodiment of a battery over-temperature explosion prevention and charging cut-off device for smart mobility according to the present invention
11 is a second embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention and charging cutoff device for smart mobility according to the present invention
12 is a motor stop malfunction prevention circuit in smart mobility according to the present invention
13 is a conventional BLDC motor braking, line-to-line voltage and phase voltage waveform
14 shows the waveforms of the line voltage, phase current, battery discharge current and over temperature signal when braking the BLDC motor with the built-in over temperature protection circuit proposed in the present invention.

1 shows a metal-insulator-transition phenomenon. The characteristics of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor used as the temperature sensor of the present invention are shown. 1(a) shows a Mott insulator having a uniform Coulomb energy (U), and FIG. 1(b) is a phenomenon in which the resistance value is momentarily changed from the insulator to the metal abruptly at the moment when one electron escapes.

2 shows a thermocouple thermocoupler, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, and a metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor. Figure 2 (a) shows a thermocouple thermocouple (Thermo-coupler), Figure 2 (b) shows a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor, Figure 2 (c) is a metal-insulator instantaneous transition (Metal-Insulator-Transition) ) represents the sensor. The thermocouple thermocouple of FIG. 2(a) has very good temperature detection accuracy, but has a disadvantage that it is very expensive. There is a disadvantage that the resistance value change is gentle at a temperature of 70 degrees or more. However, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor of FIG. 2(c) used in the present invention is very inexpensive, and the biggest difference is that the resistance value changes very rapidly due to the metal-insulator instantaneous transition phenomenon at a temperature of 70 degrees. technical characteristics.

3 shows a characteristic curve of a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor. 3, since the change in resistance value at the fire start temperature is very small, it is not very suitable for detecting whether a fire occurs, and there is a problem that an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) circuit is additionally required.

4 shows a characteristic curve of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor. In the case of a metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor, the resistance value rapidly decreases at a temperature of about 70 degrees (67 degrees to be precise). If you actually measure it, the package of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor needs time for heat transfer, so it operates at about 70 degrees, and the change in resistance is from 372.1 [kΩ] at 70 degrees to 44.49 [Ω] at 75 degrees. It could be seen that the rapid Therefore, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition sensor used in the present invention has an advantage in that the price is very low and the resistance value changes rapidly at a temperature of about 70 degrees, which is the temperature before the start of a fire.

5 shows a BLDC motor structure and an equivalent circuit. 5( a ) shows the structure of a BLDC motor. The BLDC motor 10 has a three-phase structure, a three-phase stator winding 21 is disposed on the stator 20, and permanent magnets of N pole and S pole are disposed on the rotor. , its equivalent circuit can be represented as in Fig. 5(b).

6 shows an inverter circuit and an equivalent circuit of a BLDC motor. The BLDC motor 10 is controlled by a 6-step control method that performs control 6 times per cycle, and when the relational expression of the magnet linkage is obtained from FIGS. 5(b) and 6, Equations (1), (2) ) can be expressed as

식(1)

Formula (1)

식(2)

Equation (2)

: 고정자 전압here,

: stator voltage

: 고정자 전류

: stator current

: 고정자 자속

: stator flux

식(3)

Equation (3)

은 각각 고정자 저항, 고정자 인덕턴스, 쇄교자속의 크기를 나타내며 다음의 식(4) 내지 식(6)과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.

represents the magnitude of the stator resistance, the stator inductance, and the flux linkage, respectively, and can be expressed as the following Equations (4) to (6).

식(4)

Equation (4)

식(5)

Equation (5)

식(6)

Equation (6)

: 회전자의 전기적 위치here,

: electrical position of the rotor

: 회전자가 회전함에 따라서 각상 코일에 유기되는 전압(역기전력)

: Voltage induced in each phase coil as the rotor rotates (back electromotive force)

: 영구자석에 의해서 고정자 권선에 유기되는 쇄교자석

: Linkage magnets induced in the stator winding by permanent magnets

Therefore, finally, the back EMF is proportional to the strength of the magnetic flux induced in the stator winding by the rotor, and the voltage equation considering the back EMF can be expressed as Equation (7).

식(7)

Equation (7)

)은 도 7과 같은 파형으로 나타난다. 상기 역기전력은 스마트모빌리티의 주행 시에 일정(一定) 속도로 가속되고, 이후 점차 정지하면서 모터가 발전기로 동작하면서 생성되는 발전전압을 의미한다. 7 shows the back electromotive force and current waveforms of the BLDC motor. Therefore, in the case of the BLDC motor 10, the counter electromotive force (

) is shown as a waveform as shown in FIG. 7 . The counter electromotive force refers to a generated voltage generated while the motor operates as a generator while accelerating at a constant speed during driving of smart mobility and then gradually stopping.

)에 의해서 리튬-이온 배터리(40)의 과전압이 발생되는 경우이다. 따라서 본 발명에서는 이러한 2가지 문제점을 해결하는 방안으로 리튬-이온 배터리(40)의 과전압의 발생에 의해서 과온도가 발생되면, 스마트모빌리티를 정지시키는 것과 동시에 리튬-이온 배터리(40)의 과전압을 효과적으로 방전시키는 방법을 제안하고 이를 가장 큰 기술적 특징으로 한다.There are two cases that are the most problematic in the battery of smart mobility. First, when the lithium-ion battery is in an over-charging state by the charger and overvoltage occurs in the lithium-ion battery 40, Second, the back electromotive force of the BLDC motor 10 (

) is a case in which an overvoltage of the lithium-ion battery 40 is generated. Therefore, in the present invention, as a way to solve these two problems, when overtemperature occurs due to overvoltage of the lithium-ion battery 40, smart mobility is stopped and the overvoltage of the lithium-ion battery 40 is effectively controlled at the same time. A method of discharging is proposed and this is the biggest technical feature.

8 shows a first embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility according to the present invention. In FIG. 8 , a BLDC motor 10 is provided to drive the smart mobility 90 such as an electric kickboard. In general, the BLDC motor 10 is provided on the rear wheel, but if necessary, it may also be provided with both the front wheel and the rear wheel. A device for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10 is an inverter 30 , and an inverter control unit 70 for supplying a control signal to the inverter is disposed. The inverter control unit 70 supplies the gate signal 72 to the inverter 30, and in FIG. 7, six power switches of the inverter 30 are controlled in 6-steps. . The energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 supplies power to the inverter 30 to drive the smart mobility 90 .

In the present invention, an object of the present invention is to solve the occurrence of overtemperature in the lithium-ion battery 40, and in particular, in the lithium-ion battery 40, first, when an overvoltage is applied by charging, second, the BLDC motor The biggest purpose is to intensively solve the problem of over-temperature occurring due to two cases in which over-voltage is applied by counter electromotive force.

Therefore, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperatures of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 The sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are all connected in parallel.

When the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 change from a temperature of 70 degrees to a temperature of 75 degrees, the resistance value is abruptly changed from 372.1 [kΩ] to 44.49 [Ω]. is changed The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are dispersedly arranged in various parts of the battery, and are characterized in that they can detect heat in each part. In addition, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 and the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series are the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4. When an overtemperature is detected in a specific metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 . The battery discharge circuit 60 for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is composed of a discharge resistor 60-1 and a discharge switch 60-2, and controls the control signal operation of the inverter control unit 70. Inverter operation control for blocking the generation of the gate signal 72 of the inverter control unit 70 by controlling the determined inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 and the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 to be connected to ground A switch 71 is disposed.

When a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 , the discharge switch 60 - 2 is turned on, and at the same time, the inverter operation control switch 71 is turned on. Accordingly, the BLDC motor 10 is stopped, and the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is consumed by the discharge resistor 60-1.

9 shows a second embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device for smart mobility according to the present invention. The circuit of FIG. 9 is generally very similar to that of FIG. 8, except that in the series connection between the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the discharge switch 60-2, the first gate series resistor 52 and A first gate parallel resistor 53 is disposed, and in the connection between the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the inverter operation control switch 71 , the second gate series resistor 54 and the second gate parallel resistor ( 55) is arranged as a technical feature. In particular, the first and second gate series resistors 52 and 54 are resistors that prevent overcurrent from being applied to the discharge switch 60-2 and the inverter operation control switch 71, and the first and second gate parallel resistors Reference numerals 53 and 55 indicate that the electric charge stored between the discharge switch 60-2 and the gate capacitor Cgs of the inverter operation control switch 71 is rapidly discharged to turn on and turn off. off) is a resistor that allows it to be turned off quickly.

In the present invention, the discharge switch 60-2 and the inverter operation control switch 71 are inserted through the first and second gate series resistors 52 and 54 and the first and second gate parallel resistors 53 and 55. ) is characterized by fast and clear on/off operation.

10 shows a first embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention and charging cutoff device for smart mobility according to the present invention. In FIG. 10 , a BLDC motor 10 is provided to drive the smart mobility 90 such as an electric kickboard. In general, the BLDC motor 10 is provided on the rear wheel, but if necessary, it may also be provided with both the front wheel and the rear wheel. A device for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10 is an inverter 30 , and an inverter control unit 70 for supplying a control signal to the inverter is disposed. The inverter control unit 70 supplies the gate signal 72 to the inverter 30, and in FIG. 7, six power switches of the inverter 30 are controlled in 6-steps. . The energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 supplies power to the inverter 30 to drive the smart mobility 90 .

In the present invention, an object of the present invention is to solve the occurrence of overtemperature in the lithium-ion battery 40, and in particular, in the lithium-ion battery 40, first, when an overvoltage is applied by charging, second, the BLDC motor The biggest purpose is to intensively solve the problem of over-temperature occurring due to two cases in which over-voltage is applied by counter electromotive force.

Therefore, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperatures of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 The sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are all connected in parallel.

The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 have resistance values abruptly changed from 372.1 [kΩ] at 75 degrees to 44.49 [Ω] at 70 degrees at a temperature of 70 degrees. . The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are dispersedly arranged in various parts of the battery, and are characterized in that they can detect heat in each part. In addition, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 and the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series are the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4. When an overtemperature is detected in a specific temperature sensor, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 . The battery discharge circuit 60 for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is composed of a discharge resistor 60-1 and a discharge switch 60-2, and controls the control signal operation of the inverter control unit 70. Inverter operation control for blocking the generation of the gate signal 72 of the inverter control unit 70 by controlling the determined inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 and the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 to be connected to ground A switch 71 is disposed.

When a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 , the discharge switch 60 - 2 is turned on, and at the same time, the inverter operation control switch 71 is turned on. Accordingly, the BLDC motor 10 is stopped, and the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is consumed by the discharge resistor 60-1. In addition, the lithium-ion battery 40 is charged from the AC power source 130 through the charger 140 . The charger 140 is composed of a power stage 110 of the charger and a charger control unit 111, and the charger control unit 111 supplies the charger gate signal 112 to the charger power stage 110 to thereby provide a charger ( 140) is operated, and the lithium-ion battery 40 is charged from the AC power source 130 . The charger control unit 111 generates a charger operation control reference voltage Vref2, and through the charger control diode 65 connected to one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, the charger operation control reference voltage Vref2 ), when the voltage at one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 is generated to be higher than the charger operation control reference voltage Vref2, the charger control unit 111 controls the charger gate The supply of the signal 112 is cut off, and the operation of the charger 140 is blocked. Accordingly, when an overtemperature is detected in the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50, a voltage is generated at one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, and through this, the inverter operation control switch 71 ) is turned on (Turn-on) to stop the BLDC motor 10, and since the discharging switch 60-2 is turned on (Turn-on), the energy of the lithium ion battery 40 is transferred to the discharging resistor 60-1 ), and the charging operation of the charger 140 is blocked because the charger operation control reference voltage Vref2 is controlled through the charger control diode 65 . Therefore, when the occurrence of overtemperature of the battery is detected in the smart mobility 90, first, the smart mobility is stopped, second, the lithium-ion battery is discharged, and third, three operations of blocking the battery charging can be performed. It is the biggest technical feature.

11 shows a second embodiment of the battery overtemperature explosion prevention and charging cutoff device for smart mobility according to the present invention. The circuit of FIG. 11 is generally very similar to that of FIG. 10, except that, in the series connection between the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the discharge switch 60-2, the first gate series resistor 52 and A first gate parallel resistor 53 is disposed, and in the connection between the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the inverter operation control switch 71 , the second gate series resistor 54 and the second gate parallel resistor ( 55) is arranged as a technical feature. In particular, the first and second gate series resistors 52 and 54 are resistors that prevent overcurrent from being applied to the discharge switch 60-2 and the inverter operation control switch 71, and the first and second gate parallel resistors Reference numerals 53 and 55 indicate that the electric charge stored between the discharge switch 60-2 and the gate capacitor Cgs of the inverter operation control switch 71 is rapidly discharged to turn on and turn off. off) is a resistor that allows it to be turned off quickly.

In the present invention, the discharge switch 60-2 and the inverter operation control switch 71 are inserted through the first and second gate series resistors 52 and 54 and the first and second gate parallel resistors 53 and 55. ) is characterized by fast and clear on/off operation.

12 shows a motor stop malfunction prevention circuit in smart mobility according to the present invention. Metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - First to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperatures of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 The sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are all connected in parallel.

The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 have resistance values abruptly changed from 372.1 [kΩ] at 75 degrees to 44.49 [Ω] at 70 degrees at a temperature of 70 degrees. . The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are dispersedly arranged in various parts of the battery, and are characterized in that they can detect heat in each part. In addition, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 and the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series are the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4. When an overtemperature is detected in a specific temperature sensor, a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 . The battery discharge circuit 60 for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is composed of a discharge resistor 60-1 and a discharge switch 60-2, and controls the control signal operation of the inverter control unit 70. Inverter operation control for blocking the generation of the gate signal 72 of the inverter control unit 70 by controlling the determined inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 and the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 to be connected to ground A switch 71 is disposed.

The metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc) connected to one end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50, the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc) connected to One resistor 151 , a first capacitor 152 connected to the first resistor 151 , and a Zener diode 153 connected to both ends of the first capacitor 152 are connected. Here, the first resistor 151 , the first capacitor 152 , and the Zener diode 153 constitute a reverse bias circuit. One end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 is connected to a gate terminal of the inverter operation control switch 71 , and a contact point between the first resistor 151 and the first capacitor 152 is the inverter The biggest feature is that it is connected to the source terminal of the operation control switch 71 . Through this, the reverse bias circuit applies a reverse bias to the gate signal of the inverter operation control switch 71 . Therefore, as for the gate signal of the inverter operation control switch 71, for example, +15 [V] is applied during turn-on, and -2.5 [V] is applied during turn-off. characterized by being Through this, when turning off the gate signal of the inverter operation control switch 71, a reverse bias voltage of -2.5 [V] is applied, so it is best to prevent malfunction when the motor is stopped in smart mobility. with great features.

13 shows waveforms of line voltage and phase voltage when braking a conventional BLDC motor. In the case of the conventional BLDC motor, when there is no battery discharge circuit 60 composed of the discharge resistor 60-1 and the discharge switch 60-2, the line voltage and phase current waveforms are shown. Therefore, in case of over temperature of 70 degrees or more (Breaking cond.), the braking delay time of 2.4 [sec] is required.

14 shows the waveforms of the line voltage, phase current, battery discharge current and over temperature signal when braking the BLDC motor with the built-in over temperature protection circuit proposed in the present invention. In FIG. 14, when there is a battery discharging circuit 60 composed of a discharging resistor 60-1 and a discharging switch 60-2 and an overtemperature of 70 degrees or more occurs, the discharging resistor 60-1 It can be seen that the lithium-ion battery 40 discharges the energy and requires a braking delay time of 1.1 [sec].

In the experimental waveforms of FIGS. 13 and 14, V _L : BLDC motor line voltage [V], Ip: BLDC motor phase current [A], I _DIS : discharge current [A] in the discharge resistance, Vover Temp: over temperature signal of 70 degrees or more indicates The battery discharging circuit 60 composed of the discharging resistor 60-1 and the discharging switch 60-2 consumes the counter electromotive force shown in Equation (7) and FIG. 7 . Therefore, in the absence of the battery discharging circuit 60, a braking delay time of 2.4 [sec] is required, but in the case of the battery discharging circuit 60, a braking delay time of 1.1 [sec] (or less) is required Therefore, it can be confirmed that the braking delay time of the motor is reduced to 54.16 [%].

The smart mobility 90 operates at a speed of 25 [km] or less per hour, and is stopped by the inertia of the smart mobility 90 . Therefore, when an over temperature of 70 degrees or more occurs in the lithium-ion battery 40, the battery discharging circuit 60 composed of the discharging resistor 60-1 and the discharging switch 60-2 is the smart mobility 90 It can be confirmed that it stops safely and quickly.

Therefore, in the present invention, in the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, the BLDC motor 10 for driving the smart mobility 90; an inverter 30 for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10; an inverter control unit (70) for supplying a control signal to the inverter - the inverter control unit (70) supplies a gate signal (72) to the inverter (30); a lithium-ion battery 40 for supplying power to the inverter 30; a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40; When an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more is detected in the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 and the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series with the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50, the temperature sensor a voltage is applied to the operation detection resistor 51; a battery discharging circuit (60) comprising a discharging resistor (60-1) and a discharging switch (60-2) for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery (40); an inverter operation control reference voltage (Vref1) for determining an operation of a control signal of the inverter controller (70); an inverter operation control switch 71 for controlling the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 to be connected to ground; When a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51, the discharge switch 60-2 is turned on, and at the same time, the inverter operation control switch 71 is turned on. The energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is consumed in the discharge resistor 60-1, and the smart mobility 90 is stopped to propose a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device.

In addition, in the present invention, in the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit ( 50) of the first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 are all connected in parallel; a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc) connected to one end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50; Temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected to the other end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 - When overtemperature is detected in the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50, the temperature sensor a voltage is applied to the operation detection resistor 51; a battery discharging circuit 60 comprising a discharging resistor 60-1 and a discharging switch 60-2 connected between the (+) terminal and the (-) terminal of the lithium-ion battery 40; When a voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 at an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more, the discharge switch 60-2 is turned on, and the energy of the lithium-ion battery 40 is consumed in the discharge resistor 60-1; The first to fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 have a resistance value of several hundred [kΩ] to several tens [Ω] abruptly at the moment when one electron exits at a temperature of about 70 degrees. To propose a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that it has a change metal-insulator instantaneous transition characteristic.

Finally, in the present invention, in the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, the BLDC motor 10 for driving the smart mobility 90; an inverter 30 for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10; an inverter control unit (70) for supplying a control signal to the inverter - the inverter control unit (70) supplies a gate signal (72) to the inverter (30); a lithium-ion battery 40 for supplying power to the inverter 30; a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40; a metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc) connected to one end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50; Temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected to the other end of the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 - The metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit 50 detects an over temperature of about 70 degrees or more when the voltage is applied to the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51; an inverter operation control reference voltage (Vref1) for determining an operation of a control signal of the inverter controller (70); an inverter operation control switch 71 for controlling the inverter operation control reference voltage Vref1 to be connected to ground; a first resistor (151) connected to the metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit control voltage (Vcc); a first capacitor 152 connected to the first resistor 151; a Zener diode 153 connected across the first capacitor 152;

the first resistor (151), the first capacitor (152) and the Zener diode (153) constitute a reverse bias circuit (150); The reverse bias circuit 150 intends to propose a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that the reverse bias is applied to the gate signal of the inverter operation control switch 71 .

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention can be applied to a battery overtemperature explosion prevention device by various modifications by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is technically easily modified It should be recognized that the scope of the technology to be used is also included in the scope of this patent.

10: BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motor
20: stator
21: three-phase stator winding
22: permanent magnet rotor
30: inverter
40: lithium-ion battery
50: metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor unit
50-1: first metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor
50-2: second metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor
50-3: third metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor
50-4: fourth metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor
51: temperature sensor operation detection resistance
52: first gate series resistance
53: first gate parallel resistance
54: second gate series resistance
55: second gate parallel resistance
60: battery discharge circuit
60-1: discharge resistance
60-2: discharge switch
65: charger control diode
70: inverter control unit
71: inverter operation control switch
72: inverter gate signal
90: smart mobility
100: BLDC motor control unit
110: charger power stage
111: charger control unit
112: charger gate signal
130: AC power
140: charger
150: reverse bias circuit
151: first resistor
152: first capacitor
153: zener diode
Ea: back electromotive force
Ls: stator inductance
i _as : a-phase stator current
i _bs : b-phase stator current
i _cs : c-phase stator current
Rs: Stator resistance
U: Coulomb energy
Va : a-phase voltage
Vb : b-phase voltage
Vc: c-phase voltage
Vcc: metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor part control voltage
VREF1 : Inverter operation control reference voltage
VREF2 : Charger operation control reference voltage
ω _r : rotational speed
θ _r : angle between stator and rotor

Claims (14)

In the battery overtemperature explosion prevention device,
BLDC motor 10 for driving the smart mobility 90;
an inverter 30 for controlling the speed of the BLDC motor 10;
an inverter control unit (70) for supplying a control signal to the inverter - the inverter control unit (70) supplies a gate signal (72) to the inverter (30);
an inverter operation control switch 71 for determining an operation of the inverter control unit 70;
a lithium-ion battery 40 for driving the smart mobility 90 by supplying power to the inverter 30;
a charger 140 for charging the lithium-ion battery 40;
A plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 for detecting the temperature of the lithium-ion battery 40 - The plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50- 4) one end is connected to the control voltage Vcc;
a temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 connected in series with the plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4;
a discharge resistor (60-1) for discharging the energy of the lithium-ion battery (40);
a discharge switch (60-2) for determining the flow of current in the discharge resistor (60-1);
a charger power stage 110 located inside the charger 140 and supplying power from the AC power source 130 to the lithium-ion battery 40;
a charger control unit 111 for controlling the charger power stage 110;
When overtemperature is detected in a specific metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor among the plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4, the inverter operation control switch 71 is turned off ( Off) to stop the rotation of the BLDC motor 10;
When overtemperature is detected in the specific metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor, the lithium-ion battery 40 is discharged by turning on the discharge switch 60-2. dissipated in resistor 60-1;
When an overtemperature is detected in the specific metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensor, the lithium-ion battery is turned off by turning off the charger power stage 110 through the charger control unit 111 . stop charging (40);
a first resistor 150 and a first capacitor 152 disposed between one end of the plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 and a ground terminal;
a Zener diode 153 positioned between one end of the first capacitor 152 and a ground terminal;
The Zener diode 153 ensures a turn-off operation of the inverter control unit 70 by applying a reverse bias to the gate terminal of the inverter operation control switch 71 . Battery overtemperature explosion prevention device with
2. The method of claim 1,
The plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors (50-1 to 50-4) are battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that dispersedly arranged in various places of the battery
2. The method of claim 1,
The charger control unit 111 includes a charger operation control reference voltage Vref2 that determines whether a charging gate signal 112 is generated;
Battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that the charger control diode 65 connecting one end of the temperature sensor operation detection resistor 51 and the charger control unit 111
2. The method of claim 1,
The plurality of metal-insulator instantaneous transition temperature sensors 50-1 to 50-4 have a metal-insulator instantaneous transition characteristic in which the resistance value abruptly changes from several hundred [kΩ] to several tens [Ω] at a temperature of about 70 degrees. Battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that
2. The method of claim 1,
Battery overtemperature explosion prevention device, characterized in that when the over temperature of about 70 degrees or more occurs, the braking delay time is within 1.1 [sec] delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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