KR101735759B1 - Effect of fattening performance and meat quality for Hanwoo steers by dietary supplement of medical herb - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a microorganism which comprises: 1) inoculating a sterilized microorganism to a sterilized medium and culturing the microorganism in a shaking incubator at a temperature of 30 to 40 DEG C and a stirring rate of 80 to 200 rpm for 20 to 28 hours; 2) Inoculating the liquid cultured seeds into a liquid medium, culturing the cells in a fermenter at 30 to 40 캜, a stirring speed of 50 to 150 rpm and an oxygen permeation amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vvm for 10 to 20 hours; 3) 60 to 85% by weight of wheat bran, 1 to 10% by weight of glucose, 1 to 10% by weight of sucrose, 1 to 10% by weight of peptone, potassium hydrogen phosphate The seed culture cultured in step 2) is added to a solid medium containing 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1 to 10 wt% of yeast extract, 1 to 5 wt% of minerals and 1 to 5 wt% And incubating the cells at a temperature of 30 to 40 DEG C and a humidity of 90% or more for 20 to 28 hours; 4) drying the solid cultures produced in step 3); And 5) mixing 0.01 to 5% by weight of the dried solid culture of step 4) with 30 to 60% by weight of the first herbal preparation and 35 to 65% by weight of the yeast culture. And a manufacturing method thereof. When the herbicide prepared by the method of the present invention is added to the livestock feed, the improvement of the meat quality and the ability of the livestock feed of the livestock are improved.

Description

[0002] The effect of fattening performance and meat quality of Hanwoo steers on dietary supplementation of medicinal herbs was investigated.

The present invention relates to a herbicide for feed addition and a feed containing the herbicide for improving meat quality and meat quality of fermented Hanwoo.

 And the launch of an FTA, the market for imported livestock products has entered an age of infinite competition, and imports of livestock products have been increasing, and the world has been transformed into a single market. At this time, the challenge for the Korean livestock industry is to raise international competitiveness by reducing the production cost of livestock products, quality upgrading or production of functional livestock products, and developing differentiated livestock products to respond to imports are urgently needed. Therefore, farmers are making efforts to increase the income of farm households by producing high quality livestock products, improving quality of meat and improving productivity by promoting growth rate.

One way is to add additives to the livestock. In a study on medicinal herbs, non-patent reference 1 shows that the crude protein content of the pellet of oriental herbal medicine residues (POMR) prepared by using the residual medicinal material residue after extracting the liquid from the herbal medicinal herb was 11.4%, the NDF content was 50.0% And the TDN content was 61.7%. In addition, it was reported that, even if a part of the feed was substituted for the feed of the herbal medicine pellet (PORM), there was no difference in the feed intake and the amount of the feed, and the feed cost could be reduced. Non-Patent Document 2 is to pay a herb medicine for beef was that there was a growth rate increase of 12%, non-patent document 3 was decreased so the higher the addition ratio were fed the herbal medicine by-products to deer NH ₃ -N and pH is gradually significance, The addition of lactic acid bacteria was effective in lowering the NH ₃ -N content in the silage, but not in the pH reduction. In addition, we reported that the preference of byproducts of oriental herb medicine decreased as the level of addition increased. In non-patent document 4, when the pellets of herb medicine were partially substituted for the Hanwoo bulls in the latter stage of frying, the weight gain and feed intake were not different from those of the control. The herbicide by- , And the cross - sectional area and the fat - weight index were not different between the treatments. The degree of intramuscular fatness was significantly improved by herbal medicine by - product than the control.

Accordingly, the present inventors prepared herbicide preparations using six oriental herb preparations (Angelica gigas Nakai, Dangji, Dahlia, Borax, Peony, and Hwanggi) produced in the Bonghwa area, Gyeongbuk province, Korea. The herbal probiotics were added to the feeds, As a result, it was confirmed that the fattening ability was improved and the meat quality was improved, thereby completing the present invention.

1. Bible work. 1997. Feed value of herbal medicine pellets and non-cigarette supports in ruminant livestock. Journal of the Korean Nutrition Society. 21 (6): 511-518. 2. Kim Jong Hee 1995. Chinese herbal medicine technology and commercialization strategy. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyungpook National University 3. Byeong-Tae Jeon, Kyung-Hoon Kim, Sang-Ho Moon, Changwon Kim. 1999. A Study on Silage Fermentation Characteristics of Oriental Herb by-products for Feeding Deer. Journal of the Korean Nutrition Society. 23 (2): 235-241. 4. The Bible, Jung Jong Won, and Kim Sang-Rok. 2001. The Effect of Alternative Feeding of Pelleted Pellets of Herb Medicine on Hanwoo Hydrogen in the Late Forky Period. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 43 (6): 873-880.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a herbal biologically active agent for feed addition.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a livestock feed containing the herbicide prepared by the above method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for feeding herbicide prepared by the above method to livestock.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a microorganism which comprises: 1) inoculating a sterilized microorganism to a sterilized medium and culturing the microorganism in a shaking incubator at a temperature of 30 to 40 DEG C and a stirring rate of 80 to 200 rpm for 20 to 28 hours; 2) Inoculating the liquid cultured seeds into a liquid medium, culturing the cells in a fermenter at 30 to 40 캜, a stirring speed of 50 to 150 rpm and an oxygen permeation amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vvm for 10 to 20 hours; 3) 60 to 85% by weight of wheat bran, 1 to 10% by weight of glucose, 1 to 10% by weight of sucrose, 1 to 10% by weight of peptone, potassium hydrogen phosphate The seed culture cultured in step 2) is added to a solid medium containing 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1 to 10 wt% of yeast extract, 1 to 5 wt% of minerals and 1 to 5 wt% And incubating the cells at a temperature of 30 to 40 DEG C and a humidity of 90% or more for 20 to 28 hours; 4) drying the solid cultures produced in step 3); And 5) 19 to 41% by weight of the yeast culture and 0.1 to 2% by weight of tannin are added to 58 to 80% by weight of the powdered oriental preparations by pulverizing the oriental preparations containing Angelica gigas Nakai, Producing a herbal product; And 6) mixing 0.01 to 5% by weight of the dried solid culture of step 4) with 30 to 60% by weight of the herbal preparation of step 5) and 35 to 65% by weight of the yeast culture. A method for producing a herbal biocide is provided.

The method of manufacturing a herbal biocide for feed addition according to the present invention may include a step of culturing a basic microorganism for producing a biocide as a first step. More concretely, it can be produced by the following steps 1) to 4): seed culture → liquid culture → solid culture.

In addition, the feed additives of the present invention may include oriental herbal preparations prepared by various oriental preparations. Preferably, the herbal preparation of step 5) comprises 19 to 41% by weight of the yeast culture and 0.1 to 40% by weight of tannin 0.1 to 58 to 80% by weight of the powdered oriental preparations by crushing the oriental preparations containing Angelica keiskei, Angelica keiskei, By weight to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. At this time, the addition ratio of the herbal preparation is preferably the same but not limited thereto. The herbal product prepared by the above method may be mixed with the dried solid cultures of step 4) to prepare a herbal biocide for feed addition. Preferably, 0.01 to 5% by weight of the dried solid culture of step 4), 30 to 60% by weight of the first herbal preparation, and 35 to 65% by weight of the yeast culture are mixed together. Can be manufactured. The yeast culture may be any commercially available yeast culture for feed additive. The yeast cultures may preferably contain excipients which are generally included in the feed additive.

In the method for producing the herbal composition according to the present invention, the seed is preferably selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Lactobacillus acidopillus bacteria, Aspergillus niger bacteria, and in Saccharomyces Celebi Asia (Saccharomyces S. cerevisiae ), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Most preferably, the bacterium can be Bacillus subtilis , and in particular, Bacillus subtilis BS300 (KCTC 18263P) can be used.

The solid medium in the step 3) may have a water content preferably adjusted to 30 to 50%, but is not limited thereto.

Also, drying in the step 4) may be performed by hot-air drying at a temperature of 38 to 40 ° C for 24 to 48 hours. But it is not limited thereto, but it can be done by performing hot air drying for about 36 hours to finish drying when the moisture becomes less than 4%. The solid cultured product after step 4) is pulverized and stored at 4 캜 or lower, and can be used for the production of herbal biocides.

The present invention also provides a livestock feed comprising the herbicide prepared by the above method. The herbicide may be formulated in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt.% Per ton of feed, and most preferably 0.2 to 0.5 wt.% Per ton of feed. When paying, one to three times a day can be paid, but not limited to. At this time, the livestock may be preferably a ruminant including cattle, horse, goat, sheep, and the like, but is not limited thereto, preferably can be a cattle, and most preferably can be a cattle, especially a cattle.

The present invention also provides a feeding method characterized in that the herbal probiotic produced by the above method is blended in a range of 0.1 to 1.0 wt.% Per ton of feed to be fed to livestock. In this case, the feeding may be performed one to three times a day, preferably two times a day, but not limited thereto, and can be suitably adjusted according to the nutritional status of the livestock. At this time, the livestock may be preferably a ruminant including cattle, horse, goat, sheep, and the like, but is not limited thereto, preferably can be a cattle, and most preferably can be a cattle, especially a cattle.

In the examples of the present invention, it was confirmed that the addition of the herbicide prepared by the above-mentioned method to the roasted Hanwoo resulted in improving the conductor grade, sensory test and unsaturated fatty acid. Also added about 0.5% growing period and the mixture ratio of the herbal material → fattening electric about 0.5% → finishing medium from about 0.5% → fattening reviews improved meat quality improvement and finishing capabilities the addition of about 0.2% and to increase economical income of farmhouse Respectively.

When the herbicide prepared by the method of the present invention is added to the livestock feed, it has an effect of improving the meat quality of the livestock and improving the capacity of the feed of the livestock, and further contributing to the farm income.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a step of culturing a microorganism in a first step in the process of producing a herbicide.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the steps of producing the probiotics in the second step and the third step in the process of producing the herbal biologically active agent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

< Example  1> Disclosure axis  And specification management

 This test was carried out at the age of 8 months at a Hanwoo farm in Bonghwa-gun, Korea. After preparing for the preliminary tests, 50 beef cattle were weighed and weighed about 361 ~ 390 kg (12.7 ~ 13.6 months old) Specification tests were performed as shown below (Table 1).

At this time, we focused on the practice of Hanwoo Specified Farmers' General component analysis was performed according to the AOAC (2004) method, and water and mineral blocks were free-vegan.

Test plot layout division Treatment Placement Disclosure
Head
(two) Breeding stage Fattening electricity
(13-19 months) Midfoot
(20-23 months) The latter
(24-30 months) Control
(2 openings) C1
(No additive to Oriental herbicide 1) 10 General market
Concentrated feed General market
Concentrated feed General market
Concentrated feed C2
(No additive for oriental herbicide 2) 10 General market
TMF feed General market
TMF feed General market
TMF feed Treatment
(3 openings) T1
(Addition of Oriental herbicide 1) 10  Concentrated feed supplemented with Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed supplemented with Oriental herbicide 0.5% Orders supplemented with herbal medicine 0.2%
Concentrated feed T2
(Addition of Oriental herbicide 2) 10 TMF feed with 0.5% addition of Oriental herbicide TMF feed with 0.5% addition of Oriental herbicide Orders supplemented with herbal medicine 0.2%
Concentrated feed T3
(Addition of Oriental herbicide 3) 10 TMF feed with 0.5% addition of Oriental herbicide TMF feed with 0.5% addition of Oriental herbicide Orders supplemented with herbal medicine 0.2%
TMF feed

< Example  2> Production of herbal biocide

The method of culturing the microorganism and the herbicide test feed used in this test is as follows.

- Step 1 : As a basic microorganism culturing step for the production of probiotics, it was prepared through the process of seed culture → liquid culture → solid culture. Specifically,

① First, Bacillus Subtilis One loop of seedling was inoculated in 100 ml of sterilized NB (Nutrient Broth) medium and cultured in a shaking incubator at 35 ° C and 120 rpm for 24 hours as a seed culture using BS300 (FOR YOU TECH., KCTC 18263P) 1.8 liters of a 1st seed to be used as a culture medium was cultured.

② Second, as a process for mass culturing the seed culture to be used for the solid culture, 300 L of working volume was used in a 500 L fermentor (Fermentor), the culture medium was sterilized for 121 minutes using NB (Nutrient Broth) And 1.8 liters of the seeds prepared in step (1) were inoculated and cultured for 16 hours at 35 ° C., 90 rpm, 1.0 vvm (air volume / working volume / min) Respectively.

③ Third, as a process of producing powdered Bacillus subtilis solid cultures for use in producing substantially herbal probiotics, 73% of wheat bran, 5% of glucose, 5% of sucrose, 5% of peptone, K ₂ HPO ₄ Total 60 kg was prepared with a total content of 1%, CaCO ₃ 1%, Yeast Extract 5%, Mineral 3% and Growth factor 2%, and the moisture content was adjusted to about 40%. Then, about 4-5 kg of the solid culture medium was divided into several sterilization trays (trays) which had already been prepared, sterilized by steam for about 30 minutes, and then naturally cooled.

Subsequently, about 2 kg of the seeds cultured in the above step (2) were dispensed into a sterilized solid culture tray using a solid medium inoculator, and solid cultivation was carried out in a solid culture incubator. The solid culture conditions at this time were as follows: a temperature of 35 ° C, And cultured for about 24 hours under automatic control at a humidity of 90% or more.

(4) Fourth, as a drying step after completion of the solid culture, hot air drying was carried out at a temperature of 38 to 40 ° C for about 36 hours to terminate when the moisture content was 4% or less. Then, the dried solid culture was pulverized by a general pulverizer (about 100 mesh) and stored in a storage tank below 4 ° C. The concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the culture material raw material is about 5 × ^{10 9} cfu / g.

- Step 2 : As the manufacturing step of the first herbal preparation, six kinds of oriental herb preparation (Angelica, Lycoris, Dixi, Gakyung, Peony, and Hwanggi) The first herbal preparation of Oriental herbicide was prepared by adding 70% of pulverized powdered oriental herb preparation, 29.5% of commercial yeast cultivar, and 0.5% of commercial tannin extracted from persimmon.

Step 3 : A process for producing a full-blown herbicide preparation, wherein 50% of the primary product produced in the second stage, 49.5% of the commercial yeast culture product powder, and 0.5% And mixed well using a Ribbon Mixer for 30 minutes to 1 hour. When mixing was completed, 20 kg was packed on the inner plastic coated paper board and used as a raw material for exclusive use of herbal medicine (valid for one year).

The herbicide produced through this process can be supplied to each company (OEM company) that produces the exclusive feed for Bonghwa herbal medicine as an additive for Bonghwa herbal medicine. The number of effective effective microorganisms in the herbicide of the present invention is 1 x ^{10 &lt; 7 &gt;} cfu / g. Thus, the total composition ratio of the finished product is 35% for pure oriental herb preparation, 64.5% for yeast culture, and 0.5% for Bacillus subtilis.

※ Contents of herbal medicines: 2nd stage 70% of the first product X 3 stage 50% = 35%

- Step 4: The herbicide produced through the above steps is mixed with 0.2 ~ 0.5 wt.% Per ton of feed for the production of test food. I paid the disclosure axes. As shown in Table 3, the herbal biocides were mixed at appropriate ratios according to the mixing ratios according to the stages of fattening, and the customized feeds were produced and used for the test. (Fig. 1 and 2). The ingredients of herbal ingredients (Table 2), feed ratio and ingredients (Table 3) are as follows.

Ingredient feed composition (based on ADM,%) division Angelica Boiled dermis Bellflower Peony Hwanggi Oriental
Probiotics moisture 6.37 9.33 9.00 9.00 10.67 9.33 8.67 Crude protein 10.26 5.31 4.55 6.99 5.45 14.55 8.27 Crude fat 7.07 3.07 1.70 1.43 0.63 0.83 3.03 Crude fiber 6.23 18.33 8.73 8.60 4.53 17.10 2.67 Views min 22.90 7.20 2.17 4.03 3.20 3.50 1.60 NDF 31.83 35.50 17.13 15.30 31.63 48.73 35.40 ADF 30.33 32.77 14.63 13.40 8.60 27.63 5.17

* NDF: neutral detergent fiber

ADF: acid detergent fiber

Compounding ratio and general composition division Concentrated feed division TMF feed Roughage Breeding machine Fattening
Electricity Fattening
review Breeding machine Fattening
Electricity Fattening
review division Phenyl Reialaglass Rice straw Raw material name Raw material name Imported corn 30.80 32.40 41.60 Concentrated feed 32.50 34.00 30.00 Imported wheat 9.00 9.00 8.00 molasses 4.00 4.50 4.50 Cone flake 5.50 10.00 17.00 Imported tapioca - 3.00 2.00 Protein blood 6.80 6.00 5.50 Wheat flour - - 1.00 Beet pulp 5.00 3.00 1.00 Wheat flour 5.30 5.50 4.00 Corn anchoring 7.00 5.00 3.00 Imported protein blood 10.00 10.00 9.00 Wheat flour - - 5.60 Domestic Protein P 7.00 7.00 6.00 Cotton thread - 3.00 1.50 Imported soybean meal 4.00 1.50 - Barley pellets - 2.00 10.00 Imported seeds 5.00 5.00 4.00 Starch powder 4.00 4.00 - Domestic main berth 2.00 - - Battery soybean 2.00 2.00 - Palm leaves 5.50 6.00 6.00 Ryegrass 3.50 - 8.00 Palm 10.00 9.00 8.00 Alfalfa veil 3.30 3.30 - Grape leaves 3.00 3.00 2.50 Klein 4.00 4.50 - Purified salt 0.50 0.50 0.60 Tall fescue 6.00 7.00 - Limestone 2.70 2.20 1.70 Beer 9.20 6.00 13.50 baking soda - 0.20 0.30 Fermented liquid feed 10.00 9.00 4.00 Vitamins, minerals 0.20 0.20 0.20 Vitamins, minerals 0.20 0.20 0.20 Other 0.50 0.50 0.40 Other 0.50 0.50 0.50 Oriental herb medicine 0.50 0.50 0.20 Oriental herb medicine 0.50 0.50 0.20 Total 100 100 100 Total 100 100 100 Ingredients Ingredients Ingredients moisture 10.10 13.64 9.78 moisture 40.00 40.01 33.29 moisture 8.33 8.33 Crude protein 15.00 12.89 11.48 Crude protein 15.50 13.68 7.45 Crude protein 3.95 3.61 Crude fat 3.86 4.57 3.03 Crude fat 4.24 4.53 2.78 Crude fat 1.20 0.80 Crude fiber 8.37 7.93 5.41 Crude fiber 14.00 15.84 9.89 Crude fiber 32.30 23.00 Views min 6.43 6.57 6.03 Views min 6.87 7.52 4.97 Views min 4.80 11.77 NFE 56.24 50.40 64.27 NFE 19.39 18.42 41.62 NFE 49.42 52.49 NDF 23.38 20.10 19.69 NDF 20.00 25.73 26.19 NDF 70.37 57.80 ADF 12.50 15.10 11.06 ADF 15.00 17.00 17.95 ADF 42.50 39.20 TDN ^{1 )} 70.69 71.94 73.06 TDN ^{1 )} 70.50 72.00 73.00 TDN ^{1 )} 13.14 38.29

^{One) TDN  : Calculated}

* NFE: soluble nitrogen

TDN: Total digestible nutrients

< Experimental Example  1> Specifications Management · Feed intake and Weight gain

According to the Hanwoo test plan, the diets were fed twice a day for the feed type and Hanwoo specification salary program, and the water and mineral blocks could be freely consumed. At this time, compounding ratio and composition analysis of feeds were analyzed according to AOAC (2004) method. On the other hand, the body weight was measured once every three months, and the feed intake was divided into two at 08:00 and 17:00, and the remaining amount was measured before the next morning feeding, The daily feed intake was calculated and the feed conversion ratio was calculated by dividing the total body weight gain by the feed intake. The control group and the experimental group were classified according to the presence and concentration of the herbal probiotic agent as follows.

1) Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

2) Control 2: Fermented TMF (Total Mixed Ration) Feed (feed) TMF feed (medium) TMF (feed)

3) Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

4) Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

5) Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

< Experimental Example  2> Blood and serum chemistry

Blood sampling was performed by collecting 8 mL of each individual from the jugular vein of the axis of the circulation at 2 months after the feed replacement at each 2 months of age and then placing 3 mL into the Vaccum tube containing EDTA and then 5 mL into the Vaccum tube without blood coagulant . In order to analyze the complete blood cell count (CBC), the blood was immediately transferred to the analytical chamber and analyzed with an automatic hematology analyzer (Hema Vet 950, Hema Vet. RBC, Red Blood Cell), platelets, hemoglobin (Hb, hemoglobin) were measured. The latter was left for 8 hours at 4 ° C for serum chemistry, centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes for serum separation, and stored in a cryo-freezer (-70 ° C) until analysis. (Kit No 1450, Fujifilm), triglyceride (Kit No 1650, Fujifilm), GOT (Glutamylc oxaloacetic transaminase, Kit No. 3150, Fujifilm), GPT (Glutamyl pyruvic transamlnase, Kit No 3250, Fujifilm), glucose (Kit No 1050, Fujifilm), and blood urea nitrogen BUN (Kit No 1150, Fujifilm). The serum cholesterol was quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for triglyceride (Kit No 336, Sigma), total cholesterol (Kit No 401, sigma) and HDL (Kit No, 352, Sigma). And IgG and IgM in serum were analyzed by Bovine IgG ELISA Quantitation set Bethyl. USA) and Bovin IgG Elisa Quantitation Set. Bethyl. USA) using ELISA immunoassay.

< Experimental Example  3> Conductor grade

After the end of the specimen test, it was transported to Andong S-Hosan Co., Ltd., nearby the area, and fasted for 24 hours after being slaughtered. After cooling for 24 hours, the meat quality (cold weight, backfat thickness, (Muscle fat, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity) were measured.

< Experimental Example  4> Analysis of physicochemical composition of meat

From the slaughtered conductor, the sirloin area between the 12th and 13th ribs was sampled. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash content were measured according to AOAC method (2004). Moisture content was determined by weighing 7 g of a sample at 550 ° C using a drying method of 105 to 110 ° C using 5 g of sample, 1 g of crude protein as a crude protein, 10 g of crude fat as a sample by shredded extraction, Lt; / RTI &gt; for 2 hours.

Experimental Example  4-1. Heat loss and Shear force

The heating loss was measured by cutting the sample into about 25 g in a steak shape, heating it in a 70 ° C water bath for 30 minutes, taking out the sample, cooling the sample at room temperature for 30 hours, and displaying the weight difference before and after heating as a percentage (%).

The shear force was measured by Wheeler et al. (2000). The sample was cut into 3 cm thick stakes at right angles to the muscle fiber direction, heated to 70 ° C, and allowed to cool for 10 minutes. A 0.5 inch diameter core was drilled cylindrical in the direction of the muscle fiber and the shear force was measured by cutting it perpendicularly to the direction of the muscle fiber using Instron Universal Testing Machine (Model 4465, UK) The measurement was repeated 8 or more times.

Experimental Example  4-2. Water holding capacity

After finishing 10 g of the well-ground pellet on a steel plate with a pore of a centrifuge tube, the pellet was put on a rubber stopper, and the pellet was heated in a water bath at 70 ° C for 30 minutes. The pellet was cooled and centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 minutes. (Hong et al., 2005), the water content was measured, and then the total water content was measured and assigned to the following formula (Hong et al., 2005)

※ 0.951 = Pure water content in juice separated at 70 ℃

Experimental Example  4-3. pH and Color

The pH was determined by adding 90 mL of distilled water to 10 g of the sample, homogenizing the mixture at 10,000 rpm for 1 minute with a homogenizer (NS-50, Japan), and measuring the pH with a pH meter (520A, Orion Research Inc. USA). The CIE value (L * = lightness, a * = redness, b * = yellowness) was measured using a colorimeter (CR-300, Minolta camera Co., Japan) after cutting the sample for about 30 minutes. ). The standard color plates used were white calibration plates with L * = 96.18, a * = 0.10, and b * = 1.90, and the mean values were shown in triplicate.

Experimental Example  4-4. Sensory test

The sensory evaluation was performed by cutting 10 mm of the roasted beef at the temperature of 70 ~ 80 ℃ using a roasting pan, randomly extracting 10 test workers trained for jujube, year, and flavor (6 = very good, 5 = somewhat good, 4 = good, 3 = moderate, 2 = disliked, 1 = very disliked).

< Experimental Example  5> Fatty acid analysis

Lipid extraction of lipids was carried out according to the method of Folch et al. (1957) and 0.5 g of fatty acid was methylated by Park & Goins (1994). To the sample was added 2 mL of methanol: benzene (4: 1, v / v) and 200 μL of acetyl chloride, and the mixture was heated in a heating block at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. 1 mL of hexane and 5 mL of 6% potassium carbonate were added and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 minutes using a centrifuge. The supernatant (0.5 μL) was analyzed by gas chromatography (GA-17A, Shimdzu, Japan) Lt; / RTI &gt; At this time, the initial temperature of the column was 180 ° C., and the temperature was increased to 230 ° C. at a rate of 1.5 ° C./min and maintained for 2 minutes. The temperature of injector and detector (FID) were 240 ℃ and 260 ℃, respectively. Fatty acids were compared with retention times with standard products, and the contents were converted into percentages (%).

< Experimental Example  6> Amino acid

For amino acid analysis, 5 g of meat samples and 40 mL of 6 N HCl were mixed in a round flask, and then hydrolyzed by nitrogen gas injection at 110 ° C. for 24 hours. The concentrated hydrochloric acid was concentrated by evaporation at 50 ° C, and the concentrated sample was diluted with 50 mL of 0.2 N sodium citrate buffer (pH 2.2) and filtered with a filter paper (0.45 μm). The filtered sample (30 μL) was analyzed using an amino acid analyzer (Model 835, Hitachi, Japan).

< Experimental Example  7> Cholesterol analysis

For meat cholesterol analysis, 2 g of meat samples were placed in a 50-mL tube, and 10 mL of saponification reagent and 0.5 mL of an internal standard (5-cholestane) were added to the cholesterol extract to homogenize the cholesterol at 9,500 × g for about 14 seconds. After the lid was completely sealed, it was heated at 60 ° C for 1 hour and then completely cooled to room temperature. When the layer was separated, 1 mL of the upper layer was recovered and completely dried. After drying, the fat was completely dissolved by adding 200 uL of pyridine and 100 uL of sylon BFT (bistrifluoroacetamide + trimethyl-chlorosilane, 99: 1, Supleco), followed by gas chromatography (HP-6890, Agilent Technologies, USA) Respectively. The GC analysis conditions used for cholesterol analysis are as follows. : Oven temperature 180 ° C, injection temperature 280 ° C, split ratio 19.1: 1, column: capillary column 30 m x 0.32 mm ID, 0.25 um film thickness (HP-5 MS, J & W Scientific, USA) : 325 DEG C, flame ionization detector temperature: 350 DEG C, H2 flow: 33.0 mL / min.

<Experimental Results>

1. Feed intake and Weight gain

Table 4 shows the feed intake and body weight gain during the non-fattening period (13 to 19 months of age). On the average, initiation age and initial body weight were almost similar, but the final body weight was 541.6-545.0 kg in the control group, 537.5-548.9 kg in the treatment group, and 183.8 kg in the C1 group , Respectively (P> 0.05). As a result, the body weight gain per day was the highest at 1.02 kg in C1 group, but there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment interval.

Total dietary intake of this diet was 1,558.6 ~ 1,958.4 kg in the control group, but it was 1,504.0 ~ 2,016.0 kg in the control group, among which T3 was the highest (P <0.05).

Feed efficiency ratios of T3 and T3 groups were higher than those of C1 and T1 groups.

Changes in feed intake and body weight gain during the postnatal period (13 to 19 months) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Start date (month) 402.8 (13.4)
± 13.4 389.3 (12.9)
± 11.40 396.4 (13.2)
± 17.4 381.0 (12.7)
± 13.00 406.9 (13.6)
± 15.8 End date (month) 602.8 (20.1)
± 13.4 569.3 (19.0)
± 11.40 576.4 (19.2)
± 17.4 571.0 (19.0)
± 13.00 586.9 (19.6)
± 15.8 Test period (days) 180 180 180 180 180 Weight per head, kg Starting weight 361.23 ± 14.39 379.02 + - 19.22 379.22 + - 11.39 380.54 ± 27.23 379.41 ± 27.80 0.210 Exit weight 545.00 ± 21.21 541.56 + - 19.30 541.00 ± 21.32 537.5 ± 28.16 548.89 ± 38.22 0.915 Gross weight gain 183.77 ± 28.94 162.54 ± 30.60 161.78 ± 16.73 156.96 + - 42.36 169.33 ± 50.20 0.587 One day
Weight gain 1.02 0.90 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.587 Duang
Total feed intake, kg
(ADM) Total intake 1,558.6 ± 65.59 ^a 1,958.4 ± 66.29 ^b 1,504.0 ± 62.81 ^a 1,971.0 ± 46.6 ^c 2,016 ± 44.74 ^b 0.010 ^* Concentrated feed 1,052.8 ± 45.51 - 1,016.2 ± 42.26 - - 0.079 Roughage 505.8 ± 23.28 - 487.8 ± 34.58 - - 0.189 TMF - 1,958.4 ± 66.29 ^a - 1,971.0 ± 46.6 ^b 2,016 ± 44.74 ^c 0.040 ^* One day
Feed intake, kg
(ADM) Total intake 8.65 ± 1.25 10.88 0.98 8.30 ± 1.13 10.96 ± 1.10 11.20 ± 1.60 Concentrated feed 5.85 ± 0.87 - 5.59 ± 0.77 - - Roughage
(Phenyl laurylase) 2.80 ± 0.79 - 2.71 0.51 - - TMF - 10.88 0.98 - 10.96 ± 1.10 11.20 ± 1.60 feed
Demand rate Average 8.48 12.09 8.92 11.45 13.33 Concentrated feed 5.74 - 6.01 - - Roughage 2.74 - 2.91 - - TMF - 12.09 - 11.45 13.33

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 5 shows the feed intakes and body weight gain during the mid-trimester period (20-23 months of age). The mean body weight of the control group was 650.0 ~ 651.0 kg and the treatment group was 639.0 ~ 664.0 kg. The total weight gain during this period was 115.1 kg , But there was almost no difference in the treatment interval. As a result, the body weight gain was 0.84 ~ 0.96 kg per day, but there was no statistically significant difference.

The total dietary intake of ducks during this period was 1,224.2 ~ 1,622.0 kg in the control group, but the highest was in the group C2 of 1,285.2 ~ 1,659.6 kg (P <0.05). Feeding rate of C1 was the lowest at 11.81 and consequently it was higher than other treatments.

Changes in feed intake and weight gain during mid-trimester (20-23 months) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Start date (month) 602.8 (20.1)
± 13.4 569.3 (19.0)
± 11.40 576.4 (19.2)
± 17.4 571.0 (19.0)
± 13.00 586.9 (19.6)
± 15.8 End date (month) 722.8 (24.1)
± 13.4 689.3 (23.0)
± 11.40 696.4 (23.2)
± 17.4 691.0 (23.0)
± 13.00 706.9 (23.6)
± 15.8 Test period (days) 120 120 120 120 120 Weight per head, kg Starting weight 545.00 ± 21.21 541.56 ± 19.3 541.00 ± 21.32 537.50 ± 28.16 548.89 ± 38.22 0.915 Exit weight 651.00 ± 29.89 650.00 ± 25.39 641.64 + - 31.57 639.00 ± 38.22 664.00 ± 46.07 0.585 Gross weight gain 106.00 13.7 108.44 ± 31.72 100.64 + - 18.2 101.50 ± 28.73 115.11 + - 43.43 0.975 One day
Weight gain 0.88 0.90 0.84 0.85 0.96 0.975 Total dietary intake, kg Total intake 1,246.9 ± 50.21 ^a 1,662.0 ± 58.28 ^b 1,285.2 ± 40.82 ^a 1,615.2 ± 48.95 ^b 1,659.6 ± 47.24 ^b 0.007 ^* Concentrated feed 1,012.8 ± 31.26 - 1,050.0 + - 41.63 - - 0.036 Roughage 234.1 ± 31.42 - 235.2 ± 16.98 - - 0.036 TMF - 1,662 ± 48.28 ^ab - 1,615.2 ± 40.15 ^a 1,659.6 ± 47.24 ^ab 0.044 ^* One day
Feed intake, kg Total intake 10.39 ± 1.25 13.85 ± 1.98 10.71 ± 1.13 13.46 ± 1.10 13.83 ± 1.30 Concentrated feed 8.44 ± 0.87 - 8.75 ± 0.77 - - Roughage
(Phenyl laurylase) 1.95 + 0.79 - 1.96 + 0.51 - - TMF - 13.85 0.98 - 13.46 ± 1.10 13.83 ± 1.30 feed
Demand rate Average 11.81 15.39 12.75 15.84 14.41 Concentrated feed 9.59 - 10.42 - - Roughage 2.22 - 2.33 - - TMF - 15.39 - 15.84 14.41

^{a, b} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 6 shows the feed intake and body weight gain during the postnatal period (24 to 31 months of age). The body weight at the end of the second trimester started at 639.0 to 564.0 kg at the end of the third trimester and 751.0 to 802.3 kg . The total body weight gain was the highest at 163.3 kg in T2, while the lowest was 100.0 kg in C1. As a result, the gain of body weight per day was the highest at 0.74 kg in T2 group, but there was no statistically significant difference in treatment interval.

The total dietary intakes of this diet were 2,117.2-2,882.0 kg in the control group, but the treatment groups were 1,998.3-2,895.2 kg, the highest in the C2 group and the T3 group, while the T2 group was the lowest (P <0.05). The feed efficiency ratio was the highest at 26.20 in the C2 group, and the lowest in feed efficiency was the worst in T2 and T1 groups, which was the lowest at 12.27 and 14.24, which was higher in the feed efficiency than the other treatments .

Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the supplementation of herbicide application in the test positively affected the increase of the germination of the Korean beef cattle.

Changes in feed intake and body weight gain during the postpartum period (24 to 30 months) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Start date (month) 722.8 (24.1)
± 13.40 689.3 (23.0)
± 11.40 696.4 (23.2)
± 17.40 691.0 (23.0)
± 13.00 706.9 (23.6)
± 15.80 End date (month) 932.8 (31.1)
± 13.40 899.3 (30.0)
± 11.40 906.4 (30.2)
± 17.40 901.0 (30.0)
± 13.00 916.9 (30.5)
± 15.80 Test period (days) 220 220 220 220 220 Weight per head, kg Starting weight 651.00 ± 29.89 650.00 ± 25.39 641.64 + - 31.57 639.00 ± 38.22 664.00 ± 46.07 0.585 Exit weight 751.00 ± 55.47 760.02 + - 40.77 796.33 + - 46.41 802.33 + - 56.38 782.22 + - 46.04 0.131 Gross weight gain 100.00 + 49.94 110.00 ± 39.67 152.64 + - 39.80 163.33 + - 62.64 118.22 + 51.58 0.100 One day
Weight gain 0.45 0.50 0.70 0.74 0.53 0.100 Duang
Total feed intake, kg Total intake 2,117.2 ± 42.8 ^b 2,882.0 ± 88.51 ^d 2,193.3 ± 37.33 ^bc 1,998.33 ± 81.12 ^a 2,895.2 ± 63.38 ^c 0.020 ^* Concentrated feed 1,879 ± 43.73 ^b - 1,932 ± 39.45 ^b 1,770 ± 75.99 ^a - 0.030 ^* Roughage 238.2 ± 11.94 ^a - 261.3 + - 16.77 ^b 228.33 ± 10.9 ^a - 0.017 ^* TMF - 2,882.0 ± 88.51 - - 2,895.2 ± 63.38 0.001 One day
Feed intake, kg Total intake 9.62 ± 1.25 13.10 ± 0.98 9.97 ± 1.13 9.08 ± 1.10 13.16 ± 1.30 Concentrated feed 8.54 0.87 - 8.78 ± 0.77 8.05 + - 0.77 - Roughage
(Straw) 1.08 ± 0.79 - 0.96 + 0.51 1.03 + - 0.51 - TMF - 13.10 ± 0.98 - 13.16 ± 1.30 feed
Demand rate Average 21.38 26.20 14.24 12.27 24.83 Concentrated feed 18.98 - 12.54 10.88 - Roughage 2.40 - 1.37 1.39 - TMF - 26.20 - - 24.83

^{a, b, c, d} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

2. Nutrient intake

(1) building intake (DM)

Table 7 shows the intakes and intake rates of DM, CP, and TDN consumed per day during the fattening, middle, and late days.

Table 7 shows the total intake (DM) intake and intake per dietary allowance per day. The average dry intakes during fattening period were 5.98-7.83 kg, the highest in the C1 group, 7.83 kg, while the T2 group was 5.98 kg). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the mid-trimester period, the mean of 8.08 ~ 9.66 kg was significantly lower in the C2, T2 and T3 groups than in the 8.31, 8.08 and 8.30 kg groups. kg, which is statistically significant (P <0.05). In the final fattening period, the average of 7.86-8.77 kg was lower in the C2 and T3 groups than in the other treatments. In the C1 group, the T1 group and the T2 group were 8.67 kg, 8.77 kg and 8.18 kg, respectively The amount of TMF feed consumed continuously from the start of the experiment to the end of the experiment was significantly lower than that of the control group, but the intake of the concentrate diet was higher than that of the fat diet (P <0.05).

On the other hand, DM intake rate was affected by intake and showed similar tendency. In other words, in the non-fattening period, the C1 group and the T1 group consumed 90.4%, respectively, while the C2 group, the T2 group and the T3 group were very low as 60.00 ~ 61.76% (P <0.05). Also, during the mid - trimester period, it was similar to that of the previous period. However, in the late stage of fattening, T2 and C3 were higher than those of T1 and T2 groups, respectively, while those of C2 and T3 were as low as 60.00%, indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

In the nutrient requirement table of the Hanwoo Specification Standards (2007) of the Rural Development Administration, when comparing the intakes of the buildings by the stages of breeding, the growth period (weight 250-350kg, daily gain 0.8kg) and nonfarming (weight 400-550kg , And daily gain of 0.8kg) were 5.6 ~ 7.7kg and 8.1 ~ 8.9kg, respectively, which were similar to the results of this study (6.49 ~ 7.25kg and 8.95 ~ 9.28kg respectively) (8.70 ~ 8.95kg) and the mixed group (8.72 ~ 10.13kg), while the TMR (7.30 ~ 7.58kg) than the building intake of 1.2 ~ 1.32kg higher.

Average daily DM intake and feed intake per day during frying Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Fattening
Electricity Concentrated feed, kg 5.26 ± 0.41 - 5.03 + - 0.45 - - 0.070 Forage, kg 2.57 + - 0.60 - 2.48 ± .64 - - 0.069 TMF, kg - 6.53 ± 0.53 - 5.98 + - 0.40 6.72 + - 0.57 0.108 Total intake, kg 7.83 + - 0.72 ^c 6.53 ± 0.53 ^b 7.51 + - 0.50 ^c 5.98 ± 0.40 ^a 6.72 ± 0.57 ^a 0.039 ^* Total intake rate,% 90.47 ± 6.45 ^b 60.00 ± 5.45 ^a 90.48 ± 5.45 ^b 60.00 ± 6.45 ^a 61.76 ± 6.45 ^ab 0.046 ^* Fattening
Middle Concentrated feed, kg 7.59 ± 0.216 - 7.87 ± 0.88 - - 0.105 Forage, kg 1.79 + 0.11 - 1.80 + - 0.56 - - 0.097 TMF, kg - 8.31 + - 0.54 - 8.08 ± 0.91 8.30 ± 0.34 0.178 Total intake, kg 9.38 ± 0.26 ^c 8.31 ± 0.54 ^ab 9.66 ± 0.87 ^c 8.08 ± 0.91 ^a 8.30 ± 0.34 ^ab 0.017 ^* Total intake rate,% 90.23 + - 4.45 ^b 60.00 ± 5.45 ^a 90.22 ± 3.45 ^b 60.00 + 4.45 ^a 60.00 + 4.45 ^a 0.030 ^* Fattening
review Concentrated feed, kg 7.68 ± 0.13 - 7.89 + - 0.10 7.24 ± 0.28 - 0.108 Forage, kg 0.99 ± 0.27 - 0.88 ± 0.06 0.95 + 0.17 - 0.101 TMF, kg - 7.86 ± 0.45 - - 7.90 + - 0.22 0.078 Total intake, kg 8.67 ± 0.25 ^bc 7.86 ± 0.45 ^a 8.77 ± 0.17 ^c 8.18 ± 0.45 ^ab 7.90 + - 0.22 ^a 0.043 ^* Total intake rate,% 90.10 ± 3.45 ^b 60.00 ± 6.45 ^a 88.00 ± 3.45 ^b 90.11 + 4.45 ^b 60.00 ± 5.45 ^a 0.010 ^*

^{a, b, c, d} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (non-fattening) → concentrated feed (medium) → no feed additive

²⁾ Control 2: TMF (non-fattening) → TMF (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF (Oriental herb tea) → Herbicide 0.2%

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

(2) Crude protein (CP)

Table 8 shows the total CP intake and intake per serving per day. The mean CP intake during fattening period was 0.95-1.74 kg, which was the highest in the T3 group (1.74 kg), while the T1 group was 0.95 kg). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the mid-trimester period, mean values ranged from 1.16 to 1.89 kg, and C2 and T3 were significantly higher (1.89 kg and 1.89 kg, P <0.05). In the final fattening period, mean 0.96 ~ 1.04 kg was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).

On the other hand, the intake of crude protein (CP) according to the fattening stage was affected by the intake and showed a similar tendency. In the case of non-fattening, 15.50%, 15.50% and 15.96% of C2F, T2, and 3 groups consuming TMF feed were high, but the C1 and T1 groups were very low as 11.42 ~ 11.39% (P <0.05) . In the postnatal period, the T2 and the C1 and T1 groups consumed more concentrated feeds than the other treatments, which were 10.60%, 10.46%, and 10.59%, respectively. Statistically significant difference was recognized (P <0.05).

Average CP (CP) intake and intake per day during the fattening phase Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Fattening
Electricity Concentrated feed, kg 0.88 ± 0.09 - 0.84 0.21 - - 0.208 Forage, kg 0.11 + - 0.01 - 0.11 0.21 - - 0.151 TMF, kg - 1.69 ± 0.21 - 1.54 + - 0.21 1.74 ± 0.23 0.178 Total intake, kg 0.99 ± 0.04 ^ab 1.69 ± 0.21 ^c 0.95 + 0.21 ^a 1.54 + - 0.21 ^b 1.74 + - 0.23 ^c 0.004 ^* Total intake rate,% 11.42 + 1.28 ^a 15.50 + - 2.24 ^b 11.39 + 1.55 ^a 15.50 ± 2.41 ^b 15.96 ± 2.68 ^b 0.008 ^* Fattening
Middle Concentrated feed, kg 1.09 + 0.03 - 1.13 + 0.07 - - 0.238 Forage, kg 0.08 ± 0.01 - 0.08 ± 0.01 - - 0.201 TMF, kg - 1.89 + 0.06 - 1.84 + 0.09 1.89 0.22 0.108 Total intake, kg 1.16 ± 0.03 ^a 1.89 0.06 ^c 1.21 ± 0.09 ^ab 1.84 0.09 ^c 1.89 0.22 ^c 0.001 ^* Total intake rate,% 11.21 ± 1.28 ^a 13.68 ± 1.34 ^b 11.25 + 1.50 ^a 13.68 ± 1.60 ^b 13.68 ± 1.47 ^b 0.010 ^* Fattening
review Concentrated feed, kg 0.98 ± 0.20 - 1.01 ± 0.05 0.92 + 0.03 - 0.230 Forage, kg 0.04 0.16 - 0.03 ± 0.01 0.04 ± 0.05 - 0.181 TMF, kg - 0.98 ± 0.20 - - 0.98 ± 0.01 0.410 Total intake, kg 1.02 + 0.18 0.98 ± 0.20 1.04 0.09 0.96 + 0.06 0.98 ± 0.01 0.066 Total intake rate,% 10.60 ± 1.56 ^b 7.45 ± 1.24 ^a 10.46 ± 2.74 ^b 10.59 ± 1.64 ^b 7.45 ± 1.20 ^a 0.004 ^*

^{a, b, c, d} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

 (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN)

  Table 9 shows the total intake (TDN) intake and intake rate of TDN per day. The average TDN intake during fattening period was 4.31 to 7.90 kg, which was the highest in T3 (7.90 kg) T1 was the lowest at 4.31 kg (P <0.05). In the middle of the trimester, mean values ranged from 6.22 to 9.76 kg, and C2 and T3 were significantly higher (9.79 kg and 9.75 kg, P <0.05). In the final fattening period, the mean value was 6.28 ~ 9.28 kg, and C2 and T3 were the highest in the whole treatments (P <0.05).

 On the other hand, intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) by the stages of fattening was affected by intake and showed a similar tendency. In other words, in the non-fattening period, the values of C2.50 and T2.50 were 70.50%, 70.50% and 72.57%, respectively, while those of C1 and T1 were 52.06 ~ 51.90% . There was a similar tendency in the middle of the fermentation period, but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatments during the post fermentation period (P> 0.05).

Average intake of total digestible nutrients per day (TDN) and intake per day Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Fattening
Electricity Concentrated feed, kg 4.14 + 0.21 - 3.95 ± 0.21 - - 0.220 Forage, kg 0.37 + 0.21 - 0.36 + 0.21 - - 0.1410 TMF, kg - 7.67 ± 0.40 - 7.02 + - 0.51 7.90 + - 0.81 0.201 Total intake, kg 4.50 ± 0.21 ^a 7.67 ± 0.40 ^b 4.31 ± 0.21 ^a 7.02 + - 0.51 ^b 7.90 + - 0.81 ^b 0.017 ^* Total intake rate,% 52.06 ± 5.45 ^a 70.50 ± 2.45 ^b 51.90 ± 3.45 ^b 70.50 ± 4.45 ^b 72.57 ± 3.45 ^b 0.010 ^* Fattening
Middle Concentrated feed, kg 5.97 + - 0.40 - 6.19 ± 0.50 - - 0.358 Forage, kg 0.26 ± 0.39 - 0.26 + - 0.40 - - 0.250 TMF, kg - 9.76 + 0.81 - 9.49 + - 0.60 9.75 + - 0.58 0.211 Total intake, kg 6.22 ± 0.34 ^a 9.76 + - 0.81 ^b 6.44 ± 0.45 ^a 9.49 + - 0.60 ^b 9.75 ± 0.58 ^b 0.014 ^* Total intake rate,% 59.89 +/- 1.45 ^a 70.50 ± 2.45 ^b 60.16 ± 3.45 ^a 70.50 ± 2.45 ^b 70.50 ± 4.45 ^b 0.010 ^* Fattening
review Concentrated feed, kg 6.24 0.88 - 6.41 + - 0.55 5.88 ± 0.65 - 0.331 Forage, kg 0.41 ± 0.06 - 0.37 + 0.49 0.39 + 0.49 - 0.258 TMF, kg - 9.24 0.30 - - 9.28 ± 0.69 0.321 Total intake, kg 6.65 ± 0.90 ^a 9.24 ± 0.30 ^b 6.78 ± 0.58 ^a 6.28 ± 0.70 ^a 9.28 ± 0.69 ^b 0.024 ^* Total intake rate,% 69.16 ± 2.77 70.50 ± 2.73 68.03 + - 2.80 69.12 ± 2.69 70.50 ± 2.88 0.068

^{a, b, c, d} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

3. Changes in blood properties

As shown in Table 10, the mean total cholesterol in the serum during fattening period was 178.68 mg / dL and the highest in the total treatments was 204.80 mg / dL (P <0.05). The mean total glyceride was 14.05 mg / dL, and T3 was the highest at 19.50 mg / dL in all treatments (P <0.05). However, the mean GOT was 64.54 mg / dL and there was almost no difference in the treatment period. However, the average GPT was 25.33 mg / dL and the average glucose was 69.88 mg / dL, which was higher than that of the control (P <0.05). However, albumin was 3.63 mg / dL, with almost no difference.

 This suggests that it does not affect the blood glucose level of Hanwoo steers. In addition, BUN showed an average of 12.69 mg / dL in the onset period, which was lowered after the onset of frying.

 Finally, IgM was 3.68 ng / ml, which was higher than that of control (3.39 ~ 3.48 ng / ml) in the treatment group (3.82 ~ 3.85 ng / ml) P < 0.05). The mean IgG concentration was 211.44 ng / ml, which was significantly higher than that of the control (147.50 ~ 151.90 ng / ml) in the treatments (242.50 ~ 263.90 ng / ml) Immunity was greatly increased by the addition of probiotics.

Changes in serum components during the nonfarming period (13 ~ 19 months) Classification / Age Physico-chemical properties in serum T-Cho
(mg / dl) TG
(mg / dl) GOT
(mg / dl) GPT
(mg / dl) GLU
(mg / dl) BUN
(mg / dl) ALB
(mg / dl) IgM
(ng / ml) IgG
(ng / ml) Fattening electricity C1 group ^{1 )} 204.80
± 19.35 ^b 10.90 ^a
± 3.28 60.85
± 5.61 24.45
± 4.91 ^abc 68.05
± 6.66 ^ab 12.37
± 2.25 ^ab 3.72
± 0.26 3.39
± 0.07 ^a 151.90
± 6.82 ^a C2 group ^{2 )} 177.10
± 27.11 ^ab 11.20 ^a
+ - 3.63 70.85
± 9.26 28.95
± 2.57 ^bc 66.80
± 3.47 ^a 11.12
± 0.98 ^a 3.54
± 0.15 3.48
± 0.42 ^ab 147.50
± 6.38 ^a T1 section ^{3 )} 163.45
± 38.30 ^a 12.25 ^a
± 3.05 62.65
± 8.25 21.85
± 2.25 ^ab 69.65
± 4.29 ^ab 13.39
± 0.85 ^b 3.72
± 0.32 3.84
± 0.34 ^b 263.90
± 7.17 ^c T2 section ^{4 )} 164.95
± 29.81 ^ab 16.40 ^b
± 4.47 62.15
± 8.77 21.70
± 5.05 ^a 71.30
± 5.56 ^ab 13.52
± 1.24 ^b 3.61
± 0.21 3.82
± 0.32 ^b 251.40
± 11.14 ^bc T3 Section ^{5 )} 183.10
± 23.91 ^ab 19.50 ^b
± 4.15 66.20
± 9.90 29.70
± 8.00 ^c 73.60
± 4.01 ^b 13.06
± 1.90 ^ab 3.56
± 0.19 3.85
± 0.16 ^b 242.50
± 13.79 ^b Average 178.68
± 27.70 14.05 ^ab
± 5.12 64.54
± 8.36 25.33
± 4.56 69.88
± 4.80 12.69
± 1.44 3.63
± 0.23 3.68
± 0.26 211.44
± 9.06 Pr> | t | 0.015 ^* 0.043 ^** 0.076 0.011 ^* 0.030 ^** 0.017 ^* 0.272 0.001 ^* 0.002 ^*

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

IgM: immunoglobulin M

IgG: Immunoglobulin G

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 11 shows the physicochemical properties of serum in the mid-trimester period (20-23 months). The mean total cholesterol in the serum was 192.26 mg / dL, and the T3 group was the highest at 214.50 mg / dL in the pretreatment group, while the T1 group was significantly lower at 166.70 mg / dL (P <0.05).

In addition, triglycerides averaged 12.96 mg / dL, the highest in the T2 group at 16.90 mg / dL, and the lowest in the C2 group at 8.90 mg / dL (P <0.05). The mean GOT was 69.82 mg / dL, of which C2 was significantly higher (81.60 mg / dL) (P <0.05). And GPT was 23.86 mg / dL, and T3 was 29.50 mg / dL, which was significantly higher than other treatments (P <0.05). In addition, mean BUN was 11.20 mg / dL, albumin was 3.79 mg / dL, and C2 was the lowest at 67.80 mg / dL, which was statistically significant (P <0.05). However, the mean glucose level was 73.40 mg / dL.

IgM and IgG were analyzed for serum immunity. The mean values of IgM and IgG were 2.95 ng / mL and 171.96 ng / mL, respectively, 2.59 to 2.89 ng / mL, and 120.50 to 204.30 ng / mL), but it tended to be somewhat lower than that of the above-mentioned fattening period.

Changes in Physico-Chemical Properties of Serum during Mid-Meat (20 ~ 23 months) Classification / Age Physico-chemical properties in serum T-Cho
(mg / dl) TG
(mg / dl) GOT
(mg / dl) GPT
(mg / dl) GLU
(mg / dl) BUN
(mg / dl) ALB
(mg / dl) IgM
(ng / ml) IgG
(ng / ml) Midfoot C1 group ^{1 )} 200.40
± 25.13 ^ab 9.70
± 4.77 ^a 72.50
± 10.89 ^ab 19.10
± 2.33 ^a 73.10
± 8.01 ^abc 11.25
± 2.05 ^ab 3.80
± 0.20 2.59
± 0.43 120.50
± 13.01 ^a C2 group ^{2 )} 179.90
± 23.06 ^a 8.90
± 3.72 ^a 81.60
± 13.48 ^b 28.20
± 3.58 ^b 67.80
± 3.05 ^a 8.92
± 1.36 ^a 3.71 ± 0.15 2.89
± 0.51 124.30
± 7.41 ^a T1 section ^{3 )} 166.70
± 21.90 ^a 12.50
± 3.48 ^ab 65.30
± 8.81 ^ab 20.50
± 2.46 ^a 70.50
± 4.86 ^ab 11.56
± 1.04 ^b 3.88
± 0.43 3.05
± 0.61 206.00 ± 8.43 ^b T2 section ^{4 )} 199.80
± 30.42 ^ab 16.90
± 4.09 ^b 60.90
± 8.66 ^a 22.00
± 3.23 ^a 77.40
± 3.31 ^bc 11.93
± 1.82 ^b 3.81
± 0.17 3.12
± 0.44 208.70
± 9.62 ^b T3 Section ^{5 )} 214.50
± 29.97 ^b 16.80
± 3.35 ^b 68.80
± 16.18 ^ab 29.50
± 7.18 ^b 78.20
± 4.39 ^c 12.33
± 2.22 ^b 3.73
± 0.18 3.08
± 0.70 200.30
± 12.28 ^b Average 192.26
± 29.30 12.96
± 3.08 69.82
± 11.60 23.86
± 3.76 73.40
± 4.72 11.20
± 1.70 3.79
± 0.23 2.95
± 0.54 171.96
± 10.08 Pr> | t | 0.047 ^* 0.024 ^** 0.005 ^* 0.020 ^* 0.012 ^* 0.001 ^* 0.559 0.192 0.020 ^*

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Serum during the Late Fertilization (24 ~ 30 months) Classification / Age Physico-chemical properties in serum T-Cho
(mg / dl) TG
(mg / dl) GOT
(mg / dl) GPT
(mg / dl) GLU
(mg / dl) BUN
(mg / dl) ALB
(mg / dl) IgM
(ng / ml) IgG
(ng / ml) The latter C1 group ^{1 )} 182.20
± 16.63 ^ab 10.20
± 7.72 ^ab 55.10
± 4.69 18.05
± 2.35 ^ab 71.45
± 5.01 ^ab 12.88
± 1.73 3.64
± 0.12 2.30
± 0.31 108.00
± 6.75 ^a C2 group ^{2 )} 199.35
± 24.11 ^b 3.90
± 3.63 ^a 59.45
± 6.18 25.15
± 2.80 ^c 63.50
± 3.60 ^ab 14.45
± 0.97 3.65
± 0.16 2.40
± 0.18 108.00
± 10.33 ^a T1 section ^{3 )} 150.35
± 53.69 ^a 7.55
± 4.61 ^ab 51.15
± 11.87 15.95
± 3.59 ^a 58.80
± 13.68 ^a 11.70
± 3.19 3.40
± 0.88 2.61
± 0.18 139.00
± 14.10 ^b T2 section ^{4 )} 162.80
± 26.33 ^ab 9.05
± 4.73 ^ab 57.55
± 6.08 19.80
± 2.96 ^abc 72.20
± 5.01 ^b 12.65
± 1.31 3.79
± 0.12 2.60
± 0.28 138.70
± 12.79 ^b T3 Section ^{5 )} 195.55
± 44.18 ^ab 13.35
± 4.81 ^b 57.90
± 15.25 24.10
± 9.17 ^bc 64.45
± 15.05 ^ab 13.68
± 3.74 3.35
± 0.74 2.55
± 0.40 139.00
± 10.75 ^b Average 178.05
± 32.99 8.81
± 5.10 56.23
± 8.81 20.61
± 4.17 66.08
± 8.47 13.08
± 2.19 3.56 + - 0.40 2.49
± 0.27 126.54
± 10.94 Pr> | t | 0.015 ^** 0.005 ^* 0.361 0.012 ^* 0.017 ^** 0.156 0.303 0.067 0.021 ^*

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 12 shows the serum changes during the post-finishing period (24 to 30 months). The mean total cholesterol was 178.05 mg / dL during the postnatal period, and the T3 was the highest at 195.55 mg / dL, but the T1 was the lowest at 150.35 mg / dL (P <0.05). The mean triglyceride was 8.81 mg / dL, the highest in T3 (P <0.05). The mean GOT of the liver function was 56.23 mg / dL and the mean GPT was 20.61 mg / dL, which was higher in the T3 and C2 groups than in the other treatments, 24.10 mg / dL and 25.15 mg / dL, respectively.

 In the case of glucose, the average of 66.08 mg / dL was higher in the C1 group and T2 group (P <0.05), and the BUN was 13.08 mg / dL in the early part of the fattening period. And albumin was 3.56 mg / dL. In order to investigate the immunity in serum, the mean IgM was 2.49 ng / ml and the IgG was 126.54 ng / mL. The IgG level tended to decrease gradually during the postnatal period, There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

Changes in the components of whole blood (blood plasma) during fattening (13 to 19 months) Classification / Age Leukocyte WBC (K / uL) RBC (M / uL) Hemoglobin Hb (g / dL) Platelet PLT (K / uL) ratio
Six
I'm
group C1 group ^{1 )} 8.23 ± 0.97 8.18 ± 0.69 8.20 ± 0.86 ^ab 301.45 ± 47.00 C2 group ^{2 )} 8.69 ± 1.93 7.73 1.01 6.49 ± 2.39 ^a 263.75 + - 55.77 T1 section ^{3 )} 8.41 + - 1.42 7.99 + - 0.85 8.42 + - 0.84 ^b 271.30 ± 64.62 T2 section ^{4 )} 7.84 ± 1.44 8.15 + 0.81 8.46 ± 0.99 ^b 331.38 ± 102.18 T3 Section ^{5 )} 6.95 ± 1.88 7.53 ± 2.00 8.08 ± 1.30 ^ab 253.35 + - 57.35 Average 8.02 + 1.53 7.92 ± 1.07 7.93 ± 1.27 284.25 + - 65.38 Pr> | t | 0.136 0.679 0.016 ^** 0.086

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

As shown in Table 13, leukocytes averaged 8.02 k / μl during the whole body of the whole blood, and there was no significant difference in the comparison of the whole treatment periods. The average RBC was 7.92 M / ㎕, and there was almost no difference in the whole treatment interval, but hemoglobin averaged 7.93 g / dL. The average platelet count was 284.25 k / μl and there was no statistically significant difference in the whole treatment period.

This is probably due to the increase in muscle mass and the increase of muscle mass with the increase of feed intake. In general, blood analysis is an important part of determining the diagnosis, treatment and physiological changes of livestock diseases. Blood analysis values vary with age, area, specification, environmental and physiological changes, as well as nutritional status, even for the same variety. That is, the range of normal blood characteristics is 4.0 ~ 12.0 k / 주요 for leukocytes and 5.0 ~ 10.0 M / ㎕ for erythrocytes.

Table 14 shows that there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) between leukocyte and total leukocyte count in the whole blood during pregnancy (P> 0.05), but the mean values of red blood cell, hemoglobin and PLT were 8.10 M / ㎕, 12.17 g / 261.22 k / ㎕. There was a statistically significant difference in the treatment interval, among which T2 was the highest (P <0.05). In general, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Changes in the components of whole blood (plasma) during the mid-term (20 to 23 months) Classification / Age Leukocyte WBC (K / uL) RBC (M / uL) Hemoglobin Hb (g / dL) Platelet PLT (K / uL) ratio
Six
medium
group C1 group ^{1 )} 9.37 ± 2.92 7.44 ± 0.78 ^a 11.78 ± 0.97 ^ab 291.90 ± 122.53 ^ab C2 group ^{2 )} 9.63 ± 1.39 7.52 ± 0.97 ^a 11.47 ± 1.19 ^a 234.50 ± 50.80 ^ab T1 section ^{3 )} 9.47 ± 2.77 8.25 ± 0.79 ^ab 12.40 ± 0.98 ^ab 275.00 ± 102.74 ^ab T2 section ^{4 )} 12.92 + - 6.28 9.28 ± 2.15 ^b 13.16 ± 1.40 ^b 321.00 ± 101.27 ^b T3 Section ^{5 )} 8.21 + - 2.34 8.01 ± 0.83 ^ab 12.05 ± 0.98 ^ab 183.70 ± 45.13 ^a Average 9.92 + - 3.14 8.10 ± 1.10 12.17 ± 1.11 261.22 + - 84.49 Pr> | t | 0.057 0.011 ^* 0.017 ^* 0.014 ^*

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 15 shows that leukocytes were the highest in the whole blood during the postnatal period of the whole body, 7.32 k / μl in the whole blood, and the lowest in the treatment group, while the lowest in the T3 group. Hemoglobin was in the range of 10.45 g / dL and platelets were in the range of 293.35 k / ㎕ on average. Of these, T2 was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference.

Changes in blood status during the later stages of fattening (24 to 30 months) Classification / Age WBC (K / uL) RBC (M / uL) Hb (g / dL) PLT (K / uL) ratio
Six
after
group C1 group ^{1 )} 7.79 ± 1.10 6.65 + - 0.62 10.33 + - 0.97 343.30 + - 71.89 C2 group ^{2 )} 8.03 + - 1.74 6.80 + - 0.77 10.55 + 1.05 299.60 + - 66.92 T1 section ^{3 )} 6.75 ± 2.14 6.92 ± 1.79 10.51 + - 2.65 262.85 ± 91.96 T2 section ^{4 )} 7.76 ± 1.04 6.93 + - 0.47 10.86 0.74 296.30 ± 79.74 T3 Section ^{5 )} 6.29 ± 1.85 6.63 ± 1.42 9.99 ± 2.25 264.70 + - 78.74 Average 7.32 ± 1.57 6.79 ± 1.01 10.45 + 1.53 293.35 +/- 77.85 Pr> | t | 0.087 0.956 0.843 0.156

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

4. Conductor grade and physicochemical properties of meat

1) conductor grade

Table 16 shows the results of conductor grade determination after slaughter. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatments (P> 0.05) and the average of the backfat thickness was 10.78 ~ 14.11 mm. Among them, T1 was 14.11 mm, But not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Here, it is assumed that T1 is thicker than other treatments as a result of a large growth of compensated growth at the end of the fattening period due to low weight during the fattening period. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatments ( P> 0.05).

In the case of the carcass grade, in the case of the grade A, 3 grades of grade A, 2 grades of B grade, and 1 grade of C grade were compared and the results were as follows: T1 is 1.89, T2 is 2.00, T3 is 1.89 C1 (2.00) and C2 (1.70) . There was no statistically significant difference between the treatments (P> 0.05) . However, marbling scores were higher in C2 and T3 than in other treatments, but there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). On the other hand, the meat grade in the conductor grade was converted into 1 ++ grade: 4 points, 1+ grade: 3 points, 1 grade: 3 points and 2 grade: 1 point, and T3 was 3.76 points (P> 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). As a result of this test, the treatment groups 2 and 3 treated with the herbicide of the present invention were improved in the conductance, cross-sectional area, fat mass and meat quality grade of the carcass, It would have a more favorable effect on the rating.

Conductor grades and conductor properties Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | Conductor weight (kg) 431.50 +/- 40.56 438.00 ± 22.43 464.00 ± 33.83 464.00 ± 34.72 439.00 ± 45.58 0.143 Back ground thickness (mm) 11.20 ± 5.71 12.20 ± 4.52 14.11 ± 7.75 11.40 ± 5.97 10.78 + - 2.54 0.726 Cross-section of abdominal muscles (㎠) 84.10 ± 10.99 84.10 ± 10.60 85.67 ± 11.19 85.00 ± 10.53 85.89 + - 4.11 0.991 Meat index 64.99 + - 4.24 64.21 + - 3.41 62.59 + - 5.40 64.18 + - 4.32 65.01 + - 2.11 0.706 Weight grade ^{6 )} 2.00 0.82 1.70 + - 0.67 1.89 0.60 2.00 0.94 1.89 0.60 0.895 Im prefectural ⁷⁾ 4.70 ± 1.83 6.00 ± 3.08 5.90 ± 1.37 6.00 ± 1.70 6.05 ± 1.27 0.517 Meat color r ^{8 )} 4.90 0.32 4.78 ± 0.44 4.50 ± 0.53 4.70 + 0.48 4.67 ± 0.50 0.407 Local color ^{9 )} 2.90 + - 0.32 3.00 ± 0.00 3.00 ± 0.00 2.90 + - 0.32 3.00 ± 0.00 0.598 Texture ^{10 )} 1.20 + - 0.42 1.20 0.44 1.00 0.50 1.10 0.32 1.00 ± 0.00 0.358 Maturity ^{11 )} 2.00 ± 0.00 2.11 + - 0.33 2.00 ± 0.00 2.00 ± 0.00 2.00 ± 0.00 0.373 Meat grade ^{12 )} 3.20 ± 0.92 3.22 ± 1.39 3.70 ± 0.82 3.70 + - 0.95 3.76 + - 0.50 0.581

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± SD

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

⁶⁾ Connverted to a number of grade: A = 3, B = 2, C = 1 point

⁷⁾ Marbling score: 9 = the most abundant, 1 = devoid

⁸⁾ Meat color: 7 = dark red, 1 = bright.

⁹⁾ Fat color: 7 = yellowish, 1 = white

¹⁰⁾ Texture: 3 = coarse, 1 = fine

¹¹⁾ Maturity: 9 = mature, 1 = youthful

¹²⁾ Converted to a numberic grade: 1 ⁺⁺ = 5, 1 ⁺ = 4,1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1 point

Physicochemical properties of sirloin meat Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | level % 63.70 ± 3.16 62.28 + - 4.92 62.39 + - 2.66 61.0 ± 3.91 60.40 ± 3.38 0.761 Crude fat% 14.08 + - 4.36 16.30 ± 6.8 16.45 + - 3.55 17.89 ± 5.28 17.22 + - 4.3 0.851 Crude protein,% 20.51 + - 1.28 19.94 + 1.74 19.45 ± 1.00 19.03 ± 1.46 19.90 + 1.79 0.694 View minutes,% 0.84 ± 0.05 0.85 + - 0.12 0.79 + 0.06 0.83 0.08 0.82 + 0.07 0.865 Color
⁶⁾ L 37.99 ± 3.26 40.50 ± 2.67 40.77 ± 1.68 41.55 + 1.88 40.30 ± 3.01 0.403 a 22.56 1.51 23.43 ± 1.45 23.29 ± 1.92 22.12 ± 0.97 22.50 ± 2.05 0.753 b 10.30 ± 1.16 10.93 ± 1.20 11.09 ± 1.19 10.31 + - 0.86 9.93 ± 1.40 0.615 pH 5.50 ± 0.05 5.50 ± 0.05 5.52 + 0.02 5.53 + - 0.01 5.49 ± 0.05 0.484 Heat loss,% 24.90 ± 1.69 ^ab 25.22 ± 1.63 ^b 23.55 ± 2.37 ^ab 20.84 ± 1.76 ^a 22.42 ± 1.18 ^ab 0.018 ^* Shear force, kg / cm ² 3.61 ± 0.59 3.76 ± 0.81 3.84 0.34 3.57 ± 1.03 3.63 ± 1.04 0.987 Water holding capacity,% 57.73 + - 0.38 60.16 + - 0.96 56.73 + - 1.71 58.15 + 2.02 59.18 ± 2.04 0.060 Total cholesterol, mg / 100g 47.33 ± 1.67 ^b 41.64 ± 3.24 ^a 41.64 ± 2.26 ^a 47.10 ± 2.87 ^b 45.69 ± 2.14 ^b 0.028 ^* Sensuality
evaluation Juiciness 5.05 + - 0.33 4.93 ± 0.22 5.32 0.30 5.28 ± 0.68 5.70 ± 0.35 0.201 year 4.83 ± 0.34 4.73 ± 0.05 5.13 ± 0.67 4.73 ± 0.90 5.50 + - 0.36 0.255 Flavor 4.88 ± 0.35 4.75 ± 0.21 4.80 + - 0.14 5.05 + - 0.52 5.10 ± 0.27 0.297

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± SD.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

⁶⁾ L ^* = lightness, a ^* = redness, b ^* = yellowness.

Table 17 shows the result of analyzing physicochemical characteristics of the sirloin region. Moisture content was 60.40 ~ 63.70%, crude protein content was 19.03 ~ 20.51%, crude fat was 14.08 ~ 17.89% and there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). The L * value of lightness was in the range of 37.99 ~ 41.55, among which T2 zone was bright (P> 0.05), the a * value of redness was in the range of 22.12~23.43 and the b * value of yellowness was 9.93 To 11.09. There was almost no difference in the treatment interval. (P <0.05) and the shear force was in the range of 3.57 ~ 3.84 kg / ㎠. There was no significant difference in the treatment interval (P> 0.05) 0.05). And the cholesterol content of meat was 41.64 ~ 47.33 mg / 100g. In comparison of pretreatment period, C1 and T2 were the highest with 47.10 ~ 47.33 mg / 100g, while C2 and T1 were 41.64 mg / There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

The juiciness was 4.93 ~ 5.70 in the sensory evaluation and there was no statistical significance. The year was 4.73 to 5.50, with the highest T3, but not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The flavor was in the range of 4.75 to 5.10, and T3 was higher at 5.10, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05).

In the case of the water holding capacity which is closely related to the juiciness of meat, 56.73 ~ 60.16% was higher than that of C2, but there was no statistically significant difference.

As shown in Table 18, oleic acid was 48.42 ~ 52.95% in total composition and T3 was higher than that of oleic acid, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05), followed by palmitic acid 26.41 ~ 28.86%, stearic acid 10.12-14.10%, palmitoleic acid 2.96-4.82%, and myristic acid 2.57-4.06%. Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) was in the range of 39.92 ~ 43.81%. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatments (P> 0.05) and Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA) was in the range of 56.20 ~ 60.08% appear. The ratio of PUFA / SFA was 0.049 ~ 0.064% and the ratio of MUFA / SFA was 1.035 ~ 1.424%. However, MUFA (Monosaturated Fatty Acid) was in the range of 53.62 ~ 58.04%, among which T3 was higher, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). However, PUFA (Polysaturated Fatty Acid) was not significantly different between 2.09 ~ 2.67%.

Fatty acid composition of sirloin meat (Unit:%) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | C 14: 0 (Myristic acid) 4.06 ± 0.73 ^b 3.91 ± 0.70 ^b 2.57 + - 0.44 ^a 3.46 ± 0.34 ^ab 2.94 ± 0.31 ^ab 0.005 ^* C 16: 0 (Palmitic acid) 28.81 ± 2.17 28.86 ± 1.35 26.41 + - 0.80 26.70 + - 1.76 26.86 ± 1.30 0.117 C 16: 1 n-7 (Palmitoleic acid) 4.82 ± 1.13 4.32 ± 1.3 2.96 + - 0.94 4.53 ± 0.79 4.59 + - 0.74 0.108 C 18: 0 (Stearic acid) 10.93 + - 0.74 ^a 10.12 + - 0.12 ^a 14.10 ± 0.32 ^b 10.14 ± 1.00 ^a 10.12 ± 1.86 ^ab 0.001 ^* C 18: 1 n-9 (Oleic acid) 48.42 ± 2.67 49.55 + - 2.30 51.29 + - 1.16 52.32 + - 2.58 52.95 + - 1.27 0.108 C 18: 1 n-7 (Vaccenic acid) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 - C 18: 2 n-6 (Linoleic acid) 2.26 ± 0.35 2.30 0.46 1.81 0.21 2.07 ± 0.12 1.75 + - 0.53 0.134 C 18: 3 n-6 (Y-Linolenic acid) 0.05 ± 0.02 0.05 ± 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.773 C 18: 3 n-3 (Linolenic acid) 0.09 ± 0.01 0.08 ± 0.01 0.06 ± 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.06 ± 0.01 0.075 C 20: 1 n-9 (Eicosenoic acid) 0.38 + 0.06 ^a 0.42 ± 0.07 ^ab 0.58 ± 0.06 ^b 0.53 ± 0.09 ^ab 0.50 ± 0.01 ^ab 0.013 ^* C20: 2n-6 (Eicosadienoic acid) 0.18 ± 0.08 0.19 + 0.03 0.18 + 0.03 0.14 ± 0.05 0.19 + - 0.10 0.918 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 SFA ^{6 )} 43.81 + - 2.20 43.05 ± 1.86 43.08 ± 1.39 40.29 ± 2.63 39.92 + - 0.62 0.133 UFA ^{7 )} 56.20 ± 2.20 56.95 ± 1.86 56.92 + 1.39 59.71 ± 2.63 60.08 + - 0.62 0.133 PUFA / SFA ratio 0.059 0.062 0.049 0.058 0.064 0.239 MUFA / SFA ratio 1.224 1.261 1.273 1.424 1.035 0.099 MUFA ^{8 )} 53.62 + - 2.60 54.29 ± 1.79 54.84 ± 1.21 57.38 ± 2.65 58.04 + - 0.85 0.129 PUFA ^{9 )} 2.58 + - 0.41 2.67 ± 0.55 2.09 ± 0.31 2.33 ± 0.18 2.54 + - 0.61 0.221

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

⁶⁾ Saturated fatty acids (C14: 0 + C16: 0 + C18: 0)

⁷⁾ Unsaturated fatty acids (C14: 1 + C15: 1 + C16: 1 + C17: 1 + C18: 1 +

⁸⁾ Mono-Unsaturated fatty acids (C16: 1 + C18: 1 + C20: 1)

⁹⁾ Poly-Unsaturated fatty acids (C18: 2 + C18: 3 + C20: 2 + C20: 3 + C20: 4 + C20: 5 + C22:

Table 19 shows the composition of amino acids in the roasted meat. Glutamatic acid was the most abundant in the range of 2.17 ~ 2.50%, asparitic acid was in the range of 1.35 ~ 1.57%, and lysine Was 1.06 ~ 1.21% and Leucine was 1.10 ~ 1.30%. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in all treatments (P> 0.05). Other components were contained in a trace amount of 1% or less.

Amino acid composition of sirloin meat (Unit:%) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | ASP 1.57 + - 0.41 1.35 + - 0.38 1.52 + - 0.25 1.42 0.35 1.43 + - 0.31 0.905 THR 0.77 + - 0.23 0.65 ± 0.22 0.72 ± 0.16 0.68 ± 0.21 0.68 ± 0.20 0.918 SER 0.79 + 0.11 0.69 + 0.07 0.75 + 0.06 0.70 + 0.08 0.71 ± 0.05 0.419 GLU 2.50 + - 0.76 2.17 ± 0.70 2.35 ± 0.55 2.19 ± 0.65 2.22 ± 0.64 0.947 GLY 0.78 + - 0.12 0.69 ± 0.10 0.82 + 0.07 0.73 ± 0.08 0.73 ± 0.05 0.311 ALA 0.92 + 0.33 0.78 + - 0.33 0.90 + - 0.23 0.82 + 0.30 0.82 ± 0.28 0.954 VAL 0.76 + 0.17 0.64 + 0.14 0.73 ± 0.08 0.68 ± 0.13 0.67 ± 0.12 0.684 I-LE 0.65 ± 0.18 0.56 + 0.18 0.64 + 0.11 0.60 + 0.16 0.59 + 0.18 0.915 LEU 1.23 + - 0.40 1.10 0.45 1.30 0.30 1.24 0.34 1.23 + - 0.32 0.955 TYR 0.54 + 0.18 0.49 + 0.16 0.57 ± 0.09 0.53 + - 0.12 0.52 + 0.13 0.952 PHE 0.73 + 0.17 0.62 ± 0.16 0.70 + - 0.10 0.65 + 0.14 0.63 + 0.13 0.811 LYS 1.21 ± 0.57 1.06 ± 0.50 1.15 + - 0.43 1.10 ± 0.50 1.12 + - 0.50 0.995 HIS 0.53 ± 0.19 0.47 + 0.18 0.48 0.19 0.46 ± 0.20 0.47 + 0.22 0.988 ARG 0.92 ± 0.28 0.82 ± 0.23 0.89 0.21 0.83 + - 0.25 0.84 0.26 0.976 PRO 0.72 + 0.13 0.60 + - 0.10 0.68 ± 0.08 0.63 + 0.09 0.63 + 0.08 0.481 Sum 14.62 12.69 14.20 13.26 13.29

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

Table 20 shows the high yields produced in the minced meat during slaughtering. After slaughter, except for the head, legs, and internal organs, the remaining amount of bone including the remaining bone was 343.47 kg, 332.41 kg, 348.65 kg, 369.98 kg, and 349.60 kg in the C1, C2, T1, T2, Among the total treatments, T2 was the highest at 369.98 kg, while C2 was the lowest at 332.41 kg, but there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). In addition, the ratio of ribs was 57.84 ~ 64.37 kg (17.40% of the total weight), and the ratio of total carcass weight was 51.36 ~ 57.17kg (15.45%), , The foreskin was 29.33 to 32.54 kg (8.80%) and the stump area was 25.26 to 28.12 kg (7.60%). ), The situation was 18.54 ~ 20.64 kg (5.58%), the head circumference was 16.66 ~ 18.55 kg (5.01%) and the relief was 7.64 ~ 8.51 kg (2.30%). Compared with other treatments, T2 ratio was higher than other treatments. In addition, by-products showed 24.22 ~ 26.96 kg (7.29%) of the bovine bone, 17.54 ~ 19.52 kg (5.28%) of the tail and 6.28% of the osseous bone (20.88 ~ 23.24 kg).

The carcass weight per kg of C1, C2, T1, T2, and T3 was 14,592 ~ 15,364 won per kg, while that of control was 14,592 ~ 14,674 won. The treatments were 15,058 ~ 15,364 won per hectare The average price of one district was 466 ~ 690 won, which resulted in a higher income of 162,471 ~ 255,300 won per treatment. Among the total treatments, T3 showed the highest auction price of 15,364 won.

Production amount by site according to the division of conductor (Unit: kg) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | part
top
star

student
mountain
Amount
'kg relief 7.90 + - 0.74 7.64 ± 2.75 8.02 0.41 8.51 ± 0.64 8.04 0.83 0.547 Cave 17.22 + - 1.62 16.66 ± 5.99 17.48 ± 0.89 18.55 + 1.39 17.52 + - 1.82 0.389 sirloin 43.67 ± 4.10 42.26 ± 15.20 44.33 + - 2.27 47.04 + - 3.51 44.45 + - 4.61 0.547 Bite 53.07 ± 4.99 51.36 ± 18.47 53.87 + - 2.76 57.17 + - 4.27 54.02 + - 5.61 0.717 forelegs 30.21 + - 2.84 29.23 + - 10.51 30.66 + 1.57 32.54 + - 2.43 30.74 ± 3.19 0.589 stupidity 26.11 + - 2.45 25.26 ± 9.08 26.50 ± 1.36 28.12 ± 2.10 26.57 + - 2.76 0.458 Islands 41.42 ± 3.89 40.09 + - 14.42 42.05 ± 2.15 44.62 ± 3.33 42.16 + - 4.38 0.278 Sunshine 44.96 + - 4.23 43.51 ± 15.65 45.64 + - 2.34 48.43 + - 3.62 45.76 + - 4.75 0.781 situation 19.16 ± 1.80 18.54 + - 6.67 19.45 ± 1.00 20.64 1.54 19.50 ± 2.02 0.370 rib 59.76 ± 5.62 57.84 ± 20.80 60.66 ± 3.11 64.37 + - 4.81 60.83 + - 6.31 0.321 Total amount, kg 343.47 ± 32.29 332.41 + - 19.53 348.65 ± 17.85 369.98 ± 27.63 349.60 ± 36.29 0.841 However,
kg / won 14,592
± 1,627 14,674
± 2,035 15,176
± 1,598 15,058
± 1,833 15,364
± 919 0.809 by-product
Production, kg ethmoid 25.03 + - 2.35 24.22 + - 8.71 25.40 ± 1.30 26.96 + 2.01 25.47 ± 2.64 0.547 tail 18.12 ± 1.70 17.54 ± 6.31 18.40 + - 0.94 19.52 ± 1.46 18.45 ± 1.91 0.641 Hitch 21.58 ± 2.03 20.88 +/- 7.51 21.90 ± 1.12 23.24 + - 1.74 21.96 ± 2.28 0.598

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

5. Economic Analysis

Table 21 shows the results of the economical analysis after the specimen test. After the application of the calf purchasing cost, the concentrate feed, the forage feed (Phenyl relairy grass), the TMF feed and herbal additive, the other expenses, and the family labor force, the management costs were added to the surveys of agricultural and livestock production costs of the National Statistical Office (2014) It was the total sum after calculating all costs. In the economic analysis of the income of the farm households, the net income was 1,024,000 won for C1, 975,000 won for C2, 1,679,000 won for T1, 1,726,000 won for T2, T3 was 1,189,000 won, which was statistically significant (P <0.05).

As a result of the economic analysis of this study, it was found that the treatments with herbicide treatment were significantly higher than those of the control, and the T1 and T2 of the treatments were almost in the range of 167,000 to 173,000 won, Feeding of TMF feed supplemented with herbicide supplementation to the non - fattening period, and then feeding of concentrated feed during the post - fattening period is considered to be good. This method can shorten the fattening period and improve the conductor grade. After that, it is considered that there is no big problem in the method of separation of rich feed and forage.

In addition, TMF and TMF feeds have been used recently. However, from the results of this study, farmers feeding only TMF from the beginning of fattening were found to be cheaper, It should be noted that if the TMF feed used by many people is good, but not the ingredient and the benefit of the feed is not proved, the feed may not be increased and only expensive feeds may be produced.

Therefore, it is the most important to ensure that the quality of the nonfat farmers is maintained, and that the breeding should be carried out in accordance with the following specification program. The recommended program is to feed TMF (or TMR) from 0.5% to 0.2% herbal biocides, until the breeding season and non-breeding season, and then to concentrate the feed from mid-term or post-breeding period. In this case, the addition of Oriental herbicide to Hanwoo beef cattle could be helpful for the increase of immune system, increase of body weight and meat quality.

Economic analysis (unit: won / double) Item C1 ^{1 )} C2 ^{2 )} T1 ^{3 )} T2 ^{4 )} T3 ^{5 )} Pr> | t | revenue ^{* By-} product prices 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 0.547 Carcass price ^{6 )} 6,296,448
± 209,478 6,427,212
± 301,741 7,041,664
± 302,48 6,986,912
± 287,351 6,744,796
± 214,114 0.389 Sum 6,321,948
± 287,489 ^a 6,452,712
± 312,412 ^a 7,067,164
± 324,100 ^bc 7,012,412
± 288,416 ^bc 6,770,296
± 227,894 ^b 0.047 ^* Operating expense Calf purchase cost ^{7 )} 2,200,000 2,200,000 2,200,000 2,200,000 2,200,000 0.717 Concentrated feed ^{8 )} 1,741,168 - 1,763,285 709, 240 - 0.589 Forage fee ratio ^{8 )} 373,897 - 361,071 83,842 - 0.458 TMF feed ^{8 )} - 2,295,020 - 1,229,550 2,316,860 Additive ratio ^{9 )} - - 81,582 81,582 81,582 0.278 Others ^{10 )} 253,054 253,054 253,054 253,054 253,054 0.781 Family labor costs ^{11 )} 729,013 729,013 729,013 729,013 729,013 0.370 Sum 5,297,132
± 168,470 5,477,087
± 198,480 5,388,005
± 203,456 5,286,281
± 148,795 5,580,509
± 214,689 0.321 Earnings Net income 1,024,816
± 315,100 ^a 975,625
± 289,471 ^a 1,679,159
± 301,114 ^c 1,726,131
± 257,331 ^c 1,189,787
± 234.471 ^b 0.048 ^*

^{a, b, c} Means with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p <0.05)

^* Scheffe, ^** Bonferroni

Means ± S.D.

¹⁾ Control 1: Concentrated feed (poultry) → concentrated feed (medium poultry) → concentrated feed (late poultry)

²⁾ Control 2: TMF feed (non-fattening) → TMF feed (medium) → TMF

³⁾ Treatment 1: Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (finishing) → Add 0.5% of Oriental herbicide 0.5% Concentrated feed (medium)

⁴⁾ Treat 2: TMF feed (0.5%) with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed with 0.5% TMF feed (medium)

⁵⁾ Treat 3: TMF feed 0.5% added with Oriental herbicide 0.5% TMF feed supplemented with 0.2% TMF feed (after the finishing period)

^{6) The} price per kg of carcass: The average unit price of treatments is C1, W14,592, C214,674, T115,176,

T2 District 15,058 won, T3 District 15,364 won

1.- Carcass price by grade (won / kg): Daegu Gyeongbuk area slaughter price

2.A1 ++: 18,580, A1 +: 16,455, A1: 14,782, A2: 13,521,

3. B1 +: 16,658, B1 +: 16,127, B1: 14,537: B2: 13,336

4. C1 ++: 15,568, C1 +: 14,073, C1: 13,525, C2: 12,319

⁷⁾ Purchase of calves: Application of city tax as of Dec. 14 (National Livestock Academy)

⁸⁾ Mixed feed, forage and TMF

- Unit price per kg: compound feed 440 won, pailial grass 370 won, TMF 350 won

⁹⁾ Additive cost: Oriental additive

¹⁰⁾ Miscellaneous expenses: water utilities, depreciation, repair and maintenance costs, disinfection and disinfection costs

-> Survey on production cost of agricultural, livestock and husbandry by the National Statistical Office in '13

¹¹⁾ Labor Costs for Family Labor: -> Survey on Production Cost of Agricultural and Livestock Production by Statistics Korea

5. * Selling price of carcass by grade, by-product and manure (*: '00 .12; ** '99 .12)

6. Feed intake x unit price (won / kg)

7. Concentrate (231won / kg), Roughage (185won / kg), Pegmatite powder (4,000won / kg)

8. Charcoal powder (800won / kg), Vitamin A (1,000won / kg)

Claims (9)

1) Inoculating the sterilized medium into a sterilized medium and culturing the mixture in a shaking incubator at a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C and a stirring rate of 80 to 200 rpm for 20 to 28 hours;
2) Inoculating the liquid cultured seeds into a liquid medium, culturing the cells in a fermenter at 30 to 40 캜, a stirring speed of 50 to 150 rpm and an oxygen permeation amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vvm for 10 to 20 hours;
3) 60 to 85% by weight of wheat bran, 1 to 10% by weight of glucose, 1 to 10% by weight of sucrose, 1 to 10% by weight of peptone, potassium hydrogen phosphate The seed culture cultured in step 2) is added to a solid medium containing 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 0.01 to 5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1 to 10 wt% of yeast extract, 1 to 5 wt% of minerals and 1 to 5 wt% And incubating the cells at a temperature of 30 to 40 DEG C and a humidity of 90% or more for 20 to 28 hours;
4) drying the solid cultures produced in step 3);
5) 19 to 41% by weight of yeast cultures and 0.1 to 2% by weight of tannins were added to 58 to 80% by weight of pulverized oriental preparations by crushing the oriental preparations containing Angelica keiskei, Producing a product; And
6) mixing 0.01 to 5% by weight of the dried solid culture of step 4) with 30 to 60% by weight of the herbal preparation of step 5) and 35 to 65% by weight of the yeast culture;
&Lt; / RTI &gt; The method according to claim 1,
The seed is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis , Lactobacillus acidopillus , Aspergillus niger , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Or more of the herbicidal activity of the herbicide. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the solid medium of step 3) is adjusted to have a moisture content of 30 to 50%. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the drying in step 4) is performed by hot air drying at a temperature of 38 to 40 ° C for 24 to 48 hours. delete delete delete delete delete

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