KR102143554B1 - 촉매, 촉매의 제조방법 및 초임계에탄올에서 촉매를 이용한 바이오매스로부터 알킬페놀류의 생산방법 - Google Patents
촉매, 촉매의 제조방법 및 초임계에탄올에서 촉매를 이용한 바이오매스로부터 알킬페놀류의 생산방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102143554B1 KR102143554B1 KR1020180065052A KR20180065052A KR102143554B1 KR 102143554 B1 KR102143554 B1 KR 102143554B1 KR 1020180065052 A KR1020180065052 A KR 1020180065052A KR 20180065052 A KR20180065052 A KR 20180065052A KR 102143554 B1 KR102143554 B1 KR 102143554B1
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- oil
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- C07C37/007—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by obtaining phenols from products, waste products or side-products of processes, not directed to the production of phenols, by conversion or working-up from the tar industry
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Abstract
Description
도 2에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 촉매 및 촉매 지지체들의 XRD 패턴을 나타내었다.
도 3 내지 도 5에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 촉매 및 촉매 지지체들의 질소 흡착/탈착 등온선을 나타내었다.
도 6에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 촉매 및 촉매 지지체들의 전자현미경 사진(SEM image)을 나타내었다.
도 7에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 촉매의 TPR(Temperature-Programmed Reduction) 분석 데이터를 나타내었다.
도 8에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 초임계에탄올에서 바이오타르의 촉매 반응에 의한 알킬페놀류 실험에 사용한 반응기와 실험순서를 나타내었다.
도 9에 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 바이오타르의 초임계에탄올 반응으로부터 얻은 액상 생성물의 GC-MS 분석 결과를 나타내었다.
지지체 | 활성 성분 | |
실시예 1 (E1) | KOH-AC(S2) | Mg-Ni-Mo |
실시예 2 (E2) | SBA-15(S3) | Mg-Ni-Mo |
비교예 1 (C1) | AC(S1) | Mg-Ni-Mo |
비교예 2 (C2) | SBA-15(S3) | Ni |
비교예 3 (C3) | SBA-15(S3) | Ni-Mo |
구성 | BET비표면적 (m2/g) |
기공부피 (Vp) (cm3/g) |
메조기공부피 (mesoVp) (cm3/g) |
평균기공지름 (dp) (nm) |
|
S1 | AC | 687.9 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 3.51 |
S2 | KOH-AC | 1310.1 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 2.96 |
S3 | SBA-15 | 706.5 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 5.49 |
S4 | KIT-6 | 819.3 | 126 | 1.15 | 6.16 |
E1 | Mg-Ni-Mo /KOH-AC |
786.3 | 0.54 | 0.30 | 2.73 |
E2 | Mg-Ni-Mo /SBA-15 |
380.9 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 5.07 |
C1 | Mg-Ni-Mo /AC |
518.4 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 3.25 |
C2 | Ni /SBA-15 |
488.3 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 5.61 |
C3 | Ni-Mo /SBA-15 |
305.8 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 5.42 |
생성물분포 (wt%) | 액상 생성물 특징 | ||||||||
액상 | 기상 | 고상 | H2O (wt%) | TAN (mgKOH/g) |
원소조성 (wt%) | ||||
C | H | O | N | ||||||
Bio-tar | - | - | - | 14.8 | 40.3 | 62.5 | 6.9 | 30.5 | 0.1 |
무촉매 | 55.9 | 6.3 | 37.8 | 0.7 | 27.0 | 70.1 | 8.2 | 19.1 | 0.1 |
AC | 75.7 | 7.6 | 16.7 | 0.5 | 26.2 | 70.2 | 8.3 | 19.3 | 2.2 |
KOH-AC | 77.6 | 9.2 | 13.2 | 1.4 | 24.0 | 77.0 | 8.2 | 14.6 | 0.2 |
SBA-15 | 55.8 | 16.7 | 27.5 | 1.58 | 16.9 | 75.4 | 7.8 | 16.7 | 0.1 |
KIT-6 | 50.1 | 13.6 | 36.3 | 1.18 | 21.8 | 76.5 | 7.8 | 15.6 | 0.1 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/ KOH-AC |
82.5 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 17.8 | 78.1 | 8.8 | 13.0 | 0.1 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/ SBA-15 |
64.7 | 27.1 | 8.2 | 0.75 | 3.4 | 80.3 | 8.4 | 11.0 | 0.3 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/AC | 82.3 | 9.6 | 8.1 | 2.6 | 21.5 | 77.8 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 0.4 |
Ni/SBA-15 | 59.7 | 18.5 | 21.8 | 1.39 | 8.5 | 77.9 | 7.7 | 14.3 | 0.2 |
Ni-Mo/SBA-15 | 60.8 | 22.6 | 16.6 | 1.01 | 7.8 | 79.5 | 8.5 | 11.6 | 0.5 |
페놀류 분포 (area%) | |||
알킬 페놀류 (alkyl phenols) |
산화 페놀류 (oxygenated phenols) |
총 페놀류 (total phenols) |
|
Bio-tar | 9.4 | 48.3 | 57.7 |
무촉매 | 24.7 | 24.1 | 48.8 |
AC | 33.6 | 39.5 | 73.1 |
KOH-AC | 26.2 | 26.8 | 53.0 |
SBA-15 | 42.1 | 18.9 | 61.0 |
KIT-6 | 29.5 | 32.7 | 62.2 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/ KOH-AC |
42.1 | 19.5 | 61.6 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/ SBA-15 |
44.3 | 9.7 | 54.0 |
Mg-Ni-Mo/AC | 30.5 | 16.6 | 47.1 |
Ni/SBA-15 | 20.0 | 41.2 | 61.2 |
Ni-Mo/SBA-15 | 53.9 | 6.8 | 60.7 |
운전조건 | 페놀류 분포 (area%) | |||
반응시간 (분) | 반응온도 (℃) | 알킬 페놀류 (alkyl phenols) |
산화 페놀류 (oxygenated phenols) |
총 페놀류 (total phenols) |
60 | 300 | 21.8 | 37.6 | 59.4 |
350 | 42.1 | 19.5 | 61.6 | |
400 | 60.4 | 1.8 | 62.2 | |
0 | 400 | 34.9 | 20.5 | 55.4 |
60 | 60.4 | 1.8 | 62.2 | |
120 | 55.0 | 0.6 | 55.6 |
운전조건 | 페놀류 분포 (area%) | ||
반응온도 (℃) | 알킬 페놀류 (alkyl phenols) |
산화 페놀류 (oxygenated phenols) |
총 페놀류 (total phenols) |
275 | 26.3 | 29.5 | 55.8 |
300 | 36.7 | 16.1 | 52.8 |
375 | 49.5 | 12.2 | 61.7 |
350 | 44.3 | 9.7 | 54.0 |
Claims (19)
- 알코올의 초임계 상태 조건하에서 반응물 원료 중 페놀류의 탈산소 반응을 촉진시키는 촉매로서,
2∼50nm 크기의 메조기공을 갖는 지지체로서 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체 또는 다공성 실리카를 포함하는 지지체; 및
상기 지지체에 담지되는 니켈(Ni), 몰리브덴(Mo) 및 마그네슘(Mg)을 포함하는 활성 물질;을 포함하고,
상기 활성 물질은 초임계 상태의 상기 알코올을 분해하여 수소 또는 환원성 라디칼을 형성하며,
상기 수소 또는 환원성 라디칼은 상기 페놀류로부터 산소를 제거하는
바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체는,
상기 알칼리 금속으로 리튬(Li), 나트륨(Na) 및 칼륨(K)로 구성되는 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상을 포함하고,
상기 탄소체로 활성 차콜(activated charcoal), 다공성 탄소(mesoporous carbon), 흑연(graphite), 탄소나노튜브(carbon nanotube), 그래핀(graphene) 및 풀러린(fullerene)으로 구성되는 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제2항에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체는 BET 비표면적이 1000 내지 1500 m2/g 이고, 전체 기공 부피 중 메조크기 기공의 부피가 60% 이상이며, 평균 공극 직경(pore diameter)이 2 내지 4nm 인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 다공성 실리카는 메조크기의 기공들이 일차원적으로 연결된 육방(hexagonal) 구조의 다공성 실리카인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제4항에 있어서,
상기 다공성 실리카는 BET 비표면적이 700 내지 900 m2/g 이고, 평균 공극 직경(pore diameter)이 3 내지 7nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 물질은 상기 지지체의 총 중량을 기준으로 15 내지 25 중량%의 니켈(Ni), 5 내지 20 중량%의 몰리브덴(Mo) 및 1 내지 5 중량%의 마그네슘(Mg)을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 촉매는 BET 비표면적이 300 내지 800m2/g 이고, 전체 기공 부피 중 메조크기 기공의 부피가 50% 이상이며, 평균 기공 직경이 2 내지 6nm 인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매.
- 알코올의 초임계 상태 조건하에서 반응물 원료 중 페놀류의 탈산소 반응을 촉진시키는 촉매의 제조방법으로서,
니켈(Ni), 몰리브덴(Mo) 및 마그네슘(Mg)을 포함하고, 초임계 상태의 상기 알코올을 분해하여 수소 또는 환원성 라디칼을 형성하는 활성 물질의 전구체를 2∼50nm 크기의 메조기공을 갖는 지지체로서 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체 또는 다공성 실리카를 포함하는 지지체에 담지하는 담지단계(S10); 및
상기 활성 물질의 전구체가 담지된 지지체를 활성화시키는 활성화단계(S20);를 포함하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 담지단계(S10)는 상기 지지체를 제조하는 지지체 제조단계(S11);
상기 활성물질의 전구체로서 활성물질을 포함하는 염수화물(hydrated salt)을 증류수에 녹여 전구체 용액을 제조하는 전구체 용액 제조단계(S12); 및
상기 전구체 용액에 지지체를 함침하여 촉매 화합물을 제조하는 촉매 화합물 제조단계(S13);를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 지지체 제조단계(S11)는 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체를 제조하는 단계(S111)로서,
알칼리 금속의 수산화물을 증류수에 녹인 후, 탄소체와 상기 알칼리 금속의 수산화물의 무게비가 3:1 내지 5:1 이 되도록 상기 탄소체를 투입하여 혼합하고, 이후 증류수를 증발시켜 건조시킨 후 700 내지 900℃, 질소 분위기에서 40 내지 80분 동안 처리하여 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체 지지체를 제조하는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 지지체 제조단계(S11)는 메조크기의 기공들이 일차원적으로 연결된 육방(hexagonal) 구조의 다공성 실리카를 제조하는 단계(S112a)로서,
트리블록코폴리머를 증류수에 넣어 균일한 혼합물을 만든 다음 강산을 첨가하여 산성 혼합물을 제조하고, 실리카 전구체를 넣고 상온에서 20 내지 30 시간 혼합한 후 반응물을 밀폐된 용기에서 80 내지 100℃에서 45 내지 50 시간 동안 정치(aging)한 다음 고형분을 분리하여 건조한 후 480 내지 530℃, 공기 분위기에서 5 내지 7 시간 소성(calcination)하여 메조크기의 기공들이 일차원적으로 연결된 육방(hexagonal) 구조의 다공성 실리카를 제조하는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 활성화단계(S20)는 전구체 용액에 담지된 지지체를 포함하는 촉매 화합물을 소성하는 소성단계(S21) 및 소성된 촉매 화합물을 환원하는 환원단계(S22)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 알코올의 초임계 상태 조건하에서 반응물 원료 중 페놀류의 탈산소 반응을 촉진시키는 촉매를 이용하여 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법으로서,
상기 촉매는 2∼50nm 크기의 메조기공을 갖는 지지체로서 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체 또는 다공성 실리카를 포함하는 지지체 및 상기 지지체에 담지되는 니켈(Ni), 몰리브덴(Mo) 및 마그네슘(Mg)을 포함하는 활성 물질을 포함하며,
상기 활성 물질은 초임계 상태의 상기 알코올을 분해하여 수소 또는 환원성 라디칼을 형성하고,
상기 수소 또는 환원성 라디칼은 상기 페놀류로부터 산소를 제거하는
바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,
상기 촉매를 이용하여 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법은,
목질계 바이오매스의 급속열분해유로부터 바이오타르(bio-tar) 분을 분리하여 반응원료를 준비하는 준비단계(D10);
바이오타르를 알코올과 혼합한 후 촉매와 함께 고압 회분식 반응기에 투입하는 투입단계(D20);
반응기를 가열한 후 반응온도에 도달하면 반응시간 동안 유지하여 반응시키는 반응단계(D30); 및
반응이 완료된 후 냉각시키는 냉각단계(D40);를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 투입단계(D20)는 상기 바이오타르 10 중량부에 대하여 99% 내지 99.99% 순도의 에탄올 30 내지 50 중량부와 혼합한 후 상기 촉매 1 내지 5 중량부를 고압 회분식 반응기에 투입하는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 반응단계(D30)는 상기 반응기가 5 내지 15bar의 초기압력을 나타내도록 질소를 주입하고 반응기를 350 내지 400℃가 될 때까지 가열하고 상기 온도에 도달하면 40 내지 100분 동안 유지하여 반응시키는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 반응단계(D30)는 상기 알칼리 금속의 수산화물로 처리된 탄소체를 지지체로 한 촉매를 사용하고, 상기 반응기가 5 내지 15bar의 초기압력을 나타내도록 질소를 주입하고 반응기를 380 내지 400℃가 될 때까지 가열하고 상기 온도에 도달하면 40 내지 80분 동안 유지하여 반응시키는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 반응단계(D30)는 상기 다공성 실리카를 지지체로 한 촉매를 사용하고, 상기 반응기가 5 내지 15bar의 초기압력을 나타내도록 질소를 주입하고 반응기를 350 내지 380℃가 될 때까지 가열하고 상기 온도에 도달하면 40 내지 80분 동안 유지하여 반응시키는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 냉각단계(D40) 이후에 얻어진 반응 생성물인 기상, 액상 및 고상 생성물을 분리하는 단계(D50)를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오오일로부터 알킬페놀류를 생성하는 방법.
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