KR101688834B1

KR101688834B1 - Soil building material using biopolymer

Info

Publication number: KR101688834B1
Application number: KR1020150056859A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 조계춘; 장일한
Original assignee: 한국과학기술원
Priority date: 2014-04-22
Filing date: 2015-04-22
Publication date: 2016-12-22
Also published as: KR20150122092A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a soil composition for use as a building material, and more particularly, to a soil building material using a polysaccharide or a protein-based biopolymer produced from an organism and a method for producing the soil construction material.

Description

{SOIL BUILDING MATERIAL USING BIOPOLYMER}

The present invention relates to a soil composition for use as a building material, and more particularly, to a soil building material using a polysaccharide or a protein-based biopolymer produced from an organism and a method for producing the soil building material.

In general, building materials for interior and exterior materials are provided using loess and cement. Conventional tiles are generally made of ceramic tiles which are fired based on the earth as a finishing material for construction. In addition, stone tiles, porcelain tiles, stone tile tiles, and mosaic tiles are provided functionally and various colors are added , And a glaze for beauty and durability and water resistance.

Bricks used as building materials are cemented bricks made of cement and sand, and cemented bricks fired with soil. The relatively cheap cement bricks are used mainly for building walls and the like. Plastic bricks with strong, durable and beautiful colors are used as interior and exterior materials for buildings.

Particularly, a yellow clay panel which is widely used as a building material useful for the human body and being environmentally friendly is provided as a panel of a certain thickness and size. However, due to the characteristics of the loess soil which produces a thin plate- It is difficult to produce a standard product because of creaking and shrinkage in the product. In order to reinforce the strength of the clay panel, most of the means for reinforcing the clay is to produce the clay loam alone or raw material minerals such as charcoal, lavas, jade, ceramics, stones and tourmaline in the loess, It is possible to mix and blend water-based adhesives, gypsum, lime, and other small amounts of cement in the same Hwangto compound material, or to mix and match the lattice core, wire mesh, mesh, woven fabric, Is a commonly known technique.

In this connection, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1167581 discloses a method for producing a yellow clay panel comprising a plate-shaped base, a yellow clay panel adhesively bonded to an upper face portion of the base and including a yellow clay soil mixed with yellow clay, rice hull or crushed straw, adhesive, And a manufacturing method thereof.

However, building materials using loess as a raw material have a weak strength and deteriorate heat insulation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the strength (compression, bending, etc.), waterproofing, durability and the like in order to produce effective interior and exterior building materials.

Biopolymers are a variety of polymeric materials that are synthesized in organisms and secreted into the body, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes, "Production of gums using microorganisms", Microbiology and Industry, Vol. 27, pp. 23-32]. Particularly, water-soluble or insoluble polysaccharides are polymers produced by glycoside bonds of at least 10 monosaccharides or derived monosaccharides, and are the most abundant biomolecules in the human body. Unlike chemical synthetic polymers, they are eco-friendly, and due to their functional properties such as gel formation, emulsion stability, surface tension control, water absorption, adhesion, lubrication and biofilm formation, [Bio-Polymer Development Trends from Marine Microorganisms], BioWave, Vol. 3, No. 4, Sub. 7].

Unlike petroleum-based synthetic polymers, these biopolymers are eco-friendly materials, free from environmental and social problems, and have potential to be used as important material in the future.

However, the problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned problems, and other problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

A first aspect of the invention provides a method of making soil building materials, comprising adding casein, or a casein and a polymeric, viscous biopolymer to the soil.

The soil building material according to one embodiment of the present invention is a soil construction material which is obtained by adding a polysaccharide or a protein-based biopolymer produced from an organism to soil, thereby improving the strength (compression, Bending, etc.), waterproofing, durability and the like can be a good alternative to overcome. In addition, since the soil building material according to one embodiment of the present invention is eco-friendly, it is possible to provide a technique for coping with the use of existing chemical remediation materials.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the soil construction material mixed with casein sufficiently exhibits the compressive strength expected from the conventional cement mix, and the compressive strength increases as the casein content increases, It is possible to provide a soil construction material which can replace not only solidified materials but also exhibits better performance. In addition, the soil construction material obtained by mixing casein and polymeric viscous biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention has an effect of preventing abrupt destruction by accumulating more elastic energy as an increase of ductility.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing flexural flexural strength of soil using a biopolymer in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
2 is a graph showing flexural flexural strength of soil using two or more biopolymers in one embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a graph showing flexural flexural strength of soil containing xanthan gum in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the result of measuring the strength of soil containing casein, in one embodiment of the present invention. Fig.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the result of strength measurement in a high defensive state of soil containing casein in one embodiment of the present invention. Fig.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a result of strength measurement according to soil composition of a biopolymer-earth building material in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
7 is a graph showing the results of measuring the strength of soil in which various concentrations of calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) ₂ ] are added to a yellow soil sample to which 3% casein is added, in the embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing stress-strain measurement results of soil according to the type of biopolymer added in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing stress-strain measurement results of a soil coated with a biopolymer in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
10 (a) and 10 (b) are graphs showing the result of pressure injection of a biopolymer aqueous solution onto a sandy soil in one embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used throughout the specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it is not limited to a case where it is "directly connected" but also includes the case where it is "electrically connected" do.

Throughout this specification, when a member is " on " another member, it includes not only when the member is in contact with the other member, but also when there is another member between the two members.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as " including " an element, it is understood that the element may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms " about ", " substantially ", etc. used to the extent that they are used throughout the specification are intended to be taken to mean the approximation of the manufacturing and material tolerances inherent in the stated sense, Accurate or absolute numbers are used to help prevent unauthorized exploitation by unauthorized intruders of the referenced disclosure. The word " step (or step) " or " step " used to the extent that it is used throughout the specification does not mean " step for.

Throughout this specification, the term " combination (s) thereof " included in the expression of the machine form means a mixture or combination of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of the constituents described in the expression of the form of a marker, Quot; means at least one selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned elements.

Throughout this specification, the description of "A and / or B" means "A or B, or A and B".

Throughout this specification, the term "Hwang-to" refers to a granite residuum which is formed by the weathering of fine grains of weathered rocks in the interior of the continent.

Throughout this specification, the term "soil" is used interchangeably with soil.

Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and examples and drawings.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be, but not limited to, any polymeric material produced from an organism. The polymeric viscous biopolymer may include a substance having glucose as a basic unit.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may include, but is not limited to, a polysaccharide-based or protein-based biopolymer.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharide-based polymer-grafted biopolymer may include a high-molecular chains biopolymer or a gelation biopolymer depending on its shape, but is not limited thereto .

In one embodiment of the invention, the polymer chain biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan, alpha-glucan, a linear polysaccharide family selected from the group consisting of curdlan, chitosan, and combinations thereof, wherein the gel-type biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of wellan gum, gellan gum, Wherein the aqueous solution is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, agar gum, succinoglycan gum, curdlan, and combinations thereof, But may be, but not limited to, a group of biopolymers forming a three-dimensional bonding structure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the protein-based polymeric-grafted biopolymer may include, but is not limited to, a phosphoprotein-based or an amino-acid-based. For example, the biopolymer of the protein family may include casein, and the amino acid family biopolymer may include but is not limited to polylysine.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biopolymer material may include all of the material processing, mixing, and curing methods to achieve performance for mixing one or more of the biopolymer materials with soil to utilize them as construction / building materials However, the present invention is not limited thereto. When the two or more biopolymers are mixed, they may be mixed with homopolymer or different types of biopolymers or may be coated with a layer of each biopolymer, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, adding the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil comprises mixing the casein with the polymeric viscous biopolymer and / or mixing the casein with the polymeric viscous biopolymer But the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment herein, the casein or the high molecular weight, viscous biopolymer is present in an amount of up to about 20 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.0001 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, About 0.00001 part by weight to about 5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 1 part by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 0.5 part by weight, about 0.00001 by weight From about 0.00001 part to about 0.05 part, from about 0.00001 part to about 0.01 part, from about 0.01 part to about 20 parts, from about 0.05 part to about 20 parts, from about 0.1 part to about 0.1 parts, From about 1 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight, from about 1 part by weight to about 10 parts by weight, or from about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, from about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, By weight to about 5 parts by weight It is, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the casein and / or the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be one that expands the pores in the soil, maintains the soil's water-solubility characteristics, and increases the binding force between the soil particles, .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the addition of the casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil may be accomplished by mixing the casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer with the soil, Or may be carried out by injection into the soil, but it is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may include, but is not limited to, adding the casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil in powder form. The casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer may be used directly in admixture with the soil, or may be applied to the surface of the soil by a powder, suspension, or aqueous solution of the casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer to form a coating, or And may be injected into the soil, but it may not be limited thereto. In addition, the casein and / or the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be directly mixed with the soil and then placed on the ground surface of the target area, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil in the form of an aqueous solution or a basic aqueous solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a suspension or an aqueous solution of a polymeric, viscous, gelled polysaccharide biopolymer may be directly added, or a salt or a salt may be added to a suspension or an aqueous solution of the biopolymer to prepare a basic aqueous solution, for example, The viscosity may be lowered and added to the soil, but may not be limited thereto. After the basic aqueous solution of the biopolymer is added to the soil, the acidic aqueous solution may be sprayed to accelerate agglomeration of the impregnated polymeric tough gelatinized polysaccharide biopolymer. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of making the soil building material may further include adding cations of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, but may not be limited thereto. For example, after the casein or the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer are added to the soil, a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , or a cation of an alkaline earth metal such as Ca ² ⁺ , Mg ² ⁺ or the like is added The gelation of the macromolecular viscous biopolymer can be induced to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixture, but this is not limitative.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method of making the soil building material may further include adding water, an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of about 5 or less, and / or an aqueous cationic solution, . The cationic aqueous solution may include, for example, an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal ion.

The polymeric viscous biopolymer used in the soil stabilization and remediation method using casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer according to the present invention has a negative charge on the surface, and therefore, it is added to the soil and then alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion is added The binding characteristics with the soil can be further improved.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method of making the soil building material may further include, but is not limited to, heating and cooling the soil. For example, the polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil, heated to about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, and then cooled to about 40 ° C to about 60 ° C to induce gelation of the polymeric viscous biopolymer But may not be limited thereto. Further, after the cooling, addition of a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example, a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , or a cation of an alkaline earth metal such as Ca ² ⁺ , Mg ² ⁺ But may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing the soil building material comprises the steps of adding the casein and / or the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil, adding water, an acidic aqueous solution, and / or a cationic aqueous solution But the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of about 5 or less may be sprayed to enhance the gel structure of the biopolymer in the soil, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the casein and / or polymeric viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil in various ways to enhance soil strength and durability for application as soil building materials, It may not be:

1. Strength improvement method of soil using polymeric mucilage gelation polysaccharide

Polymeric mucilaginous gelatinized polysaccharides are substances that form a gel having a low viscosity in the suspension or aqueous solution state but high rigidity through chemical or thermal treatment. The polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide biopolymer The following methods are specifically suggested.

1) Enhancement of strength of soil-polymer mucilage gelled polysaccharide mixed soil by chemical treatment

After mixing the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil with the soil, a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) Biopolymer mixture is formed by inducing gelation of a biopolymer by adding alkali metal (Na ⁺ , K ⁺ ) or alkaline earth metal (Ca ² ⁺ , Mg ² ^+, etc.) cations.

2) Improvement of Strength of Soil-Polymer Masticated Gelled Polysaccharide Mixed Soil by Heat Treatment

After mixing the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil with the soil, a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) Which is sufficiently heated to a temperature of about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C and then cooled to about 40 ° C to about 60 ° C to form a gel to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixture soil.

Alternatively, the suspension or aqueous solution of the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sufficiently heated to a temperature of about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, and then the soil and water content is about 10% (sand) to about 200% Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 40 C < / RTI > to about 60 C to form a solid soil-biopolymer blend.

In both cases, a stronger soil-biopolymer mixture soil can be formed by adding the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal material as shown in 1-1).

2. Method for improving soil durability using polymeric mucilage gelation polysaccharide

Polymer-Mucilage Gelated Polysaccharide Biopolymers generally exhibit low viscosities in neutral (about pH 7) suspensions or aqueous solutions without any treatment, but form gels with high stiffness through chemical or thermal treatment. These polymeric mucopolysaccharide polysaccharides combine well with soil particles, especially clay soil particles, due to their electrical properties on the surface, forming a firm soil-biopolymer matrix. By using these mutual behaviors, it is possible to improve the stiffness of the soil and resistance to erosion by using the polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide. Its concrete form is as follows:

1) Surface treatment by spraying

After spraying the polymeric mucilaginous polysaccharide powder in powder state, water is sprayed to induce infiltration into the soil, and at the same time, expansion of polymeric mucilage gelatinized polysaccharide with high hydrophilic property causes mutual cohesion, and as a whole, a biopolymer membrane .

In this case, there are three ways to survive. First, there is a method of using pure (neutral or weakly alkaline) water. Second, primary water is used for pure water and secondary water is used for watering an acidic aqueous solution or a cationic aqueous solution of low pH There is a method of promoting aggregation of penetrated polymeric mucilaginous gelling polysaccharides. Finally, it is a method of directly spraying an aqueous acidic solution (about pH 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution.

Also, there is a method of dissolving the polymeric viscous gelling polysaccharide in water and sprinkling it on the surface of the soil in the form of a suspension or an aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10%. This is because, depending on the kind of the soil, the concentration of the suspension or the aqueous solution is varied to adjust the viscosity to facilitate the penetration into the ground, and the soil-biopolymer matrix is formed by bonding with the soil immediately after the penetration, Can be increased.

In this case, there are three methods of suspension or aqueous solution spraying. (2) a method of raising the pH of a suspension or solution of a biopolymer (about pH 9 or higher) by adding a salt to a biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution, and then raising the viscosity of the suspension or aqueous solution and then raising the permeability Third, a biopolymer suspension or an aqueous solution having a pH higher than about 9 by adding a salt is firstly sprayed on the soil, and then an acidic aqueous solution having a low pH (about pH 5 or less) is sprayed by secondary spraying to form an impregnated polymer There is a method of promoting aggregation of the gelling polysaccharide.

2) Surface layer mixing treatment

Soil or polymeric mucopolysaccharide gelling polysaccharide is pre-mixed and then placed on the surface to form a pavement or a covering. The soil or the soil which has been transported is mixed with a mucilaginous polysaccharide biopolymer, neutral or alkaline water (PH about 13) to prepare a soil mixture, and then pouring the mixture on site. Specifically, the biopolymer is added at a ratio of about 0.0001% to 5% of the dry weight of the soil, and water is added to the soil (Clayey) to about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clayey) based on the weight of the soil, and then pouring the soil dough to a desired thickness on the site. After the pouring, the gel structure of the mucilage gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil can be strengthened by spraying an acidic aqueous solution of low pH (about pH 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution on the surface to induce permeation.

A method of mixing the soil with the biopolymer at the same time as the soil of the field is stirred and the soil is stirred with equipment such as a plow or auger while spraying a biopolymer in a powdery or liquid state (about pH 7 to about pH 13) Or by injecting soil-biopolymer mixture soil. After the mixing and stirring, the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil can be strengthened by spraying an acidic aqueous solution of low pH (about pH 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution on the surface.

3) Pressure method

(About pH 6 to about pH 13) of about 0.00001% to about 10% of a polymeric tough gelling polysaccharide suspension is sprayed at a high pressure on a slope (such as a surface) difficult to be surface-treated by spraying or premixing Biopolymer mixed soil coating to the slope by accelerating penetration of the biopolymer at the same time as disturbance of sloping soil due to pressure. After spraying, the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil coating can be strengthened by spraying an acidic aqueous solution of low pH (about pH 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution on the surface.

A method for grouting a polymeric mucilage gelled polysaccharide suspension or an aqueous solution (from about pH 6 to about pH 13) at a high concentration in a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% by pressurizing the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution with soil And penetrates deeply and diffuses it to form soil-biopolymer treated ground. After the injection, the gel structure of the viscous gelling biopolymer in the soil-biopolymer mixture soil in the soil can be strengthened by additionally injecting a low pH acidic aqueous solution (about pH 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution.

In this case, both the soil-biopolymer mixed surface layer composition and the soil-biopolymer mixed soil layer can be improved by increasing the adhesion of the soil-biopolymer mixed soil to the original layer, as well as increasing the density of the soil- .

The strength and durability enhancement effect of the soil using the biopolymer according to the present invention can be utilized in the field of construction and building materials using soil. In particular, bio-polymer mixing can ensure higher strength and durability than soil construction (wall or column) using only soil. Compared with traditional methods such as straw, biodegradation of organic materials biodegradation), and it is advantageous in that it can be constructed in a more environmentally friendly manner than a method using a chemical additive (gypsum, cement, etc.). The soil building material and member may be, for example, but not limited to, a wall, a flooring, a brick, a block, a board, a panel, and the like. The member means a subsidiary material for construction.

Typically, soil construction mixes natural soil with water to ensure workability, and then to form it into brick or block form, or to apply it directly to a wall or floor. In this case, in order to improve the strength and durability of the wall or flooring, fibers such as straw are added, or a chemical additive is mixed. The method of constructing the clay wall using the biopolymer according to the present invention is different from the existing method.

In one embodiment of the invention, the soil may include but is not limited to those selected from the group consisting of fine clay (clay), granular (sand), and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the biopolymer may be included in an amount of about 20 parts by weight or less, but is not limited thereto, about 100 parts by weight of the soil. For example, the polymeric, viscous biopolymer may be present in an amount of from about 0.00001 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 15 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 10 parts by weight, from about 0.00001 to about 10 parts by weight, About 0.00001 part by weight to about 0.5 part by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 0.1 part by weight, about 0.0001 part by weight to about 0.05 part by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 part by weight to about 1 part by weight, From about 0.01 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.05 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.01 part by weight, from about 0.01 to about 20 parts by weight, 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 1 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight, about 1 to about 10 parts by weight, or about 1 to about 5 parts by weight.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[ Example ]

Example One: Biopolymer Of used yellow earth boards Flexural bending strength ( flexural strength ) Measure

In this embodiment, a beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan-based liquid product (8.9 g / L beta-glucan content; Glucan Co., Ltd.) was used as a polymer chain biopolymer material.

As the gelation polymer, xanthan gum in pure powder state (Sigma-Aldrich; CAS 1138-66-2) widely used as a food hardener was applied to this example. The greatest feature of xanthan gum is its stability under various temperature and pH conditions.

In order to verify the feasibility of soil construction materials using biopolymer, board specimens with a thickness of 15 mm were made using loess which is the most widely used in soil construction, and the flexural bending strength of each panel was measured by the standard test method (KSF 3504) And the flexural bending strength was measured by a 3-point bending test using a UTM (Universal Testing Machine; INSTRON 5583).

For comparison, loess without any additives, soil mixed with 10% gypsum, one of the prior art methods, and beta-glucan and xanthan gum, a type of polymeric viscous biopolymer, The flexural flexural strengths were compared with the addition of 1% of the soil weight. The results are shown in Fig.

1, the bending the bending strength in dry state free from any additive soil was less than 0.6 N / mm ^2, gypsum, beta-glucan, and xanthan specimen was added gum were a bending flexural strength of 1.0 N / mm ² or more Which is significantly higher than that of the control group.

Example 2: Beta-glucan and Baby( agar The flexural bending strength of the loess board mixed with flexural strength ) Measure

In this Example, the same beta-glucan as in Example 1 was used and the flexural bending strength was measured by the same test method.

In order to enhance the mixing performance of the polymer-grafted biopolymer, beta-glucan of Example 1 was added in an amount of 1% by weight based on the weight of the soil, and the agar (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS 9002-18- 0) were compared with the flexural flexural strengths of 1% and 2% of the soil weight, respectively. The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 2, the flexural bending strength was 1.05 N / mm < ² > under the condition of adding beta-glucan, whereas the flexural bending strength was increased under the condition of mixing beta-glucan and agar according to this example there was. The specimen with 1% agar showed a flexural flexural strength of 1.51 N / mm ² and the specimen with agar with 2% showed a flexural flexural strength of 1.83 N / mm ^{2. As} the amount of added specimen increased, It is judged that the bending strength is increased.

It has been confirmed that when two or more kinds of biopolymers are used together, a strong soil-biopolymer matrix is formed as well as a strength improving effect.

Example 3: Xanthan gum Flexural bending strength of blended loess board flexural strength measurement

In this example, the same xanthan gum as in Example 1 was used and the flexural bending strength was measured by the same test method.

For the xanthan gum of Example 1, additional specimens were prepared and the flexural bending strength was measured. In the case of Example 3, the content of xanthan gum is subdivided into 0.5% and 1%, and when it is 1%, the mixture is mixed at room temperature and dried at room temperature, specifically, xanthan gum is dissolved at high temperature (100 ° C) The test specimens were prepared by drying and high temperature (100 ℃) after mixing at room temperature. In case of xanthan gum 0.5%, carbon nanotubes (CNT) [Hanwha Chemical] The condition containing 1% CNT with respect to sword content was implemented. The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 3, the flexural flexural strength was less than 100 kPa under the condition of no additive, while the sample to which the xanthan gum of Example 3 was added was in the condition of about 200 kPa and 1% under the condition of 0.5% The flexural flexural strength was about 300 kPa or more.

(100 ℃) in the sample added with 1% of xanthan gum and at a temperature of 400 kPa or more at room temperature and at room temperature, and 100 ℃ or less at high temperature (100 ℃) Respectively. The thermal gelling biopolymer, xanthan, has a low viscosity at a temperature of 80 ° C or higher and a high viscosity gel-matrix when it is cooled to 40 ° C or lower, And the intensity decreased.

It was found that CNT increased the flexural flexural strength by increasing the flexural flexural strength of the samples added with xanthan gum at 0.5%.

As can be seen from the above results, the majority of the xanthan gum biopolymer mixing conditions are more effective than untreated soil, and based on the result that the biopolymer content increases, the biopolymer addition increases the flexural bending strength It can be seen that it can be used with other new materials and the like.

Example 4: Casein The compressive strength of the used block (c ompressive strength ) Measure

In this embodiment, Casein from bovine milk (C7078), which is a macromolecular viscous biopolymer, is used. Since the casein powder has a very high hydrophobicity, when the casein is in contact with water, (Such as acetic acid) in order to dissolve in a high-temperature aqueous solution for a long time or to increase the solubility thereof.

In order to compare the soil strengthening effect of casein, when no additives were mixed for 1: 1 (sand: loess) mixture ratio of sand and loess mixture which is generally used for loess construction, the weight of the mixture of sand and loess mixture The block specimens were prepared by mixing 10% of cement and 2.5%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of casein at the same water content (60%). The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 4, it was confirmed that it exhibited a considerable level of strength, showing approximately 2 MPa to 5 MPa. It was confirmed that the compressive strength expected from the conventional cement mix was sufficiently exhibited even with the casein 4% mixing alone, and the strength was increased as the casein content was increased. This shows that casein is able to replace cementitious materials in conventional soil construction and exhibits better performance.

The block specimens were dried to measure the strength in the shrinking deflection state, and then water soaked in water for 24 hours (saturated) and the strength was measured. The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 5, it was confirmed that the strength of 100 kPa or more was maintained even when the soil structure was not damaged and the shingling deflection state was maintained. In other words, it was softened by water, but not structural destruction.

Example 5: Biopolymer - Optimum soil composition for construction of soil building materials

In this example, the same casein as in Example 4 was used to examine the optimum soil composition for the composition of the biopolymer-soil building material, and the mixture ratio of mixing the sand and the loess mixture When 10% of the cement was mixed with the mixture at a mixing ratio of 1: 1 (sand: loess) at the mixing ratio of 1: 1 (sand: loess) without adding any additives, 4% And 4% by weight of casein as a mixture at a mixture ratio of 7: 3 (sand: loess) were mixed to prepare a block specimen.

The results of measuring the strength of the block specimens are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the sample with casein mixed showed a strength similar to that of the sample mixed with 10% of cement, and the sample with 4% casein mixed with soil mixture ratio of 7: 3 (sand: loess) 1: 1 (sand: loess). Based on the above results, it can be seen that the mixing ratio of sand-loess or sand-clay for the composition of the biopolymer-soil building material shows a higher strength under the condition of 1: 1.

Example 6: Biopolymer - Addition of ions to improve the strength of soil building materials

The composition of bio-polymer-soil building material is a technology to cope with the use of existing chemical solidifying materials, and it is very important to be environmentally friendly. In order to increase the strength without further mixing of the biopolymer, the strength can be improved by adding ions of an alkali or alkaline earth metal series which can increase the bonding strength between the biopolymer strands or chains. FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the dry strength of a pure ocher sample containing 3% casein mixed with various concentrations of ions in order to measure the strength enhancement effect.

As shown in Fig. 7, the dry strength of the pure ocher sample mixed with 3% of casein was 1.8 MPa, while the addition of calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) ₂ ] To 0.5%, the strength increased from 2.5 MPa to 2.9 MPa. As a result, it was confirmed that the strength can be increased without addition of biopolymer by adding cations or the like as needed when forming the biopolymer-earth building material.

Example 7: More than two kinds Biopolymer Mixed Biopolymer - Improved soil building material performance

Biomolecular-clay building materials can be formed with only a single kind of biopolymer mixture. However, the performance of the building material can be improved by using two or more kinds of biopolymers to improve the performance of the biopolymer-clay building material.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the results of a comparison between a specimen without any treatment under a condition of 100% loess in a dry state, a 1% mixture of gellan gum, and a mixture of 1% gellan gum and 1% As shown in Fig. As shown in FIG. 8, the bio-polymer mixture alone exhibited the effect of enhancing the strength by about 3 times as much as the untreated soil. Particularly, when casein and gellan gum were mixed together, As a result, it was confirmed that the effect of accumulating more elastic energy as an increase of ductility and preventing sudden fracture can be obtained.

This effect can be expected not only in homogeneous mixing but also in the case of simply applying casein to the surface. Fig. 9 is a graph showing the results of measurement of a casein of liquid kaolin on a surface of a kaolin sample mixed with 1% gellan gum and a 1% gellan gum without any treatment on a kaoline clay specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention The results of measuring the stress-strain when coating and drying are shown. As shown in FIG. 9, the specimen coated with casein on the surface showed a strength increase of about 3 times or more as compared with the specimen without any treatment. According to the above results, it was confirmed that the biopolymer mixed with one kind of biopolymer can be coated with a different type of biopolymer to improve the strength and elastic displacement.

Example 8: For sandy ground Biopolymer Experiment of injection of aqueous solution

Compressed sand (relative density of 70% or more) was ground in a transparent sample box (length 30 cm × width 5 cm × height 30 cm), and a 1 cm diameter nozzle and a 500 mL infusion solution bottle were connected and pneumatic pressure ) Equipment. The injection solution was prepared by mixing water, an aqueous 2% gellan gum solution at room temperature (20 ° C) and an aqueous 2% gellan gum solution at high temperature (90 ° C) (the 2% gellan gum aqueous solution was prepared by mixing 490 g of water and 10 g of gellan gum . The penetration shape of the injection solution was visually observed at 0 kPa (when flowing due to gravity without air pressure) and 30 seconds after applying a pressure of 100 kPa. The results are shown in Figs. 10 (a) and 10 .

As shown in Figs. 10 (a) and 10 (b), in the absence of pressure, the aqueous gellan gum solution did not penetrate sufficiently into the soil and spread widely on the surface, And it was confirmed that the heat treatment was important. When the pressure was applied, the depth of penetration (penetration depth) of both the room temperature and the high temperature gellan gum aqueous solution was increased, and the quality of the construction was improved. Therefore, the importance of pressurization and heating in the field application equipment of biopolymer was confirmed.

Based on the above examples, soil construction and building materials using a polysaccharide or a protein-based biopolymer not only enhance soil strength but also are eco-friendly soil building materials. In addition, the addition of more biopolymers and addition of ions can further enhance soil strength. The use of soil building materials using biopolymers can be a good alternative to the low strength and low durability problems of conventional soil building materials.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing description of the embodiments is for illustrative purposes and that those skilled in the art can easily modify the invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of making soil building materials comprising adding to a soil a casein or a casein and a polymeric viscous biopolymer and adding a cation of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal,
The casein and / or the polymeric viscous biopolymer is used to expand the pores in the soil, to maintain the aqueous nature of the soil, to increase the binding force between the soil particles,
The casein prevents structural destruction of the soil building material against water,
Wherein the cation of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal increases the strength by inducing gelation of the polymeric viscous biopolymer.
Method of manufacturing soil building material.

The method according to claim 1,
The addition of the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil may be accomplished by mixing the casein with the polymeric viscous biopolymer and then adding to the soil and / or by adding to the soil comprising the polymeric viscous biopolymer Wherein the casein is added.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the polymeric, viscous biopolymer comprises a polysaccharide or protein based polymeric, viscous biopolymer.

The method of claim 3,
Wherein the polysaccharide-based polymer-grafted biopolymer comprises a polymer-chain biopolymer or a gel-type biopolymer.

5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the polymer chain biopolymer comprises a linear polysaccharide series selected from the group consisting of beta glucan, alpha glucan, curdlan, chitosan, and combinations thereof.

5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the gel type biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of Wellan gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, agar gum, succinoglycan gum, curdlan, and combinations thereof to form a three-dimensional bonding structure in an aqueous solution state Of the soil material.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer are added to the soil in the form of an aqueous solution or a basic aqueous solution, respectively.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the casein and the polymeric viscous biopolymer are added to the soil in powder form, respectively.

delete

The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising adding water, an acidic aqueous solution, and / or a cationic aqueous solution.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the casein is added in an amount of 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the soil.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the polymeric viscous biopolymer is added in an amount of 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the soil.