KR102239029B1 - 3D printer and 3D model printing method based on material extrusion type - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, in the 3D printer of the material extrusion method, the filament raw material is melted, the metal nanoparticles are mixed with the molten filament raw material in a predetermined ratio, and the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the whole mixed material is adjusted to X Mixed filament materials manufactured to adjust the absorbance of the ray, and the absorbance of the adjusted X-ray is set according to the absorption of each part of the human body; A material spool for receiving the mixed material filament materials; An output plate for supporting a 3D model formed by agglomerating the melted material in which at least one of the mixed filament materials is selectively melted; Nozzles receiving each of the filament materials accommodated in the material spool and selectively driving at least one to melt and discharge the filament material supplied thereto; Extruders for supplying each of the filament materials contained in the material spool to each of the nozzles; An XYZ-axis driving unit for varying the position of the nozzle, wherein the nozzles and the extruders selectively drive only one or more nozzles and extruders selected to form the 3D model. Provides.

Description

3D printer and 3D model printing method based on material extrusion type}

The present invention relates to a 3D printing technology, and more particularly, to a 3D printer of a material extrusion method and a 3D model printing method for performing 3D printing with a filament material produced by mixing metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate. About.

3D printing technology is currently being used in a variety of ways in the medical field to produce human body models for simulation of surgery, model production for education of medical staff and medical students, production of surgical guides and surgical tools to aid surgery, and production of direct treatment products.

In particular, 3D printing technology is widely used in the production of human body models for the purpose of planning and practicing difficult surgery in advance, and for the production of models for education and practice by reflecting medically meaningful cases by reproducing actual cases rather than simple standard models. There is a trend.

1 is an illustration of a model of a human body device manufactured by 3D printing, which is excellent as a means for visualizing the external shape of a human tissue or reflecting a color, and precise visualization of individual disease cases is possible. However, in radiography or MRI imaging, there is a problem that it is difficult to use it as a simulation or practice model because there is little change in contrast for each tissue due to uniform material properties.

As described above, the current 3D printing materials and equipment technologies simulate the external shape of each tissue or part of the human body, or manufacture it by dividing the color by tissue to improve visibility, or to determine the physical properties (softness, hardness) for each tissue. It could be expressed differently.

However, there is little difference in the attenuation rate characteristics per unit volume for radiation such as X-rays because there is little difference in the average atomic weight or density of materials that can be used in one 3D printer. Other than that, there was a limit in which the contrast due to the difference in the attenuation rate characteristics of each tissue was not effective. Accordingly, it was difficult to be used as a model for simulation or practice in the medical imaging field that needs to reflect the characteristics of attenuation rate for each human body tissue.

In addition, it was difficult to use it as a simulation model or education for MRI medical images using magnetic resonance methods.

2 and 3 illustrate a conventional human body model. 2 is an illustration of a standard human body model, and is manufactured only in a standardized uniform model form, not reflecting the case of a specific patient or special condition, and is manufactured in a conventional manner such as injection or molding method. 3 is an illustration of a medical imaging image of a standard human body model, and since the contrast for each tissue was not clear, it was difficult to divide the tissue in detail.

Accordingly, there has been an urgent need to develop a 3D printing technology that can simulate the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each major tissue of the human body.

In addition, in the case of using a 3D printer of the material extrusion method in the manufacture of a human body model, it is necessary to manufacture a filament material for each type of tissue required similar to the radiation attenuation rate for each major tissue of the human body and use it for the production of the human body model.

Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170047550 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170118387 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020180032155 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170074059

The present invention implements 3D printing using filament materials mixed with metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate, thereby simulating the difference in radiation attenuation rate for each tissue of the human body, a 3D printer and a 3D model of a material extrusion method. It aims to provide a printing method.

To this end, in the 3D printer of the material extrusion method, the present invention melts the filament raw material, mixes the metal nanoparticles with the molten filament raw material in a predetermined ratio, and determines the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the whole mixed material. Mixed filament materials manufactured so that the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the absorption of X-rays, and the absorption of the adjusted X-rays is set according to the absorption of each part of the human body; A material spool for receiving the mixed material filament materials; An output plate for supporting a 3D model formed by agglomerating the melted material in which at least one of the mixed filament materials is selectively melted; Nozzles receiving each of the filament materials contained in the material spool and selectively driving at least one to melt and discharge the filament material supplied to the filament material; Extruders for supplying each of the filament materials contained in the material spool to each of the nozzles; An XYZ-axis driving unit for varying the position of the nozzle, wherein the nozzles and the extruders selectively drive only one or more nozzles and extruders selected to form the 3D model. Provides.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in a 3D model printing method of a material extrusion method, one or more extruders selected to form a 3D model among extruders melt the raw material of the filament, and metal nanoparticles are added to the raw material of the molten filament at a predetermined ratio. Mixed material filament manufactured so that the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by mixing and adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the whole mixed material, and the adjusted absorption of X-rays is set according to the absorption of each part of the human body Supplying one or more filament materials of the materials to one or more nozzles; Varying the XYZ positions of the nozzles to a position for forming a 3D model by the XYZ axis driving unit; Providing a material extrusion method 3D model printing method comprising: one or more nozzles selected for forming the 3D model among the nozzles receiving and melting the one or more filament materials and discharging them to an output plate to print a 3D model; do.

Here, the mixed filament materials are characterized in that the filament raw material including at least one of TPU, acrylic polymer, and nylon polymer and metal nanoparticles are mixed in a predetermined ratio.

In addition, the metal nanoparticles are characterized in that they are any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide.

In addition, in the case of the TPU filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.5% by weight or less in the case of an enlarged lung, and 4 in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Mixing in a range of not less than 16% by weight and not more than 16% by weight,

In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.009% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and in the range of 0.087% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. It is characterized by that.

In addition, in the case of the acrylic filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 1.0% by weight or less in the case of an enlarged lung, and 5 in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Mixing in the range of not less than 17% by weight and not more than 17% by weight,

In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.021% by weight or less in the case of the expanded lung, and in the range of 0.1% by weight or more and 0.32% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. It is characterized by that.

In addition, in the case of the nylon-based filament raw material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.03% by weight or less in the case of an expanded lung, and 0.11 by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. % Or more and 0.33% by weight or less.

The present invention described above makes it possible to simulate a difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body by performing 3D printing using filament materials mixed with metal nanoparticles so as to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate.

The present invention mimics the difference in radiation attenuation rate for each tissue of the human body so that the contrast for each tissue is clearly revealed when taking a medical image of a human body model, thereby enabling detailed classification of tissues.

Through this, it is possible to produce a model that reproduces an actual disease model rather than a standard model for practicing radiological medical imaging equipment, and it is possible to produce a model for a surgical simulation (C-ARM procedure, etc.), and it has advantages that can be used for dose control during radiation treatment. .

1 is a diagram illustrating a human body model produced by 3D printing.
2 is a diagram illustrating a conventional human body model.
3 is a diagram illustrating a medical imaging image of a conventional standard human body model.
4 is a view illustrating a process of manufacturing a filament material for a 3D printer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view illustrating the process of manufacturing a filament material for a 3D printer of FIG. 4 in more detail, and illustrating a process of manufacturing a new material by mixing metal nanoparticles with an existing filament raw material.
6 is a view illustrating a filament material for a 3D printer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view showing the structure of a filament material for a 3D printer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a view illustrating the X-ray attenuation or transmission process of the filament material for a 3D printer according to the present invention.
9 and 10 are views illustrating an X-ray attenuation amount of a filament material for a 3D printer according to the present invention.
11 is a block diagram of a 3D printer of a material extrusion method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a diagram illustrating a process of manufacturing a human body model with a 3D printer of a material extrusion method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
13 is a diagram illustrating an expected view of an X-ray image of a human body model produced according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a view illustrating the characteristics of a guide for controlling dose produced by a 3D printer of a material extrusion method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention makes it possible to simulate a difference in radiation attenuation rate for each tissue of the human body by fabricating a filament in which metal nanoparticles are mixed to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate, and performing 3D printing using the filament.

The present invention simulates the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body so that the contrast for each tissue is clearly revealed when taking a medical image of a human body model, thereby enabling detailed classification of the tissue.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of the mass density, absorption coefficient A, and the amount of X-ray energy absorption (attenuation) for each tissue of the human body.

division Mass Density
(kg/m3) Absorption coefficient A Transmittance (P) Absorptivity converted to air (X) muscle 1090 1.36 0.000235 1302 Fat 911 1.36 0.000282 1088 lungs 1050 1.367 0.000243 1263 Dilated lungs 394 1.367 0.000647 474 air 1.2 One 0.306566 One bone 1908 1.568 0.000109 2806 Iron oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) 5170 2.29 1.96E-05 15, 651

division Absorptivity converted to air (X) Barium sulfate (BaSO ₄ ) 15,674 Tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ) 782,707 TPU 407 Nylon series 237 Acrylic 309

Since the mass density of an actual substance differs according to its composition, it is necessary to calculate the actual absorption by considering the inherent mass density without considering the inherent absorption coefficient of the substance. Accordingly, the obtained value is divided by the mass density to estimate the transmittance per unit area after the final attenuation. For example, P=I/Density, I=I ₀ exp(-A·T), where I: _{refers to the amount of transmitted energy, and I 0} : refers to the amount of incident energy.

Therefore, after calculating the total amount of transmitted energy for each major substance, energy X-ray energy absorption is defined as energy absorption X as a value relative to air.

Referring to Table 1, in the case of a human tissue, in addition to the difference in the average atomic weight according to the molecular combination of each tissue, the mass density per unit volume of the tissue is different for each tissue, and the X-ray absorption is also different for each tissue. Also, the degree of energy absorption may vary depending on the detailed tissue of the soft tissue. This is because when there are voids inside the tissue, there are also parts filled with blood or body fluids, so even though the average atomic number is similar, the difference in the actual absorption of X-rays may be large.

For example, in X-ray absorption, muscle 1302, fat 1088, lung 1263, and bone 2806 correspond to, among human tissues, bone has the highest X-ray absorption rate and differs by tissue in the order of muscle, lung, and fat. . In addition, this X-ray absorbance is called HU Value (houns field unit value) in medical images such as CT, and is quantified and utilized.

On the other hand, materials used for general material extrusion type 3D printers are always uniform in density, except when outputting in a special lattice structure, so there is little variation according to the material density. In the case of a human body model produced by 3D printing, There is no significant variation in the rate of absorption of X-ray energy (attenuation rate) for each tissue.

Accordingly, the present invention makes it possible to perform 3D printing having a difference in radiation attenuation rate by including metal nanoparticles in a filament material used in a material extrusion (ME) type 3D printer. The present invention simulates the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body so that the contrast for each tissue is clearly revealed when taking a medical image of a human body model, thereby enabling detailed classification of the tissue.

<Filament material manufacturing process>

4 and 5 illustrate a process of manufacturing a filament material for a 3D printer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a process of manufacturing the filament material will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

First, filament raw materials such as ABS, PLA, TPU (Thermo Plastic Polyurethane), nylon polymer, PET, acrylic polymer, and silicone are melted. Thereafter, the molten filament raw material is mixed with metal nanoparticles at a certain ratio, and the metal nanoparticles are evenly distributed at a certain concentration in the filament raw material. For example, as the metal nanoparticles, iron oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), barium sulfate (BaSO ₄ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ) nanoparticles, etc. are preferable. As the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles increases, the attenuation rate of X-rays Also, the attenuation rate of X-rays can be adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles.

To explain more, the method of calculating the mass absorption coefficient of a material containing two or more kinds of elements is the same as Equation 1, and according to Equation 1, it is much more than 3D printing raw materials such as acrylic polymer, nylon polymer, TPU, etc. When metal nanoparticles having a high atomic weight are mixed, the absorption coefficient (attenuation rate) of X-rays can be changed according to the mixing ratio.

Referring to Equation 1 below, the absorption coefficient (μ/ρ) of a mixed material containing two or more kinds of elements is equal to the sum of the product of the absorption coefficient and the mass of each mixture divided by the total mass.

Therefore, since the mass density is different according to the composition of the actual material, it is necessary to calculate the energy absorption degree of the mixture by reflecting this, and when calculating the final energy absorption degree of the actual object multiplied by the mass density, it can be calculated as follows.

A = (A1 x w1 + A2 * w2) / (w1 + w2)

(Where A1, A2 are the energy absorption rates of each material, w1, w2 are the mass of each material)

As shown in Table 1, the mean energy absorbed in the soft tissue (skin / muscle, etc.) 1302, since the energy absorption of the bone 2806, the energy absorption of the fat is present as such as 1088, for example, Fe ₃ O as the metal nanoparticles ₄ If (iron oxide) is applied, the energy absorption value of the nanoparticles is estimated to be 15651.

In addition, Table 2 shows that in the case of applying nylon-based polymers, acrylic-based polymers, TPU, barium sulfate nanoparticles, tungsten trioxide nanoparticles, etc., in addition to iron oxide nanoparticles, energy absorption values (relative absorption to air) are respectively, 237, It is estimated to be 309, 407, 15674, and 782707. This can be seen through example data of mass absorption coefficients for each major substance on the NIST site, and can be confirmed through the following link (https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab3.html, https:// physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab4.html).

First, filament raw materials such as TPU, acrylic polymer, and nylon polymer are melted. Thereafter, as metal nanoparticles, nano-particles such as iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide are mixed in the molten filament raw material at a certain ratio, and the metal nanoparticles are evenly distributed at a constant concentration in the filament raw material. Stir well with a stirrer.

As shown in Tables 3 to 9 below, it can be seen that X-ray absorption increases as the mixing ratio of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide increases. The degree can be adjusted.

TPU (407) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.56 95.53 94.13 84.30 Fe ₃ O ₄ (15,651)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.44 4.47 5.87 15.70 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 407 15651 474.1 1088.4 1301.8 2800.3

TPU (407) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.56 95.54 94.14 84.30 _{BaSO 4} (15,674)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.44 4.46 5.86 15.70 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 407 15674 474.2 1087.9 1301.7 2804.0

TPU (407) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.991 99.913 99.885 99.69 WO ₃ (782,707)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.009 0.087 0.115 0.31 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 407 782707 477.4 1087.6 1306.6 2832.1

Acrylic (309) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 98.92 94.92 93.53 83.7 Fe ₃ O ₄ (15,651)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 1.08 5.08 6.47 16.3 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 309 15651 474.7 1088.4 1301.6 2809.7

Acrylic (309) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 98.92 94.93 93.54 83.75 _{BaSO 4} (15,674)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 1.08 5.07 6.46 16.25 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 309 15674 474.9 1088.0 1301.6 2805.9

Acrylic (309) composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.979 99.9 99.87 99.68 WO ₃ (782,707)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.021 0.1 0.13 0.32 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 309 7827071 473.3 1091.4 1326.1 2812.7

Composition ratio of nylon (237) (%) 100.0 0 99.97 99.89 99.864 99.67 WO ₃ (782,707)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.03 0.11 0.136 0.33 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 237 782,707 471.7 1097.7 1301.2 2819.2

In Tables 3 to 9, it can be seen that the energy absorption values of the fat 1088 and bone 2806 are respectively approximated in the case of an example.

For example, in the case of the TPU filament raw material, in Table 3, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of iron oxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.44% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 And in the case of the muscle 1303, it is possible to obtain an approximate value to the energy absorption value by mixing in the range of 4.47% by weight or more and 15.7% by weight or less.

In addition, in Table 4, in the case of the TPU filament raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.44% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 4.46% by weight or more and 15.7% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

In addition, in Table 5, in the case of the TPU filament raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.009% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 0.087% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

On the other hand, when applied to the acrylic filament raw material, in Table 6, in the case of the expanded waste 474, the composition ratio of the iron oxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 1.08% by weight or less, and the shrunk waste 1263 And in the case of the muscle 1303, it is possible to obtain an approximate value to the energy absorption value by mixing in the range of 5.08% by weight or more and 16.3% by weight or less.

In addition, in Table 7, in the case of the acrylic filament raw material, in the case of the expanded waste 474, the composition ratio of the barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 1.08% by weight or less, and the shrunk waste 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 5.07% by weight or more and 16.25% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

In addition, in Table 8, in the case of the acrylic filament raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.021% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 0.1 wt% or more and 0.32 wt% or less to obtain an approximate value of energy absorption.

On the other hand, in the case of the nylon-based filament raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474 in Table 9, the composition ratio of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.03% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 0.11% by weight or more and 0.33% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

Accordingly, in consideration of the X-ray absorption rate for each tissue (part) of the 3D human body model to be produced, 3D printing can be performed by applying different filament materials to be used according to each part or tissue-specific model. Therefore, basically, the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticle-mixed polymer is such that its energy absorption is at a level similar to that of bone (2806) among the tissues of the human body. I can.

For example, iron oxide nanoparticles (molecular weight 33.08) are already widely used as materials that are harmless to the human body and are widely used as materials with relatively low cost. In addition, metal nanoparticles having a higher average atomic weight, such as iodine (molecular weight 53), barium (molecular weight 56), and tungsten, were applied.

As a result, when applied to TPU and acrylic filament raw materials, iron oxide and barium sulfate show almost similar energy absorption patterns. On the other hand, compared to iron oxide and barium sulfate, the nanopowder of tungsten trioxide can approximate the energy absorption value even with a very small amount of addition, so it can be confirmed that the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles have a very high radiation absorption and are very useful. have.

In addition, in the present invention, the case of using the mixture ratio in a range for simulating human tissue is given as an example, and when the desired absorption rate is higher, the composition ratio of the metal nanoparticles may be made higher.

As described above, the present invention produces a filament material having a shape similar to a fishing line by extruding and drawing a mixture in which metal nanoparticles are evenly distributed in a raw material in the form of a wire. Here, Figure 6 illustrates a filament material in the form of a wire similar to that of a fishing line. And Fig. 7 shows the structure of a filament material including metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles described above are particles having a very fine size of several to hundreds of nm, and in reality, ultrafine metal particles of a level in which the size of the grains cannot be distinguished by the naked eye are distributed in the filament material.

8 illustrates the X-ray attenuation or transmission process of the filament material for a 3D printer according to the present invention. When X-rays are irradiated due to the metal nanoparticles present inside the filament material, it is higher than that of the general filament material. It has an X-ray attenuation rate.

9 illustrates the difference in the amount of X-ray attenuation according to the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles, and a filament material having a higher or lower attenuation rate of X-rays is prepared according to the mixing ratio and relative concentration of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the filament raw material. This can be done, which is obvious to a person skilled in the art by the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates the difference in X-ray attenuation according to the mixing ratio and thickness of metal nanoparticles. Even if a shape is output with a filament material containing metal nanoparticles of the same concentration, the larger the thickness, the higher the X-ray attenuation rate. In addition, even for shapes having the same thickness, the higher the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles, the higher the attenuation rate of X-rays.

By using filament materials in which the blending ratio of metal nanoparticles is gradually adjusted according to the above method, the present invention makes it possible to simulate different energy absorption rates or attenuation rates of X-rays for different human tissues.

When 3D printing is made with filament materials having different concentrations or mixing ratios of metal nanoparticles for each human tissue by using such filaments, it is only to simulate the external shape of the human tissue. A human body model with a contrast ratio of similar images can be produced.

<Material extrusion method 3D printer>

A configuration of a 3D printer performing 3D printing with a filament according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 11.

The material extrusion type 3D printer includes a material spool 100, extruders 102, an XYZ axis driving unit 104, nozzles 106, an output plate 108, a motor and a driving unit 110. Wow, it is composed of a modeling plate heater 112 and a shape control bed 114.

The filament materials are prepared by stepwise adjustment of the blending ratio of metal nanoparticles, and the filament materials include filament raw materials and metal nanoparticles containing at least one of ABS, PLA, TPU, nylon, PET, and silicon in a predetermined ratio. Is prepared by mixing, and the diameter of the metal nanoparticles ranges from several nm to several hundreds of nm. Here, iron oxide nanoparticles are employed as the metal nanoparticles. In addition, since the higher the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles increases the attenuation rate of X-rays, the attenuation rate of the X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles of the filament materials.

The material spool 100 accommodates the filament materials.

The output plate 108 supports a sculpture formed by agglomeration of one or more of the filament materials selectively discharging the molten material, and the output plate is located on the upper surface of the shape control bed 114.

The nozzles 106 are supplied with each of the filament materials accommodated in the material spool 100, and one or more nozzles are selectively driven by a control device not shown to melt the filament material, and the output plate 108 To discharge.

The extruders 102 feed the filament materials contained in the material spool 100 to the nozzles 106, respectively, and the feeding amount is controlled by the not shown control device.

The XYZ axis driving unit 104 changes the positions of the nozzles 106 according to the 3D model so that the nozzles 106 discharge the melted material in which the filament material is melted according to the 3D model.

The shape control bed 114 mounts the output plate 108.

The motor and driving unit 110 drives the shape control bed 114 to position the output plate 108 at a position for forming a 3D model sculpture.

A modeling plate heater 112 is positioned under the shape control bed 114 to heat the filament melt for the shape of the lighting object.

In the 3D printer of the material extrusion method according to the present invention configured as described above, one or more extruders selected for 3D model formation among the extruders 102 are filament materials manufactured by stepwise adjusting the mixing ratio of metal nanoparticles. One or more of the filament materials are supplied to one or more nozzles, and the XYZ axis driving unit 104 changes the XYZ positions of the nozzles 106 to a position for forming a 3D model, and the 3D model among the nozzles 106 One or more nozzles selected for formation are supplied with the one or more filament materials, melted, and discharged to the output plate 108 to print a 3D model.

If the filament material in which the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles according to the present invention is adjusted according to the present invention is manufactured and used step by step, it is possible to simulate the energy absorption rate and attenuation rate of different X-rays for each human tissue as needed. When 3D printing is performed with filament materials with different concentrations of metal nanoparticles, that is, blending ratios, it is not only to simulate the external shape of human tissue, and even when photographed on medical imaging equipment, the contrast ratio of images similar to the human body can be obtained. A human body model can be produced, which is as illustrated in FIG. 12, and a predicted view of an X-ray image of the human body model accordingly is as illustrated in FIG. 13.

In addition, by using the materials and 3D printing technology according to the present invention, in addition to producing a human body model for surgery planning and simulation, a model for surgery education, and a model for practicing medical imaging, the advantage of being able to freely produce a desired three-dimensional shape and the attenuation rate of radiation And by using the advantage of controlling the transmittance, radiation or proton rays are intensively irradiated only to the target affected area during radiation treatment, and it can also be used to manufacture a guide for dose control that minimizes the radiation dose to normal human tissues. 14 shows an example of manufacturing a guide for adjusting the dose.

Accordingly, since the guide for adjusting the dose of FIG. 14 can be used as an energy absorber for radiation treatment, it can be used by setting higher than the absorption of 2806 of the bone in Table 1.

In addition, in the case of using iron oxide nanoparticles that are also used as agents for enhancing the contrast for improving the image quality of magnetic resonance imaging equipment (MRI) as metal nanoparticles, or tungsten trioxide nanoparticles with very high radiation absorption. In addition to radiography (X-ray, CT), it is possible to produce a 3D human body model so as to have a difference in imaging characteristics for each tissue part in MRI images.

In addition, the material extrusion method 3D printer filament material proposed in the present invention enables production to contain metal nanoparticles in various ratios in addition to expressing various physical properties having differences in ductility, hardness, and color of the raw material. Even when taking a medical image, it is possible to have a contrast, which is an image characteristic similar to that of a human body.

100: material spool
102: extruder
104: XYZ axis drive unit
106: nozzle
108: output plate
110: motor and drive
112: mold plate heater
114: shape control bed

Claims (12)

In the material extrusion method 3D printer,
The filament raw material is melted, the molten filament raw material is mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the whole mixed material, and the absorption of the adjusted X-rays Mixed filament materials manufactured to suit the degree of absorption of each part of the human body;
A material spool for receiving the mixed material filament materials;
An output plate for supporting a 3D model formed by agglomerating the melted material in which at least one of the mixed filament materials is selectively melted;
Nozzles receiving each of the filament materials accommodated in the material spool and selectively driving at least one to melt and discharge the filament material supplied thereto;
Extruders supplying each of the filament materials contained in the material spool to each of the nozzles;
Includes; XYZ axis driving unit for varying the position of the nozzle,
The nozzles and the extruders selectively drive only one or more nozzles and extruders selected to form the 3D model. The method of claim 1,
The mixed material filament materials,
A 3D printer of a material extrusion method, characterized in that a filament raw material including at least one of TPU, acrylic polymer, and nylon polymer and metal nanoparticles are mixed in a predetermined ratio. The method of claim 2,
The metal nanoparticles are 3D printers of a material extrusion method, characterized in that the nanoparticles are any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide. The method of claim 3,
In the case of the TPU filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.5% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and 4% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Mixing in the range of not less than 16% by weight,
In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.009% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and in the range of 0.087% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Material extrusion method 3D printer, characterized in that. The method of claim 3,
In the case of the acrylic polymer filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed within a range of 1.0% by weight or less in the case of an enlarged lung, and 5% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. % Or more and 17% by weight or less, and
In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.021% by weight or less in the case of the expanded lung, and in the range of 0.1% by weight or more and 0.32% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Material extrusion method 3D printer, characterized in that. The method of claim 3,
In the case of the nylon-based polymer filament raw material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.03% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and 0.11% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Material extrusion method 3D printer, characterized in that mixing in the range of more than 0.33% by weight or less. In the material extrusion method 3D model printing method,
One or more of the extruders selected to form the 3D model
The filament raw material is melted, the molten filament raw material is mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles mixed in the whole mixed material, and the absorption of the adjusted X-rays Or supplying one or more filament materials of the mixed filament materials manufactured to be set to suit the absorption of each part of the human body to one or more nozzles;
Varying the XYZ positions of the nozzles to a position for forming a 3D model by the XYZ axis driving unit;
At least one nozzle selected for forming the 3D model among the nozzles receives the at least one filament material, melts it, and discharges it to an output plate to print a 3D model; How to print. The method of claim 7,
The mixed material filament materials,
A 3D model printing method of a material extrusion method, characterized in that a filament raw material including at least one of TPU, acrylic polymer, and nylon polymer and metal nanoparticles are mixed in a predetermined ratio. The method of claim 8,
The metal nanoparticles are 3D model printing method of a material extrusion method, characterized in that the nanoparticles of any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide. The method of claim 9,
In the case of the TPU filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.5% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and 4% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. Mixing in the range of not less than 16% by weight,
In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.009% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and in the range of 0.087% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. 3D model printing method of the material extrusion method, characterized in that. The method of claim 9,
In the case of the acrylic polymer filament raw material, the iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed within a range of 1.0% by weight or less in the case of an enlarged lung, and 5% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. % Or more and 17% by weight or less, and
In the total weight of the mixed material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles are mixed in the range of 0.021% by weight or less in the case of the expanded lung, and in the range of 0.1% by weight or more and 0.32% by weight or less in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. 3D model printing method of the material extrusion method, characterized in that. The method of claim 9,
In the case of the nylon-based polymer filament raw material, the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material are mixed in a range of 0.03% by weight or less in the case of expanded lungs, and 0.11% by weight in the case of contracted lungs and muscles. 3D model printing method of a material extrusion method, characterized in that mixing in the range of more than 0.33% by weight or less.

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