KR101723335B1 - Splittable conjugate fiber and manufacturing method thereof, and nonwoven fabrics and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

And a nonwoven fabric exhibiting excellent abrasion resistance, and a nonwoven fabric exhibiting excellent abrasion resistance.
, 60 to 90 mass% of component A, 10 to 40 mass% of component B, wherein component A and component B are incompatible and component A or component B is an acrylonitrile- Wherein the shape of the cross section of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis is a flat shape having a flatness of 3 or more and 20 or less, a component A is dissected, a component B is a part, A nonwoven fabric having a portion having a fiber width of not less than 0.01 탆 and not more than 1 탆.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric,

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a splittable conjugate fiber, a process for producing the same, and a nonwoven fabric using the fiber and a process for producing the same.

BACKGROUND ART [0002] In recent years, acrylic fibers having durability have been used for products such as nonwoven wipers. In most of these products, fibers having a length of 5 mm or less are used, and they are generally processed into products by papermaking (papermaking). By imparting a strong force by a beating machine to the fibers, It has been humsem. For this reason, the product is good in scrubbing, but since it uses a binder, it is hard and has a volume similar to that of paper.

Therefore, it is preferable to use a fiber having a length of 10 mm or more because tangles between the fibers can be generated to form a nonwoven fabric, so that it is not necessary to use a binder and a soft touch is obtained. In addition, since the fiber after shattering exhibits excellent scrubbing property, it is preferable to use more.

However, in the case of using a fiber having a long fiber length, the use of a cracker such as a Beater Disk Refiner in the process of cutting the fiber causes the fibers to intertwine with each other to form a fiber ball, And the like, and it is industrially difficult.

It is preferable to use a high pressure columnar water stream used for a water jet or the like. However, since the high-pressure columnar water has a smaller ability to be cleaned than the high-temperature column, it is desired that the fibers used can be made of high-pressure columnar water. On the other hand, most of the conventional acrylic fibers having durability are easily produced in a high-temperature separator, but sufficient durability can not be obtained with an external force of a high-pressure columnar water stream.

A proposal for an acrylic fiber capable of being formed into a high-pressure columnar stream (Patent Document 1) is made. The fiber diameter of this acrylic fiber is larger than 0.1 dtex (about 3 탆 in diameter), and the nonwoven fabric using this acrylic fiber remains a problem in scrubbing. Further, a proposal for a fiber composed of an acrylonitrile-based polymer and cellulose acetate in a sea-island structure has been proposed (Patent Document 2). However, this composite fiber can not be absorbed by the force of the high-pressure columnar stream.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-115946 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-89924

An object of the present invention is to provide a splittable conjugate fiber exhibiting excellent shaving property when it is made into a nonwoven fabric because it is made with a weak external force of about the degree of a high pressure piercing water stream, Which is excellent in scrubbing property by using composite fibers.

The embossable composite fiber of the present invention is a fiber comprising 60 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less of component A and 10 mass% or more and 40 mass% or less of component B, wherein component A and component B are incompatible, B is an acrylonitrile-based polymer, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis is a flat shape having a flatness of not less than 3 and not more than 20 as defined below, and the component A is a sea portion, Part).

On the other hand, in the present invention, the flatness is defined as the maximum width in the longitudinal direction of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis and the maximum length in the thickness direction perpendicular to the maximum width direction as the maximum thickness, The maximum width / maximum thickness shall be flat.

In the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, the component A contains 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the component A and 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the component B; component A and component B are incompatible, It is preferable that the composite structure is composed of an acrylonitrile-based polymer, the cross-sectional shape of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis is a flat shape with a flatness of 3 or more and 20 or less, and the component A is dissected and the component B is a part.

In the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, the component which is non-compatible with the component comprising the acrylonitrile-based polymer is selected from the group of cellulose having been treated with alkali, such as cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride and cellulose acetate It is preferably at least one component.

In the embossable composite fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that the number of parts per unit area of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis of the short fibers is not less than 60 / dtex and not more than 200 / dtex.

In the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that the monofilament fineness is 1 dtex or more and 20 dtex or less, the maximum thickness of the flattened monofilament is 1 占 퐉 or more and 10 占 퐉 or less, and the monofilament elongation is 10% or more and 50% or less.

A method for producing a hypothetical conjugate fiber of the present invention is a method for producing a hypothetical conjugate fiber comprising a solution in which an acrylonitrile polymer component A is dissolved in a solvent C and a solution in which a component B which is incompatible with the component A is dissolved in a solvent C, Wherein the mixing ratio of A / B to A / B is 90/10 to 60/40, and the ratio of the major axis length to the minor axis length (Length of the long side / length of the short side) of not less than 3 but not more than 20 is discharged from the spinneret into the coagulating liquid containing the solvent C. [

The method for producing the hypothetical conjugated fiber of the present invention is characterized in that a solution in which component B as the acrylonitrile polymer is dissolved in the solvent C and a solution in which the component A which is incompatible with the component B in the solvent C is dissolved in the solvent C, And the ratio of the mass ratio A / B of the component B is 90/10 to 60/40 to prepare a mixed solution, and the discharge hole shape of the spinneret is rectangular, and the ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side / Short side length) of not less than 3 but not more than 20, the mixed solution is discharged into the aqueous solution containing the solvent C.

In the method for producing the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-compatible component are cellulose acetate.

In the method of producing the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, the solid solution concentration of the mixed solution is 15 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less, the concentration of the solvent C of the coagulating liquid is 20% or more and 60% or less, Or more and 60 占 폚 or less.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a nonwoven fabric containing the above-described tofu conjugate fibers, wherein the tofu complex portion has a portion having a fiber width of 0.01 to 1 m.

In the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, it is preferable that the length of the pleochroism composite fibers is 25 mm or more and 150 mm or less, and the content of the pleochroism composite fibers is 20 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less.

In the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric contains 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less of the pleochroism composite fiber and has a whistle section in an arbitrary range of 5 mm x 5 mm on the surface of the nonwoven fabric.

A method for producing a nonwoven fabric according to the present invention is a method for producing a nonwoven fabric comprising the steps of: providing a web comprising the above-described pleochroism composite fibers by treating a composite fiber to be subjected to a high-pressure columnar fluid discharged from a discharge port to a pressure of not less than 5 MPa And the distance from the discharge port of the high-pressure columnar fluid to the web surface is 10 mm or more and 100 mm or less.

In the method for producing a nonwoven fabric of the present invention, it is preferable that the diameter of the discharge port for discharging the high-pressure columnar fluid is 80 占 퐉 or more and 200 占 퐉 or less and the conveyance speed of the web, Min or less.

The wiping cloth of the present invention is a wiping cloth comprising the nonwoven fabric.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a nonwoven fabric which is made by a weak external force of a high-pressure columnar water stream used in a water jet or the like, A composite fiber can be provided. In addition, by including the to-be-spun conjugate fiber, it is possible to provide a nonwoven fabric having excellent scrub resistance.

1 is an electron micrograph at a magnification of 100 times, which is an example of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
2 is an electron micrograph at a magnification of 100 times, which is another example of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present invention, the releasable conjugate fiber is a fiber comprising 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the component A and 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the component B soluble in the solvent C common to the component A, And component B are incompatible, component A or component B is an acrylonitrile-based polymer, and the shape of a fiber cross section perpendicular to the fiber axis (hereinafter simply referred to as " fiber cross section ") is flat Shape.

Since the component A and the component B are incompatible with each other, the component A of the component A having a large mass ratio is dissected and the component B having a small mass ratio is a portion of the composite, It is easy to obtain a weak external force of the degree of high-pressure columnar water flow.

In the present invention, the term "incompatibility" means that when the solution X in which the component A is dissolved in the solvent C and the solution Y in which the component B is dissolved in the solvent C are mixed, the solution X and the solution Y have an interface and are separated from each other It refers to the property observed.

It is preferable that the component A or the component B is an acrylonitrile-based polymer because the nonwoven fabric containing the compensating composite fiber of the present invention has hydrophilic and lipophilic positive. Moreover, since the component A is an acrylonitrile-based polymer, it has a very thin and acute angle with a cross-section, and therefore it is easy to obtain superior scrubbing performance than when using other natural or chemical fibers. In addition, from the viewpoint of production of the pleochroism composite fiber, it is more preferable because it is easy to draw and has good radioactivity.

On the other hand, even if the component B is an acrylonitrile-based polymer, it is preferable that there is no problem in the radioactivity of the component A, and that a satisfactory degree of external force with a high degree of high-pressure columnar water flow is obtained. Examples of the component A include cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose.

When the mass ratio of the component A in the to-be-dispersed composite fibers is 60% by mass or more, the composite is composed of a composite of islands and the content of the composite is 90% by mass or less.

If the mass ratio of the component B in the releasable conjugate fiber is 10% by mass or more, the to-be-composite fiber tends to be scratched by a weak external force of the high-pressure columnar water stream, and if the mass ratio is 40% The fibers are liable to have a composite structure of sea charts, and the number of times of breakage of stretching during spinning is reduced, and the processability is likely to be improved. In the present invention, the weak external force refers to a water current of about 30 MPa under pressure.

The acrylonitrile-based polymer which is a component of the compensating composite fiber of the present invention is a polymer composed of an acrylonitrile monomer and an unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the acrylonitrile monomer and occupying not less than 50 mass% of acrylonitrile units. As unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with such acrylonitrile monomers, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or alkyl esters thereof, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl benzene And ionic unsaturated monomers such as sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium sulfosuccinate sulfonate, The unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the acrylonitrile monomer is more preferably vinyl acetate. By employing vinyl acetate, the dyeability is improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

The constituent of the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-compatible component in the compensating composite fiber of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a component that is incompatible with the acrylonitrile-based polymer and is soluble in a solvent that dissolves the acrylonitrile-based polymer . The component is preferably a component selected from the group of cellulose acetate, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose in which the cellulose acetate has been treated with an alkali.

With these components, the radioactivity is good and the formation of the sea-island structure tends to be easy.

The acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-flammable component are more preferably cellulose acetate having good durability at a weak external force on the order of high-pressure columnar water streams. Furthermore, the cellulose acetate is preferably cellulose acetate having an average acetylation degree of 48.8% or more and 62.5% or less from the viewpoint of water absorption, and cellulose diacetate having an average acetylation degree of 48.8% or more and 56.2% or less More preferable.

In addition, all or a part of these cellulose acetates are celluloseized by the alkali treatment, and it is more preferable because cellulose is further improved in absorbability.

The compensating composite fiber of the present invention may contain other polymers, antimicrobial agents, antistatic agents, antiseptics, and the like within a range that does not impair willingness derived from sea-island structure.

Further, it is preferable that the pleochroism conjugate fiber of the present invention has a flat shape with a flatness of not less than 3 and not more than 20 on the fiber cross section. If the flatness of the cross section of the fiber is 3 or more, the external force of the high-pressure columnar water stream is liable to be easily absorbed. If the flatness is 20 or less, the radiation of the helical conjugate fiber is facilitated. More preferably, the flatness rate is 4 to 15 from the viewpoint of uniformity and radioactivity, and the flatness rate is more preferably 5 to 10.

In the present invention, the flatness is measured by a method (flatness ratio measuring method) described later.

In the compensating composite fiber of the present invention, a weak external force of about the degree of high-pressure columnar water flow is imparted. Therefore, the cross-section of the fibers of the pleat composite fibers is preferably a flat shape susceptible to impact due to a weak external force of a high pressure columnar water stream. It is also important that the polymer forming the releasable conjugate fiber is properly oriented in the fiber axis direction to form an interface between the dissimilar polymers inside the releasable conjugate fiber. Therefore, the pleochroism composite fiber of the present invention has a composite structure that is brittle with respect to external force, so that even a weak external force of a high-pressure columnar water stream effectively exerts a good separating property to form the composite fiber.

In the embodied composite fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that, in the cross-section of the fibers of the monofilament, the number of the unit parts per unit area is not less than 60 / dtex and not more than 200 / dtex. If the number of the unit island-shaped portions is more than 60 / dtex, the interfacial area between the two components is increased, and the abrasion to be performed is good, so that the wipe-off property becomes good when the nonwoven fabric is used, By weight, the fiber strength of the pleochroism composite fiber is hardly lowered, and the radioactivity is improved. From the viewpoints described above, the number of the islands per unit area is preferably 70 to 130, more preferably 72 to 110.

It is preferable that the embodied composite fiber of the present invention has a monofilament fineness of 1 dtex or more and 20 dtex or less. If the single fiber fineness of the filamentous conjugate fiber is more than 1 dtex, the spinning of the filamentous conjugate fiber tends to be facilitated. If the single filament fineness is less than 20 dtex, the thickness of the fiber cross section becomes smaller, It becomes easy to do. From the above viewpoint, the monofilament fineness is more preferably 2 dtex or more and 10 dtex or less, and still more preferably 3 dtex or more and 6 dtex or less.

The embedding complex fiber of the present invention preferably has a maximum thickness (see below) of flattening the cross-section of the fiber (measurement of the flatness ratio) of 1 占 퐉 or more and 10 占 퐉 or less. When the maximum thickness is 1 占 퐉 or more, in the production of the nonwoven fabric using the pleochroism composite fibers, the breakage of the short fibers in the carding process for forming the web bearing the high-pressure columnar water stream is small, , And if it is 10 μm or less, the pleatfice composite fiber tends to be broken even by a weak external force of about the high-pressure columnar water flow. The length of the maximum thickness is more preferably 3 m or more and 8 m or less in view of the above. On the other hand, a web is a web in which a plurality of short fibers are pulled and aligned or randomly stacked to form a sheet.

The embossable composite fiber of the present invention preferably has a short fiber elongation of 10% or more and 50% or less. If the short fiber elongation is 10% or more, the isocratic conjugated fiber has good short-fiber threading due to a short fiber break in the carding process, and if the short fiber elongation is 50% or less, The weak external force of the water flow can also be facilitated. From the above viewpoint, the short fiber elongation is more preferably 20% or more and 40% or less, and still more preferably 25% or more and 35% or less.

The embossable composite fiber of the present invention preferably has a short fiber strength of 1 cN / dtex or more and 3 cN / dtex or less. When the short fiber strength is 1 cN / dtex or more, passage through the carding process is good because the short fiber breakage is small when the nonwoven fabric is formed using the pleochroism composite fiber, and when the short fiber strength is 3 cN / dtex or less, It is easy to do with a weak external force of the water flow degree. The short fiber strength is more preferably 1.5 cN / dtex to 2.5 cN / dtex.

The compensating composite fiber of the present invention is preferably cut to a fiber length of 25 mm or more and 150 mm or less. If the fiber length of the composite fiber to be treated is 25 mm or more, the processability is good because the web is easily connected in the carding process. If the fiber length of the composite fiber is 150 mm or less, A good web tends to be obtained, and the to-be-weighed composite fibers are easily intertwined with each other, and the strength of the nonwoven fabric is easily obtained. From the above viewpoint, the fiber length of the to-be-weft conjugated fiber is more preferably 30 mm or more and 120 mm or less, still more preferably 35 mm or more and 80 mm or less.

A method for producing a hypothetical conjugate fiber of the present invention is a method for producing a hypothetical conjugate fiber comprising a solution in which an acrylonitrile polymer component A is dissolved in a solvent C and a solution in which a component B which is incompatible with the component A is dissolved in a solvent C, Which is a ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side of the rectangular section, is set as a mixed solution by mixing the mass ratio A / B of the long side length A / B in the range of 90/10 to 60/40, Length) of not less than 3 but not more than 20 is discharged from the discharge hole into the aqueous solution containing the solvent C. [

The method for producing the hypothetical conjugated fiber of the present invention is characterized in that a solution in which component B as the acrylonitrile polymer is dissolved in the solvent C and a solution in which the component A which is incompatible with the component B in the solvent C is dissolved in the solvent C, And the ratio of the mass ratio A / B of the component B is 90/10 to 60/40 to prepare a mixed solution, and the discharge hole shape of the spinneret is rectangular, and the ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side / Short side length) of not less than 3 but not more than 20, the mixed solution is discharged into the aqueous solution containing the solvent C.

In the method for producing the hypothetical conjugate fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that a solution in which the acrylonitrile-based polymer is dissolved in the solvent C and a solution in which the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-inert component are dissolved in the solvent C are mixed. By mixing the acrylonitrile-based polymer, the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-compatible component each in a solvent, the cross-section of the fiber forming the sea-island structure is made such that the number of parts per unit area is not less than 60 / / dtex or less.

Further, when the mass ratio A / B of the component A and the component B is mixed in the range of 90/10 to 60/40, the number of parts per unit area is likely to become 60 / dtex to 200 / dtex or less.

Further, in the method for producing the pleochroism conjugated fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the component that is non-flammable are at least one component selected from the group of cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl chloride , And more preferably cellulose acetate.

The solvent C is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent for dissolving the acrylonitrile polymer of the component A, and may be any of an inorganic solvent and an organic solvent. As such a solvent, there may be mentioned, for example, nitric acid (aqueous solution), zinc chloride aqueous solution, Rhodamine salt aqueous solution, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,? -Butyrolactone, And in view of solubility and handling properties, dimethylacetamide is preferable.

If the discharge hole shape of the spinneret is rectangular and the cross-sectional shape of the fibers of the spinning composite filament becomes flat with a flatness of not less than 3 but not more than 20, there is no particular limitation on the spinning ratio (long side length / short side length) , And the pore size of the discharge hole is preferably from 3 to 20 because the flatness of the fiber cross-sectional shape of the pleochroism composite fiber tends to be 3 or more and 20 or less, and more preferably 5 or more and 15 or less. The shape of the discharge hole of the spinneret may be a flat shape. Since the yarn exposing ratio of the discharging holes varies depending on the manufacturing conditions such as the discharging speed of the fibers and the draw ratio and the like, the flatness ratio of the target fiber is preferably within the range of the above- Appropriate selection is made according to the manufacturing conditions.

The polymer concentration of the mixed solution varies depending on the solvent, but it is preferably 15 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less in terms of the solid content concentration in the case of an organic solvent. If the solid concentration is 15 mass% or more, the cross-sectional shape of the fiber tends to be flat, and if it is 28 mass% or less, the viscosity of the mixed solution is not excessively increased. The solid concentration is more preferably 18 mass% or more and 28 mass% or less, and still more preferably 20 mass% or more and 24 mass% or less.

The wet spinning method of the present invention can be applied to any of wet spinning, dry spinning spinning and dry spinning. However, the wet spinning method is a method in which the mixed solution becomes solidified, Therefore, it is preferable. In addition, the wet spinning method is preferable because a large number of wrinkles are likely to be formed on the surface of the fiber and it becomes easy to cut off.

It is preferable to use an aqueous solution of the same solvent as the solvent used in the mixed solution for the coagulating solution when the wet spinning method or the dry wet spinning method is used. The temperature of the coagulating liquid is preferably 20 占 폚 or more and 60 占 폚 or less, and the solvent concentration is preferably 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less. If the temperature and concentration of the coagulating liquid are within the above range, the coagulation of the mixed solution is not excessively delayed, the dense fiber is difficult to be formed, and the coagulation becomes too early and the coagulation becomes excessively early. So that it is possible to maintain a flat fiber shape. It is more preferable that the coagulating solution has a temperature of 30 ° C or more and 50 ° C or less and a solvent concentration of 30% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.

The mixed solution is a non-drawn yarn which is discharged into a coagulating liquid and shaped into a fiber by using a spinneret having a discharge shape of a rectangular shape as a spinning stock solution, And at the same time, stretching is performed at a draw magnification of 3 to 7 times. When the draw ratio is 3 or more, the mechanical strength of the obtained fiber is not lowered, and the durability of the product is improved. If the stretching magnification is 7 times or less, process problems such as breakage of yarn are less likely to occur. The resulting stretched yarn is subjected to an oil agent treatment, a drying treatment, a relaxation heat treatment, and the like by an ordinary method.

On the other hand, in the method for producing the pleochroism conjugated fiber of the present invention, it is preferable that a functional substance such as antifouling property and antimicrobial property, such as a fluorine-based compound or an amine-based compound, or a substance such as chitin , Chitosan, and the like.

Further, in the method for producing an annexed composite fiber of the present invention, the thus obtained annexed composite fiber may be subjected to an alkali treatment so that all or part of the cellulose acetate of the end portion is made into a cellulose. In this case, it is possible to obtain a roughened conjugate fiber having a structure in which all or a part of the cellulose acetate is cellulose, and the acrylonitrile-based polymer is dissected.

The alkali treatment can be performed with a tow dyeing machine, a cotton dyeing machine, a cheese dyeing machine, a failure dyeing machine and the like. The alkaline treatment conditions are such that the pleochroism composite fiber is immersed in a caustic soda aqueous solution having a concentration of 12 mass% and a temperature of 60 deg. C for 30 minutes, for example, if the glass part is cellulose diacetate. According to such an alkali treatment, in the pleochroism composite fiber of the present invention, all of the cellulose diacetate in the portion is made to be cellulose, and the composite fiber having a composite structure in which the cellulose is an isocyanate and the acrylonitrile polymer is dissected is obtained. Alkali treatment conditions such as caustic soda and the like, concentration, temperature, time and the like may be changed depending on the purpose of use.

Next, the nonwoven fabric using the compensating composite fiber of the present invention will be described.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a nonwoven fabric containing a nonwoven fabric and may contain other fibers. The nonwoven fabric of the present invention has a cordy part made of ultrafine fibers that are made of the cordierite composite fibers, and the fibers of the cordieres have a fiber width in a range of 0.01 탆 or more and 5 탆 or less.

Compared with the fineness of the fineness of the to-be-spun portion of the to-be-spun fiber described in Patent Document 1, the fiber of the marbled portion of the non-woven fabric of the present invention has a fiber width of not less than 0.01 μm and not more than 1 Mu] m or less.

The hazy portion of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a portion formed by placing a high pressure columnar water stream on a web at the time of producing the nonwoven fabric and the high pressure columnar water stream is made of a very fine fiber so as not to leave a circular shape of the fiber before the atmosphere . Further, in this island portion, extremely fine fibers of low hydrophilicity or high hydrophilicity of cellulose acetate and / or cellulose main body and hydrophobic finer fibers of main body of acrylonitrile polymer are mixed.

It is preferable that the fibers of the non-woven fabric of the present invention have fibers having a fiber width of not less than 0.01 탆 and not more than 5 탆. If the fiber width is 0.01 탆 or more, the cut fibers are difficult to cut, and if the fiber width is 1 탆 or less, good scrubbing tends to be obtained. The fiber width is more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 0.8 μm or less, and more preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less.

Such a nonwoven fabric having a bevelled portion made of a very fine fiber has a good scrubbing performance. Therefore, the nonwoven fabric using the embalming acrylic fiber of the present invention has a hydrophilic and lipophilic positive and has a microfine fiber having a fiber width of not less than 0.01 탆 and not more than 1 탆, so that contamination of water and oil, Excellent scrubbing performance can be obtained.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention preferably contains the compensating composite fiber of the present invention having a fiber length of 25 mm or more and 150 mm or less. If the fiber length is not less than 25 mm and not more than 150 mm, the fibers are easily entangled and the strength of the nonwoven fabric is easily obtained. The fiber length is more preferably 30 mm or more and 120 mm or less, and still more preferably 35 mm or more and 80 mm or less.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention preferably contains 20% by mass or more of the pliable composite fiber of the present invention, more preferably 40% by mass or more. If it is contained in an amount of 20% by mass or more, a sufficient portion of the nonwoven fabric to be polished can be sufficiently obtained. If there is no problem in the physical properties of the nonwoven fabric, the content of the pleochroism composite fibers of the present invention is preferably high. The nonwoven fabric of the present invention may contain other materials for obtaining the necessary properties for the nonwoven fabric.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention is preferably a nonwoven fabric because it has a whisker portion in an arbitrary range of 5 mm × 5 mm on the surface of the nonwoven fabric to uniformly provide the entire nonwoven fabric portion with a good scrubbing property.

The basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is preferably 30 g / m ² or more and 150 g / m ² or less. If the basis weight is in this range, the nonwoven fabric has sufficient strength and can be used repeatedly, and the raw material cost is also lowered. The basis weight is more preferably 40g / m ^2, more than 100g / m, and preferably, 45g / m ² at least 75g / m ² or less more preferably ² or less.

The other fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are applicable to a nonwoven fabric manufacturing facility and include synthetic fibers such as acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers and polyolefin fibers, , Cellulose acetate fibers and copper ammonia fibers, and natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk, and the like, and it is preferable to use them according to the purpose of use of the nonwoven fabric. For example, when the object to be wiped is oily pollution, in the case of oleophilic synthetic fibers, soil pollution or water pollution such as sweat, hydrophilic chemical fibers or natural fibers are included in the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, Lt; / RTI >

The method for producing the nonwoven fabric of the present invention will be described.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention may employ a dry method and a wet method. The dry method is a method in which staple fibers (15 to 100 mm in fiber length) are randomly arranged by a carding machine in a predetermined direction and air streams called air-lay, And a weak external force is applied to the web by a liquid flow or an air stream to entangle the fibers to form a nonwoven fabric.

The wet method is a method in which short fibers (having a fiber length of 6 mm or less) are dispersed in water to be recrystallized in a net shape to form a material called a fleece, and the fleece is dried to form a nonwoven fabric. In the wet method, when the staple fibers are dispersed in water, the stiffening treatment can impart a stronger external force to the tentative composite fibers than the external force of the high-pressure columnar water.

Since the embeddable composite fiber of the present invention is formed with a weak external force of about the order of high-pressure columnar water streams, it is suitable for the nonwoven fabric by the above-mentioned wet method. Next, the method will be described in detail.

In the production of the web containing the garment complex conjugate fiber of the present invention, carding carding, random carding, airlaying, papermaking and the like are used. When the fiber length of the conjugated complex fiber is long, it is preferable to use consumable carding or random carding to make the web.

It is preferable to laminate the web so that the basis weight of the web becomes 30 g / m ² or more and 150 g / m ² or less. When the basis weight is 30 g / m < ² > or more, the strength of the nonwoven fabric increases and the handling property of the nonwoven fabric becomes good. When the basis weight is 150 g / m < ² > or less, It gets easier.

Next, the obtained web is put on a net, and high-pressure pillared water is imparted to the web, and the web is conveyed to a place where the entanglement of the fibers and the provisional composite fibers are performed. The high pressure columnar water stream is discharged from a plurality of discharge ports arranged in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the web.

The wastewater treatment of the composite fibers is carried out by placing a web on a net made of metal or resin which is stationary or moving, and putting a high-pressure columnar water stream injected from the discharge port on the web. The diameter, number, and arrangement of nozzles for jetting high-pressure columnar water streams are not particularly limited as long as the fiber width of the pleochroism composite fibers of the present invention is within a range of 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. In addition, the treatment using the high-pressure columnar water may be repeated or may be a multi-stage treatment in which the unit of the nozzle is provided in multiple stages and the repetitive treatment or the water pressure is changed.

The water pressure of the high pressure columnar water stream imparted to the web is preferably 5 MPa or more and 30 MPa or less. When the water pressure is 5 MPa or more, the pleated composite fibers are sufficiently formed, and when the water pressure is 30 MPa or less, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of cutting of the plumbed fibers and punching of the nonwoven fabric. From the above viewpoint, the water pressure is more preferably 7 MPa or more and 15 MPa or less.

It is preferable that the high-pressure columnar water streams are put into the web several times with a plurality of rows in which the discharge ports for discharging the high-pressure columnar water streams are arranged. By damping the high pressure piercing water several times on the web, it is easy to make the fiber of the web in the range of 0.01 탆 or more and 1 탆 or less, and it becomes easy to uniformly make the entire web.

It is preferable that the distance from the discharge port for discharging the high-pressure columnar water to the web is 10 mm or more and 100 mm or less. If the distance is 10 mm or more, the state of the web is difficult to be disturbed because the discharge port and the web are difficult to contact. If the distance is 100 mm or less, the external force necessary for the web can be sufficiently imparted to the web. The distance is more preferably 15 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and more preferably 15 mm or more and 35 mm or less.

Further, it is preferable that the diameter of the discharge port for discharging the high-pressure columnar water stream is 80 μm or more and 200 μm or less. If the diameter is 80 탆 or more, the high-pressure columnar water does not easily pass through the web, so that punching of the nonwoven fabric is difficult to occur. When the diameter is 200 탆 or less, the external force required for cutting is easily increased. From the above viewpoint, the diameter is more preferably 100 m or more and 180 m or less, and more preferably 120 m or more and 160 m or less.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the speed at which the web is transported when the to-be-treated fibers are subjected to the isothermal composite fibers is 5 m / min or more and 50 m / min or less. If the velocity is 5 m / min or more, the productivity is good, and if the velocity is 50 m / min or less, the high-pressure columnar water flow can be sufficiently provided at an arbitrary point. The speed is more preferably 10 m / min or more and 40 m / min or less, and more preferably 15 m / min or more and 30 m / min or less.

When the nonwoven fabric includes other fibers than the nonwoven fabric fibers, the nonwoven fabric fibers are mixed with the other fibers by arbitrary mixing means, and then the resultant mixture is subjected to a web to form a composite fiber to be subjected to high-pressure pumping It is made into a nonwoven fabric by interlocking with the shim.

Next, the wiping cloth made of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention will be described.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a wiping cloth using a nonwoven fabric of a fine fiber is known, and a wiping cloth of a dry sheet type or a wiping cloth of a wet sheet type is known as a wiping cloth. The dry sheet type wiping cloth absorbs dust and yarn lint by being attracted to the fibers by being charged by friction with the surface to be wiped. On the other hand, the wet sheet type wiping cloth is formed of cellulose fibers such as cotton, rayon, cupra, etc., and wipes the contamination adhered to the floor or the like by means of detergent or wax impregnated with water or sheet I will.

The wiping cloth made of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention may be a dry sheet type or a wet sheet type. The wiping cloth of the present invention contains a very fine fiber having a fiber width in a range of 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. By containing the fibers having the fine fiber widths described above, the dry sheet type increases the contact area with the contamination such as dust and grease, and by the trapping of the contamination by the adsorption and the peeling of the contamination coat, And exhibits superior scrubbing performance. In addition, since the wiping cloth of the present invention contains the cellulose complex and the isocyanurate conjugate fiber of cellulose and / or acrylonitrile polymer, excellent wiping performance is exhibited even in the wet sheet type due to the hydrophilicity of the cellulose-based fiber. The wiping cloth of the present invention not only has excellent scrubbing performance but also does not require any special technique or process in the production of the nonwoven fabric, so that the wiping cloth can be obtained at a lower cost than the conventional wiping cloth.

Example

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. On the other hand, the measurement of each item in the examples was based on the following method.

(Method of measuring flatness ratio)

About 200 of the composite fibers were placed in a polyethylene tube having an inner diameter of 1 mm, and then the hot air of the dryer was aired to shrink the polyethylene tube to such an extent that the bundles of the composite fibers were not lost. Here, the polyethylene tube was used which was shrunk only in the circumferential direction.

Next, the polyethylene tube filled with the pleated composite fibers was cut in an approximately vertical direction in an axial direction with an unused razor, to a length of about 1 cm.

One side of the cut surface was fixed to a base with a double-sided tape, and the surface of the cut surface was cleaned with a low-temperature ion sputtering machine (JFC-1100, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) at 1200 V-5 mA for 10 minutes. And gold was vapor-deposited on the cut surface of the < RTI ID = 0.0 > to-be < / RTI >

The cross-section of the fibers of the pleatable composite fiber of the sample was observed at a magnification of 500 times using a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Ltd., S-3500N, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) And the flat shape was bent by an external force The length of the longest fiber length in the fiber cross section and the longest length in the thickness direction perpendicular to the maximum width direction are taken as the maximum thickness, The maximum thickness was measured, and the maximum width / maximum thickness was determined as flatness. The flatness of the cross section of the fibers of the 25 pleochroism composite fibers was calculated, and the average value of the flatness ratios was used.

(Measurement of single fiber fineness)

The composite fiber was allowed to stand for 60 minutes under an environment of a temperature of 25 DEG C and a humidity of 65%, and then subjected to measurement using an automatic vibro type fineness measuring instrument (Denier Computer DC-11, manufactured by Search Co. Ltd.) And the temperature was measured at 25 캜 and at a humidity of 65%. The measurement was carried out on 25 dendrimer composite fibers, and the average value thereof was used.

(The number of parts per unit island)

A sample was prepared in the same manner as the method of measuring the flatness. The three pleochroism composite fibers were observed by observing the fiber cross-section at a magnification of 500 times, counting the number of gaps in the fiber cross-section, and dividing the number of gutters by the single fiber fineness. This measurement was carried out with respect to the three pleochroism composite fibers, and the average value thereof was used.

(Evaluation of completeness)

The nonwoven fabric obtained in each example was cut into a size of 5 mm x 5 mm and fixed to a table with a double-sided tape. Using JFC-1100 (low-temperature ion sputtering apparatus) manufactured by Nihon Denshi Co., Ltd. under conditions of 1200 V- , Gold was deposited on the surface of the nonwoven fabric on the observation side to prepare a sample. And observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-3500N, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at a magnification of 100 times. Five surfaces were observed, and the halftipality was judged according to the following criteria.

?: As shown in Part D of Fig. 1, when it is confirmed that at least one of the five samples has a portion which is not so much left as to leave the original shape of the fiber

X: As shown in part E of Fig. 1, when it is confirmed that all of the five samples do not have a portion which is not left so as to leave a circular shape of the fiber,

(Fiber width of the treated fiber (maximum width and minimum width))

A sample was prepared in the same manner as in the above-mentioned evaluation of the degree of the affinity. The prepared nonwoven fabric was observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 100 times, and a horsemed portion was selected. The maximum and minimum fibers among the fibers were observed at a magnification of 1500 times, and the enlarged photographs of the selected fibers were taken at 8000 times, and the width of the fibers was measured. Here, the fiber width refers to the length in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber.

This measurement was carried out with respect to the marginal parts of 10 places, and the average value thereof was used.

(Scrubbing)

The aqueous contamination of the raw water and water of the matte watercolor paint (SAKURA COLOR PRODUCTS CORP.) Made by SAKURA COLOR PRODUCTS CORP. In a mass ratio of 1: 1 was sucked up with a pasteur pipette, 75mm, measured the weight (W ₁₎ g of the thickness of 1mm, mass (W ₀₎ g total of attachment the amount of one droplet with a Pasteur pipette on the inner side at least 10mm from the end of the slide glass and the slide glass and the water contamination. The aqueous contamination on the slide glass was about 10 mm in diameter. Immediately thereafter, the entire nonwoven fabric cut to 2 cm x 2 cm was loaded with a load of 200 g, and the nonwoven fabric was transferred at a speed of 1 m / min on the slide glass over the aqueous contamination, thereby wiping off the contamination. Then, the mass (W ₂ ) g of the slide glass after wiping was measured. The mass ratio of the wiped aqueous contamination was calculated by the following equation, and the scrub resistance was obtained from the obtained value.

(%) = [1- (W ₂ -W ₀ ) / (W ₁ -W ₀ )] × 100

The shavability evaluation was made based on the following criteria for the mass percentage of wasted pollution.

Less than 99%, Class 4: 98% or more, Less than 99%, Class 3: 97% or more, Less than 98%, Class 2: 96% or more, Less than 97%, Class 1: Less than 96%

(Confirmation method of compatibility)

The acrylonitrile-based polymer was mixed with dimethylacetamide to have a solid content concentration of 20% by mass and heated at 80 캜 to dissolve to prepare a solution of 200 cc. Further, the other component was mixed with dimethylacetamide so that the solid content concentration became 20 mass%, and the solution was heated to 80 deg. C to dissolve, and a 200 cc solution was prepared. The two solutions were put in one container and stirred with a three-one-motor (SCR-100 manufactured by iuchi Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 25 캜 Mixed solution. About 5 g of the mixed solution was placed on the slide glass, and observed at a magnification of 200 times using an optical microscope. If it is incompatible, the interface can be observed.

(Example 1)

As component A, an acrylonitrile polymer (component A1) was obtained by a known aqueous suspension polymerization method so that the acrylonitrile unit and the vinyl acetate unit were in the composition ratios shown in Table 1. The component A1 was mixed with dimethylacetamide (solvent C) so that the mass ratio of the component A1 was 24 mass%, and the solution A1 was heated to 80 占 폚 to obtain a solution P in which the component A1 was dissolved in the solvent C. As the component B, cellulose diacetate having an average degree of acetylation of 55.2% (component B1) was mixed with dimethylacetamide (solvent C) so that the mass ratio of the component B1 was 18 mass%, and the mixture was heated to 80 deg. Solution Q dissolved in C was obtained.

The solution P and the solution Q were mixed so that the mass ratio of the component A1 and the component B1 was 70/30 and the mixed solution was prepared by stirring and mixing the components A1 and B1 evenly. The mixed solution was discharged from a rectangular discharge hole having an aspect ratio of 10, which is a ratio of a long side length and a short side length, to a coagulation liquid comprising an aqueous solution having a temperature of 40 DEG C and a concentration of 35% by mass of dimethylacetamide, Min to prepare a coagulating yarn. While the solvent in the coagulating yarn was being cleaned in boiling water, the resultant was stretched and tripled three times, and further subjected to drying and relaxation heat treatment at 150 deg. The obtained separable conjugate fiber was cut into a fiber length of 40 mm.

As shown in Table 2, the obtained separable complex conjugate fibers had a flat fiber fineness of 3.3 dtex and a fiber cross-section with a flatness of 7, flattening the acrylonitrile-based polymer on the cross-section of the fibers, As shown in Table 3, and had excellent durability.

A web having a length of 40 mm was cut and passed through a waste carding web to obtain a web. I put this web on a net that is transported at 20m / min. A high-pressure columnar water having a water pressure of 10 MPa was discharged toward a conveyed web from a discharge port having a discharge port diameter of 150 mu m, and a high pressure columnar water flow was applied to the web. The distance from the discharge port to the web was 30 mm. It has intertwined the complex conjugate fibers with the complexity of making the composite fibers of the web into the high pressure columnar stream. Thereafter, it was dried at 110 DEG C for 3 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 50 g / m < ² >.

This non-woven fabric has a non-woven composite fiber, and has a wavy portion in which the ultra-fine fibers of the main body of the acrylonitrile polymer and the ultra-fine fibers of the main body of the cellulose diacetate are mixed. As shown in Table 2, And a minimum width of 0.02 mu m, and this nonwoven fabric had extremely excellent scrubbing properties as shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3. < tb > < TABLE >

(Example 2)

The mass ratio of the acrylonitrile polymer (component A1) and the cellulose diacetate (component B1) in the mixed solution in Example 1 was changed so that the acrylonitrile polymer (component A1) and the cellulose diacetate Acetate (component B1) was changed as shown in Table 1, to thereby produce a composite fiber and a nonwoven fabric. The properties of the nonwoven fabric to be treated, and the like were as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

(Example 3)

Except that component B was changed to polyvinylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., PVPK-79) shown in Table 1, Fiber and nonwoven fabric. The properties of the nonwoven fabric to be treated, and the like were as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

(Example 4)

A composite fiber and a nonwoven fabric were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the component B was changed to polyvinyl chloride (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, SG-1100) shown in Table 1. The properties of the nonwoven fabric to be treated, and the like were as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

(Examples 5 to 7)

The nonwoven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content ratio of the whitening conjugate fibers in the nonwoven fabric was changed as shown in Table 3. [ The properties of the nonwoven fabric to be treated, and the like were as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Acrylic fiber having a monofilament fineness of 1.0 dtex and a fiber length of 40 mm was used as the nonwoven fabric other than the pleochroism conjugated fiber of the present invention.

(Example 8)

A composite fiber and a nonwoven fabric were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the discharge hole shape of the spinneret at the time of spinning was changed to obtain a composite fiber having a flatness of fiber cross section of 13. The maximum width, the minimum width and the wiping property of the non-woven fabric in the marbled portion of the non-woven fabric are shown in Tables 2 and 3 Respectively.

(Comparative Examples 1 to 3)

The mass ratio of the acrylonitrile polymer component A1 as the component B1 and the cellulose diacetate as the component B1 in the mixed solution and the discharge hole shape of the spinneret were changed as shown in Table 2, And a nonwoven fabric. In all of the composite fibers obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the fiber cross-section did not form a flat surface. Table 3 shows the formability and scrubbing property of the composite fibers obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, but the obtained composite fibers were not entirely cut at all.

(Comparative Example 4)

An acrylic fiber and a nonwoven fabric were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass ratio of the acrylonitrile-based polymer as the component A in the fiber to the cellulose diacetate as the component B was changed as shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the durability and scrubbing property of the obtained acrylic fiber, but the obtained acrylic fiber was not cut at all.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The releasable conjugate fiber of the present invention is made with a weak external force of about the degree of high-pressure pillared water as used in the entanglement treatment of a fiber by a water jet, The nonwoven fabric of the present invention is useful as a material of a nonwoven fabric which is similar to a fabric and has a volume feeling and is excellent in scrubbing property. Further, the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is useful as a wiping cloth which is similar to a fabric and has excellent scrub resistance.

The embossable composite fiber of the present invention can be produced by a wet spinning method which is the same as the usual acrylic fiber manufacturing method without using a special spinning method and can be used in the production of an embossed nonwoven fabric It is possible to obtain the nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric, and further the wiping cloth at low cost.

D: In the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, the conjugate fiber is formed so as not to leave a prototype of the fiber
E: In the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, the conjugate fiber is a part

Claims (11)

60% or more and 90% or less by mass of the component A, and 10% or more and 40% or less by mass of the component B, wherein the component A and the component B are incompatible and the component A or B is an acrylonitrile- Wherein the shape of the cross section of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis is a flat shape having a flatness of 3 or more and 20 or less and the component A is the sea portion and the component B is the island portion, A splittable conjugate fiber having a composite structure, wherein the number of splices per unit area of the fiber cross section is not less than 70 / dtex and not more than 200 / dtex. 60 to 90 mass% or less of Component A, 10 to 40 mass% or less of Component B, wherein Component A and Component B are incompatible, Component A is a component comprising an acrylonitrile polymer, Wherein the shape of the fiber cross section perpendicular to the fiber axis is a flat shape having a flatness of not less than 3 but not more than 20 and a component A is dissected and a component B is not crossed and the fiber cross section perpendicular to the fiber axis of the short fiber Wherein the number of the composite fibers is from 70 / dtex to 200 / dtex. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the component which is incompatible with the component comprising the acrylonitrile-based polymer is at least one component selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride and cellulose subjected to alkali treatment of cellulose acetate. delete 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the single fiber fineness is 1 dtex or more and 20 dtex or less. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the maximum thickness of the flat shape is not less than 1 占 퐉 and not more than 10 占 퐉. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the short fiber elongation is 10% or more and 50% or less. A solution in which component A, which is an acrylonitrile-based polymer, is dissolved in a solvent C, and a solution in which component B, which is incompatible with component A, is dissolved in solvent C, and a solution in which the mass ratio A / B of component A and component B is 90/10 to 60 / 40 to prepare a mixed solution, and the discharge hole shape of the spinneret is rectangular, and the ratio of the hole diameter (long side length / short side length) which is the ratio of the long side length to the short side length of the rectangular shape is 3 or more and 20 or less. Dtex or more and 200 parts / dtex or less in the cross section of the fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis of the short fibers by discharging the mixed solution into the aqueous solution containing the solvent C. A method for producing an annular composite fiber. A solution in which the component B as the acrylonitrile polymer is dissolved in the solvent C and a solution in which the component A which is incompatible with the component B is dissolved in the solvent C and the solution in which the mass ratio A / B of the component A and the component B is 90/10 to 60 / 40 to prepare a mixed solution. From the discharge hole having a discharge hole shape of a spinneret having a rectangular shape and a ratio of the length of the long side to the short side length (long side length / short side length) of 3 or more and 20 or less, Wherein the mixed solution is discharged in an aqueous solution containing C, wherein the number of parts per unit area of the fibers perpendicular to the fiber axis of the single fibers is 70 / dtex to 200 / dtex or less, ≪ / RTI > 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
Wherein the solid solution concentration of the mixed solution is 15 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less, the concentration of the solvent C in the aqueous solution is 20 mass% or more and 60 mass% or less, and the temperature is 20 占 폚 or more and 60 占 폚 or less. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
Wherein the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the non-flammable component are at least one component selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl chloride.

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