KR100557038B1 - Method for Controlling Expansion Valve of Heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a means for applying an electronic linear valve (LEV: Linear Expansion Valve) as a heat pump expansion mechanism of the air conditioner and a means for controlling the valve, the error of the target superheat and the current superheat by using the discharge superheat The present invention relates to a method of controlling an expansion valve of a heat pump, in which a LEV control cycle can be adaptively changed.

An expansion valve control method of a heat pump according to the present invention comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a pipe connecting the same, and an air conditioning system including a microprocessor controlling a compressor operation by comparing a set temperature with a current temperature. Measuring and calculating a target superheat degree, a current and previous superheat degree, a current and previous LEV opening degree; Obtaining the previous superheat error and the current superheat error, and the current and previous LEV opening changes; And setting the current and previous LEV opening output pulse differences and controlling the LEV control period in proportion to an error between the target superheat degree and the current superheat degree.

Air conditioner, heat pump, LEV, superheat

Description

Method for Controlling Expansion Valve of Heat pump

1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system and a control device for explaining the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart in the Nathan in the expansion valve control method of the heat pump according to the present invention.

3 is in the expansion valve control of the heater pump according to an embodiment of the present invention, the timing control opening direction table.

4 is an example of a LEV control cycle according to the present invention.

Figure 5a is a graph showing the compressor outlet, the condensation pipe, the evaporation pipe temperature by the expansion valve control of the conventional heater pump.

Figure 5b is a graph showing the compressor torch temperature, indoor piping temperature, condensation and evaporation pressure, outdoor piping temperature by the expansion valve control of the heat pump according to the present invention.

The present invention applies a linear expansion valve (LEV) as a heat pump expansion mechanism of an air conditioner and as a means for controlling the valve, in the construction of a control algorithm, the compressor suction and discharge superheat control When controlling the furnace expansion valve, the difference between the target superheat degree and the current and previous superheat degree and the opening degree change are calculated, and based on the target superheat degree, the amount of change in the superheat degree, which is the difference between the previous superheat rate and the current superheat degree, is calculated. The present invention relates to a method for controlling an expansion valve of a heat pump that can adaptively vary a valve control cycle, thereby improving stability and reliability of a cooling cycle.

An air conditioner generally includes a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, an indoor evaporator that cools the refrigerant and maintains a cold surface upon cooling, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant during cooling to discharge hot condensation heat, an expansion mechanism that regulates the flow pressure of the refrigerant, and connects them. The air conditioning system is composed of piping for the user to perform a predetermined refrigeration cycle by a microprocessor or the like based on the cooling temperature, the outside air temperature and the current temperature of the room set by the user.

In order to realize optimization and energy saving in such a refrigeration cycle, the role of the expansion mechanism is particularly important. As is known, a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve (TXV), and an electronic linear expansion valve (LEV) are employed as the expansion mechanism. In the case of capillary, it is mainly applied to the on / off type air conditioner where the rotation speed of the compressor is relatively low and the flow rate of the refrigerant is relatively small.However, the inverter air conditioner operates by changing the operating frequency from low frequency to high frequency. LEVs are employed rather than constrained capillaries. The reason is that the flow rate of refrigerant from the compressor is high in the high operating frequency range, so that the expansion mechanism must be opened so that the refrigerant flows a lot. In the case of capillary, the flow is less. The less open the mechanism, the less refrigerant should flow, because the capillary is inefficient operation, such as a lot of flow.

In terms of cycles, the suction superheat (the difference between the evaporation temperature and the suction temperature of the compressor) increases at the outlet of the evaporator, and the capacity and energy consumption efficiency change.

Thus, the optimization of this expansion mechanism in the refrigeration cycle is to control the length and diameter of the capillary case, and to control the LEV to maintain the optimum openings value.

In an air conditioner driven by an inverter, the microprocessor controls the opening degree of the LEV according to a control procedure in which the elements such as the compressor operating frequency, outdoor temperature, and indoor temperature are input values, and the opening degree of the LEV is output values, and most LEVs are stepping motors. The opening degree is controlled in such a manner that the stepping motor rotates the needle to change the area of the hole through which the refrigerant passes.

If fast and stable control is not achieved in the opening degree control of the LEV, the current value flowing through the compressor becomes high when the operation frequency is changed, and in order to cope with the high current value, the inverter circuit may be equipped with larger hardware than necessary. In terms of cycles, it can take a long time to be able to operate in a stable manner, and it also has a bad result in terms of energy saving.

Therefore, a quick and stable control is required in the air conditioner system using the LEV.

In particular, the control of the LEV is changed according to the operating environment such as the operating frequency or indoor and outdoor temperature, the optimum opening value is changed, and in response to such a change in the operating environment such as the operating frequency or indoor and outdoor temperature, it is required that the appropriate and rapid opening of the LEV control. have.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a method for controlling an expansion valve of a heat pump that allows the LEV control period to be changed in proportion to the error after calculating an error between a target superheat and a current superheat. The purpose is.

Another object of the present invention is to measure and calculate a target superheat degree, current and previous superheat degree, current and previous LEV opening degree, and to obtain the previous superheat degree error and current superheat degree error, and current and previous LEV opening degree change, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of controlling an expansion valve of a heat pump that sets a difference between current and previous LEV opening output pulses and controls the LEV control period in proportion to an error between the target superheat and the current superheat.

Expansion valve control method of the heat pump according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

An air conditioner system comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a pipe connecting the same, and including a microprocessor that controls a compressor operation by comparing a set temperature with a present temperature.

Measuring and calculating a target superheat degree, a current and previous superheat degree, a current and previous LEV opening degree;

Obtaining the previous superheat error and the current superheat error, and the current and previous LEV opening changes;

And setting the current and previous LEV opening output pulse differences and controlling the LEV control period in proportion to an error between the target superheat degree and the current superheat degree.

Preferably, the current superheat degree is a value obtained by subtracting the condenser temperature from the compressor outlet temperature.

Preferably, the LEV control period is characterized in that if the error between the target superheat and the current superheat is large, the control period is long, and if the error is small, the control period is short.

Preferably, the LEV opening / decreasing direction setting is increased or decreased to a comparison result of first information (+,-, =) determined according to a result of previous superheat error compared to a target and second information determined according to a result of current superheat error compared to a target. Derivative information (+,-, =, = +, +-. == is obtained by increasing or decreasing third information according to whether the third information is obtained and comparing the obtained third information with fourth information according to the previous and current opening degree change results. ), And then the LEV opening / decreasing direction is determined using the current superheat degree information, the previous superheat degree information, and the derivative information.

Preferably, the opening and closing direction of the LEV opening degree is characterized in that one of the opening degree, opening degree closing, opening degree.

The expansion valve control method of the heat pump of the air conditioner according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system and a control device for explaining the present invention, which is composed of an evaporator 51, a presser 52, a condenser 53, a microprocessor 55, and measures the discharge superheat degree of a compressor. To this end, temperature sensors 52a and 53a are respectively installed on the pipes of the compressor 52 and the condenser 53, and the microprocessor 53 can measure the compressor discharge temperature and the condensation temperature.

Normally, when the inverter air conditioner starts to operate, the initial start control starts for two to four minutes. When the initial start control ends, the LEV control algorithm corresponding to the operating frequency determined by the indoor and outdoor temperature, the set temperature, and the like is started, in which case the compressor 52 discharge and the condenser 53 temperature are controlled by the temperature sensors 52a and 53a. It is measured and begins to enter the microprocessor 45.

The microprocessor 55 obtains the current superheat degree using the input compressor discharge temperature and condensation temperature. Here, the current superheat is the compressor outlet temperature minus the condenser temperature.

Since the current superheat degree may be the previous superheat degree on the time axis, the present superheat degree and the previous superheat degree are accumulated, respectively, after accumulating, and the target superheat degree and the current LEV opening degree and the previous LEV opening degree are obtained. Include it.

2 is a method of controlling the discharge superheat degree of the heat pump according to the present invention, and when the operation is started (S110), the control variable measurement and calculation are performed (S120). In this case, the control variable may include a target superheat degree, a current superheat degree, Previous superheat and current and previous LEV openings.

When the control variable is measured, it is calculated to determine the direction of increase or decrease of the LEV opening (S130). The step S130 obtains the previous superheat error compared to the target and the current superheat error compared to the target, detects whether the LEV opening degree is changed, and sets the LEV opening and closing direction using these.

Then, after setting the LEV opening output pulse to a value obtained by subtracting the current pulse opening degree from the previous pulse opening degree (S140), control is performed at different LEV control cycles for each band corresponding to the difference of the current superheat degree (S150).

In detail, the target superheat degree is already set according to the discharge temperature and the condensation temperature of the compressor, and overheating before the current superheat degree can also be obtained over time. Double, the current expansion valve opening and previous expansion valve opening information (open, close, remain) information is obtained. Here, the opening degree information of the expansion valve is determined as opening degree opening (open, +), opening degree closing (close,-), opening degree maintenance (remain, =) and the like.

At this time, a determination is made to determine the direction of expansion / decompression of the expansion valve. The determination is to obtain a previous superheat degree error (Tsh_Before), which is a difference between the target superheat degree and the previous superheat degree, and the current superheat degree error (Tsh_Current), which is a difference between the target superheat rate and the current superheat degree. We calculate the change amount of expansion valve opening. That is, on the basis of the timing control opening direction table of FIG. 3, the previous and current superheat errors (Tsh_Bfore, Tsh_Current: +,-, =) versus the target superheat degrees are respectively calculated, and the difference between the current superheat rate and the previous superheat degree (ΔTsh: (+,-, =) Here, +,-, = respectively corresponds to one increase and decrease information.

At this time, the current superheat degree selection is defined as symbols (+,-, =) that meet the conditions compared to the previous superheat degree (Tsh_Before) and the target superheat degree (Tsh_Target), as shown in Table 1 below, and the current superheat degree ( In contrast to Tsh_Current and target superheat degree (Tsh_target), each symbol is defined with symbols (+,-, =). In this case, an error value of ± 2 ° C. may be set for the target superheat degree, and the symbols correspond to + open dog, − open dog cloth, and = open dog.

Item Symbol Condition  Tsh_Before + Tsh_Before> Tsh_Target + 2 ℃ - Tsh_Before <Tsh_Target-2 ℃  = Tsh_Before ≤ Tsh_Target + 2 ℃ AND Tsh_Before ≥ Tsh_Target-2 ℃  Tsh_Current + Tsh_Current> Tsh_Target + 2 ℃ - Tsh_Current <Tsh_Target-2 ℃  = Tsh_Current ≤ Tsh_Target + 2 ℃ AND Tsh_Current ≥ Tsh_Target-2 ℃  Direction + Dog Open -  Dog Close =   Dog Remain

The LEV opening degree change ΔP corresponds to a value obtained by subtracting the current pulse opening degree from the previous pulse opening degree, and this value is defined as +,-, and =. This is as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows the derivatives symbols (+,-, =, = +, =-, =) corresponding to each of the temperature band symbols (+,-, =) and the opening degree change symbols (+,-, =). Generates =)

No △ P △ Tsh Derivatives One + + + 2 + - - 3 + = = 4 - + - 5 - - + 6 - = = 7 = + = + 8 = - =- 9 = = ==

Therefore, the opening degree directions (+,-, =) are determined according to the increase / decrease results using the previous superheat degree and the current superheat degree shown in FIG. As such, when the LEV opening / decreasing direction is determined, the control variable measurement and calculation are performed according to the LEV control period set for each temperature band after waiting for a predetermined time.

)일 경우 제어주기는 2분 30초 단위로 수행하고, 제 2온도 이상(

)일 경우 2분단위로, 제 3온도 이상(

)일 경우 1분 30초 단위로, 제 4온도 이하(

)일 경우 1분 단위로 수행하게 된다. 실시 예로서 제 1 내지 제 4온도, 그리고 주기 단위를 하나의 실시 예로서, 개도 증감 방향에 따라 주기를 다르게 적응적으로 변경할 수 도 있다. 이는 기존의 일정한 주기를 갖는 제어 방식과는 다르다고 할 것이다.That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the subtracted temperature band ΔT of the current superheat degree based on the target superheat degree is equal to or greater than the first temperature (

), The control cycle is performed in a unit of 2 minutes 30 seconds, the second temperature or more (

) In two-minute increments, above the third temperature (

) In 1 minute 30 seconds, below the fourth temperature (

) Will be performed in 1 minute increments. According to an embodiment, the first to fourth temperatures and the period unit may be adaptively changed differently according to the opening and closing direction as an embodiment. This is different from the existing control scheme with a certain period.

The present invention is to select the superheat degree to ensure the optimum efficiency or capability for each cooling system operating conditions, when the system operating conditions or ambient conditions are changed due to disturbance when selecting the superheat degree, LEV control to secure the superheat degree In addition, in the case of using the outlet superheat control, the characteristics of the large amount of change according to the control and a slow response compared to the inlet superheat control are used. Although the inlet superheat is convenient in many aspects, the outlet superheat utilization side meets the trend of preferring superheat control for reasons such as additional sensor cost and lower linearity.

Therefore, when the error between the target superheat degree and the current superheat degree is large, the control period is controlled to be long, and when the error is small, the control period is shortened to control.

Figure 5a is a conventional, Figure 5b is a pipe temperature / pressure in the pipe by operation time period of the present invention, as shown, as shown in the compressor discharge temperature, indoor pipe condensation temperature, evaporation pipe temperature graph of the existing cycle (about Unlike the 30 second unit, the control period is adaptively compensated for the error, thereby enabling more stable valve control. In addition, it can be stabilized within a faster time than before until stable even under cooling overload conditions, and overheating can also be secured within a certain range.

As described above, according to the expansion valve control method of the heat pump according to the present invention, when the error between the target superheat and the current superheat is large, the control period is controlled to be long, and when the error is small, the control period is shortened to control the efficiency. There is an effect to control the air conditioner operation. In addition, it is excellent in responsiveness to disturbance and contributes to fast comfort in the room and improved reliability of the system.

Claims (5)

An air conditioner system comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a pipe connecting the same, and including a microprocessor that controls a compressor operation by comparing a set temperature with a present temperature. Measuring and calculating a target superheat degree, a current and previous superheat degree, a current and previous LEV opening degree; Obtaining a previous superheat error that is a difference between the target superheat degree and a previous superheat degree, a current superheat error that is a difference between the target superheat degree and a current superheat degree, and current and previous LEV opening degrees; And setting the current and previous LEV opening output pulse differences and controlling the LEV control period in proportion to a difference between the target superheat degree and the current superheat degree. The method of claim 1, The current superheat degree is a value obtained by subtracting the condenser temperature from the compressor outlet temperature. The method of claim 1, The LEV control cycle is a control method of the expansion valve of the heat pump, characterized in that if the error of the target superheat degree and the current superheat degree is large, the control period is long, and if the error is small, the control period is shortened. The method of claim 1, The LEV opening direction increase / decrease direction setting obtains third information according to whether the first information determined according to the result of the previous superheat error compared to the target and the second information determined according to the result of the current superheat error compared to the target, After obtaining the derivative information by comparing the obtained third information with the fourth information according to the result of the previous and the current opening degree change, The method of controlling the expansion valve of the heat pump, characterized in that for determining the direction of the LEV opening degree by using the information of the current superheat degree, the previous superheat degree information, and the derivative information. The method of claim 4, wherein The opening and closing direction of the LEV opening degree is one of the opening degree opening, the opening degree closing, the opening degree maintenance method of the heat pump expansion valve control method.

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