KR102239033B1 - 3D printer and 3D model printing method based on material jetting type - Google Patents

Abstract

In the material spray type 3D printer of the present invention, a liquid material A and a liquid material A are mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles is adjusted to reduce the absorption of X-rays. A cartridge having a plurality of structural materials including material B manufactured so that the absorption degree of the adjusted X-rays is set according to the absorption degree of each part of the human body, and a receiving portion for accommodating the material for forming a support body; A cartridge actuator for providing movement of the cartridge in a predetermined direction at a predetermined period; A material spraying head receiving the support material and a plurality of structural materials contained in the cartridge and simultaneously or selectively spraying the support material and the materials A and B; A UV curing lamp for UV curing the material for the support and the material A or the material B sprayed by the material spraying head; And a control device configured to form the 3D model by controlling the material injection head and the UV curing lamp according to the 3D print information while driving the cartridge actuator when 3D print information for forming the 3D model is input from the outside. It provides a 3D printer of the material spraying method.

Description

3D printer and 3D model printing method based on material jetting type}

The present invention relates to a 3D printing technology, and more particularly, to a 3D printer of a material injection method and a 3D model printing method for performing 3D printing with a material produced by mixing metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate. will be.

3D printing technology is currently being used in a variety of ways in the medical field to produce human body models for simulation of surgery, model production for education of medical staff and medical students, production of surgical guides and surgical tools to aid surgery, and production of direct treatment products.

In particular, 3D printing technology is widely used in the production of models for education and practice by reflecting medically meaningful cases by reproducing real cases, not simple standard models, and making human body models for the purpose of planning and practicing difficult surgery in advance. It is a trend.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a model of a human body device manufactured by 3D printing, which is excellent as a means for visualizing the external shape of a human body shape or reflecting color, and precise visualization of individual disease cases is possible. However, in radiography or MRI, there is a problem that it is difficult to use it as a simulation or practice model because there is little change in the contrast for each tissue due to the uniform material characteristics.

As described above, the current 3D printing materials and equipment technologies simulate the external shape of each tissue or part of the human body, or manufacture it by dividing the color by tissue to improve visibility, or to determine the physical properties (softness, hardness) for each tissue. It could be expressed differently.

However, there is little difference in the attenuation rate characteristics per unit volume for radiation such as X-rays as there is no significant difference in the average atomic weight or density of materials that can be used in one 3D printer. There was a limitation in that there was no effect of contrast due to the difference in attenuation rate characteristics by tissue. Accordingly, it was difficult to be used as a model for simulation or practice in the medical imaging field that needs to reflect the characteristics of attenuation rate for each human body tissue.

In addition, it was difficult to use it as a simulation model or education for MRI medical images using magnetic resonance methods.

2 and 3 illustrate a conventional human body model. 2 is an illustration of a standard human body model, and is manufactured only in a standardized uniform model form, not reflecting the case of a specific patient or special condition, and is manufactured in a conventional manner such as injection or molding method.

3 is an illustration of a medical imaging image of a standard human body model, and since the contrast for each tissue was not clear, it was difficult to divide the tissue in detail.

Accordingly, there has been an urgent need to develop a 3D printing technology capable of simulating the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body.

In addition, in the case of using a 3D printer with a material spraying method in the manufacture of a human body model, it is necessary to manufacture a material of the material spraying (MKJ) method for each type of tissue required, similar to the radiation attenuation rate for each major tissue of the human body, and use it for the production of a human body model. There is.

Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170047550 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170118387 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020180032155 Korean Patent Publication No. 1020170074059

The present invention implements 3D printing using materials mixed with metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate, thereby simulating the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body, and 3D printer and 3D model printing. It aims to provide a method.

In addition, another object of the present invention is a material injection method capable of simulating the difference in radiation attenuation rates by tissues of the human body by performing 3D printing by mixing materials mixed with metal nanoparticles by a spray method to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate. It is to provide a 3D printer and a 3D model printing method.

To this end, the present invention in a 3D printer of a material spraying method, by mixing a liquid material A and metal nanoparticles with the liquid material A in a predetermined ratio, and adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles to X It controls the absorption of the rays, and the absorption of the adjusted X-rays is set according to the absorption of each part of the human body. cartridge; A cartridge actuator for providing movement of the cartridge in a predetermined direction at a predetermined period; A material spraying head receiving the support material and a plurality of structural materials contained in the cartridge and simultaneously or selectively spraying the support material and the materials A and B; A UV curing lamp for UV curing the material for the support and the material A or the material B sprayed by the material spraying head; And a control device configured to form the 3D model by controlling the material injection head and the UV curing lamp according to the 3D print information while driving the cartridge actuator when 3D print information for forming the 3D model is input from the outside. Characterized in that.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in a 3D model printing method, a liquid material A and a liquid material A are mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles is adjusted to The absorbance of the rays is adjusted, and the absorbance of the adjusted X-rays is set according to the absorption of each part of the human body. Providing movement in a predetermined direction at a periodic time; Receiving, by a material spraying head, a support material and a plurality of structural materials accommodated in the cartridge, and simultaneously or selectively spraying the support material and the materials A and B; And forming a 3D model by UV curing the material for the support and the material A or the material B sprayed by the material spraying head.

Here, the liquid material is a photopolymerization polymer or a PC-based polymer,

It is characterized in that it is produced by mixing the metal nanoparticles in the liquid material in a predetermined ratio.

In addition, the metal nanoparticles are characterized in that they are any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide.

In addition, in the case of the photopolymerizable polymer,

In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed within a range of 0.16% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed within a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,

In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material is mixed within the range of 0.003% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is in the range of 0.082% by weight or more and 0.3% by weight or less. It is characterized by that.

In addition, in the case of the PC-based polymer,

In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed in a range of 0.48% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed in a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,

In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles to the total weight is mixed within the range of 0.01% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is mixed in the range of 0.088% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less. It is done.

The present invention described above makes it possible to simulate a difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body by performing 3D printing using materials mixed with metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate.

In addition, the present invention performs 3D printing by mixing materials mixed with metal nanoparticles by spraying so as to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate, so that a difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body can be simulated.

The present invention simulates the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body so that the contrast for each tissue is clearly revealed when taking a medical image of a human body model, thereby enabling detailed classification of the tissue.

In addition, it is possible to produce a model that reproduces an actual disease model rather than a standard model for practicing radiological medical imaging equipment, and it is possible to produce a model for surgery simulation (C-ARM procedure, etc.), and it can be used to produce a dose control guide during radiation treatment. have..

1 is a diagram illustrating a human body model produced by 3D printing.
2 is a diagram illustrating a conventional human body model.
3 is a diagram illustrating a medical imaging image of a conventional standard human body model.
4 is a structural diagram of a 3D printer of a material spraying method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a diagram illustrating a process of laminating a desired shape through liquid particle spraying in the 3D printer of the material spraying method of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a process of forming a 3D model by spraying structural materials and support materials at a planned position in the 3D printer of the material spraying method of FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a process of manufacturing a new liquid material by mixing a liquid material obtained by mixing metal nanoparticles with a general liquid material in the 3D printer of the material spraying method of FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating particles when a liquid material including metal nanoparticles is sprayed in FIG. 7.
9 is a view illustrating a process of mixing and spraying while controlling a relative ratio of a liquid material mixed with metal nanoparticles and a general liquid material in FIG. 7.
10 is a diagram illustrating a process of attenuation or transmission of X-rays in a material for a 3D printer of a material spraying method in which metal nanoparticles are mixed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a diagram showing an example of a stepwise change in an amount of X-ray attenuation according to a mixing ratio of metal nanoparticles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a diagram illustrating a cartridge and an actuator for a 3D printer of a material injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
13 is a view showing the structure of a 3D printer of a material injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a diagram illustrating a human body model produced by a 3D printer of a material spraying method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
15 is a diagram illustrating the characteristics of a medical image taken of a human body model produced by a 3D printer of a material injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
16 is a view illustrating the characteristics of a guide for controlling dose produced by a 3D printer of a material injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention makes it possible to simulate a difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of a human body by performing 3D printing using materials mixed with metal nanoparticles to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate.

In addition, the present invention performs 3D printing by mixing materials mixed with metal nanoparticles by spraying so as to have a difference in radiation attenuation rate, so that a difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body can be simulated.

The present invention simulates the difference in radiation attenuation rates for each tissue of the human body so that the contrast for each tissue is clearly revealed when taking a medical image of a human body model, thereby enabling detailed classification of the tissue.

In general, a material used in a material jetting (MJ) type 3D printer is a material that has a property of curing when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light after spraying a liquid material. The structure of such a material injection (MJ) type 3D printer is as illustrated in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 4, the 3D printer makes a structure shape with build materials for forming a three-dimensional structure, and deformation occurs in the process of making a three-dimensional structure with a support material. It is to make the shape of the support to support it so that it does not. The above-described structural materials and support materials are sprayed one by one and output, and then the sprayed structure materials and support materials are cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays with an ultraviolet curing lamp.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram showing a stacking process from a microscopic point of view to form a desired 3D model by spraying liquid particles in a 3D printer of a material spraying method.In a 3D printer of an actual material spraying method, particles of the sprayed liquid material are Lamination is made so as not to maintain the rounded sphere as it is, but to form almost no voids by bonding with adjacent material particles.

6 is an exemplary view showing the process of creating a desired three-dimensional shape by spraying structural materials and support materials at a planned position with a material spraying type 3D printer, and a desired structure by removing the support material in the final step. Only the shape of is left.

<3D printing material according to the present invention>

The liquid material used in the material spray (MJ) type 3D printer containing metal nanoparticles proposed in the present invention is prepared by mixing metal nanoparticles with raw material A and raw material A in a pure liquid state at a predetermined ratio. Consists of material B.

7 is a process of preparing a new liquid material C by mixing a liquid material B in which metal nanoparticles are mixed with a general liquid material A as a liquid material used in a 3D printer of a material spraying method including metal nanoparticles according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating particles in the case of spraying a liquid material including metal nanoparticles manufactured according to the present invention in FIG. 7.

7 and 8, the size of the metal nanoparticles has a size of several nm to several hundreds nm, and the diameter of the liquid particles sprayed through the material injection 3D printer ranges to several tens of um. As it has a small particle size, it is small enough to distribute evenly without clumping in the liquid material. For example, in FIG. 8, nanoparticles distributed in the inkjet spraying liquid of about 20 μm can be confirmed.

As described above, the 3D printing material according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention needs to be mixed so that the metal nanoparticles are evenly distributed at a certain concentration in the raw material for the material injection 3D printer. Need to stir.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary view from a microscopic point of view of mixing and spraying while controlling the relative ratio of a build material B in which a pure liquid A (build material A) and a metal nanoparticle are mixed, and FIG. 9A is only a pure liquid. 9B shows that only liquid material B in which metal nanoparticles are mixed is selectively sprayed.

In addition, FIGS. 9C and 9D control the relative ratio of the pure liquid A (build material A) and the liquid material (build material B) in which the metal nanoparticles are mixed, and selectively or simultaneously spray the ink jet with particles having a size of several tens of um. Precise control of the proportion of sprayed liquids.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of the mass density, absorption coefficient A, and the amount of X-ray energy absorption (attenuation) for each tissue of the human body.

division Mass Density
(kg/m3) Absorption coefficient A Transmittance (P) Absorptivity converted to air (X) muscle 1090 1.36 0.000235 1302 Fat 911 1.36 0.000282 1088 lungs 1050 1.367 0.000243 1263 Dilated lungs 394 1.367 0.000647 474 air 1.2 One 0.306566 One bone 1908 1.568 0.000109 2806 Iron oxide nanopowder
(Fe ₃ O _{4 )} 5170 2.29 1.96E-05 15651

Since the mass density of an actual substance differs according to its composition, it is necessary to calculate the actual absorption by considering the inherent mass density without considering the inherent absorption coefficient of the substance. Accordingly, the obtained value is divided by the mass density to estimate the transmittance per unit area after the final attenuation. For example, P=I/Density, I=I ₀ exp(-A·T), where I: _{refers to the amount of transmitted energy, and I 0} : refers to the amount of incident energy.

Therefore, after calculating the total amount of transmitted energy for each major substance, energy X-ray energy absorption is defined as energy absorption X as a value relative to air.

Referring to Table 1, in the case of a human tissue, in addition to the difference in the average atomic weight according to the molecular combination of each tissue, the mass density per unit volume of the tissue is different for each tissue, and the X-ray absorption is also different for each tissue. Also, the degree of energy absorption may vary depending on the detailed tissue of the soft tissue. This is because when there are voids inside the tissue, there are also parts filled with blood or body fluids, so even though the average atomic number is similar, the difference in the actual absorption of X-rays may be large.

For example, in X-ray absorption, muscle 1302, fat 1088, lung 1263, and bone 2806 correspond to, among human tissues, bone has the highest X-ray absorption rate and differs by tissue in the order of muscle, lung, and fat. . In addition, this X-ray absorbance is called HU Value (houns field unit value) in medical images such as CT, and is quantified and utilized.

On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 4 to 6, since the density of the material used for the 3D printer is always uniform, except for the case of outputting in a special lattice structure, there is little variation according to the material density, and it is produced by 3D printing. In the case of one human body model, there is no significant deviation in the rate of absorption of X-ray energy (attenuation rate) by tissue.

However, in the present invention, it is necessary to precisely control the mixing ratio of metal nanoparticles for each part and location of the human body when forming the 3D model.

Accordingly, a method of calculating the mass absorption coefficient of a substance containing two or more kinds of elements will be described through Equation 1. According to Equation 1, when metal nanoparticles having a much higher atomic weight compared to 3D printing raw materials such as plastics and acrylics used in conventional 3D printers are mixed, the change in the absorption coefficient (attenuation rate) of X-rays is changed according to the mixing ratio. Can give.

Referring to Equation 1 below, the absorption coefficient (μ/ρ) of a mixed material containing two or more kinds of elements is equal to the sum of the product of the absorption coefficient and the mass of each mixture divided by the total mass.

Therefore, since the mass density is different according to the composition of the actual material, it is necessary to calculate the energy absorption degree of the mixture by reflecting this, and when calculating the final energy absorption degree of the actual object multiplied by the mass density, it can be calculated as follows.

Absorption coefficient A = (A1 x w1 + A2 * w2) / (w1 + w2)

(Where A1, A2 are the energy absorption rates of each material, w1, w2 are the mass of each material)

In the present invention, in the case of a human body model produced by 3D printing, the mixing ratio of metal nanoparticles is precisely adjusted for each part and location of the human body in order to reflect the X-ray energy absorption rate (attenuation rate) for each tissue.

As shown in Table 1, the average energy absorption of soft tissue (skin/muscle, etc.) is 1302, energy absorption of bone is 2806, energy absorption of fat is 1088, and so on.

For example, if Fe ₃ O ₄ (iron oxide) is applied as metal nanoparticles, the energy absorption value of the nanoparticles is estimated to be 15651.

In addition, Table 2 shows that in the case of applying nylon-based polymers, acrylic-based polymers, TPU, barium sulfate nanoparticles, tungsten trioxide nanoparticles, etc., in addition to iron oxide nanoparticles, energy absorption values (relative absorption to air) are respectively, 237, It is estimated to be 309, 407, 15674, and 782707.

division Absorptivity converted to air (X) Barium sulfate (BaSO ₄ ) 15,674 Tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ) 782,707 TPU 407 Nylon series 237 Acrylic 309

This can be seen through example data of mass absorption coefficients for each major substance on the NIST site, and can be confirmed through the following link (https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab3.html, https:// physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab4.html).

First, a new liquid material C in which metal nanoparticles are uniformly mixed is prepared by mixing a liquid material B in which metal nanoparticles are mixed in a predetermined ratio with a pure liquid material A, which is a raw material of the conventional material spraying method. At this time, the liquid material B or the new liquid material C is stirred well with a stirrer so that the metal nanoparticles are evenly distributed at a constant concentration in the raw material.

As shown in Tables 3 to 8 below, it can be seen that X-ray absorption increases as the mixing ratio of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide increases. The degree can be adjusted.

That is, assuming the case of using a soft photopolymerizable polymer material with an energy absorption of 450, and mixing iron oxide nanoparticles with an energy absorption of 15651 as an example, the energy absorption can be obtained as shown in Table 3 according to the relative ratio. have.

In Tables 3 to 8, it can be seen that the energy absorption values of the fat 1088 and the bone 2806 are respectively approximated in the case of an example.

Photopolymerization polymer (450)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.84 95.8 94.4 84.5 Fe ₃ O ₄ (15651)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.16 4.2 5.6 15.5 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 450 15651 474.3 1088.4 1301.8 2806.2

Photopolymerization polymer (450)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.56 95.54 94.14 84.30 BaSO ₄ (15674)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.16 4.19 5.6 15.49 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 450 15674 474.4 1087.9 1302.6 2808.2

Photopolymerization polymer (450)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.997 99.918 99.89 99.7 WO ₃ (782707)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.003 0.082 0.11 0.3 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 450 782707 473.5 1091.5 1310.5 2796.8

PC Like series (400)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.52 95.5 94.08 84.22 Fe ₃ O ₄ (15651)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.48 4.5 5.92 15.78 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 400 15651 473.2 1086.3 1302.9 2806.6

PC Like series (400)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.52 95.5 94.08 84.22 BaSO ₄ (15674)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.48 4.5 5.9 15.75 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 400 15674 473.3 1087.3 1301.2 2805.7

PC Like series (400)
Composition ratio (%) 100.0 0 99.99 99.912 99.884 99.69 WO ₃ (782707)
Composition ratio (%) 0 100.0 0.01 0.088 0.116 0.31 Mixed material relative absorption (X) 400 7827071 478.2 1088.4 1307.5 2825.2

For example, in the case of a photopolymerizable polymer raw material (relative absorption of 450), in Table 3, in the case of the expanded waste 474, the composition ratio of iron oxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material is mixed in the range of 0.16% by weight or less. , In the case of the contracted lungs 1263 and the muscles 1303, an approximate value of energy absorption may be obtained by mixing in a range of 4.2% by weight or more and 15.5% by weight or less.

In addition, in Table 4, in the case of the photopolymerizable polymer raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.16% by weight or less, and the contracted lung ( 1263) and muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 4.19 wt% or more and 15.5 wt% or less to obtain an approximate value of energy absorption.

In addition, in Table 5, in the case of the photopolymerizable polymer raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.003% by weight or less, and the contracted lung ( 1263) and muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 0.082% by weight or more and 0.3% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

On the other hand, when applied to PC (polycarbonate)-based raw materials, in Table 6, in the case of the expanded waste 474, the composition ratio of iron oxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material is mixed in a range of 0.48% by weight or less, In the case of the lungs 1263 and the muscles 1303, an approximate value of energy absorption may be obtained by mixing in a range of 4.5% by weight or more and 15.78% by weight or less.

In addition, in Table 7, in the case of the PC-based raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.48% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 4.5% by weight or more and 15.75% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value of energy absorption.

In addition, in Table 8, in the case of the PC-based raw material, in the case of the expanded lung 474, the composition ratio of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material was mixed in a range of 0.01% by weight or less, and the contracted lung 1263 ) And muscles 1303 may be mixed in a range of 0.088% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less to obtain an approximate value for energy absorption.

In this way, the pure liquid material A and the liquid material A are applied to material B in which metal nanoparticles (iron oxide, barium sulfate, tungsten trioxide) are mixed in a predetermined ratio. That is, when the mixing ratio of the photopolymerizable polymer and metal nanoparticles such as iron oxide and barium sulfate in Tables 3 to 8 is 15.5% compared to about 84.5%, absorption can be obtained similar to that of human bones. At this time, when the mixing ratio of the photopolymerizable polymer and the metal nanoparticles of tungsten trioxide is mixed at 0.3% compared to 99.7%, absorption can be obtained similar to that of human bones.

In addition, when the mixing ratio of PC-based polymer and metal nanoparticles such as iron oxide and barium sulfate is mixed at around 84.2% to 15.8%, absorption can be obtained similar to that of human bones. When the mixing ratio of the PC-based polymer and the metal nanoparticles of tungsten trioxide is mixed at 0.31% compared to 99.69%, absorption can be obtained similar to that of human bones.

Through this, iron oxide and barium sulfate exhibit almost similar properties without significantly affecting the material properties of the raw material polymer, and absorption properties similar to those of human bones can be obtained even with a smaller mixing ratio of tungsten trioxide.

Accordingly, after preparing material B of a basic mixture (polymer + iron oxide, barium sulfate, tungsten trioxide nanoparticles) having an absorption rate similar to that of bone, mixing it with the basic polymer material A to adjust the composition ratio, the energy in the mixed ratio The absorption change can simulate the composition of several stages similar to the human body's X-ray absorption, as shown in Table 9 below.

Base polymer A (%) 100 0 99 65.5 63.8 72.9 Mixture B (%) 0 100 One 34.5 36.2 27.1 Absorption (X) 450 2806
(bone) 474
(Dilated lung) 1263
(Constricted lungs) 1303
(muscle) 1088
(Fat)

In Table 9, in the case of an example, it can be seen that the energy absorption values of the fat (1088), bone (2806), expanded lung 474, contracted lung (1263), and muscle (1303) are respectively approximated. In consideration of the X-ray absorption rate for each tissue (part) of the 3D human body model, 3D printing can be performed by applying different filament materials to be used according to each part or tissue-specific model. Therefore, basically, the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticle-mixed polymer is such that its energy absorption is at a level similar to that of bone (2806) among the tissues of the human body. I can.

For example, iron oxide nanoparticles (molecular weight 33.08) are already widely used as materials that are harmless to the human body and are widely used as materials with relatively low cost. In addition, metal nanoparticles having a higher average atomic weight, such as iodine (molecular weight 53), barium (molecular weight 56), and tungsten, were applied.

As a result, when applied to TPU and acrylic filament raw materials, iron oxide and barium sulfate show almost similar energy absorption patterns. On the other hand, compared to iron oxide and barium sulfate, the nanopowder of tungsten trioxide can approximate the energy absorption value even with a very small amount of addition, so it can be confirmed that the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles have a very high radiation absorption and are very useful. have.

In addition, in the present invention, the case of using the mixture ratio in a range for simulating human tissue is given as an example, and when the desired absorption rate is higher, the composition ratio of the metal nanoparticles may be made higher.

In addition, the metal nanoparticles are not used differently for each tissue, but when one type of metal nanoparticles (for example, iron oxide nanoparticles) is selected, only adjusting the composition ratio when printing the polymer mixture containing the nanoparticles. It makes it possible to control the overall energy absorption.

In addition, the present invention precisely controls the relative mixing ratio of the liquid material A not containing metal nanoparticles and the liquid material B containing metal nanoparticles in a 3D printer of a material spraying method, The mixing ratio is precisely controlled.

FIG. 10 is an exemplary view schematically showing a process of X-ray attenuation or transmission in a material for a 3D printer with a material spraying method in which metal nanoparticles are mixed, and FIG. 11 is It shows an example. As illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, even for a shape having the same thickness, the higher the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles, the higher the attenuation rate of X-rays becomes, and in proportion to the thickening of the shape, the attenuation rate of X-rays increases. Accordingly, the present invention controls the attenuation rate of X-rays by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles.

As described above, in the liquid material for a material spray type 3D printer including metal nanoparticles proposed in the present invention, since metal nanoparticles are basically distributed in a liquid material, when left in a static state for a long time, Sedimentation of metal nanoparticles may occur in the direction of gravity. Accordingly, the present invention adds an actuator capable of 3-axis control to periodically shake a cartridge containing a liquid material in order to maintain a uniform distribution of particles, as illustrated in FIG. 12. .

<Material injection method 3D printer>

13 shows the structure of a 3D printer of a material injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The material injection type 3D printer includes a cartridge 100, a cartridge actuator 108, a material injection head 200, a UV curing lamp 202, a control device 300, and a memory unit 302. Wow, it is composed of a communication module 304, and a building plate (400).

The cartridge 100 includes receiving portions for accommodating a support material 102 and a material for the first and second structures 104 and 106, and the support material 102 and the first and second structures accommodated in the accommodating portions. The structural materials 104 and 106 are supplied to the material spraying head 200 through supply lines. At least one of the first and second structural materials 104 and 106 is prepared by mixing metal nanoparticles in a liquid raw material for a material-spraying 3D printer at a predetermined ratio and mixing evenly distributed, 3D printer Since the particle diameter of the liquid sprayed through the head of the liquid is several tens of um, and the diameter of the metal nanoparticles is about several to hundreds of nm, the metal nanoparticles are evenly diffused and distributed in the liquid raw material. In addition, iron oxide nanoparticles may be employed as the metal nanoparticles.

The cartridge actuator 108 is capable of 3-axis control, and under the control of the control device 300, the cartridge 100 is shaken vertically, left, and right at a predetermined period to form a support material 102 accommodated in the receiving portions of the cartridge 100. ) And the first and second structural materials 104 and 106 are stirred so that the metal nanoparticles are evenly diffused and distributed in the liquid raw material. The cartridge actuator 108 prevents precipitation of metal nanoparticles and performs agitation before 3D printing even if some of the metal nanoparticles are precipitated, so that the precipitated particles are evenly distributed in the liquid material again.

The cartridge actuator 108 is configured to be capable of 3-axis control, and performs an agitation operation by performing vertical movement, circular movement, orthogonal movement.

The material injection head 200 receives the support material 102 and the first and second structure materials 104 and 106 accommodated in the cartridge 100 and selectively sprays the building according to the control of the control device 300. A structure and a support are formed on the plate 400 to form a 3D model. The UV curing lamp 202 attached to the material spraying head 200 cures a material selected from the support material 102 and the first and second structure materials 104 and 106 sprayed by the material spraying head 200 To form a structure and a support on the building plate 400 to form a 3D model.

The control device 300 drives the cartridge actuator 108 according to an external 3D printing command to stir the first and second structure materials 104 and 106 accommodated in the cartridge 100 to prevent precipitation of metal nanoparticles. Even if it is partially precipitated, the precipitated particles are distributed evenly in the liquid material.

Thereafter, the control device 300 sprays a selected material from among the support material 102 and the first and second structure materials 104 and 106 accommodated in the cartridge 100 and drives the UV curing lamp 202 3D printing is performed by forming a 3D model.

The memory unit 302 stores various information including a processing program of the control device 300.

The communication module 304 is responsible for communication between the control device 300 and an external user terminal, for example, a personal computer.

The 3D printer of the material spraying method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention can produce a 3D model in which the composition ratio of the metal nanoparticles is precisely controlled by using a liquid material in which the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles is adjusted. Accordingly, the present invention makes it possible to more accurately simulate the energy absorption rate or attenuation rate of different X-rays for each human body tissue, so that only the external shape of the human body tissue is simulated, and even when photographed on a medical imaging device, an image similar to the human body can be obtained. It can be manufactured to have a contrast ratio characteristic.

In addition, a predicted view of manufacturing a human body model using a liquid material including metal nanoparticles and a material injection type 3D printer proposed by the present invention is shown in FIG. 14.

The metal nanoparticles according to the present invention may be iron oxide nanoparticles, and the iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an agent for improving image quality of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI). In addition to radiographs such as lines or CT, it is possible to produce 3D human body models with different image contrast ratios for each tissue part in MRI images.

In addition to the expression of various physical properties having differences in ductility, hardness, and color of the raw material, the liquid material for a material spray type 3D printer proposed in the present invention is manufactured to contain metal nanoparticles, and the metal nanoparticles are It is possible to realize the composition ratio of metal nanoparticles in very precise steps by controlling the spray ratio with the liquid material that is not included.

The 3D model of the human body produced through this can not only externally simulate the human body, but also have a contrast ratio, which is an image characteristic similar to the tissue of the human body, even when taking a medical image, as illustrated in FIG. 15. . For example, when a specific disease model of a human organ is to be precisely manufactured as a 3D model, it is possible to more accurately express the change of the X-ray attenuation rate by region, along with the simulation of the microscopic shape of the disease area and its periphery.

In addition, when 3D printing including metal nanoparticles according to the present invention is used, the mixing ratio of metal nanoparticles can be precisely controlled at a desired location and at a desired ratio and concentration. Compared to this, it has a big advantage.

In addition, by using the materials and 3D printing technology according to the present invention, in addition to producing a human body model for operation planning and simulation, a model for surgery education, and a model for practicing medical imaging, the advantage of being able to freely produce a desired three-dimensional shape, attenuation rate of radiation, and Using the advantage of controlling the transmittance, during radiation treatment, radiation or proton rays are intensively irradiated only to the target affected area, and it may be used to manufacture a guide for dose adjustment that minimizes the radiation dose to normal human tissues.FIG. 16 Shows an example of manufacturing a guide for controlling the dose.

Accordingly, since the guide for adjusting the dose of FIG. 16 can be used as an energy absorber for radiation treatment, it can be used by setting higher than the absorption of 2806 of the bone in Table 1.

100: cartridge
108: cartridge actuator
200: material injection head
202: UV curing lamp
300: control device
302: memory unit
304: communication module
400: building plate

Claims (12)

In the material injection type 3D printer,
The liquid material A and the liquid material A are mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles, and the adjusted absorption of X-rays is determined by the human body. A cartridge including a plurality of structural materials including a material B manufactured to be set according to the absorbency of each portion of the device, and a receiving portion for accommodating the material for forming a support;
A cartridge actuator for providing movement of the cartridge in a predetermined direction at a predetermined period;
A material spraying head receiving the support material and a plurality of structural materials contained in the cartridge and simultaneously or selectively spraying the support material and the materials A and B;
A UV curing lamp for UV curing the material for the support and the material A or the material B sprayed by the material spraying head; And
When 3D print information for forming a 3D model is input from the outside, a control device for forming the 3D model by driving the cartridge actuator and controlling the material spraying head and the UV curing lamp according to the 3D print information; Material injection type 3D printer, characterized in that. The method of claim 1,
The liquid material is a photopolymerizable polymer or a PC-based polymer,
3D printer of a material spraying method, characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are mixed with the liquid material in a predetermined ratio. The method of claim 2,
The metal nanoparticles are 3D printers of a material spraying method, characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are nanoparticles of any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide. The method of claim 3,
In the case of the photopolymerizable polymer,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed within a range of 0.16% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed within a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material is mixed within the range of 0.003% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is in the range of 0.082% by weight or more and 0.3% by weight or less. Material injection type 3D printer, characterized in that. The method of claim 3,
In the case of the above PC-based polymer
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed in a range of 0.48% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed in a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles to the total weight is mixed within the range of 0.01% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is mixed in the range of 0.088% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less. 3D printer with material spraying method. The method of claim 1,
The cartridge actuator, a material injection method 3D printer, characterized in that the three-axis control. In the 3D model printing method,
The liquid material A and the liquid material A are mixed with metal nanoparticles in a predetermined ratio, and the absorption of X-rays is adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the metal nanoparticles, and the adjusted absorption of X-rays is determined by the human body. Providing a movement in a predetermined direction at a predetermined period in a cartridge having a receiving portion for accommodating a plurality of materials for a structure and a material for forming a support with a material B manufactured to be set to suit the absorption of each portion of the cartridge;
Receiving, by a material spraying head, a support material and a plurality of structural materials accommodated in the cartridge, and simultaneously or selectively spraying the support material and the materials A and B; And
And forming a 3D model by UV curing the material for the support and the material A or the material B sprayed by the material spraying head to form a 3D model. The method of claim 7,
The liquid material is a photopolymerizable polymer or a PC-based polymer,
3D model printing method of a material spray method, characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are mixed with the liquid material in a predetermined ratio. The method of claim 8,
The metal nanoparticles are 3D model printing method of a material spray method, characterized in that the nanoparticles are any one of iron oxide, barium sulfate, and tungsten trioxide. The method of claim 9,
In the case of the photopolymerizable polymer,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed within a range of 0.16% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed within a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the total weight of the mixed material is mixed within the range of 0.003% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is in the range of 0.082% by weight or more and 0.3% by weight or less. 3D model printing method of a material spray method, characterized in that. The method of claim 9,
In the case of the above PC-based polymer
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of iron oxide or barium sulfate nanoparticles in the total weight is mixed in a range of 0.48% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, mixed in a range of 4% by weight or more and 16% by weight or less,
In the case of enlarged lungs, the composition ratio of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles to the total weight is mixed within the range of 0.01% by weight or less, and in the case of contracted lungs and muscles, the mixture is mixed in the range of 0.088% by weight or more and 0.31% by weight or less. 3D model printing method using the material spraying method. The method of claim 7,
Further provided with a cartridge actuator capable of 3-axis control,
The 3D model printing method of the material injection method, characterized in that the cartridge actuator shakes the cartridge at a predetermined period to agitate the support material and a plurality of structural materials accommodated in the receiving portion of the cartridge.

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