KR101877925B1 - feed composition for the abalone - Google Patents

Abstract

[0001] The present invention relates to a compound feed composition for use in a body, and more particularly, to a fish meal and an axilla sac, and the fish meal can be replaced by a buccal sac by adjusting the weight ratio of the fish meal and the axilla sac to 3: 1 to 1: 8. As well as to improve the growth and productivity of the abalone.

Description

Feed composition for the abalone < RTI ID = 0.0 >

[0001] The present invention relates to a compound feed composition for use in a body, and more particularly, to a fish meal and an axilla sac, and the fish meal can be replaced by a buccal sac by adjusting the weight ratio of the fish meal and the axilla sac to 3: 1 to 1: 8. As well as to improve the growth and productivity of the abalone.

In the case of abalone farm in Korea, it is preferred to supply seaweed or sea tangle which is a wild food because of abalone breeding management.

However, algae such as seaweed or sea tangle such as the wild-caught fish have lower nutritional requirements for the growth of abalone, especially lower than the requirement of 25-35% of protein (amino acid) and 3-7% of lipid (fatty acid) %) And lipid (less than 2%), and as reported in many studies, feeding abalone diets with abalone feeds over abalone produces better abalone growth than feeding unaltered algae to abalone have.

Therefore, it is preferable to feed the whole feed composition including abalone, fish meal and vitamins as well as the seaweed ingredients for the abalone farming. In the case of the whole feed composition, fish meal is used as the main protein source 10 to 20%, indicating problems in terms of price and supply.

In other words, fish meal is a good quality feed protein source well balanced with various nutrients, but it has a problem of high price and unstable supply due to heavy catch variation. Therefore, it is important to reduce the addition of the fish meal in order to provide a stable supply of economical feeds. Therefore, it is inevitable to develop a cheap and stable protein source that can replace fish meal.

So far, studies have been conducted to develop alternative protein sources both domestically and internationally. To date, vegetable proteins such as peanut, soybean, coconut, corn and rice have been relatively well balanced and have higher protein content than other peaches, Soybean meal has been studied as a substitute raw material for fish meal (Stewart, JW et al., Supplementation of a semipurified casein diet for catfish with free amino acids and gelatin, Journal of Nutrition. -1156, 1977); (Viola, S. et al., Effects of soybean processing method on the growth of carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Aquaculture, 32, 27-38, 1983). In recent years, however, the demand for soybean meal has increased and the price of soybean meal has been rising. Therefore, it is inevitable to develop a substitute protein source which is more stable and low in price.

On the other hand, it is considered to be one of the causes of marine pollution caused by marine ectoparasites which are mainly discharged into the sea except for the sea urchin edible part which is used as food, but the crude protein content is high, Reached about 23,000 tons.

Accordingly, the present inventors have developed feeds that replace costly fish meal contained in the whole-dose mixed feed with buckwheat sacs, and that the buckwheat sacs contain more than about 40% protein, , The present invention has been completed.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a compound feed composition for feeding comprising a fish meal and a bovine pericardium, wherein the weight ratio of the fish meal and the buccal pouch is 3: 1 to 1: 8. The problem is solved.

According to an aspect of the present invention,

Wherein the weight ratio of the fish meal and the axillae sac to the fish meal is from 3: 1 to 1: 8.

The fish meal and the buccal pouch are contained in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, and the buccal pouch is contained in 5 to 90% of the total weight of the fish meal and the buccal pouch. Preferably, the buccal sac comprises 20 to 90% of the total weight of the fish meal and the buccal sac.

The compound feed composition for abalone farming according to the present invention includes a dorsal crus and a fish meal, and the dorsal crus can be replaced with a dorsal crus containing 5 to 90% of the total weight of the fish meal and the buccal pus.

In addition, the fish meal can be replaced with an axilla, but the abalone growth and the nutrient content of the edible portion can be improved, so that the abalone can be cultured more easily.

In addition, the present invention includes marine pellets, which have been largely abandoned in the sea, as an effective ingredient of a composition for abalone farming, thereby preventing marine pollution and at the same time being cheap and available throughout the year, It is effective.

[0001] The present invention relates to a compound feed composition for use in a body, and more particularly, to a fish meal and an axilla sac, and the fish meal can be replaced by a buccal sac by adjusting the weight ratio of the fish meal and the axilla sac to 3: 1 to 1: 8. As well as improving the growth and productivity of the abalone. In addition, the compound feed composition for abalone farming according to the present invention is characterized in that it is particularly for growing abalone.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the present invention, the compound feed composition for the whole body includes fish meal and a buccal sac, and the weight ratio of the fish meal and the buccal sac is 3: 1 to 1: 8.

At this time, the composition is characterized by containing 5 to 40% by weight of fish meal and axillary pouch. And preferably 15 to 40% by weight of the fish meal and the buccal crotch so as to sufficiently supply nutrients while preventing the growth of the abalone from being slowed down.

In addition, it is characterized by the replacement of the fish meal component of the axillae.

In particular, the composition is characterized in that the fish meal is replaced by the buckwheat rind by containing the fish meal and the venipous sac in a weight ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 8.

More specifically, the buccal sac is contained in the composition in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, and preferably 5 to 90%, relative to the total weight of fish meal and buckwheat sac containing 15 to 40% by weight do.

More preferably, the buccal cyst comprises 20 to 90% of the total weight of the fish meal and the buccal cyst.

Also, the composition may contain 10 to 30% by weight of a protein source, 5 to 25% by weight of a carbohydrate source, 1 to 10% by weight of a lipid source and 5 to 20% by weight of seaweed, 5 to 40% .

This is because, when it is out of the above range, the shell of the abalone is excessively developed due to the excess or deficiency of the nutrient component, resulting in a problem of deterioration of the merchantability as a food. Especially, Is contained in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight.

Also, at this time, the protein source is at least one selected from the group consisting of crustacean, cottonseed meal, crustacean powder, casein and soybean meal, and the carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of wheat flour, dextrin, , And the lipid source is at least one selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, fish oil, woji and squid liver oil.

In this case, the seaweed is not particularly limited and is generally characterized by being seaweed, sea tangle or a mixture thereof.

The composition may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, and additives. The vitamins, minerals, and additives are not particularly limited, And may include materials used.

Specifically, the vitamins and minerals are used for growth and disease prevention. Examples of the vitamin mix include ascorbic acid,? -Tocopheryl acetate, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, calcium-D-pantothenate (P-aminobenzoic acid), vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, choline chloride, cyanocobalamin cyanocobalamin and the like can be used. The mineral mix includes NaCl, MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, NaH ₂ PO ₄ .2H ₂ O, KH ₂ PO ₄ , CaH ₄ (PO ₄ ) ₂ .H ₂ O, ferric sites rate _{(ferric citrate), ZnSO 4 ·} 7H 2 0, Ca-lactate (calcium lactate), CuCl, AlCl 3 · 6H 2 0, KIO 3, Na 2 Se 2 O 3, MnSO 4 · H 2 0, CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, and the like.

The additives may include conventional feed additive materials including sodium alginate as a viscosity agent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.

<Examples>

Manufacture of compound feed for abalone farming

Feeds containing 20% fish meal in the abalone diet were prepared and contained as a control group.

FM20, FM40, FM60, and FM80 were prepared for abalone cultures in which the fish meal was replaced with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% And FM100, respectively.

In order to satisfy the protein and lipid requirements of the abalone to maintain the protein and lipid contents in the whole feed composition and to maintain the protein and lipid requirements in the FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80 and FM100, The content of wheat flour (14.6%) was lowered by 3% when the high content of fish meal (73.2%) was replaced with that of buckwheat (44.8%).

The components and contents of the control group, FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80 and FM100, which are the above-described compounded diets for abalone breeding, are summarized in Table 1 below.

In addition, the nutrient composition of the compound feed for abalone cultivation is shown in Table 1 in comparison with the dry weight.

ingredient Mixed feed (%, based on dry weight) Control group FM20 FM40 FM60 FM80 FM100 Gunmi Station Fish meal
(Crude protein: 73.2%, crude lipid: 0.7%) 20 16 12 8 4 0 -








Soybean meal 10 10 10 10 10 10 Casein 7 7 7 7 7 7 Orygium Pinang
(Crude protein: 44.8%, crude lipid: 1.1%) 0 7 14 21 28 35 Wheat flour
(Crude protein: 14.6%, crude lipid: 4.1%) 15 12 9 6 3 0 dextrin 5 5 5 5 5 5 Kelp 15 15 15 15 15 15 Squid liver oil 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Soybean oil 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Sodium alginate 22 22 22 22 22 22 Mineral premix ^* 3 3 3 3 3 3 Vitamin premixes ^** 2 2 2 2 2 2 total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Nutritional composition (%, based on dry weight) Building 88.2 86.4 87.5 91.3 89.6 86.8 86.0 Crude protein 28.8 28.6 28.0 27.8 27.7 27.4 20.7 Crude lipid 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.1 0.8 Ash 15.8 16.8 16.8 16.7 18.7 21.1 36.1 Mineral premix (g kg ^-1 mix): NaCl, 10; MgSO ₄揃 7H ₂ O, 150; NaH ₂ PO ₄ .2H ₂ O, 250; KH ₂ PO ₄ , 320; CaH ₄ (PO ₄ ) ₂ .H ₂ O, 200; Ferric citrate, 25; ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 4; Ca-lactate, 38.5; CuCl, 0.3; AlCl ₃ .6H ₂ O, 0.15; KIO ₃ , 0.03; Na ₂ Se ₂ O ₃ , 0.01; MnSO ₄ .H ₂ O, 2; CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, 0.1.
** Vitamin premix (g kg ^-1 mix): L-ascorbic acid diluted in cellulose, 200; α-tocopheryl acetate, 20; thiamin hydrochloride, 5; riboflavin, 8; pyridoxine, 2; niacin, 40; Ca-D-pantothenate, 12; myo-inositol, 200; D-biotin, 0.4; folic acid, 1.5; p-amino benzoic acid, 20; K ₃ , 4; A, 1.5; D ₃ , 0.003; cholinechloride, 200; cyanocobalamin, 0.003.

Abalone experiment

The abalone used in the experiments was purchased from a private farm and adapted for 2 weeks in aquaculture conditions. During the adaptation period, dry sea tangle was supplied at 2 ~ 3% of the whole day once a day.

Thirty 70 rolled abalone (average grain weight: 3.3g) were housed in 21 70L plastic receptacles (120cm × 36cm), dispersed in three ten-ton concrete raceways (quantity: 2.8 tons) Respectively.

In addition, a shelter was provided in the plastic receptacle to provide a hiding place for the abalone.

The above-prepared abalone was supplied with sufficient amount (3% of the total) of the FM 20 abalone form once a day (17:00), and the remaining food was removed daily.

Mean mean water temperature (Mean ± SD) during the experiment was 24.6 ± 3.60 ℃, the amount of water per raceway was 76.3L / min, and the light followed the natural light cycle.

Abalone aquaculture experiments were conducted for a total of 16 weeks.

In addition, abalone experiment was carried out for the control groups FM40, FM60, FM80 and FM100, which are the compound feed diets for abalone cultivation, by the same procedure as above.

In addition, in order to more easily understand the abalone culturing efficiency of the compound feed for abalone cultivation, abalone culturing experiment was carried out by supplying the wild unrefined food, Kimmi, under the same conditions as the above feed.

<Analysis>

At the end of the abalone experiment, 30 abalones survived in each experiment were randomly sampled and frozen.

The length and width of each abalone were measured using digital calipers (Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan).

For nutritional status index measurements, the ratio of edible portion to total weight was also measured.

The general components of the experimental feed and abalone edible portion were analyzed according to the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990), the crude protein was analyzed according to the Kjeldahl system (Auto Kjeldahl System, Buchi B-324/435/412, Switzerland) Were analyzed by ether extraction method. The samples were stored at 550 ℃ for 4 hours and quantified.

Moisture was measured after drying in a 105 ° C dry oven for 24 hours.

Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test using the SAS version 9.3 program (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) Respectively.

(1) Weight gain, survival rate and daily growth rate of abalone

Survival rate, weight gain and daily growth rate of abalone according to the feed were analyzed for abalone cultured for 16 weeks with different feeds as shown in Table 2 below.

Initial weight
(Initial weight)
(g abalone- ¹ ) Final weight
Final weight (gabalone- ¹ ) Survival rate
Survival
(%) Weight gain
Weight gain
(g abalone- ¹ ) Daily growth rate
SGR ¹
(% day ^-1 ) Control group 3.4 ± 0.01 6.2 ± 0.09 ^ab 93.3 ± 0.95 ^a 2.9 ± 0.10 ^bc 0.55 + 0.015 ^b FM20 3.4 ± 0.01 6.5 ± 0.08 ^a 91.0 ± 0.95 ^a 3.2 ± 0.08 ^a 0.59 ± 0.011 ^a FM40 3.3 ± 0.00 6.4 ± 0.12 ^a 91.9 ± 0.95 ^a 3.1 ± 0.12 ^ab 0.59 + 0.016 ^a FM60 3.3 ± 0.01 6.3 ± 0.06 ^ab 91.9 ± 0.48 ^a 2.9 ± 0.05 ^abc 0.56 ± 0.006 ^ab FM80 3.3 ± 0.01 6.2 ± 0.80 ^b 94.3 ± 1.43 ^a 2.8 ± 0.08 ^cd 0.54 ± 0.011 ^bc FM100 3.4 ± 0.02 6.0 ± 0.03 ^b 91.9 ± 2.08 ^a 2.6 ± 0.02 ^d 0.52 ± 0.004 ^c Gunmi Station 3.3 ± 0.00 5.2 ± 0.03 ^c 88.6 ± 2.18 ^a 1.9 ± 0.03 ^e 0.40 0.005 ^d F-value 29.1 1.6 34.5 41.2 P -value P < 0.0001 P > 0.2 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 * The same letter in the superscripts of each measurement was not statistically significant (P> 0.05)
* The daily growth rate (SGR,% body weight gain / day) was calculated according to the following equation.
[Mathematical Expression]
Growth rate (SGR) = [(In (Wf) -In (Wi)) / number of pay days] x 100
(In (Wf) is the natural logarithm of the final average weight of rollover, In (Wi) is the natural logarithm of the initial average weight of rollover.

As shown in Table 2 above, the survival rate of abalone was 88% or more in all the feeds regardless of the type of feed, and it was confirmed that there was no significant difference in substitution of fish meal in the diets for the fish meal there was.

On the other hand, in the increase of abalone and the specific growth rate, FM20 showed no significant difference from FM40 and FM60 (P> 0.05), but FM80, FM100 and control group, (P <0.05). The results of this study are as follows.

In addition, in the increase of abalone concentration, the control group was significantly higher (P <0.05) than FM100 feed and dried feed, but not significantly different from FM40, FM60 and FM80 (P < 0.05).

It was confirmed that fish meal showed significantly higher growth (weight gain and daily growth rate) than FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80 and FM100, which replaced fish meal with acanthopanax, and all the feeds of the control group, (P < 0.05).

From the above results, it was found that the fish meal could be substituted for the fish meal by up to 80% when 20% of the fish meal was added to the whole feed mixture.

(2) Analysis of the length, width, and height of abalone

The shell length, shell width, shell height, soft body weight and edible weight / total weight of the abalone according to the above feed for the abalone cultured for 16 weeks with different feeds (Soft body weight / total weight) were analyzed and shown in Table 3 below.

Chief
(mm) Width
(mm) Each
(mm) Weight of edible part
(g) Weight of edible part / total weight Control group 39.7 ± 0.02 ^c 26.8 ± 0.00 ^cd 9.1 ± 0.01 ^ab 3.9 ± 0.00 ^cd 0.63 + - 0.000 ^b FM20 40.4 + 0.02 ^a 27.7 + 0.02 ^a 9.5 + 0.03 ^a 4.2 ± 0.01 ^a 0.65 ± 0.001 ^a FM40 40.2 ± 0.02 ^ab 27.5 + 0.04 ^b 9.3 + 0.02 ^a 4.1 ± 0.04 ^ab 0.65 ± 0.004 ^a FM60 39.8 ± 0.02 ^bc 26.9 ± 0.01 ^c 9.2 ± 0.02 ^ab 4.0 ± 0.01 ^bc 0.64 ± 0.001 ^b FM80 39.4 ± 0.03 ^c 26.6 ± 0.03 ^d 9.0 ± 0.03 ^ab 3.8 ± 0.02 ^d 0.62 ± 0.000 ^c FM100 38.5 ± 0.03 ^d 25.4 ± 0.03 ^e 8.7 ± 0.03 ^b 3.5 ± 0.02 ^e 0.60 ± 0.001 ^d Gunmi Station 37.9 ± 0.35 ^e 24.7 ± 0.23 ^f 8.0 ± 0.43 ^c 3.0 ± 0.11 ^f 0.61 ± 0.007 ^d F-value 38.8 168.0 9.7 75.5 33.4 P -value P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.003 P < 0.0001 P < 0.001 * The same letter in the superscripts of each measurement was not statistically significant (P> 0.05)

Referring to Table 3, it was found that FM20 was significantly longer (P <0.05) than that of FM60, FM80, FM100, and GM100, but not significantly different from that of FM40 (P> 0.05).

In the control group, the abalone bracken length was significantly longer (P <0.05) than FM100 and FM100, but was not significantly different from FM60 and FM80 (P> 0.05) Was the shortest in the length of abalone.

FM20 was significantly wider than that of all feeds (P <0.05), and width of FM20 was broader in the order of FM20, FM40, FM60, control group, FM80, FM100, and GM100.

There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between FM20 and FM40 in the abalone, compared with other experimental diets (P> 0.05) ).

The weight of the overturned edible portion of the abalone was lower than that of FM40 (P <0.05). The weight of the overturned edible portion of FM20 was significantly heavier than that of FM40.

The ratio of the edible portion to the total weight of the abalone is the abalone of FM20 and FM40 control, FM60, FM80. (P <0.05).

From the above results, it was confirmed that the nutritional status indices (abdomen, width, height, weight of edible portion, and edible portion ratio) of abalone were similar to those of abalone growth (weight gain and daily growth rate).

(3) Analysis of composition of abalone edible portion

The components of the abalone edible portion according to the above feed were analyzed for the abalone cultured for 16 weeks with different feeds as shown in Table 4 below.

moisture
(Moisture) Crude protein
(Crude protein) Crude lipid
(Crude lipid) Ash
(Ash) Control group 75.2 ± 0.03 ^ab 18.6 ± 0.01 ^a 1.3 ± 0.01 ^a 2.6 ± 0.01 ^a FM20 75.1 ± 0.12 ^ab 18.6 + 0.03 ^a 1.4 ± 0.01 ^a 2.6 ± 0.01 ^a FM40 75.4 + 0.01 ^a 18.6 ± 0.01 ^a 1.3 ± 0.01 ^a 2.6 ± 0.01 ^a FM60 75.3 ± 0.07 ^ab 18.6 + 0.02 ^a 1.3 ± 0.01 ^a 2.6 ± 0.01 ^a FM80 75.2 ± 0.15 ^ab 18.6 + 0.03 ^a 1.3 ± 0.01 ^a 2.6 ± 0.00 ^a FM100 75.0 + 0.04 ^b 18.6 ± 0.07 ^a 1.3 ± 0.02 ^a 2.6 ± 0.00 ^a Gunmi Station 74.1 ± 0.11 ^c 15.9 ± 0.09 ^b 0.8 ± 0.01 ^b 2.0 ± 0.02 ^b F-value 23.6 510.6 605.8 551.1 P-value P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 * The same letter in the superscripts of each measurement was not statistically significant (P> 0.05)

FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80 and FM100 in which the fish meal was replaced with a venomous fish meal and the abalone edible portion of the control group were significantly higher than those of the abalone edible portion fed with the feed of dried fish in both moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash (P <0.05), respectively.

  From the above results, it was concluded that 20% fish meal supplementation in whole-dose diets did not adversely affect the growth of abalone (weight gain and daily growth rate) by replacing fish meal with up to 80%

Especially, when the fish meal was replaced by sea urchin fish 20%, the best abalone growth was observed.

While the present invention has been described in connection with certain exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, And various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the patent scope.

Claims (7)

7 to 28 parts by weight of fish oil, 4 to 16 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 7 parts by weight of casein, 3 to 12 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight of dextrin, 15 parts by weight of squid liver oil, 0.5 parts by weight of soybean oil, 0.5 parts by weight of soybean oil, 22 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 3 parts by weight of minerals and 2 parts by weight of vitamins.
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