KR102325565B1 - method for drawing optimal escape route from fire - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for deriving an optimal fire escape route. According to the present invention, in the event of a building fire, various IoT sensors are used to comprehensively consider risk factors such as intra-building temperature, visible distance, toxic gas concentration, and occupant density. Each risk factor is given an appropriate weight, an optimal escape route is derived for each room, and then an optimal escape route notification is given to an occupant smartphone or the like. The method includes: (a) a step in which a central control server storing corridor area or length for each building floor, emergency exit count, and escape route for each room determines whether a fire has occurred by periodically receiving detection signals from building room occupant and fire detection sensor modules and a monitoring sensor module installed at an interval in a corridor and detecting visible distance, temperature, and toxic gas concentration at that point; (b) a step of checking the occupant count for each room based on the detection signal from the occupant detection sensor module in the event of a fire occurrence determination; (c) a step of calculating a risk factor for each of the visible distance, temperature, toxic gas concentration, and occupant density; and (d) a step of calculating a risk score for each escape route in accordance with the result of weighting of each risk factor and then deriving the escape route with the minimum risk score as the optimal escape route.

Description

Method for drawing optimal escape route from fire

The present invention relates to a method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire. In particular, when a building fire occurs, various IoT sensors are used to comprehensively consider risk coefficients such as building interior temperature, visible distance, toxic gas concentration, and occupant density, but each risk coefficient It relates to a method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire that is notified through a occupant's smartphone after deriving an optimal escape route for each room by assigning appropriate weights to

A typical building fire alarm system detects a fire through a wired sensor device and provides fire alarm information to a user. The emergency extinguishing system performs emergency extinguishing by operating extinguishing equipment such as sprinklers when a fire is detected.

The conventional fire alarm technology uses a sensor network and a cable broadcasting network. This prior art recognizes whether there is a fire through each node of the sensor network, and promptly informs apartment complex residents of the fact that a fire has occurred through an IPTV screen placed in the home or through a cable broadcasting network.

However, the conventional fire alarm technology has a problem in that it cannot suggest an escape route by simply notifying the fact that a fire has occurred or the location of an emergency exit.

In view of the above-described problems, in the following prior art 1, sensor data (eg, temperature, flame, smoke, toxic gas) and routing information (location information) of a wireless sensor/control node are collected to determine whether a fire has occurred, and Disclosed are a fire alarm/route providing service server and method using a wireless sensor network that provides a user with a fire alarm as well as a movement route (for example, an escape route or a rescue route) that is the shortest distance from the user's current location in the event of a fire has been

However, prior art 1 is supposed to suggest the shortest escape route from the current location of the occupants in the event of a building fire or an escape route with relatively less fire or toxic gas, but mainly discloses a technology in terms of hardware related to a wireless sensor network. However, it does not provide a specific method for deriving the optimal escape route from the current location of the occupant.

In the following prior art 2, after deriving an optimal escape route from building map information and an escape route algorithm based on fire information received through TCP/IP communication with a repeater from a plurality of sensors included in a building when a fire occurs, UDP communication A three-dimensional path providing system and method according to the occurrence of a fire that provide a three-dimensional escape route by transmitting a control command to an expression device installed in a building through the

Specifically, in Prior Art 2, the size, range, or spread of a fire is predicted according to the degree of response (operation) of various types of fire detection sensors, and in addition, a plurality of fires are predicted according to the degree of occurrence of a fire or proximity to the location of the fire. The optimal escape route is calculated by giving different weights to the movement routes of .

However, in Prior Art 2, the visibility distance or density of occupants on the escape route, which are very important factors for safe escape in the event of a building fire, are not considered in the escape route derivation process, and appropriate weights are given to various risk factors affecting the human body. There was a problem in that the reliability of the escape route derivation result was lowered.

In the following prior art 3, different types of fire detection sensors are used as nodes and the weight value of the corresponding node is given differently depending on the size of the detection signal transmitted from each node, and the total sum of the weight values of each node thus assigned is the minimum path. is determined as the shortest route and guides the user.

However, in the prior art 3 described above, because the shortest path is calculated based on the monitoring results inside each room or compartment rather than the corridor (passage), which is the escape path, the reliability of the shortest path calculation result is low, and the shortest path calculation process is relatively There was a problem of complexity.

Prior Art 1: 10-0789912 Registered Patent Publication (Title of the invention: Fire alarm/route providing service server and method using wireless sensor network) Prior Art 2: Patent Publication No. 10-1840560 (Title of the Invention: System and method for providing a three-dimensional path according to the occurrence of a fire) Prior Art 3: 10-1923151 Registered Patent Publication (Title of the Invention: IoT-based intelligent disaster evacuation system and method)

The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and when a building fire occurs, various IoT sensors are used to comprehensively consider risk factors such as building interior temperature, visible distance, toxic gas concentration, and occupant density, but with appropriate weights for each risk factor After deriving the optimal escape route for each room by giving the

The method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire of the present invention for achieving the above object is a central control server storing the area or length of the corridor of each floor of the building, the number of emergency exits, and the escape route of each room in the room of the building. It determines whether a fire has occurred by periodically collecting detection signals from the installed occupant detection sensor module and fire detection sensor module, and a monitoring sensor module installed at intervals in the hallway to detect the visible distance, temperature, and toxic gas concentration at the point. (a) step; (b) checking the number of occupants in each room based on a detection signal from the occupant detection sensor module when it is determined that a fire has occurred; After calculating the risk score for each escape route according to the step (c) of calculating the risk coefficient for each of the visibility distance, temperature, toxic gas concentration and occupant density, and assigning weights to each risk coefficient, the minimum risk and (d) deriving an escape route having a score as an optimal escape route.

In the above configuration, the risk factor is calculated by reflecting the escape method and whether a sprinkler or an emergency exit is installed.

When calculating the risk score, different weights are given in the order of visibility, temperature, toxic gas concentration, occupant density, and whether or not a sprinkler is installed.

When calculating the risk score for each escape route, the entire escape route is divided into unit sections and the risk score is calculated and then summed, but the unit section for each unit section is determined according to the installation interval of the monitoring sensor module.

에 의해 산출되되, W는 가중치를 나타내고, RI는 위험도 계수를 나타내며, L은 전체 탈출 경로에서의 각 단위 구간을 나타낸다.the risk score

, where W denotes a weight, RI denotes a risk factor, and L denotes each unit section in the entire escape route.

According to the method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire of the present invention, when a building fire occurs, various IoT sensors are used to comprehensively consider risk factors such as building internal temperature, visible distance, toxic gas concentration, and occupant density, but appropriate for each risk factor. By deriving the optimal escape route for each room by assigning weights, the process of deriving an escape route is relatively simple and the reliability of the result of deriving an escape route can be improved.

1 is a network configuration diagram of an optimal path derivation system for escaping from a fire according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an arrangement state of each sensor module in FIG. 1 .
3 is a functional block diagram of each sensor module in the system for deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is a flow chart for explaining the method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire according to the present invention.
5 is a graph showing the relationship between density and movement speed according to the presence or absence of movement direction when a fire occurs.
6 is a view exemplarily showing an optimal escape route in the method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the method for deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a network configuration diagram of an optimal path derivation system for escaping from a fire according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement state of each sensor module in FIG. 1 .

1 and 2, the system for deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire of the present invention is largely defined in each compartment space of a building, for example, a room, a living room, an office, a conference room and a warehouse (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'room '.) (R) installed to detect the number of people in the room (R) occupant detection sensor module (100a), installed in the room (R) of the building fire detection sensor module to detect whether a fire has occurred (100b), a plurality of monitoring sensor modules (100c) installed at intervals in the passage or corridor (P) of the building to monitor the visible distance, temperature, and carbon monoxide concentration of the corresponding point, each sensor module (100) in case of fire After deriving an optimal escape route based on the received detection signal, the central control server 300 and each transmitting it to the user terminal 400 inside the building, for example, the mobile communication terminal and the fire center server 500 After periodically receiving a detection signal from the sensor module 100 , the relay gateway 200 may be transmitted to the central control server 300 .

In the above configuration, the occupant detection sensor module 100a may be implemented as, for example, a Bluetooth sensor module installed in a proper place in each room, and a user terminal residing in the corresponding room, for example, a mobile communication terminal such as a smartphone. It communicates with the Bluetooth communication module provided in the room to detect the number of people in the room. The occupant detection sensor module 100a may be given an ID uniquely identifiable in the corresponding building, for example, a unique ID matching the ID of each floor and each room of the corresponding building.

The fire detection sensor module 100b is generally disposed in each room (R) and is an automatic fire detection facility such as a smoke detection sensor, a heat detection sensor, or a flame detection sensor that automatically detects whether or not a fire occurs. And it can be installed in accordance with the fire safety standards (NFSC 203) of the visual alarm device. The fire detection sensor module 100b may be given an ID uniquely identifiable in the building, for example, a unique ID matching the ID of each floor and each room of the building.

Each monitoring sensor module 100c may include, for example, a visible distance sensor, a temperature sensor and a CO sensor. can Since the visible distance sensor may be implemented as a known photoelectric sensor, and a temperature sensor and a CO sensor may also be implemented as a known sensor, further detailed description will be omitted. In FIG. 2 , E1 and E2 denote emergency exits (escape exits) installed in a building.

3 is a functional block diagram of each sensor module in the system for deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , each sensor module 100 typically communicates with the corresponding sensor unit 102 and the relay gateway 200 , for example, Zigbee, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth communication, such as short-range wireless communication or low-power communication. The communication unit 106 that performs NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) communication, and a control unit that gives a unique ID to a detection signal from the corresponding sensor unit 102 and transmits it to the relay gateway 200 through the communication unit 106 104 and a power source 108 for supplying power to each of these units.

On the other hand, in the central control server 300, the number of floors of the building, whether sprinklers or emergency exit guidance lights are installed, the area or length of the corridor (passage) on each floor, the number of emergency exits, and the escape route of each room, for example, direct escape or corridor Escape routes such as escaping through are stored, and for this purpose, it is preferable to store building map information for the corresponding building.

This building map information may include a plurality of rooms (R), exits (E), and corridors (P) information of each floor of the building, and the central control server 300 detects a signal from each sensor module 100 . After deriving an optimal escape route for each occupant based on the building map information for each occupant, it can be provided to the user terminal of each occupant in the form of a guidance video or voice guidance.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire according to the present invention, and is performed mainly by a central control server.

As shown in FIG. 4, in step S100, various basic information about the corresponding building is input. Such basic information includes the number of floors of the corresponding building, whether sprinklers or emergency exit guide lights are installed, the area or length of the corridor (passage) of each floor, The number of emergency exits and escape routes of each room, for example, escape routes such as direct escape or escape through a hallway, may be included, and further, building map information for the corresponding building may be stored in advance.

Next, in steps S110 and S120 , after receiving a periodic detection signal from each sensor module 100 through the relay gateway 200 , it is analyzed to determine whether a fire has occurred, and detection from each sensor module 100 is performed. The signal collection period may be set differently according to the type of the corresponding sensor module.

Table 1 below is a table showing performance-oriented design methods and standards (MPSS, 2016) for firefighting facilities, etc. As can be seen from Table 1, in the event of a building fire, the breathing height limit is 1.8 m from the floor, the temperature limit is 60 °C, and the visibility limit is approximately 5 m.

As a gas component limit, it should be 1,400 ppm for carbon monoxide (CO), _{15% or more for oxygen (O 2} ), and 5% or less for carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ).

On the other hand, when a fire occurs in a building, the factors that increase the risk of occupants are very diverse, but as can be seen in Table 2 below, the factors (risk factors) that directly affect people in general are the internal temperature of the building, carbon monoxide (CO), etc. There may be toxic gas and line of sight.

As shown in Table 2, when the internal temperature of a building fire reaches 60℃, the occupants suffer from high fever, and if 82℃ continues, the survival time is about 49 minutes. can be avoided

Next, in the case of carbon monoxide (CO), if it is 50 ppm or less, it does not have much effect on the health of the occupants, but if it is 50 to 100 ppm, it starts to affect the health of the occupants. If it is 3,200~12,600ppm, there is a high possibility of losing consciousness within 30 minutes, and if it is more than 12,600ppm, there is a high possibility of death within 3 minutes.

Lastly, in the case of visible distance, the minimum movement speed in a dark place, the minimum movement speed when irritating smoke exists and the visibility distance is 5m, and the minimum movement speed when non-irritating smoke exists and the visibility distance is 2.5m is approximately 0.3 m/s.

On the other hand, the number of people inside the building there is associated with the moving speed of jaesilja building in case of fire, in particular jaesilja density, defined as number jaesilja per m ² will have a significant effect on the movement speed of the jaesilja. Table 3 below shows the movement speed according to the density of occupants in the event of a fire.

As can be seen in Table 3, if the occupant density is less than 0.8, there is no restriction on the movement speed, so you can move freely. It decreases further to ~1.0 m/s, and if it is 4.0 or higher, it becomes almost immobile.

Furthermore, when a building fire occurs, the moving speed of occupants is also greatly affected by the moving direction. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the density and the moving speed according to the presence or absence of the moving direction when a fire occurs.

As shown in Fig. 5, when the occupants move (evacuate) in a certain direction when a building fire occurs, the movement speed starts to decrease at a density of 3 or more, and the movement speed decreases rapidly at a density of 4 or more, but when the occupants move right and left , that is, in the case of moving (evacuation) without direction, the moving speed rapidly decreases even at a density of about 2.5 or 3.

Returning to FIG. 4 again, in step S130, the number of occupants in each room inside the building is checked, and in the subsequent step S140, an optimal escape route is derived by comprehensively considering the visibility distance, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and occupant density, step S140 In S150, the optimal escape route derived in this way is audio-visually notified (guidance) to the occupants and the relevant terminal 400, and the fire center server 500 is notified to help save lives.

Table 4 below is a table showing the risk index (Risk Index) obtained by quantifying various risk factors affecting the human body when a building fire occurs in the method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire of the present invention.

As can be seen from Table 4 above, various variables of the corresponding building are also reflected in the risk coefficient according to the method of deriving the optimal route of the present invention, for example, there may be an escape method, the presence of an emergency exit guide light, or a sprinkler.

First, escape method variables include direct escape from a room such as a shopping mall on the first floor, escape using a hallway such as an office on the first floor, escape using a ramp or stairs, and escape using an elevator such as a store or office on the second floor or higher. .

If there is an emergency exit guide light, the risk factor can be given relatively low because it helps the occupants recognize the escape route, and even if there is a sprinkler, it reduces the temperature or carbon monoxide concentration, thereby contributing to an increase in the occupant's survival time. Although the coefficient can be given relatively low, it is desirable not to increase the weight compared to other risk factors when deriving the optimal escape route.

On the other hand, since it is unreasonable to treat each risk coefficient the same when deriving the optimal escape route, it is desirable to assign different weights). A seven-step Likert scale of weighting may be applied, or a five-step scale, which is one of the psychological test response scales used in surveys, may be applied.

On the other hand, when calculating the risk score for each escape route in case of a building fire, the length of the evacuation route from one place in the building to the emergency exit is generally important. It is common to calculate the escape time using the entire length of the selected escape route, but in reality, Uncertainties exist, such as the spread of a fire on the shortest escape route selected or the movement of the fire along the escape route.

In consideration of this, it is preferable to calculate the risk score by dividing the escape length into unit sections rather than the entire escape route length, for example, by 5m units, and furthermore, these unit sections are divided according to the installation interval of the monitoring sensor module 100c. It is preferable to determine

Equation 1 below is a risk score (RS) calculation formula in the method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire of the present invention.

In Equation 1, W represents a weight, RI represents a risk index, and L represents each unit section in the entire escape route.

6 is a diagram for exemplarily explaining a process of deriving an optimal escape route in a method of deriving an optimal route for escaping from a fire. As shown in FIG. 6 , when two escape routes exist in an arbitrary room of a building, a risk score for each escape route may be derived from Tables 6 and 7 below.

In Tables 6 and 7, when it is assumed that the densities of both the first moving path Route 1 and the second moving path Route 2 are equal to 2.0 and moving in one direction, according to FIG. 5 , the moving speed is 1.37 m It can be seen that /s becomes

6, Tables 6 and 7, although the total distance (escape time) of the first escape route (Route 1) leading to the first emergency exit (E1) from the position of the occupant is the second leading to the second emergency exit (E2) Even if it is much shorter than the total distance of the second escape route (Route 2), according to the escape route derivation method of the present invention, the risk score of the second escape route (Route 2) is lower than the risk score of the first escape route (Route 1). 2 An escape route (Route 2) is derived as an optimal escape route.

And the central control server 300 audio-visually expresses the optimal escape route derived in this way or, in addition, the escape time and risk level for each escape route through the occupant's smartphone 400, if necessary, the fire center server 500 ) is also transmitted.

Above, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the method for deriving an optimal path for escaping from a fire of the present invention has been described in detail, but this is only an example, and various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention. will be. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be defined by the description of the following claims.

For example, the aforementioned various numerical values or reference values, weights for risk coefficients, etc. may be appropriately changed.

100: sensor module, 102: sensor unit,
104: control unit, 106: communication unit,
108: power, 100a: occupant detection sensor module;
100b: fire detection sensor module, 100c: monitoring sensor module,
200: relay gateway, 300: central control server,
400: user terminal, 500: fire center server

Claims (5)

The central control server, which stores the area or length of the corridor on each floor of the building, the number of emergency exits, and the escape route for each room, is installed at a distance in the hallway and the occupant detection sensor module and fire detection sensor module installed in the room of the building. (a) determining whether a fire has occurred by periodically collecting a detection signal from a monitoring sensor module that detects the visible distance, temperature, and toxic gas concentration in the ?
(b) confirming the number of occupants in each room based on a detection signal from the occupant detection sensor module when it is determined that a fire has occurred;
(c) calculating the risk factor for each visibility distance, temperature, concentration of toxic gas, whether sprinklers are installed, and density of occupants; and
Including the step of (d) deriving the escape route with the minimum risk score as the optimal escape route after calculating the risk score for each escape route in the hallway for each room according to the result of assigning each weight to each risk coefficient done,
The occupant detection sensor module consists of a Bluetooth sensor module installed in each room of the building.
When calculating the risk score, different weights are given in the order of visibility, temperature, toxic gas concentration, occupant density, and sprinkler installation.
When calculating the risk score for each escape route, the entire escape route is divided into unit sections and the risk score is calculated and then summed, but each unit section is determined according to the installation interval of the monitoring sensor module. How to derive the optimal escape route. The method according to claim 1,
A method of deriving an optimal escape route for escaping from a fire, characterized in that the risk factor is calculated by reflecting the escape method or whether an emergency exit is installed. delete delete The method according to claim 1 or 2,
the risk score

, wherein W represents a weight, RI represents a risk factor, and L represents each unit section in the entire escape route.

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