KR100527294B1 - The manufacturing method of natual rivers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a natural river composition method, and more specifically to planting, germinating the seeds of the vegetation plant on the top of the porous soil concrete constructed to allow the plant roots of the vegetation layer to fall to the base layer, at regular intervals In the formed vegetation hole, the plant or natural stone suitable for the applied river can be planted and installed to further strengthen the structure of the embankment, as well as installing a nonwoven fabric on the ground of the riverside (S1); Assembling and installing formwork on top of the installed nonwoven fabric (S2); Installing a vegetation hole cube of a predetermined size in the installed formwork (S3); Preparing a binder by mixing cement with blast furnace slag or ash fly ash (S4); Preparing a porous soil concrete by mixing single-grained aggregate, soil, quicklime or slaked lime and water in the prepared binder (S5); Pouring the prepared concrete directly into the formwork, curing step (S6); Mixing and spraying the vegetation plant seeds and the root germination promoter in a fixed ratio on the cured soil concrete to germinate and vegetation (S7); It characterized in that it comprises a step of planting or installing a plant, or natural stone in the vegetation hole (S8).

Description

The manufacturing method of natual rivers

The present invention relates to a natural river composition method, and more particularly, porous soil concrete made of soil, single-grain aggregates, etc. is placed in the formwork with vegetation-hole cubes, cured, and germinate seeds of plants on the cured soil concrete. By planting herbaceous plants, woody plants or natural stones in the vegetation halls installed by the formwork, while reducing the material and construction costs while simultaneously improving the structural safety, environment and ecological functionality of the problems of existing river maintenance forms Economics can be secured, and the seeds of vegetation plants can be planted and germinated on top of the constructed porous soil concrete so that the plant roots of vegetation layers can stick to the base layer. By planting and installing suitable plants or natural stones, the structure of the levees can be further strengthened. In addition, it is intended to create a more eco-friendly, high-performance natural river.

Recently, as the land use of the river basin is increased and urbanization progresses, the river environment is remarkably changed, and the change of the river environment is being accelerated because the river environment maintenance method was mainly focused on the large-scale civil engineering work for watershed and completion purposes.

Among the changes in the river environment, the changes caused by the concrete lakeside not only degrade the inherent natural functions of the rivers, but also the water density of the rivers and the habitat density of the algae that live in the streams as ecosystem components. The decline in habitats and the diversity of vegetation has led to a decline in ecosystem habitats.

In addition, in the case of urban rivers with high density of land use around the rivers, the river environment has been modified for the purpose of flood communication, such as maintenance of reservoirs and reservoirs, linear maintenance of river channels, and construction of river embankments. The river's curvilinear lines have been converted to straight lines, and the reservoir has become concrete.

Looking at the river maintenance form to prevent such changes in the river environment, there is a pure vegetation method as a way to aim for a natural river, a method using stone, a method using palm fiber or logs and a lake block (environment block, vegetation block) Although there is a construction method of the lakeside, the pure vegetation method is the most suitable method for maintaining the natural state of the river or there is a problem in the structural safety, so there is a high possibility that the lakeside is lost by a large amount of running water. Procurement of materials is not easy, and methods using palm fibers or logs also have problems of dimensional safety, and the construction of lakes by the lakeside block construction method also secures structural stability integrated with the levee by assembling and building each block. Not only is it difficult to do, but it is also used to secure the economics of river maintenance. There was a problem.

In order to solve this problem, the Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2002-22249, 'Greening method of river banks made of concrete blocks', forms a banking area with concrete blocks on the inner slope of the river bank, and the uneven part of the concrete block. After spraying the vegetation mixture mixed with seeds on the top of the vegetation mixture, spraying eco-friendly adhesive to prevent moisturizing and loss of seeds on the upper surface of the vegetation mixture to make greening of the embankment area by plant growth. While maintaining the dike, it was possible to restore the ecosystem by improving the landscape as well as the biological habitat space, but it could not prevent the leaching of alkaline components in the cement, which adversely affected the ecological environment. The 'hand-made manufacturing method of natural river' of Patent No. 306394 densely conifers After making the twisted end and forming a seating groove on the bottom, it fills the soil by seating the seating on the seating groove of the bed to show the unique function of the hand, and to record the bottom of the river quickly and to provide the spawning place for the fish. Although it was possible to provide a natural-friendly handmade, there was a problem in the possibility of the loss of the lake by a large amount of water due to the problem of structural safety.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional natural river composition method that could not have structural stability and environment, ecological functionality at the same time, the vegetation hole cube is made of porous soil concrete made of soil, single grain aggregate, etc. Placing and curing in the installed formwork, the seeds of the plant in the cured soil concrete to germinate, planting herbaceous plants, woody plants or natural stone in the vegetation hall installed by the formwork, the problem of the existing river maintenance form While improving structural safety, environment, and ecological functionality at the same time, it is possible to secure economical efficiency by reducing material and construction costs, and by having independent structures for certain areas, it can secure resistance to contraction and expansion of structures due to temperature changes. Seeds of vegetation plants on top of concrete By planting and germinating the plant roots of the vegetation layer can slide to the base layer, and vegetation holes formed at regular intervals are formed through each to integrate the base layer and the surface layer, and at the same time, the plant or natural stone suitable for the applied river By planting and installing the plant, the structure of the embankment can be made not only more robust, but also to provide a natural river composition method that can create a more eco-friendly, high-functional natural river.

Natural stream composition method of the present invention for achieving the above object, after the compacted ground of the river side, the step of installing a non-woven fabric on the compacted ground (S1); Assembling and installing formwork having a predetermined size on top of the installed nonwoven fabric (S2); Installing a vegetation hole cube of a predetermined size on all or part of the installed formwork (S3); Preparing a binder by mixing 65 to 95% by weight of cement and 5 to 35% by weight of blast-furnace slag or ash fly ash (S4); Preparing porous earth concrete by mixing 3 to 20% by weight of the prepared binder with 40 to 90% by weight of single grain aggregate, 3 to 20% by weight of soil, 1 to 10% by weight of quicklime or slaked lime and 3 to 10% by weight of water ( S5); Pouring the prepared concrete directly into the formwork and curing step (S6); Mixing vegetation plant seeds and root germination promoters at a predetermined ratio on top of the cured soil concrete to spray and germinate directly by the seed spray method (S7); Planting or installing a herbaceous plant, a tree plant or a natural stone in the vegetation hall, characterized in that it comprises a step (S8).

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings such that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a process diagram showing the natural river composition method of the present invention, the configuration is nonwoven fabric installation (S1), formwork assembly, installation (S2), vegetation hole cube installation (S3), binder preparation (S4), Porous soil concrete manufacturing (S5), earth concrete pouring, curing (S6), plant seed germination, vegetation (S7) and plant or natural stone planting or installation step (S8).

First, after compacting the ground of the riverside, install a nonwoven fabric on the ground (S1), the nonwoven fabric is to use the perforated to prevent the outflow of soil by the running water and at the same time to protect the surface such as moisture retention.

After installing the nonwoven fabric, assembling and installing a formwork of a predetermined size on top of the installed nonwoven fabric (S2). At this time, the formwork is composed of any one of wood, steel, FB, FRP, acrylic to styropol, which is easy to install and transport, and is recyclable, and the deformation of the porous soil concrete according to the change of temperature, that is, drying, shrinkage And it should be configured to have an independent structure in a certain area unit so as to ensure resistance to crack generation or swelling phenomenon due to expansion.

In addition, in order to allow a certain type of vegetation hole to penetrate through all or part of the independent unit area, a vegetation hole cube is installed at a predetermined interval (S3) to completely integrate the base layer and the surface vegetation layer. The cubes are made of wood, steel, FBC, FRP, acrylic, styropol, stone, block, brick, soil, etc. At this time, cubes using soil, block, brick, stone, etc. need to be removed. In addition, materials such as steel, FBC, FRP, etc. should be installed after the release agent treatment for easy removal.

In the present invention, the construction by adopting an independent formwork in a predetermined area unit is to prevent the expansion and contraction of the soil concrete due to the shrinkage and expansion of the soil concrete according to the change in temperature, and to install the joint after curing the concrete Not only can the additional process be omitted, but the soil concrete can be placed evenly when sloped and cured (S6), and it also prevents subsidence caused by running water. This is because the hall can be secured at the same time as it is poured.

After installing the vegetation hole cube (S3), a binder is prepared by mixing cement and blast furnace slag or ash fly ash to produce porous earth concrete (S4).

At this time, if the blending ratio of blast furnace slag or ash fly ash exceeds 35% by weight, not only the curing speed of concrete is slow but also it is difficult to secure the required strength. Since the production of concrete is difficult, it is preferable to mix 65 to 95% by weight of cement blast furnace slag or 5 to 35% by weight of fly ash.

When the binder is prepared, a porous soil concrete is prepared by mixing single grain aggregate, soil, quicklime or slaked lime and water in the prepared binder (S5), but when the blending ratio of the binder is more than 20% by weight, the economic efficiency is not good and less than 3% by weight. Since the effect of improving the watertightness and adjusting the capillary pores due to the backing material is hard to appear, it is 3 to 20 wt%.

Aggregate uses coarse aggregate of single particle size to secure sufficient voids of porous soil concrete, but the amount of usage should be determined according to design continuous porosity of porous soil concrete, particle size distribution of used aggregate and particle size distribution of used soil, and also recycled. Using aggregates not only lowers manufacturing costs but also recycles resources.

Soil is used in granulated soil type and sandy soil type is better than cohesive soil. It shows characteristics of strength, and soils containing a large amount of organic matter or heavy metals are avoided. In addition, the size of the soil particles is generally used in the amount of 5-30% by weight passing through the No. 200 sieve, 60% by weight or more through the No. 4 sieve, it is preferable to remove particles larger than 13mm , When the mixing ratio of soil is more than 20% by weight, it is difficult to express the strength, and less than 3% by weight of soil can not satisfy the characteristics of the concrete, so 3 to 20% by weight.

Lime plays a role in helping to develop strength by generating a hydrate by pozzolanic reaction, among which quicklime reduces the water content of the soil due to exothermic reaction, thereby contributing to securing the initial strength, so that quicklime is used rather than slaked lime. If the content exceeds 10% by weight, it is not economical, and if it is less than 1% by weight, it is difficult to produce hydrates by the pozzolanic reaction.

The mixed water used in the mixing should not use harmful substances such as oil, acid, organic matter, etc. and should not have a harmful effect on the hardened concrete of the soil. Therefore, it is preferable to use uncontaminated ground water, and the mixing ratio of water affects the water content of the soil used. In general, when the water content of the soil is in the range of 10 to 40%, the amount of mixed water is more than 10% by weight, it is easy to generate ractanism due to the bleeding phenomenon during construction, and the workability is deteriorated when it is less than 3% by weight. Since it generate | occur | produces, it is 3 to 10 weight%.

In addition, when manufacturing soil concrete (S5), by adding a certain amount of powder waterproofing material and fluidized admixture to the filling of the capillary voids in the concrete to improve the reduction of absorption and insolubility. When using the Pozzolan Polymer Stearate (PPS) having an ultrafine spherical structure mainly composed of a pozzolan active material and an organic polymer compound composite material, the organic polymer compound reacts with calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydration. Water-soluble insoluble high-grade fatty acid calcium to fill the capillary pores, reducing water absorption and forming a water-tight film inside the concrete to make insoluble concrete. When the blending ratio of the powder waterproofing material exceeds 1.50% by weight, Less than 0.03% by weight Since the operation and effect of improving the concrete such as dissolution suppression effect of deterioration of the soluble material is preferably a sex 0.03~1.50% by weight.

The fluidized admixture is used to improve the workability of porous soil concrete and the strength by the water-reducing effect.If the mixing ratio is less than 0.10% by weight, the fluidity and water-reducing effect are lowered. It is preferable to set it as 1.00 weight%.

The soil concrete prepared as described above is placed directly on the formwork with the vegetation hole cube installed, curing (S6), but in the form and compaction of the soil concrete in the form, the part that can be mechanized construction using concrete finisher, compaction roller, etc. In other cases, compactors and compaction rods are used to compact and construct the soil concrete so that a predetermined density and continuous voids can be obtained.

In addition, the construction surface where the compaction is completed is covered during the curing period by covering the vinyl to prevent moisture loss and keeping warm.When curing is completed, remove the installed formwork and then carry out the following process for plant vegetation or by built-in formwork. It is also possible to run the vegetation process in the installed state.

When the soil concrete is cured, plant seeds are germinated on top of the cured soil concrete to allow vegetation (S7), but the general seed spray recording method for directly spraying and germinating vegetation plant seeds mixed with root germination promoters. The seed spray method is a method commonly used in general greening methods, and the seeds of the vegetation are mixed with soil, water, fertilizer, etc. and sprayed through a hose at a high pressure. This germination, there is an advantage that will stick. In addition, it is possible to prevent the soil from being sprayed by covering the vinyl with the sprayed soil concrete during the plant germination period.After the plant is germinated, the roots of the plant stick to the base layer through the continuous pores of the soil concrete. By achieving the structure that can be achieved, eco-friendly natural river is achieved.

In addition, the installed vegetation hall by planting or installing a herbaceous plant, woody plant or natural stone suitable for the target river (S8) to further strengthen the structural safety of the river and at the same time to ensure a natural landscape.

In addition, the roots of plants germinated in the vegetation layer can grow to the base layer through the continuous pores and vegetation holes of the porous soil concrete, thereby achieving ecological environment due to the integration of the bank structure and the disconnection of ecosystems inside and outside the river bank. Eco-friendly natural rivers that can prevent destruction can be achieved.

In another embodiment of the present invention, after assembling and curing the formwork and vegetation holes of a predetermined size on the upper portion of the installed nonwoven fabric (S2) and (S3), but after collectively pouring and curing the soil concrete on the upper portion of the installed nonwoven fabric, Plants may be planted by dividing into independent structures of the standard and installing vegetation holes in all or part of the divided unit structure.

Looking at the characteristics and actions of the binder and the mixture used in the manufacture of the soil concrete used in the present invention are as follows.

First, the blast furnace slag has physical properties of 3,000 ~ 4,500 ㎠ / g and specific gravity 2.85 ~ 2.94. The blast furnace slag does not show hydraulic properties even when contacted with water alone, but it becomes remarkable under certain conditions (when in contact with alkali component in cement). It is hydrophobic, and reacts with silica hydroxide and alumina ions, which are melted from slag and cement, to produce secondary hydrates (CSH or CAH), which fill the capillary pores in the concrete By densifying the tissue, it shows the effect of improving the freezing resistance.

In addition, the powder fly ash has physical properties of about 3,000 to 4,500 cm 2 / g, specific gravity of 1.9 to 2.3, and loss of ignition of 0.3 to 12.0%. Like slag, there is no hydration reaction on its own, but calcium hydroxide and It reacts slowly at room temperature to produce insoluble stable calcium silicate hydrate, which not only improves the water-tightness of concrete but also improves fluidity by pozzolanic action and chemical resistance by harmful substances.

Pozzolanic stearate, a powder waterproofing material, is an organic polymer compound, which is one of its main components, reacts with calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydration to produce water-repellent insoluble higher fatty acid calcium to fill capillary pores in concrete. It forms a watertight film inside the concrete to make insoluble concrete.

The soil concrete made by mixing the binders and mixtures as described above becomes more dense internal structure of the concrete by their action, thereby improving the watertightness and enhancing the strength, as well as the improvement of the alkaline elution material in the cement by the contact of water. It is possible to achieve the conversion to a more environmentally friendly, high-performance material by blocking elution at the source.

In particular, since soil concrete uses soil, it shows more environmentally-friendly characteristics than general cement concrete. Since it has higher resistance to freeze-thawing than cement concrete, not only is it safer to deform the structure, but also the ratio of bending strength to compressive strength is high. As it improves, there is an effect of greatly improving the flexural toughness and brittleness, which are one of the disadvantages of cement concrete.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

(Example)

To prepare a porous soil concrete in the mixing ratio as shown in Table 1.

Compounding ratio of each example and comparative example (unit: kg / m ³ ) division Soil Soil (viscosity soil) cement Slag Fly ash quicklime Coarse aggregate Powder waterproofing Fluidized admixture water Example 1 300 - 210 60 30 100 1,600 9.0 3.0 130 Example 2 300 - 245 70 35 120 1,500 10.5 3.5 150 Example 3 300 - 245 105 - 120 1,500 10.5 3.5 150 Example 4 300 - 280 - 70 120 1,500 10.5 3.5 150 Comparative Example 1 - 300 245 70 35 120 1,500 10.5 3.5 150 Comparative Example 2 - - 350 - - - 2,000 - 3.5 120

(This compounding ratio is a compounding ratio not considering the porosity)

The maximum dimension of coarse aggregate was 20mm, and the coarse aggregate of 10% of No. 4 sieve was used, and the aggregate exceeding 13mm was removed. The water content of the soil was about 10% for sandy soil and about 20% for viscous sandy soil. The amount of use was adjusted to secure workability in consideration of the evaporation loss of moisture due to heat generation, and calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) powder was used as the quickener circuit.

Table 2 below shows the measurement results of the physical properties of the Examples and Comparative Examples.

Physical property measurement results of each Example and Comparative Examples division Compressive Strength (Kg / cm ² ) Flexural strength (Kg / cm ² ) Freeze thawing resistance (%) Coulomb Blade Rate (%) Permeability coefficient (cm / sec) Continuous Porosity (%) Example 1 164 35 - - - 0.98 24.32 Example 2 216 43 98 480 4.2 0.86 20.30 Example 3 222 46 - - - 0.85 21.14 Example 4 204 40 - - - 0.88 22.02 Comparative Example 1 185 41 - - - 0.60 15.80 Comparative Example 2 238 38 67 3,300 7.6 0.93 20.25

The freeze-thaw resistance test in Table 2 is a value obtained by measuring the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity at 200 freeze-thaw cycles, and the water-tightness test is a value obtained by measuring a permeation charge amount by the chlorine ion permeation test method. In addition, the continuous porosity is to seal the side and bottom of the columnar specimen and inject water from the top to absorb the specimen sufficiently to measure the weight, and to measure the weight after removing the water.The difference is divided by the volume of the specimen as a percentage. Compression and flexural strength are the values of 28 days.

As can be seen from the measurement results of the physical properties of Table 2, the compressive strength (compared to Example 1 and Example 2) is the strength increases as the mixing ratio of the binder (cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash) is higher In the case where viscous sandy soil is used (compared to Example 2 and Comparative Example 1) compared to that of sandy clay in the same blending ratio, the results of the strength measurement are reduced by 10% or more.

The ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength (compared to Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 and Comparative Example 2) is shown to be remarkably improved in soil concrete using soil, and the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength is In the case of 1/6 to 1/7, but in the case of soil concrete, 1/4 to 1/5, which indicates that the flexural toughness of the soil is improved.

In addition, as a result of measuring the relative dynamic modulus in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in order to measure the resistance to freezing thaw, it can be seen that there is a significant difference in 200 or more freeze-thawing cycles, which means that the blast furnace slag as a binder and It is believed to be due to the improvement of watertightness of soil concrete and the stability against freeze-thawing of soil material by the action of fly ash and powder waterproofing material.

In order to measure the effect on the improvement of watertightness according to the use of binders and mixtures (Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 2), the chlorine ion permeation test was carried out. Compared to this, it is only about 15%, and the result of the improvement of watertightness increases the resistance to physical and chemical erosion of soil concrete structures, so that the durability and vegetation, such as inhibition of plant growth, whitening phenomenon, etc. Not only can the remarkably improve the detrimental factors, but also the effect of improving the strength and resistance to freezing and thawing was found.

In addition, since the bleeding phenomenon that may occur when soil concrete is poured may act as a factor to decrease the watertightness of concrete by making voids in the concrete, and as a result of measuring the bleeding amount of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 2 It can be seen that the amount of bleeding of the soil concrete using the binder and the mixture is significantly reduced compared to the cement concrete of the cement concrete. Could.

In the measurement results of permeability coefficient and continuous porosity of porous soil concrete, only the measured results using viscous sandy soils showed a significant decrease, which was attributed to the particle size distribution and physical properties of the soil used.

Although the present invention has been described in the above embodiments as described above, it is not necessarily limited thereto, and a general construction process that has been conventionally omitted is omitted from the description of the embodiments, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Various modifications are possible within the scope.

As is clear from the above description, according to the natural river composition method of the present invention, the seed of the plant is placed on the formwork with the vegetation hole cube installed, cured, and the porous soil concrete made of soil, single grain aggregate, etc. By germinating the vegetation and planting herbaceous plants, woody plants or natural stones in the vegetation holes, while improving the structural safety, environment, and ecological functionality, which is a problem of existing river maintenance forms, while using porous earth concrete, In addition, the vegetation plants are rooted together to create a solid natural river, which allows the materials to be weathered in the long term, allowing for resumption in the natural state, and can secure economic feasibility by reducing material and construction costs. There is a plant or natural stone suitable for the river Not only can the structure of the room be strengthened, but it can also create a more eco-friendly, high-performance natural stream, and at the same time, it can save resources and effectively utilize waste resources such as blast furnace slag and refined fly ash. To provide useful effects.

1 is a process chart of the natural river composition method according to the present invention.

Claims (6)

In the natural river composition method, After compacting the ground of the river side, the step of installing a nonwoven fabric on the ground (S1); Assembling and installing formwork having a predetermined size on top of the installed nonwoven fabric (S2); Installing a vegetation hole cube of a predetermined size on all or part of the installed formwork (S3); Preparing a binder by mixing 65 to 95% by weight of cement and 5 to 35% by weight of blast-furnace slag or ash fly ash (S4); Preparing porous earth concrete by mixing 3 to 20% by weight of the prepared binder with 40 to 90% by weight of single grain aggregate, 3 to 20% by weight of soil, 1 to 10% by weight of quicklime or slaked lime and 3 to 10% by weight of water ( S5); Pouring the prepared concrete directly into the formwork and curing step (S6); Mixing vegetation plant seeds and root germination promoters at a predetermined ratio on top of the cured soil concrete to spray and germinate directly by the seed spray method (S7); Planting or installing a natural stream, characterized in that it comprises a step (S8) planting or installing a herbaceous plant, a tree plant or a natural stone in the vegetation hall. The method of claim 1, wherein the formwork is made of any one of wood, steel, FVC, FRP, acrylic, styropol, stone, block, brick, and soil. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the single-grained aggregate used in the manufacturing of the soil concrete (S5) is a natural stream composition method, characterized in that the recycled aggregate. delete The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (S5) of manufacturing the porous earth concrete, the porous earth large concrete is 3.00 to 20.00% by weight of the prepared binder 37.50 to 89.87% by weight granules, 3.00 to 20.00% by weight, quicklime or slaked lime 1.00 to 10.00% by weight, 0.03 to 1.50% by weight of the powder waterproofing material, 0.10 to 1.00% by weight of the fluidized admixture, and 3.00 to 10.00% by weight of water.