CN100402714C - Microporous super fine fiber base cloth and process for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Microporous super fine fiber base cloth and process for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN100402714C CN100402714C CNB021226423A CN02122642A CN100402714C CN 100402714 C CN100402714 C CN 100402714C CN B021226423 A CNB021226423 A CN B021226423A CN 02122642 A CN02122642 A CN 02122642A CN 100402714 C CN100402714 C CN 100402714C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for producing microporous superfine fiber base cloth. After at least one fiber fabric or nonwoven fabric of fiber fabric or nonwoven fabric which takes fiber which has soluble fiber separation performance as the main body, and fiber fabric or nonwoven fabric which takes fiber which has physical fiber separation performance as the main body is compounded by machines or under the action of fluid, at least one polymer component in the fiber which has fiber separation performance is removed by solvent, or lye or water solution, so the superfine fiber after fiber separation has the mode of microporous superfine fiber. Thereby, microporous superfine fiber base cloth which has the advantages of superior water absorption, light weight, good filtering performance, good sound isolation performance, colorful luster and superior fluff touch feel can be easily and stably produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is relevant superfine fiber fabric and method for making thereof with little porous.
Background technology
In a component of polymer (sea component), make and remove the component of polymer (island component) that is slightly solubility in the solvent of this component of polymer or alkali lye or the water in solubilized to be dispersed into the islands-in-sea type fibre of island known, after formation contains the fabric of this islands-in-sea type fibre and gives complexing, the dissolving of the sea component of this islands-in-sea type fibre is removed, make the non-woven of the superfine fibre that generation forms by island component known.This non-woven is superior because of containing superfine fibre at aspects such as sense of touch or strainabilities, floods again with polyurethane resin etc., can form dermatine, and value is higher.
As Taiwan announce that No. 168750 patent " the novel method for making and the application thereof of superfine fibre " disclose with the base cloth of superfine fibre as base material, though on wiping effect, soundproof effect, be better than general fineness base cloth, but because of its superfine fibre and pore-free behind minute fibre, it is still not satisfactory on water imbibition, sound insulation value, absorption dirt.Again Taiwan announce that No. 152961 patent " the compound ultra tiny fiber Nonwovens of similar corium " disclose with the artificial leather of superfine fibre as base material, its superfine fibre is because pore-free also fails to present special fine hair sense of touch and bright-coloured gloss.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes for addressing the above problem, and water imbibition is superior to provide, light weight, strainability is good, sound insulation is good, tool gloss is gorgeous, the fine hair sense of touch is superior microporous super fine fiber base cloth and method for making thereof are purpose.
For achieving the above object, microporous super fine fiber base cloth provided by the invention and method for making thereof comprise following step:
Adding can be easily by solvent in island component (A), when alkali or water-soluble little island component (B) thermoplastic polymer that removes, its island component (A) fibre section is scattered with 3～15,000 little island component (B) that differs in size, and so that little island component (B) to be arranged in the aforementioned island component (A) is the island, also being can be easily by solvent, alkali or the water-soluble thermoplastic polymer that removes are sea component (C), aforementioned A composition (island component) and B composition (the little island component among the island component A) constitute core-sheath-type as the island configuration or be scattered in the marine of C composition or the fabric of island-in-sea type of A composition and B composition formation is scattered in the marine of C composition again as island, reel off raw silk from cocoons into fiber through giving, and through be made into weave cotton cloth or roll into non-woven after, with through solvent, alkali or water molten removes process can be with little island component (B) in the island component (A) and molten the removing of marine origin part (C), and microporous super fine fiber base cloth.
The present invention also comprises following step:
Adding in island component A can be easily by solvent, when alkali or the water-soluble island composition B thermoplastic polymer that removes, its island component A fibre section is scattered with 3～15,000 island composition B that differs in size, little island component (B) shape among A composition and B composition formation island (composition A) and the island component A disposes or is scattered in the chrysanthemum shape and also coated by sheath for the C composition with low crystallinity polymers, it is radial at interval that aforementioned composition A and the arrangement mode of composition C in the fibre section are, composition C is when forming base cloth, making fiber drive fibre or machinery by heat opens fine mode and splits into superfine fibre, and through solvent, alkali or water molten removes process can be with molten the removing of little island component (B) in the island component (A), and microporous super fine fiber base cloth.
Wherein the polymer of island component A is for being selected from by polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide such as polyamide-based copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT), polyester such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) based copolymer, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), the polyolefin of polymethylpentene etc., heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU), the polyvinyl or the polyglycolic acid of polystyrene (PS) etc., ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer etc., combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of aliphatic amides such as six methylene adipamides is a co-polymer.
Wherein island composition B be selected from by PS (polystyrene), PE (polyethylene), TPU (thermoplasticity Polyurethane) can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Contain sulfonate sodium polyethylene terephthalate can be by the molten polymer that removes of alkali; PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), contain IPA (M-phthalic acid), TPA (terephthalic acid (TPA)), AA (acrylic acid), SIP (sulfonate sodium), PEG (polyethylene glycol) etc. the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes.
Wherein sea component C be selected from by PS (polystyrene), PE (polyethylene), TPU (thermoplasticity Polyurethane) can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Contain sulfonate sodium polyethylene terephthalate can be by the molten polymer that removes of alkali; PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), contain IPA (M-phthalic acid), TPA (terephthalic acid (TPA)), AA (acrylic acid), SIP (sulfonate sodium), PEG (polyethylene glycol) etc. the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes.
Wherein the polymer of island component A is for being selected from by polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide such as polyamide-based copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT), polyester such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) based copolymer, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), the polyolefin of polymethylpentene etc., heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU), the polyvinyl or the polyglycolic acid of polystyrene (PS) etc., ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer etc., combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of aliphatic amides such as six methylene adipamides is a co-polymer.
Wherein island composition B be selected from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), contain IPA (M-phthalic acid), the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester of TPA (terephthalic acid (TPA)), AA (acrylic acid), SIP (sulfonate sodium), PEG (polyethylene glycol) etc. can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes.
Wherein composition C is for containing the polyethylene terephthalate of 1～50 mole of % IPA (M-phthalic acid).
Wherein fiber gives the short cellucotton that cuts into length 5～80mm or gives the long fiber silk that is drawn into fullly drawn yarn (FDY).
The fineness of wherein single little porous superfine fibre is 0.001den～0.8den.
The micropore quantity of wherein little porous superfine fibre is 3～15,000.
The micro-pore diameter of wherein little porous superfine fibre is 0.01～5 μ m.
Wherein island component A and marine origin part C ratio are 5～95/95～5.
Wherein to account for the percentage by weight of island component A be 1～70% to island composition B.
Wherein the manufacture of base cloth is weaved cotton cloth and non-woven two big classes, and non-woven comprises water and rolls non-woven and tailor's cushion non-woven.
Wherein divide fine mode to have molten fine or mechanical fibre or the hot water of dividing of agent branch that removes to divide fibre or hot blast to divide fibre; And machinery divides fine mode to have water to roll the fine or vibrations of branch and divides fine or grind and divide fine or rubbing divides fine or collides that to divide fibre or false twisting to divide fine.
Specifically, superfine porous fibre base cloth of the present invention is in having at least one single face with soluble type fiber separation fiber or physics fiber separation fiber that the little porous superfine fibre below the 1 μ m of average fiber footpath can take place or the complexing layer person who is mixed into main body mutually.Therefore, the component of polymer that one kind of molten soluble type fiber separation fiber that removes this base cloth or physics fiber separation fiber is above also makes little porous superfine fibre takes place, so, be the microporous super fine fiber base cloth that tool gloss is gorgeous, the fine hair sense of touch is superior more after treatment for superior, the light weight of tool water imbibition, the good superfine porous fibre base cloth of sound insulation.
The manufacture method of microporous super fine fiber base cloth of the present invention, be will be based on the fabric or the non-woven of the fiber of soluble type fiber separation, or based on the fabric of physics fiber separation fiber or at least a fabric or the non-woven of non-woven, after giving complexing by machinery or fluid effect, with solvent or alkali lye or water-soluble more than one the component of polymer that removes in the fiber of this fiber separation, make generation superfine fibre after minute fine have the mode of little porous superfine fibre of micropore, thus can be easy and stable to produce water imbibition superior, light weight, strainability is good, sound insulation is good, tool gloss is gorgeous, the microporous super fine fiber base cloth that the fine hair sense of touch is superior.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is for opening combined type fibre section, fine preceding island ideograph.
Fig. 1 (b) is for opening combined type fibre section, island, fine back ideograph.
Fig. 2 (a) is cut apart combined type fibre section ideograph before opening fibre.
Fig. 2 (b) is cut apart combined type fibre section ideograph after opening fibre.
The specific embodiment
In the present invention is by the component of polymer of removing more than one, and form through the superfine fibre behind minute fibre and have soluble type fiber separation fiber or the physics fiber separation fiber below the average superfine fibre footpath 10 μ m of micropore or be mixed into the complexing layer of main body mutually, make that water imbibition is superior, light weight, sound insulation is good, tool gloss is gorgeous, the fine hair sense of touch is superior superfine porous fibre base cloth.Tool gloss is gorgeous in order to make, the fine hair sense of touch is superior, should be below 4 μ m through the average fiber footpath of the superfine fibre that micropore is arranged behind minute fibre.The tool water imbibition is superior in order to make, light weight, sound insulation are good, should be below 2.5 μ m through the average micropore diameter of the superfine fibre that micropore is arranged behind minute fibre.And, when superfine fibre has difformity, be the fiber footpath of superfine fibre with the value that is converted into circular section shape, be the average fiber footpath with the mean value of choosing 50 superfine fibres wantonly.
As for this soluble type fiber separation fiber, for example with as shown in the ideograph of combined type fibre section, the fine preceding island of opening of Fig. 1 (a), in removing in the solvable B composition or C composition that removes of agent with molten, make the molten islands-in-sea type fibre that removes the molten A composition configuration that removes of agent or be dispersed into island shape distribution that is difficult to this B composition or C composition, be that the B composition is considered as the island in the A composition, its island component A cross section is scattered with 3～15,000 island composition B or C that differs in size, the A composition is considered as the island of C composition, by molten B composition or the C composition that removes this islands-in-sea type fibre, can generate the superfine fibre that micropore is arranged that forms by the A composition.Fig. 1 (b) is then for opening combined type fibre section, island, fine back ideograph.The microporous super fine fiber base cloth that is got by soluble type fiber separation fiber of the present invention can form micropore (referring to the molten island composition B of removing) simultaneously for making in minute process of fibre (referring to the molten sea component C of removing), and generally all taking C composition and B composition is that same polymer is advisable.Island composition B accounts for island component A by weight, is 1～70 weight %.Under this kind condition, molten remove island composition B after, can get the micropore of the superfine fibre of this soluble type fiber separation fiber, this micro-pore diameter is 0.01～5 μ m.Remove agent as for solvable more than one component of polymer molten that removes this soluble type fiber separation fiber, for example have: solvent, ferment, alkali lye, water, microorganism etc., among these also with solvent removal speed comparatively fast, more easily handle, so can be than adopting.This is molten also to remove in the agent with water system and is easier to handle and does not have misgivings in the environmental protection, should use.Indication of the present invention remove a thing, can give the molten meaning of removing more than being meant 95 weight % of component of polymer; And so-called indissoluble removes property, then refers under the condition of the molten component of polymer that removes soluble type fiber separation fiber, can give molten removing below 5 weight % of component of polymer are only arranged.
Above-mentioned soluble type fiber separation fiber is formed by two or more component of polymer.If when forming, then can generate a kind of little porous superfine fibre by two kinds of component of polymer; If when forming, then can generate the little porous superfine fibre below two kinds by three kinds of component of polymer; If when forming, then can generate the little porous superfine fibre below three kinds by four kinds of component of polymer.Among above soluble type fiber separation fiber, to contain the soluble type fiber separation fiber that the fibre section is the part of fabric of island-in-sea type, owing to be easier to take place the following superfine fibre of average fiber footpath 10 μ m, more suitable use.
As for the component of polymer A that constitutes this soluble type fiber separation fiber, if by can form fiber such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide such as polyamide-based copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester such as polyester based copolymer, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), the polyolefin of polymethylpentene etc., heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU), the polyvinyl or the polyglycolic acid of polystyrene (PS) etc., ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer etc., combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of aliphatic amides such as six methylene adipamides is among the co-polymer, to certain molten polymer that removes removable resin of agent and the indissoluble property removed, be incorporated into and contained each a kind of getting final product at least.For example contain the polymer that each a kind of solvable polymer that removes and indissoluble remove property, trichloroethanes class molten removed agent, be meant that removable polystyrene and indissoluble remove the polyamide of property; Alkaline aqueous solution class molten removed agent, be meant that solvable sulfonate sodium polyester that removes and indissoluble remove the combination of the polyolefin of property etc.; As for the component of polymer B that constitutes this soluble type fiber separation fiber, if can for example can have been enumerated polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU) by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Can be the molten polymer that removes of alkali among the component of polymer B, the polyethylene terephthalate that contains sulfonate sodium is arranged: can be the water-soluble polymer that removes among the component of polymer B, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is arranged, contain isophthalic acid (IPA), the water-soluble copolyester of terephthalic acid (TPA) (TPA), acrylic acid (AA), sulfonate sodium (SIP), polyethylene glycol compositions such as (PEG).
On the other hand, by containing the physics fiber separation fiber of cutting apart and can generate superfine fibre by physical action, reach fibrogenic fabric of physical segmentation or non-woven complexing layer thus, the superfine fibre behind minute fibre is with molten molten fabric or the non-woven that is formed with the superfine fibre of many micropores except that the solvable composition that removes of agent that remove.As for example cutting apart shown in the ideograph of combined type fibre section before the fibre with opening of Fig. 2 (a), in utilizing physical action can divide in fine the A composition and C composition, make the islands-in-sea type fibre that is the B composition configuration of immiscible property with the A composition and/or is dispersed into island, its island component A cross section is scattered with 3～15,000 island composition B that differs in size, and formed chrysanthemum shape fiber for coating by sheath with the C composition, this chrysanthemum shape fiber is divided fine by machinery or fluid treatment, can generate by the superfine fibre of B in the A composition and the superfine fibre of C composition, and understand the molten island composition B of removing molten removing thereafter when agent is flooded, can get the little porous superfine fibre of A composition and the superfine fibre of C composition.Also can in the C composition, add the B composition that forms island, can the molten island composition B of removing when thereafter molten removes the agent dipping, can get little porous superfine fibre of A composition and C composition.Fig. 2 (b) is then cut apart combined type fibre section ideograph after opening fibre.Especially for the diameter of physics fiber separation fiber, be easier to the branch fibre with the physics fiber separation fiber of the superfine fibre of the diameter that contains tool 0.05～0.8den, and easily complexing, so can suitablely use.
As for physical segmentation effect of the present invention, for example utilize the fluid of current etc. effect, acupuncture (needle punch) effect, roller mill effect, the processing of false twisting processing grinding, rubbing processing, collide the effect of the machinery of processing or dull and stereotyped pressing mold effect etc.The microporous super fine fiber base cloth that gets by physics fiber separation fiber of the present invention, can form micropore simultaneously for making in minute process of fibre, generally take island composition B to account for island component A by weight, be 1～70 weight %, and can moltenly can have micropore at the superfine fibre of this A composition except that island composition B molten removing when agent is flooded, this micro-pore diameter is 0.01～5 μ m, sometimes also can form continuous duct, obviously its soaking effect is more remarkable far beyond general superfine fibre.And the C composition adopts the low-crystallinity polyester polymer of degree of crystallinity below 25% usually, is preferably the polyethylene terephthalate that contains 1～50 mole of M-phthalic acid (IPA).As for the more suitable fluid stream of this kind, be advisable to make easy to handle water or air.As for the complexing condition of utilizing this fluid stream, be for example to use nozzle diameter 0.05～0.3mm, be suitable for 0.08～0.2mm, pitch 0.2～3mm, what be suitable for 0.4～2mm is arranged in the above nozzle plate of row, ejection pressure 0.98～290MPa, the fluid that is suitable for 4.9～250Mpa flows.And the pressure of fluid stream is changed, make nozzle plate shake or vibrate again and also can.Or make fluid stream do the time spent by the fabric side that contains physics fiber separation fiber, then be easier to the branch fibre.
As for the component of polymer A that constitutes this physics fiber separation fiber, also can be form fiber such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide such as polyamide-based copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT), polyester such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) based copolymer, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), the polyolefin of polymethylpentene etc., heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU), the polyvinyl or the polyglycolic acid of polystyrene (PS) etc., ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer etc., combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of aliphatic amides such as six methylene adipamides is a co-polymer; As for can be easily among the component of polymer A of this physics fiber separation fiber by the molten molten component of polymer B that removes of agent that removes, if can for example can have been enumerated polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), heat plasticity polyurethane (TPU) by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Can be the molten polymer that removes of alkali among the component of polymer B, the polyethylene terephthalate that contains sulfonate sodium is arranged: can be the water-soluble polymer that removes among the component of polymer B, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is arranged, contain isophthalic acid (IPA), the water-soluble copolyester of terephthalic acid (TPA) (TPA), acrylic acid (AA), sulfonate sodium (SIP), polyethylene glycol compositions such as (PEG); Component of polymer C is for containing the polyethylene terephthalate of 1～50 mole of % IPA (M-phthalic acid).。
As for the component of polymer that constitutes physics fiber separation fiber of the present invention, by having among the component of polymer of same fiber forming property power with aforesaid soluble type fiber separation fiber, if combination gets final product when containing the polymer that is mutually more than stingy dissolubility person two kinds, for example the situation that is formed by the component of polymer of two kinds has the combination of polyamide and polyester, polyamide and polyolefin, polyester and polyolefin etc.
Soluble type fiber separation fiber or physics fiber separation fiber that this kind the present invention uses are by the compound method of reeling off raw silk from cocoons of common method, mix the method for reeling off raw silk from cocoons or make up these methods, can give easily and reeling off raw silk from cocoons.In the scope that reeling off raw silk from cocoons property or fibre strength are reduced, mix flame retardant, antistatic additive, hygroscopic agent, colouring agent, coloring agent, conductive agent, hydrophilic agent etc. and also can again.
Base cloth of the present invention a kind of is to have to contain based on the complexing layer of above-mentioned soluble type fiber separation fiber or the physics fiber separation fiber complexing layer of the fibrogenic superfine fibre of physics fiber separation therewith at least one single face.As for based on the fiber beyond the soluble type fiber separation fiber of the complexing layer of soluble type fiber separation fiber, for example can use the synthetic fiber of physics fiber separation fiber, semisynthetic fibre, polyamide fiber, vinal, Dralon, polyester fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, Saran, Polyurethane fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fibre, aromatic polyamide fibre etc. by the regenerated fiber of the natural fabrics of the fibrogenic superfine fibre of physics fiber separation, silk, wool, cotton, fiber crops etc., rayon fibers etc., acetate fibers etc.As for based on the fiber beyond the physics fiber separation fiber of the complexing layer of physics fiber separation fiber, for example can use with soluble type fiber separation fiber, by the fibrogenic superfine fibre of soluble type fiber separation, or based on the identical fiber of fiber beyond the soluble type fiber separation fiber of the complexing layer of soluble type fiber separation fiber.The manufacture of base cloth is weaved cotton cloth and non-woven two big classes, and non-woven comprises water and rolls non-woven and tailor's cushion non-woven.Wherein divide fine mode to have molten fine or mechanical fibre or the hot water of dividing of agent branch that removes to divide fibre or hot blast to divide fibre; And machinery divides fine mode to have water to roll the fine or vibrations of branch and divides fine or grind and divide fine or or rubbing processing or collide the processing false twisting and divide fine.
The manufacture method of next simple declaration microporous super fine fiber base cloth of the present invention.At first form fiber base cloth based on above-mentioned soluble type fiber separation fiber, or based on the fiber base cloth of physics fiber separation fiber.Will be based on the fiber base cloth of the soluble type fiber separation fiber of formation like this, and contain at least two kinds of fiber base cloths of the fiber base cloth of physics fiber separation fiber, after being laminated to the fabric that contains the physics fiber separation and can forming at least single side surface, or to separately fiber, make with fluid stream or tailor's cushion effect or weave cotton cloth, form the complexing fiber base cloth.Among these, if in the time of will or containing the fiber of physics fiber separation fiber based on the fiber of soluble type fiber separation fiber and give complexing after laminated, then because of can eliminate with based on soluble type fiber separation fiber the layer and contain physics fiber separation fiber the layer give incorporate step, so more suitable.And if when flowing according to fluid, complexing that can be even and fine and close is so more suitable.To and contain fabric beyond the fiber base cloth of physics fiber separation fiber based on the fiber base cloth of soluble type fiber separation fiber again gives laminatedly also can.
Soluble type fiber separation fiber system gives the short cellucotton that cuts into length 5～80mm or gives the long fiber silk that is drawn into fullly drawn yarn (FDY) and make base cloth.This base cloth makes the generation superfine fibre by the molten component of polymer that removes more than the kind of soluble type fiber separation fiber, can form the superior base cloth of sense of touch or luster performance.The molten above component of polymer of a kind that removes soluble type fiber separation fiber makes when generating superfine fibre, for example base cloth can be impregnated in molten removing in the bath that agent is full of to be carried out.The then molten above component of polymer of a kind that removes soluble type fiber separation fiber makes the border of generation superfine fibre of micropore on the superfine fibre behind minute fibre, can make easy to be molten molten the removing of component of polymer while of removing in the superfine fibre, treated procedure of processing can get that water imbibition is superior, light weight, sound insulation is good, tool gloss is gorgeous, the fine hair sense of touch is superior microporous super fine fiber base cloth.
The superfine fibre that can be generated by physics fiber separation fiber is to be formed by the component of polymer more than two kinds again, physics fiber separation fiber system gives the short cellucotton that cuts into length 5～80mm or gives the long fiber silk that is drawn into fullly drawn yarn (FDY), and wherein dividing the fineness of the single superfine fibre in fine back is 0.01den～0.8den.With above-mentioned and the superfine fibre cotton carry out step process such as opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton after, impacting web with the water column of hydraulic pressure 10～600bar makes and entangles network mutually, superfine fibre is subjected to the hydraulic pressure impact to make composition C peel off and give the branch fibre fully from the periphery of fiber simultaneously, and the fineness behind the score fibre is 0.01～0.8dpf and the cross section superfine fibre cotton shown in Fig. 2 (b), is woven into water and mangles and to make this water roll the non-woven area through 60～98 ℃ of hot water or 100～200 ℃ of shrink process of hot blast to shrink 5～30% and reach the superfine fiber fabric of surface densification through giving.This superfine fiber fabric soft and have elasticity.Through the non-woven of shrink process can use Polyurethane (PU) resin liquid, water-and acrylate is the resin liquid dipping, back procedure of processings such as drying, grinding, dyeing or applying musculus cutaneus, get final product the superfine fibre artificial leather.Again this through the non-woven of shrink process can use Polyurethane (PU) resin liquid, water-and acrylate is the resin liquid dipping, back procedure of processing such as drying, grinding can get that water imbibition is superior, light weight, sound insulation is good, tool gloss is gorgeous, the fine hair sense of touch is superior microporous super fine fiber base cloth.
Below describe technical characterictic of the present invention in detail with embodiment, but the present invention is limited by these embodiment.
Embodiment 1 (soluble type fiber separation fiber)
Adopt polyamide to carry out composite spinning as the C composition with 60/40 ratio as A composition and polystyrene, wherein be added with 10% B composition polystyrene in the A composition polyamide, the melt temperature of a spinneret of reeling off raw silk from cocoons is 280 ℃, coiling speed is 900m/min, and fiber number 10dpf, intensity 1.35g/den, the undrawn yarn of percentage elongation 450%, utilize the cross section of observation by light microscope silk, discovery partly has 1 at A composition polyamide, 000～1,500 islands that differ in size (B composition polystyrene).With 80 ℃ of draft temperatures, the condition of stretching ratio 250% stretches with this undrawn yarn, after the stretching again drying, cut steps such as cotton, can get the superfine porous fibre cotton of fiber number 4.0dpf, intensity 3.7g/den, percentage elongation 70%, length 51mm.
After this superfine porous fibre cotton being carried out step process such as opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion, can get weight per unit area 300g/m
2, thickness 1.2mm non-woven.After this non-woven dipping Polyurethane (PU) resin liquid, the stripping that utilizes solvent to carry out non-woven is handled, utilize this dermatine cross section of electron microscope observation to find fiber miniaturization (fiber number 0.01den) and have the micropore of diameter 0.01～0.5 μ m, drying, grind and to get superfine porous fibre artificial leather thereafter.
Embodiment 2 (physics fiber separation fiber)
Adopt polyamide to carry out composite spinning as the C composition with 80/20 ratio as A composition and the polyethylene terephthalate that contains 10 moles of % IPA (M-phthalic acid), wherein be added with 30% B composition thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer in the A composition polyamide, the melt temperature of a spinneret of reeling off raw silk from cocoons is 275 ℃, coiling speed is 700m/min, and fiber number 10dpf, intensity 1.3g/den, percentage elongation 380% undrawn yarn, utilize the cross section of observation by light microscope silk, finding partly has 200～300 islands that differ in size (B composition polyvinyl alcohol) at A composition polyamide.With 90 ℃ of draft temperatures, the condition of stretching ratio 230% stretches with this undrawn yarn, after the stretching again drying, cut steps such as cotton, can get the superfine porous fibre cotton of fiber number 4.5dpf, intensity 3.0g/den, percentage elongation 50%, length 51mm.
After this superfine porous fibre cotton being carried out step process such as opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion, prewet cotton layer earlier with the water column of hydraulic pressure 15bar, again with hydraulic pressure 150bar, 200bar, 250bar, 300bar 4 road water columns impact webs make mutually and tangle, and give the branch fibre simultaneously, again the surface is formed sinuous flow and refacing with the thin water column of 150bar, can obtain weight per unit area 200g/m this moment
2, thickness 0.7mm non-woven, water imbibition is shown in table 1B hurdle.This non-woven is carried out the PVA stripping and the contraction process of 90 ℃ of hot water, drying again, processing such as pressing can get superfine porous fibre cleaning wiping cloth, and water imbibition is shown in table 1C hurdle.Utilize electron microscope observation cleaning wiping cloth section, find fiber miniaturization (fiber number: 0.05～0.2den) and have the micropore of diameter 1～3 μ m.
Embodiment 3 (soluble type fiber separation fiber)
Adopt polyethylene terephthalate to carry out composite spinning as the C composition with 65/35 ratio as A composition and the polyethylene terephthalate that contains sulfonate sodium, wherein in polyethylene terephthalate, add 30% B composition thermoplasticity polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, the melt temperature of a spinneret of reeling off raw silk from cocoons is 285 ℃, coiling speed is 3,000m/min, and fiber number 150den/32 root, intensity 3.0g/dpf, the part of percentage elongation 80% is extended silk (POY), utilize the cross section of observation by light microscope silk, discovery partly has 500～1,000 island that differs in size (B composition polyvinyl alcohol) in A composition polyethylene terephthalate.This is partly extended silk (POY) with 150 ℃ of draft temperatures, stretching ratio 120%, speed 50m/min, the condition of twist 25t/m is carried out false twisting processing, can get the superfine porous processing silk (DTY) of fiber number 120den/32 root, intensity 3.5g/dpf, percentage elongation 30%.
With this little porous superfine fibre with through close 100/time, 70 of filling densities/time be made into plain cloth, remove marine origin part so that 5% sodium hydroxide solution is molten, 90 ℃ of molten polyvinyl alcohol that remove of hot water can get single fiber 0.05den, the ultra-fine cleaning wiping cloth of little porous of micropore 0.1～1 μ m.
Table 1 little porous superfine fibre non-woven of the present invention compares with the water imbibition of general superfine fibre non-woven
| Test event | The general superfine fibre of A | B ultrasonic fine fibre (pore-free) | C little porous superfine fibre of the present invention |
| Fiber number (judging) by the SEM photo | 0.1den | 0.05～0.2den | 0.05～0.2den |
| Weight per unit area (ASTM D-3776) | 200g/m 2 | 200g/m 2 | 200g/m 2 |
| Thickness (ASTMD-1777) | 0.7mm | 0.7mm | 0.7mm |
| Absorption of water height (JIS L 1096-B) | 10cm | 12.5cm | 16cm |
Claims (11)
1. the method for making of a microporous super fine fiber base cloth comprises following step:
Adding among the island component A can be easily by solvent, when alkali or the water-soluble island composition B thermoplastic polymer that removes, its island component A fibre section is scattered with 3-15,000 island composition B that differs in size, and so that the sea component C of island composition B to be arranged among the aforementioned island component A, aforementioned island component A and island composition B constitute core-sheath-type as the island configuration or be scattered in the marine of sea component C or the fabric of island-in-sea type of island component A and island composition B formation is scattered in the marine of sea component C again as island, reel off raw silk from cocoons into fiber through giving, and through be made into weave cotton cloth or roll into non-woven after, with through solvent, alkali or water molten removes process and can with the island composition B among the island component A and sea component C is molten removes, and microporous super fine fiber base cloth; Described island component A is selected from polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide-based copolymer polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate based copolymer polyester, polyglycolic acid, ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer, combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of six methylene adipamide aliphatic amides is a co-polymer, and described island composition B is selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; The molten polymer that removes of broken alkali that contains the polyethylene terephthalate of sulfonate sodium; Polyvinyl alcohol, contain M-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), acrylic acid, sulfonate sodium, polyethylene glycol the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes; What described sea component C was selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Contain sulfonate sodium polyethylene terephthalate can be by the molten polymer that removes of alkali; Polyvinyl alcohol, contain M-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), acrylic acid, sulfonate sodium, polyethylene glycol the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes.
2. the method for making of a microporous super fine fiber base cloth comprises following step:
Adding among the island component A can be easily by solvent, when alkali or the water-soluble island composition B thermoplastic polymer that removes, its island component A fibre section is scattered with 3-15,000 island composition B that differs in size, and so that island composition B to be arranged among the aforementioned island component A is the island, island component A and island composition B dispose or are dispersed into the chrysanthemum shape and also coated by sheath for the sea component C with low crystallinity polymers, it is radial at interval that aforementioned island component A and the arrangement mode of sea component C in the fibre section are, sea component C is when forming base cloth, making fiber drive fibre or machinery by heat opens fine mode and splits into superfine fibre, and through solvent, alkali or water molten removes process can be with molten the removing of island composition B among the island component A, and microporous super fine fiber base cloth; Described island component A is selected from polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide-based copolymer polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate based copolymer polyester, polyglycolic acid, ethanol copolymer, PLA, the aliphatic polyester based polymer of lactic acid copolymer, combined polymerization is with caprylamide in this aliphatic polyester based polymer, four methylene adipamides, undecanoic amide, the dodecyl lactamide, the aliphatic poly esteramides of six methylene adipamide aliphatic amides is a co-polymer; What described island composition B was selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Contain sulfonate sodium polyethylene terephthalate can be by the molten polymer that removes of alkali; Polyvinyl alcohol, contain M-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), acrylic acid, sulfonate sodium, polyethylene glycol the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes; What described sea component C was selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane can be by the molten polymer that removes of solvent; Contain sulfonate sodium polyethylene terephthalate can be by the molten polymer that removes of alkali; Polyvinyl alcohol, contain M-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), acrylic acid, sulfonate sodium, polyethylene glycol the co-polymer water-soluble copolyester can be by the water-soluble thermoplasticity polymer that removes.
3. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, wherein island component A is selected from polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide-based copolymer polyamide; Island component B is be selected from polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol a kind of; Sea component C is polyethylene terephthalate a kind of who is selected from polystyrene and contains the M-phthalic acid of 1-50 mole %.
4. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, wherein fiber gives the square cellucotton that cuts into length 5-80mm or gives the long fiber silk that is drawn into fullly drawn yarn (FDY).
5. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the fineness of wherein single little porous superfine fibre is the red Buddhist nun of 0.001 Dan Ni-0.8.
6. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the micropore quantity of wherein little porous superfine fibre is 3-15,000.
7. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the micro-pore diameter of wherein little porous superfine fibre is 0.01-5 μ m.
8. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein island component A and sea component C ratio are 5-95/95-5.
9. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, wherein to account for the percentage by weight of island component A be 1-70% to island composition B.
10. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, wherein the manufacture of base cloth is weaved cotton cloth and non-woven two big classes, and non-woven comprises water and rolls non-woven and tailor's cushion non-woven.
11. the method for making of microporous super fine fiber base cloth as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, it is fine wherein to divide fine mode to have machinery to divide fibre or hot water to divide fibre or hot blast to divide; And machinery divides fine mode to have water to roll the fine or vibrations of branch and divides fine or grind and divide fine or rubbing divides fine or collides that to divide fibre or false twisting to divide fine.
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