KR101544145B1 - Improvement method of soil erosion resistance using biopolymer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an eco-friendly treatment method for enhancing soil erosion resistance, and a biopolymer produced from an organism.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a method for improving soil erosion resistance using a biopolymer,

The present invention relates to a soil erosion resistance promoting method, a soil erosion preventing composition, and an earth building material or member, and more particularly, to an environmentally friendly soil erosion control technique using a biopolymer that is a polysaccharide produced from an organism.

The soil composition, soil composition, soil moisture content, soil moisture content, organic matter content, and so on have a direct impact on soil erosion [Bissonnais, 1996, "Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility" Soil Science, Vol. 47, pp. 425-437]. Land Degradation & Development, Land Degradation & Development, Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits, Land degradation & development, Land degradation & development, 16, pp. 99-112]. Currently, desertification with soil erosion is ongoing at one-third of the world's land area and is expanding to 12 million hectares of new deserts each year [UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), 2006, "Deserts & Drylands ", TUNZA the UNEP Magazine for Youth, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1-24]. Soil erosion causes degradation of ecosystem disturbances as well as degradation of agricultural land [Gisladottir and Stocking, 2005, Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits, Land Degradation & Development, Vol. 16, pp. 99-112] It is urgent to develop a technology capable of suppressing or suppressing the above-mentioned problems.

Conventional soil erosion control methods have been proposed mainly by providing a mesh or net on the soil surface to block external factors (water or wind) that cause erosion (U.S. Patent No. 3867250; U.S. Patent No. 4071400; U.S. Patent No. 4486120]. However, this external installation structure is not only limited in performance but also has a limit in cost. In recent years, techniques have been proposed for improving the soil resistance and resistance to erosion (U.S. Patent No. 4663067; U.S. Patent No. 5860770; U.S. Patent No. 7,407,993]. However, the above technologies are different from the environmentally friendly viewpoint because they depend on a method of injecting or distributing chemical products. The soil erosion is primarily a side effect due to the destruction of the ecosystem of the surface layer and the unfolding (hunting or grazing). Therefore, the ecological environment of the soil should be restored in order to effectively suppress soil erosion.

Biopolymers are a variety of polymeric materials that are synthesized in organisms and secreted into the body, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes, "Production of gums using microorganisms", Microbiology and Industry, Vol. 27, pp. 23-32]. In particular, water-soluble or insoluble polysaccharides are polymers produced by glycosidic bonds of at least ten monosaccharides or derived monosaccharides, and are the most abundant biomolecules in the human body and being useful to humans. Unlike chemical synthetic polymers, they are eco-friendly, and due to their functional properties such as gel formation, emulsion stability, surface tension control, water absorption, adhesion, lubrication and biofilm formation, [Bio-Polymer Development Trends from Marine Microorganisms], BioWave, Vol. 3, No. 4, Sub. 7].

Unlike petroleum-based synthetic polymers, these biopolymers are eco-friendly materials, free from environmental and social problems, and have potential to be used as important material in the future.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a soil erosion resistance enhancement method and a soil erosion prevention composition produced by the method, which can improve soil structure and function conditions through the interaction of soil and biopolymer by treating soil with biopolymers .

However, the problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not described can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

A first aspect of the invention provides a soil erosion resistance enhancement method comprising adding a polymeric, viscous biopolymer to the soil.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a soil erosion preventing composition, which is produced by the soil erosion resistance promoting method of the first aspect of the present invention and comprises a polymeric mucilage biopolymer.

A third aspect of the present invention provides soil building materials or members made by the soil erosion resistance enhancement method of the first aspect of the present application and comprising a polymeric mucilage biopolymer.

According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a composition for preventing environment-friendly soil erosion that does not depend on the erosion factor blocking method using a conventional mesh (mesh or net) or chemical-based chemical solution injecting method. The soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the biopolymer according to the present invention has an excellent effect not only for the initial stabilization of the soil but also for the suppression of the middle and long term erosion. In particular, the biopolymer, which is the main material used herein, is a hydrocarbon-based polymer material that is environmentally friendly since it can minimize the impact on groundwater or soil ecosystems.

Therefore, the soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the biopolymer according to the present invention can be applied not only to a variety of soil preservation fields but also to the stabilization of the surface in a large construction site, the formation of a river bed and a river bed, Large-scale farmland formation, and desertification prevention. Further, the soil erosion resistance enhancing method and composition for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention can expect further inventive effects in accordance with the trend of commercialization of biopolymers in earnest.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for partitioning a compartment for forming an environmentally friendly waterfront space using a biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a soil sample after one-time rainfall simulation according to one embodiment of the present invention. Left untreated loess, xanthan gum treated loess, and beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan treated loess.
FIG. 3 shows an indoor experimental setup for rainfall erosion simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a biopolymer processing process through heat treatment according to one embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a graph showing the results of measuring the strength of the biopolymer treated soil (loess) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the strength of soil (sand) treated with biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates a rapid cooling and underwater curing condition treatment method of the biopolymer treated soil according to one embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a graph showing the behavior of bio-polymer treated soil according to one embodiment of the present invention under rapid cooling and underwater curing conditions.
9 is a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing an eco-friendly soil building material using the thermal gelling biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a conceptual diagram of a method for processing a ground using a thermal gelling biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a graph showing the bending strength of a building material using a biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention.

It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used throughout the specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it is not limited to a case where it is "directly connected" but also includes the case where it is "electrically connected" do.

Throughout this specification, when a member is "on " another member, it includes not only when the member is in contact with the other member, but also when there is another member between the two members.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "including " an element, it is understood that the element may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

As used herein, the terms "about," " substantially, "and the like are used herein to refer to or approximate the numerical value of manufacturing and material tolerances inherent in the stated sense, Accurate or absolute numbers are used to prevent unauthorized exploitation by unauthorized intruders of the mentioned disclosure. Also, throughout the present specification, the phrase " step "or" step "does not mean" step for.

Throughout this specification, the term "combination (s) thereof " included in the expression of the machine form means a mixture or combination of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of the constituents described in the expression of the form of a marker, Quot; means at least one selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned elements.

Throughout this specification, the description of "A and / or B" means "A or B, or A and B".

Throughout the specification, the term "cationic aqueous solution " refers to an aqueous solution containing a cation, for example, it may include, but is not limited to, an aqueous solution containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions. Wherein said alkali metal comprises a Group 1 metal consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs capable of providing monovalent cations, said alkaline earth metal being selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.

Throughout this specification, the term "Hwang-to" refers to a granite residuum which is formed by the weathering of fine grains of weathered rocks in the interior of the continent.

Throughout this specification, the term "soil" is used interchangeably with soil.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

A first aspect of the invention provides a soil erosion resistance enhancement method comprising adding a polymeric, viscous biopolymer to the soil.

Soil erosion is affected by soil moisture, particle size distribution, organic matter content and surface vegetation. In the case of a desert with severe soil loss, all of these conditions are poor. In order to increase the resistance to soil erosion, it is necessary to improve the properties of the soil itself rather than to block external factors. To this end, it is required to maintain the soil moisture for a long period of time, to increase the cohesion between soil particles (cohesive force), and at the same time, an environmentally friendly method in which vegetation can grow smoothly in the future. Existing chemical treatment methods focus on primary soil strength enhancement, so there is insufficient consideration for the establishment of vegetation environment to suppress permanent erosion.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be, but not limited to, any polymeric material produced from an organism. The polymeric viscous biopolymer may include a substance having glucose as a monomer, and may be classified into a polysaccharide and an amino-acid, and the polysaccharide-based biopolymer may be classified into a polysaccharide- Biopolymers can be classified into high-molecular chains and gelation biopolymers according to their shape. For example, the polymer chain biopolymer may include beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan (Polycan ^™ ), alpha-glucan, Curdlan, etc., and the gelling biopolymer may include Welllan But are not limited to, Wellan gum, Gellan gum, Xanthan gum, Agar gum, Succinoglycan gum, and the like. The amino acid-based biopolymer may include, but is not limited to, chitosan and gamma phage-a (PGA).

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer is present in an amount of up to about 20 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.00001 part to about 15 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 part by weight to about 10 parts by weight, About 0.00001 part by weight to about 0.1 part by weight, about 0.0001 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, and about 0.00001 part by weight to about 5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 1 part by weight, About 0.01 to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.05 to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight, about 1 to about 20 parts by weight , From about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, or from about 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric, viscous biopolymer can be, but is not limited to, expanding the pores in the soil and increasing the binding force between the soil particles.

In one embodiment of the invention, the addition of the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil may be accomplished by mixing the polymeric viscous biopolymer with the soil, spraying it onto the surface of the soil, or injecting the soil into the soil But may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil in powder form, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The polymeric viscous biopolymer may be used directly in admixture with the soil, or may be applied to the surface of the soil by application of a polymeric viscous biopolymer powder, suspension or aqueous solution, or may be injected into the soil, . Further, the polymeric mucilage biopolymer may be directly mixed with the soil and then placed on the surface of the target area, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may include, but is not limited to, adding the polymeric, viscous biopolymer to the soil in the form of an aqueous solution or a basic aqueous solution. For example, a suspension or an aqueous solution of a polymeric, viscous, gelled polysaccharide biopolymer may be directly added, or a salt or a salt may be added to the suspension or aqueous solution of the biopolymer to prepare a basic aqueous solution, for example, The viscosity can be lowered and added to the soil, but it may not be limited thereto. After the basic aqueous solution of the biopolymer is added to the soil, the acidic aqueous solution may be sprayed to accelerate agglomeration of the impregnated polymeric tough gelling polysaccharide biopolymer. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil, followed by the addition of a cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal. For example, a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , or an alkaline earth metal cation such as Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^{2 +,} or the like may be added to induce gelation of the biopolymer to form a solid biopolymer-soil mixture , But may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises adding the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil followed by the addition of an acidic aqueous solution or a cationic aqueous solution having a pH of about 5 or less, . The cationic aqueous solution may include, for example, an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal ion.

Since the surface of the biopolymer used in the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer according to the present invention has a negatively charged surface, the addition of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal ion after being added to the soil improves the bonding property with soil .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil, followed by heating and cooling the soil, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, after the polymeric viscous biopolymer is added to the soil, it is sufficiently heated at about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C and cooled to about 40 ° C to about 60 ° C to induce gelation of the biopolymer, But may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, after cooling, a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, such as a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , or a cation of an alkaline earth metal such as Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^{2 +} But the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be applied to the surface of the soil, followed by spraying with water, an aqueous acidic solution, and / or a cationic aqueous solution. have. For example, the acidic aqueous solution having a pH of about 5 or less can be sprayed to enhance the gel structure of the biopolymer in the soil, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil in various ways, but not limited thereto, depending on the type of polymeric viscous biopolymer used and the purpose of use.

1. Improvement of soil erosion resistance using polymeric mucopolysaccharide

Polymer-Mucopolysaccharide Polysaccharides Biopolymers generally have a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da or higher. The fibers tend to become tangled with each other in the suspension or aqueous solution state, and show high viscosity. These polymeric mucopolysaccharides have a property of binding to soil particles, especially clay soil particles, due to their electrical properties on the surface. By using these mutual behaviors, it is possible to improve the stiffness and resistance to erosion of soil by using polymeric mucopolysaccharide. The soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the polymeric mucopolysaccharide according to the present invention is as follows.

1) Surface treatment by spraying

After spraying the polymeric mucopolysaccharide chain polysaccharide in the powder state, the water is sprayed to induce penetration into the soil, and at the same time, the polymeric mucopolysaccharide having high hydrophilicity is expanded and mutual tangling is induced, Thereby forming a biopolymer film.

The polymeric viscous chain polysaccharide is dissolved in water and sprinkled on the surface of the soil in the form of a suspension or an aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10%. The concentration of the suspension or aqueous solution varies depending on the kind of soil, Facilitates penetration and combines with the soil immediately upon penetration to form a biopolymer-earth matrix, and the moisture can dry to increase the stiffness of the soil.

2) Surface layer mixing treatment

Soil and polymeric mucopolysaccharide polysaccharides are premixed and then poured onto the surface to form a pavement or a cloth. The soil or transported soil is mixed with a biopolymer and water to form a soil mixture Specifically, the biopolymer is added at a ratio of about 0.0001% to about 5%, relative to the dry weight of the soil, and the water is added to the soil at a rate of from about 10% to about 200%, based on the soil type (sand or clay) %, And then poured in the field for the desired thickness. In some cases, the step of dewatering the applied coating can be further carried out.

Mixing the biomolecule with the biomolecule at the same time while stirring the surface of the soil and agitating the soil with the equipment such as a plow or auger while spraying or injecting the biomolymer in the powdery or liquid state, .

3) Pressure method

The polymeric viscous polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sprayed at a high pressure on a slope (surface or the like) which is difficult to be surface-treated by spraying or premixing to disturb the inclined soil At the same time, it is a method of promoting the penetration of the biopolymer to form a biopolymer-soil mixed soil coating on the sloped ground.

A method for grouting a suspension or an aqueous solution of a polymeric mucopolysaccharide polysaccharide having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% at a high pressure by using a pressure to penetrate and diffuse a biopolymer suspension or an aqueous solution deep into the soil to form a biopolymer- Soil treatment ground is formed.

In all of the above cases, the biopolymer-soil mixed layer composition is improved to enhance the adhesion with the original layer of the biopolymer-soil mixture by compaction, and the durability of the biopolymer-soil mixture is improved by simultaneously improving the stiffness and durability .

2. Strengthening method of soil using polymeric mucilage gelation polysaccharide

The polymeric mucilaginous gelling polysaccharides are collectively referred to as substances which form a gel having a low viscosity in the suspension or aqueous solution state but a high stiffness through chemical or thermal treatment. The polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide biopolymer The following methods are specifically suggested.

1) Enhancement of strength of soil-polymer mucilage gelled polysaccharide mixed soil by chemical treatment

After mixing the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil with the soil, a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) ^Biopolymer mixture is formed by inducing gelation of a biopolymer by adding alkali metal (Na ⁺ , K ⁺ ) or alkaline earth metal (Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^2+, etc.) cations.

2) Improvement of Strength of Soil-Polymer Masticated Gelled Polysaccharide Mixed Soil by Heat Treatment

After mixing the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil with the soil, a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) Which is sufficiently heated to a temperature of about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C and then cooled to about 40 ° C to about 60 ° C to form a gel to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixture soil.

Alternatively, the suspension or aqueous solution of the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sufficiently heated to a temperature of about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, and then the soil and water content is about 10% (sand) to about 200% Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 40 C < / RTI > to about 60 C to form a solid soil-biopolymer blend.

In both cases, the stronger soil-biopolymer mixture soil can be formed by adding the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal material shown in 2-1 when mixing.

3. Improvement of soil durability using polymeric mucilage gelation polysaccharide

Polymer-Mucilage Gelling Polysaccharide Biopolymers generally exhibit low viscosity in the neutral (pH ~ 7) suspension or aqueous solution without any treatment, but form a gel with high stiffness through chemical or thermal treatment. These polymeric mucopolysaccharide polysaccharides combine well with soil particles, especially clay soil particles, due to their electrical properties on the surface, forming a firm soil-biopolymer matrix. By using these mutual behaviors, it is possible to improve the stiffness of the soil and resistance to erosion by using the polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide. The concrete form is as follows.

1) Surface treatment by spraying

The polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide in powder state is sprayed on the surface of the soil and then water is sprinkled to induce penetration into the soil. At the same time, the polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide having high hydrophilicity expands and causes mutual coagulation, A film can be formed.

In this case, there are three ways to survive. First, there is a method of using pure (neutral or weakly alkaline) water. Second, pure water is used for primary watering, and an acidic aqueous solution or a cationic aqueous solution having low pH (about pH 5 or less) There is a method of promoting aggregation of penetrated polymeric mucilaginous gelling polysaccharides. Finally, it is a method of immediately watering an acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution.

The polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide is dissolved in water and sprinkled on the surface of the soil in the form of a suspension or an aqueous solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10%. By adjusting the viscosity or viscosity of the suspension or aqueous solution depending on the kind of soil, Facilitate penetration, and combine with the soil immediately upon penetration to form a soil-biopolymer matrix and increase the stiffness of the soil as the moisture dries.

In this case, there are three methods of suspension or aqueous solution spraying. (2) a method of raising the pH of a suspension or aqueous solution of a biopolymer (pH of about 9 or more) to lower the viscosity of the suspension or aqueous solution and then spraying the suspension to increase the permeability of the ground Third, a biopolymer suspension or an aqueous solution having a pH of about 9 or higher by adding a salt is firstly sprayed on the soil, and then an acidic aqueous solution having a low pH (about pH 5 or less) is sprayed by secondary spraying, There is a method of promoting aggregation of the gelling polysaccharide.

2) Surface layer mixing treatment

Soil or polymeric mucopolysaccharide gelling polysaccharide is pre-mixed and then poured onto the surface to form a pavement or a covering. The soil or the soil that has been transported is mixed with a mucopolysaccharide gelatinized biopolymer, a neutral or alkaline water 13) to prepare a soil mixture and then pouring it into the field. Specifically, the biopolymer is added at a ratio of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil, and water is added to the soil Clay) in an amount of about 10% to about 200% based on the weight of the soil. After the pouring, the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil can be strengthened by allowing the acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or the cationic aqueous solution to sprinkle on the surface to induce permeation.

Mixing the bio-polymer in a powdery or liquid state (pH of about 7 to about 13) while stirring the soil with equipment such as a plow or auger by mixing the surface of the soil with the bio-polymer at the same time Or by injecting soil-biopolymer mixture soil. After mixing and stirring, the gel structure of the mucilage gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil can be strengthened by allowing the acidic aqueous solution having a low pH (pH of about 5 or less) or the cationic aqueous solution to sprinkle on the surface to induce permeation.

3) Pressure method

(About 6 to about 13) of a polymeric viscous gelled polysaccharide suspension or solution having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sprayed at a high pressure to a slope (such as a flat surface) difficult to be surface-treated by spraying or premixing, Biopolymer mixed soil coating to the slope by promoting the disturbance of the sloping soil due to the slurry and the penetration of the biopolymer at the same time. After spraying, the gel structure of the mucilage gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil coating can be strengthened by spraying an acidic aqueous solution having a low pH (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution on the surface.

A method for grouting a polymeric mucilage gelatinized polysaccharide suspension or an aqueous solution (pH of about 6 to about 13) at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% at a high pressure by using pressure to push the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution deep into the soil Permeate and diffuse into soil-biopolymer treated soil. After the injection, the gel structure of the viscous gelling biopolymer of the soil-biopolymer mixture soil in the ground can be strengthened by additionally injecting a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution.

In all of the above cases, the soil-biopolymer mixed soil layer composition is improved to enhance the adhesion of the soil-biopolymer mixed soil to the original layer through compaction, and the durability of the soil-biopolymer mixture soil is enhanced to improve both rigidity and durability .

4. A method for enhancing the penetration of polymeric viscous biopolymer into the soil

Polymer-Mucopolysaccharide Polysaccharides Biopolymers generally have a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da or higher, and the fibers tend to become tangled with each other in a neutral or acidic (pH below about 7) suspension or aqueous solution state. Especially, viscous chain polysaccharides with negatively charged surface are characterized by higher viscosity as the pH is lowered. On the other hand, the polymeric viscous polysaccharide biopolymer expands due to its high hydrophilicity and becomes a highly viscous suspension or aqueous solution.

In order to increase the permeability of the polymeric viscous biopolymer, the viscosity should be lowered. To do this, we propose the following methods.

1) Method using chemical treatment

Increasing the pH of the polymeric, viscous, chained or gelled polysaccharide suspension or solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% to about 9 or more will reduce the viscosity. Infiltration or diffusion of bio-polymer suspensions or aqueous solutions with reduced viscosity can be improved by spraying or pressurizing them with the ground.

After the suspension or the aqueous solution of the basic polymeric mucopolysaccharide polysaccharide is sprinkled or injected into the soil, an acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) at a low pH is additionally sprinkled or injected to form a viscous chain biopolymer in the soil- Agglomeration and mucilage Gelation Biopolymer gelation can be promoted.

2) How to use physical processing

The method of lowering the viscosity of the polymeric viscous polysaccharide biopolymer solution by using Beadmill or the like can solve the entangled polysaccharide chains by stirring the solution using beads at a rate of about 10,000 ppm or more.

Also, the polymeric viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymer solution can be collided at high pressure (greater than about 150 bar) to release physically entangled polysaccharide chains. Chain polysaccharide biopolymer solution, Polycan ^TM , has a viscosity of about 1,000 cps. When it is collided with a homogenizer at about 200 bar, the viscosity decreases to about 30 cps and a liquid of about 30 cps When hit again, the viscosity decreases at about 16 cps.

Polymeric viscous polyhedral polysaccharide that has physically reduced viscosity is mixed or injected with soil, and then an aqueous acid solution (pH of about 5 or less) of a low pH or a cationic aqueous solution is additionally sprinkled or injected into the soil-biopolymer mixture soil, The aggregation between the chain biopolymers can be promoted.

3) How to use heat treatment

When the polymeric viscous gelled polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sufficiently heated to a temperature of about 80 캜 to about 120 캜, the viscosity of the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution becomes low. When it is mixed or injected into the soil at high temperature, the gel is naturally cooled and formed at a temperature of about 40 ° C to about 60 ° C to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixture soil.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biopolymer may be added to the soil in a variety of ways for various purposes, but not limited to, in various target areas as follows:

1. Surface coating method using polymeric viscous polysaccharide biopolymer

1-1. Spraying or spraying methods

The biopolymer suspension is directly sprayed on the surface of the ground. This method can be applied not only to flat but also sloping slopes or slopes, by diluting a solid or liquid biopolymer to a certain ratio, And the biopolymer suspension is grafted to the ground by gravity and is bound to soil particles to form a coating.

1-2. Wet mixing · Method using installation method

It is a method to form a biopolymer mixture soil by pre-mixing and to form a coating of a certain thickness through compaction after placement in a target area. This method has the advantage of forming a homogeneous quality coating on the site and enhancing the adhesion with the paper by compaction.

This method consists of a device capable of diluting a biopolymer in a solid or liquid state at a certain rate and simultaneously laying it, and a compaction device capable of spreading the laid soil. The compaction apparatus can be either roller type or oscillatory type.

This method can improve the coating power of the coated surface in parallel with 1-1. This method is useful when a large number of field sites are available in the field.

1-3. Dry mixing / spraying method

This method is applicable to the case where the soil of the ground surface is dry like the dry area. It is a method of dry mixing the dry soil and the biomolymer in powder form directly on site and spraying water to form the coating.

2. Protection of agricultural or pasture land with biodegradable polymeric polysaccharide biopolymer

Changes in land use due to agriculture and grazing have been pointed out as the biggest causes of soil loss. Therefore, the biopolymer processing technology can be used effectively to suppress the soil loss of agricultural land and pastureland.

2-1. Polymer Adhesion Polysaccharide Manure plowing using biopolymer

It is a method of plowing together with a biopolymer powder or suspension when going to pre-sowing farmland. Since the surface of agricultural land before sowing is usually hard, spraying of the biopolymer suspension in advance can increase the working efficiency of the plowing, and it can increase the resistance to erosion of whole agricultural land by mixing the soil and biopolymer uniformly .

Or by pouring the spray nozzles directly onto the head of the plow, while at the same time feeding the biopolymer suspension at the tip, thereby enhancing the local efficiency.

2-2. Using aircraft to protect agricultural or pasture land

Recently, modern agriculture has been increasing in number of cases of spraying insecticides and herbicides using airplanes in vast agricultural or pasture lands. Therefore, in order to improve soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer proposed in the present invention, it is possible to propose a technique of spraying a biopolymer suspension using an aircraft in agriculture and pasture as needed.

3. Creation of eco-friendly waterside space using polymeric viscous polysaccharide biopolymer

In the case of waterside space, it is adjacent to water and there is always possibility of erosion by water. Therefore, it is expected that the improvement of the ground using the biopolymer will reduce the overall soil loss when constructing the waterside space.

4. Protection of coastal soil using polymeric viscous polysaccharide biopolymer

Biopolymer treatment can be used to protect coastal areas such as coastal white sand and coastal sand dunes.

5. Creation of eco-friendly waterside space using biodegradable polymeric polysaccharide biopolymer

Because biopolymers are environmentally friendly and biodegradable over time, water quality and water ecosystem disturbance effects are minimal when applied to waterfront spaces as compared to existing cement or chemistry materials, It is anticipated that aggressive use in composition. The general shape of the river and waterside space is shown in Fig. It is usually divided into an embankment (B) to prevent flooding of rivers and streams, a high ground site (C) inside the embankment, and a peripheral space (A) outside the embankment. As a method for creating an environmentally friendly waterside space, the following method is performed for each space in the present invention.

A (Peripheral space): All methods of method 1 can be applied according to site conditions

In order to suppress the retrograde erosion due to river dredging and change, the method of improving the soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer according to the present invention can be applied as an eco - friendly ground reinforcement method using biopolymer in the surrounding ground.

B (embankment): Method 1-1 or 1-3 is applicable

As an alternative to the concrete block or stonecle used for forming the bank and the barrier wall, the soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the biopolymer according to the present invention can be applied as a method of forming a bank and a barrier wall using a biopolymer mixture soil.

In addition, the soil erosion resistance enhancement method according to the present invention can be applied as a bamboo surface coating method using a biopolymer in order to suppress water infiltration into a bank at a high water level or a flood level.

C (habitat site): All methods of method 1 can be applied according to site conditions

The soil erosion resistance enhancement method according to the present invention can be applied as a method for improving soil erosion resistance using a biopolymer in order to partially erode an inflow portion due to influx of an influx of the river or to suppress irregular soil erosion such as a gully in a flat land have.

According to the soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the biopolymer of the present invention, it is possible to produce an environmentally friendly soil erosion preventing composition that does not depend on the erosion factor blocking or chemical-chemical liquid injection method using the existing net (mesh or net). In addition, the soil erosion resistance enhancing method according to the present invention is a method for improving the resistance to erosion by improving the soil structure and water condition through the interaction of the soil and the biopolymer by treating the soil using representative eco-friendly and biocompatible biopolymers. Can be improved.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a soil erosion preventing composition, which is produced by the soil erosion resistance promoting method of the first aspect of the present invention and comprises a polymeric mucilage biopolymer.

In one embodiment herein, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may include, but is not limited to, about 20 parts by weight or less of the polymeric viscous biopolymer relative to about 100 parts by weight of soil. For example, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may comprise from about 0.00001 to about 15 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 10 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 5 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 1 part by weight From about 0.00001 to about 0.5, from about 0.00001 to about 0.1, from about 0.0001 to about 20, from about 0.01 to about 20, and from about 0.05 to about 20, parts by weight, From about 0.1 part to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, from about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, from about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, or from about 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight But may not be limited thereto.

A third aspect of the present invention provides soil building materials or members made by the soil erosion resistance enhancement method of the first aspect of the present application and comprising a polymeric mucilage biopolymer.

The strength and durability enhancement effect of the soil using the biopolymer according to the present invention can be utilized in the field of construction and building materials using soil. In particular, bio-polymer mixing can ensure higher strength and durability than soil construction (wall or column) using only soil. Compared with traditional methods such as straw, biodegradation of organic materials ), And it is advantageous in that the construction can be carried out with high environmental friendliness as compared with the method using chemical additives (gypsum, cement, etc.). The soil building material and member may be, for example, but not limited to, a wall, a flooring, a brick, a block, a board, a panel, and the like. The member means a subsidiary material for construction.

Typically, soil construction mixes natural soil with water to ensure workability, and then to form it into brick or block form, or to apply it directly to a wall or floor. In this case, in order to improve the strength and durability of the wall or flooring, fibers such as straw are added, or a chemical additive is mixed. The method of constructing the clay wall using the biopolymer according to the present invention is different from the existing method.

In one embodiment of the invention, the soil may include, but is not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of fine clay (clay), granular (sand), and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may include, but is not limited to, about 20 parts by weight or less, relative to about 100 parts by weight of soil. For example, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be present in an amount of from about 0.00001 to about 15 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 10 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 5 parts by weight, and from about 0.00001 to about 5 parts by weight, About 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.0001 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, From about 0.5 parts to about 20 parts by weight, from about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, from about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, or from about 0.05 part to about 20 parts by weight, About 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, but may not be limited thereto.

The soil erosion preventing composition according to the second aspect of the present invention and the soil building material or member according to the third aspect of the present invention are not described in detail for the parts overlapping with the first aspect of the present invention, The description of the aspects may be applied equally to the second and third aspects of the present application even though the description thereof is omitted.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the following Examples are given for the purpose of helping understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

[Example]

Example 1 Measurement of soil erosion resistance using biopolymer

Various laboratory experiments were carried out to verify the soil erosion inhibition effect of biopolymer. In this embodiment, a beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan-based liquid product (8.9 g / L beta-glucan content; glucan) was used as a polymer chain biopolymer substance, and as the gelation polymer A pure powdered xanthan gum (Sigma-Aldrich; CAS 1138-66-2), widely used as a food hardener, was used. At this time, the most important feature of xanthan gum is stability under various temperature and pH conditions.

The basic method for carrying out the invention was to evaluate the resistance to the overall soil erosion by mixing the soil with the biopolymer and measuring the amount of soil emulsion in each case by simulating the precipitation conditions. Specific details are as follows:

1. Erosion resistance to repeated rainfall of biopolymer treated soil

In this embodiment, the representative soil (yellow soil), which is the main component of the halloysite [Halloysite: Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ (OH) ₄ ] in Korea, is used as the representative soil sample. After the natural loess of the loess, the particles were pulverized to a size of 0.07 mm to 0.15 mm and then dried at 110 ° C to remove residual organic matter.

In this connection, FIG. 2 shows a view of the soil sample after one-time rainfall simulation according to the present embodiment. Left untreated loess, xanthan gum treated loess, and beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan treated loess. As shown in Fig. 2, three sample plates (A, B and C) were prepared and each was filled with 2,000 g of soil. A was 1,200 g of distilled water (60% of soil weight), B was 1,200 g of liquid Beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan (0.5% beta glucan: soil weight ratio), 10 g of powder xanax and 1,200 g of distilled water were uniformly mixed with soil.

In order to simulate the rainfall, a sprayer as shown in FIG. 3 was used, and the angle of the sample plate was set at 20 ° C. FIG. 3 shows an indoor experimental setup for rainfall erosion simulation according to the present embodiment. The total weight of the sample plate was measured before the rainfall simulation, and 500 mL of rainfall simulation was performed to collect the effluent slurry and measure its volume and mass. After the rainfall simulation, the total weight of the sample plate was measured and the amount of absorption of the ground was calculated. The effluent slurry was dried immediately and the soil erosion amount was derived based on the mass difference before and after drying. The rainfall simulation was performed in a period of two days and performed 10 times in total.

Table 1 shows the amount of soil loss according to each rainfall simulation.

Table 2 shows the cumulative loss rates (%) of the initial total soil weight (2,000 g) for each rainfall frequency in Table 1.

Experimental results show that the cumulative loss rate of bio - polymer treated soil is less than 1.5% for 10 rainfall simulations, while 21% of soil is lost in the untreated soil. In particular, beta-1, 3 / 1,6-glucan among the biopolymers has a cumulative loss rate of only 0.1%, indicating that the resistance to erosion is much higher.

2. Resistance to erosion against intensive rainfall of biopolymer treated soil

In order to verify the erosion resistance against intensive rainfall other than periodic rainfall, samples A, B and C were prepared under the same conditions as the experiment for evaluating erosion resistance against repeated rainfall of the biopolymer treated soil, . For intensive rainfall, 500 mL of rainfall was sprayed 15 times at intervals of 10 minutes, and the total sample weight and soil loss before and after rainfall were measured as described above.

Cumulative loss rate (%) of soil due to intensive rainfall simulation is shown in Table 3.

Comparing the results of Table 2 and Table 3, it can be seen that cumulative loss rate of soil without any treatment in intensive rainfall condition increases significantly (21.2 → 31.8; 10 cumulative rainfall). Unusual was the fact that resistance to intensive rainfall in biopolymer treated soil was still high (less than 1%).

It was confirmed that the biopolymer treatment dramatically increased the resistance to soil sedimentation in both repeated and intensive rainfall conditions.

Example 2: Polymer tough gelatinized polysaccharide using heat treatment Biopolymer-soil mixture

In order to mix the soil with the polymeric mucilage gelling biopolymer using the thermal gelation irrespective of the type of soil, a high molecular weight mucopolysaccharide gelatinized polysaccharide biopolymer aqueous solution and soil were once prepared. After dissolving powdery biopolymer in a high temperature (80 ℃) solvent (water) and mixing it with heated soil, premature gelation due to abrupt temperature drop was prevented. The important point in forming a high-temperature biopolymer aqueous solution is that the concentration of the biopolymer (the solubility of the solvent) should be appropriately controlled. Generally, agar absorbs water corresponding to 20 times its own mass due to its hydrophilic property at room temperature, and its solubility increases with increasing temperature. It is preferred to prepare a hot solution at 10% (10 g / 100 mL) or less for agar and 3% (3 g / 100 mL) for gellan gum because more powders are not completely dissolved in water It is not.

The high temperature gelling biopolymer solution was mixed uniformly with high temperature soil and mixed less than 60% (solution weight with respect to the soil weight) and less than 30% with the sand soil with the clay soil (clay soil type). After mixing, it can be molded in air or water by cooling after molding to fit the desired purpose. A summary of this process is shown in FIG.

Example 3: Cooling and curing method of thermal gelling biopolymer-soil composition

A variety of high molecular weight, viscous, gelling polysaccharide biopolymer - earth specimens were prepared and their strengths were measured by using loess and sand in indoor conditions. Agar and gellan gum contents were adjusted to 1% and 3%, respectively, for each soil. The initial water / soil composition ratio was 60% for loess and 30% for water / soil mixture. The strength of the specimen subjected to natural cooling and air curing in air after compounding is as shown in Fig. 5 (loess) and Fig. 6 (sand). 5 and FIG. 6 show that the compressive strength of the soil is greatly increased by the thermal gelling biopolymer mixture. Especially, it was confirmed that the maximum strength of the loess soil reached 12 MPa, forming a very hard soil composition. This shows that both agar and gellan gum are negatively charged, forming a firmer bond with the loess particles bearing surface charge.

However, volumetric strain behaviors of up to 20% in the case of air cooled and air - cured Hwangto specimens have been investigated. As shown in Fig. 4, the specimens were cooled in cold water immediately after mixing and immediately after molding (3% of agar and 3% of gellan gum). As a result of air curing of the specimen after sufficient cooling, it was confirmed that the final drying shrinkage decreased to less than 10%. Therefore, it was confirmed that the initial gelation of the biopolymer-soil composition is very important to prevent drying shrinkage. For this, various methods such as cold water, refrigerant, cold air and refrigeration can be applied.

Finally, to confirm the behavior of rapid cooling and underwater curing conditions, specimens were prepared, immersed in water, and cured for a long period of time. In the case of long-term flooded and saturated soil, the compressive strength is almost zero. On the other hand, in case of soil treated with thermal gelling biopolymer, the compressive strength is 50 kPa to 200 kPa even under flooding condition for 28 days. It can be confirmed that the composition is effective (Fig. 8). The specificity is that the volume change is close to 0% for rapid cooling and underwater curing. As a result, it was confirmed that the thermal gelling biopolymer can be used as a highly stable ground injection and treatment agent because there is no change in volume when applied in water or submerged state.

Example 4: Examination of durability against water

In order to examine the durability of the thermal gelation biopolymer treated soil, the most sensitive condition, the natural cooling and the air curing specimens, were carried out. Two months after curing, the specimens were immersed in water for one week. On the 7th day after immersion, the compressive strength and the volume expansion rate were evaluated.

In case of 3% treated agar soil, the final strength of dry state was 12 MPa, which decreased to 600 kPa after immersion. In the case of 3% treated soil of gellan gum, the dry state strength decreased from 10 MPa to 500 kPa after immersion Respectively. The important point is that in all cases the specimens retained their original shape, with some volume expansion due to moisture absorption (see Table 4).

In this regard, FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing an eco-friendly soil building material using the thermal gelling biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention. When the soil gluing material (wall, panel, brick, or the like) is manufactured using the thermal gelation biopolymer by the method shown in Fig. 9, a high strength and high durability building material can be realized. In the case of thermal gelation, it has a low viscosity at a temperature of 80 ° C or higher and forms gel (gel) -matrices of high viscosity when it is cooled to 40 ° C or lower. Therefore, It is important not to lose the high temperature until. Therefore, when the soil and the aqueous biopolymer solution are heated and mixed at a predetermined temperature (for example, 80 DEG C) or more, and the thus formed biopolymer-soil mixture is poured into a mold and cooled, Various shapes can be realized according to the mold. After the mold is cooled to 40 ° C or lower, the mold is hardened. In this case, the mold can be cooled naturally by air, or by metal cooling with water or other refrigerant. Since the thermal gelation biopolymer according to the present embodiment is very low in permeability, it has been confirmed that the structure of the soil is not disturbed even if it is initially immersed in water. Therefore, by utilizing these advantages, Can be made.

Overall, the bio-polymer-soil composition according to the present example shows excellent durability against water. Therefore, this technology can be applied in the form of injecting or agitating a high temperature biopolymer solution directly on the ground, for reasons of in-ground watering, shielding purpose or other reinforcement. A concrete implementation method thereof is shown in Fig.

Example 5: Examination of strength for biopolymer mixed soil building material (panel)

In order to examine the feasibility of biopolymer treated soil as a building material, panel specimens with a thickness of 15 mm were prepared using loess which is the most widely used in soil construction, and flexural strength of each panel was measured by standard test method (KS F 3504) strength was measured.

For comparison, the bending strengths were compared for the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% of beta - glucan and xanthan gum, respectively, in the absence of any additives, 10% of gypsum mixed soil, and polymeric viscous biopolymer. The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in FIG. 11, the flexural strength was less than 100 kPa in the dry state of the soil without any treatment, and the polymeric mucilage biopolymer according to this example did not show a large increase even under the condition of mixing 10% of gypsum. It was found that the bending strength of the mixed specimens increased remarkably. Generally, it was confirmed that when the polymer was contained at a weight ratio of 0.5%, the polymer had a flexural strength of about 200 kPa, and when it was contained at a weight ratio of 1%, the polymer had a flexural strength close to 400 kPa. The use of materials is considered to be a good alternative to overcome the low strength and low durability problems of the existing soil construction.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing description of the embodiments is for illustrative purposes and that those skilled in the art can easily modify the invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention .

Claims (19)

A soil erosion resistance enhancing method comprising adding a polymeric, viscous biopolymer to soil,
The method comprises spraying the polymeric mucilage biopolymer in a solid or liquid state on the surface of the soil, pre-mixing the polymeric mucilage biopolymer in a solid or liquid state with the soil and then placing it on the surface of the soil, ≪ / RTI >
The polymeric viscous biopolymer and the soil are each mixed or blended before being compounded and then heated to 80 to 120 DEG C and then cooled,
The cooling includes natural cooling or rapid cooling,
Wherein the polymeric viscous biopolymer expands the pores in the soil and increases the bonding force between the soil particles.
Improving soil erosion resistance.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the polymeric viscous biopolymer comprises a polysaccharide or amino acid biopolymer.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the polysaccharide-based polymer-grafted biopolymer comprises a polymer-chain biopolymer or a gelling biopolymer.
The method according to claim 1,
The polymeric viscous biopolymer includes a substance having glucose as a basic unit, and includes at least one selected from the group consisting of beta-glucan, alpha-glucan, xanthan gum, gellan gum, welllan, agar, succinoglycan, And combinations thereof. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 18 >
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the polymeric viscous biopolymer comprises chitosan, gamma phagay (? PGA), and combinations thereof.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the polymeric viscous biopolymer is added in an amount of 0.00001 part by weight to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the soil.
delete The method according to claim 1,
The premixing of the polymeric viscous biopolymer with the soil may be performed by spraying the polymeric viscous biopolymer in a solid or liquid state on the surface of the soil, The polymeric viscous biopolymer in a solid or liquid state is injected into the soil Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
delete The method according to claim 1,
And adding the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil in powder form.
The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising adding the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil, and then adding a cation of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising adding the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil followed by the addition of an acidic aqueous solution or cationic aqueous solution.
delete The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising adding a cation of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal after the cooling.
9. The method of claim 8,
Further comprising spraying the polymeric viscous biopolymer onto the surface of the soil followed by spraying with water, an acidic aqueous solution, and / or a cationic aqueous solution.
A soil erosion resistance enhancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 8, 10 to 12, 14 and 15, which comprises a polymeric viscous biopolymer, A composition for preventing soil erosion.
17. The method of claim 16,
Wherein the composition comprises 0.00001 to 20 parts by weight of the polymeric viscous biopolymer based on 100 parts by weight of the soil.
A soil erosion resistance enhancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 8, 10 to 12, 14 and 15, which comprises a polymeric viscous biopolymer, Soil building material or member.
19. The method of claim 18,
And 0.00001 to 20 parts by weight of the polymeric viscous biopolymer relative to 100 parts by weight of the soil.

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