KR100493666B1 - High Strength Aluminum Alloy Material for Automobile Wheels - Google Patents

High Strength Aluminum Alloy Material for Automobile Wheels Download PDF

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KR100493666B1
KR100493666B1 KR10-1998-0063418A KR19980063418A KR100493666B1 KR 100493666 B1 KR100493666 B1 KR 100493666B1 KR 19980063418 A KR19980063418 A KR 19980063418A KR 100493666 B1 KR100493666 B1 KR 100493666B1
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aluminum alloy
strength
weight
automobile wheels
high strength
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KR10-1998-0063418A
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KR20000046701A (en
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이재훈
최영진
박병삼
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한국타이어 주식회사
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

본 발명은 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 Si 5 내지 9 중량%, Mg 0.7 내지 1.2중량%, Sr 0.005 내지 0.025중량%, Ti 0.1 내지 0.2중량%, 및 나머지는 알루미늄으로 이루어진 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels, more specifically Si 5 to 9% by weight, Mg 0.7 to 1.2% by weight, Sr 0.005 to 0.025% by weight, Ti 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, and the rest of the aluminum It relates to a high strength aluminum alloy for automobile wheels made.

본 발명에 의하면, 주조성이 우수하고, 강도가 높으며 스피닝에 의해 재료의 신률을 향상시켜 고강도와 고인성을 갖는 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재를 제공할 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-strength aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels having excellent castability, high strength, and improving elongation of the material by spinning to have high strength and high toughness.

Description

자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재High strength aluminum alloy material for automotive wheel

본 발명은 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 Si 5 내지 9 중량%, Mg 0.7 내지 1.2중량%, Sr 0.005 내지 0.025중량%, Ti 0.1 내지 0.2중량%, 및 나머지는 알루미늄으로 이루어짐으로써 주조성이 우수하고, 강도가 높으며 스피닝(spinning)에 의해 재료의 신률을 향상시켜 고강도와 고인성을 갖는 자동차 휠용 알루미늄 합금 소재에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels, more specifically Si 5 to 9% by weight, Mg 0.7 to 1.2% by weight, Sr 0.005 to 0.025% by weight, Ti 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, and the rest of the aluminum The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels having excellent castability, high strength, and improving elongation of materials by spinning, thereby having high strength and high toughness.

알루미늄 합금 소재는 크게 주조생산에 적합한 주조용 합금과 압연 및 단조 등의 생산방법에 적합한 가공용 합금으로 나누어지고 있다.Aluminum alloy materials are largely divided into casting alloys suitable for casting production and processing alloys suitable for production methods such as rolling and forging.

주조용 합금은 복잡한 형상의 제품을 니어 네트(near net) 형으로 만들어야 하기 때문에 용탕의 주조성이 우수하여야 하며, 가공에 의한 강화 효과가 없기 때문에 Mg, Cu, Zn등의 석출 강화 원소를 첨가하고 이를 이용하여 미세한 금속간 화합물을 석출시킴으로 강도향상을 도모하고 있다. 그러나, 강도 향상을 위해 첨가한 합금 원소는 신률의 현저한 저하를 초래하게 되어 인성을 저해하는 요인으로 작용하기 때문에 첨가량에 제한을 두고 있다. 따라서 주조방법에 의해 고강도, 고인성의 제품을 생산하기 위해서는 한계가 있다. Casting alloy has to make the product of complex shape into near net type, so it must be excellent in castability of molten metal, and because there is no reinforcing effect by processing, precipitation precipitation elements such as Mg, Cu, and Zn are added. By using this, fine intermetallic compounds are precipitated to improve the strength. However, the alloying element added for improving the strength causes a significant decrease in elongation and acts as a factor that inhibits toughness. Therefore, there is a limit to produce a high strength, high toughness product by the casting method.

한편, 가공용 합금은 압연 및 단조와 같은 생산 방법에 사용되며, 심한 소성변형에 견딜 수 있는 합금이다. 이 합금은 심한 소성 변형에 기인한 미세 조직 변화와 재료 내부의 주조 결함 감소로 기계적 특성이 우수하다. 그러나 제품의 형상에 많은 제약을 받기 때문에 주로 형상이 단순한 제품의 생산에 사용되고 있다. 또한, 성형 과정시 입계에 편석됨으로서 재료의 입계취성파괴를 일으키는 Si과 같은 합금 원소는 재료의 가공성을 저해하기 때문에 첨가량에 제한을 두게 된다.On the other hand, processing alloys are used in production methods such as rolling and forging, and are alloys that can withstand severe plastic deformation. This alloy has excellent mechanical properties due to microstructure changes due to severe plastic deformation and reduced casting defects inside the material. However, since the shape of the product is subject to many restrictions, it is mainly used for the production of simple products. In addition, alloying elements such as Si, which are segregated at grain boundaries during the molding process, cause grain brittle fracture of the material, which impairs the workability of the material, thereby limiting the addition amount.

최근에는 자동차용 휠과 같이 복잡한 형상의 제품을 주조생산 방법과 압연 및 단조에 의한 생산 방법의 장점을 취하여 보다 경량화 할 수 있는 우수한 제품을 만들기 위해 이 방법들의 복합 공정에 의한 제조 방법이 개발되고 있다. 이와 같은 제조 방법 중에서 주조 방법을 통해 제품의 예비 성형품을 만들고 이를 약 55%의 가공도를 가지도록 스피닝하여 완전한 제품을 생산하는 방법이 있다. 이와 같은 복합 생산 공정에 적합한 합금으로는 우선 주조성이 우수하여야 하며, 스피닝성도 우수하여야 한다.Recently, in order to make an excellent product that can be made lighter by taking advantage of casting production method and rolling and forging production method of complex shape products such as automobile wheel, manufacturing method by complex process of these methods has been developed. . Among such manufacturing methods, there is a method of producing a complete product by making a preform of the product through a casting method and spinning it to have a workability of about 55%. As an alloy suitable for such a complex production process, the castability should be excellent and the spinning property should be excellent.

본 발명은 이러한 주조 및 스피닝 복합 공정으로 제조되는 자동차 휠에 적합한 고강도·고인성의 알루미늄 합금 소재를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a high strength, high toughness aluminum alloy material suitable for automobile wheels manufactured by such a casting and spinning composite process.

본 발명은 Si 5 내지 9 중량%, Mg 0.7 내지 1.2중량%, Sr 0.005 내지 0.025중량%, Ti 0.1 내지 0.2중량%, 및 나머지는 알루미늄으로 이루어진 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재인 것이다.The present invention is a high-strength aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels made of aluminum 5 to 9% by weight, Mg 0.7 to 1.2% by weight, Sr 0.005 to 0.025% by weight, Ti 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, and the rest.

이하, 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

합금 내에 첨가하는 원소 중에서 Si은 주조성을 향상시키기 위해 첨가하며, 5 내지 9 중량% 범위로 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다. 9 중량%를 초과할 경우에는 제품내부에 균열이 발생한다.Of the elements added in the alloy, Si is added to improve castability, and is preferably added in the range of 5 to 9% by weight. If it exceeds 9% by weight, cracks are generated in the product.

Mg는 강도향상을 위해 첨가되는데, 0.7 내지 1.2중량%로 첨가되는 것이 바람직하다. 이 범위는 강도 향상을 위한 방법으로 석출강화 원소 중에서 미량 첨가로 Si과의 금속간 화합물을 형성하여 강도 향상에 큰 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 Mg 함량을 변화시켜 가장 강도가 향상될 수 있는 합금 조성을 조사한 결과로 얻어진 것이다.Mg is added to improve the strength, it is preferably added at 0.7 to 1.2% by weight. This range is to improve the strength by forming an intermetallic compound with Si by the addition of a small amount of precipitate strengthening element as a method for improving the strength by changing the Mg content which can have a great effect on the strength improvement of the alloy composition that can improve the strength as a result It is obtained by.

기존의 주조 방법으로는 Mg 첨가량을 증가시킬 때 강도의 향상을 얻을 수는 있지만 신률이 저하되어 고인성의 재질을 얻기에는 어려움이 있었다. 그러나, 복합제조 공정을 통해 제품을 생산하는 경우 스피닝에 의해 강도의 감소 없이 신률이 증가하는 효과를 얻을 수 있기 때문에 고강도이면서 고인성을 가지는 합금 소재를 제조할 수 있다.In the existing casting method, when the Mg addition amount is increased, the strength can be improved, but the elongation is lowered, so that it is difficult to obtain a material with high toughness. However, when the product is produced through the composite manufacturing process, it is possible to obtain an alloy material having high strength and high toughness because the elongation can be increased without decreasing the strength by spinning.

본 발명에서는, 공정 조직의 미세화 효과를 주기 위해 Sr을 0.005 내지 0.025중량% 첨가하였으며, 결정립 미세화 효과를 주기 위해 Ti를 0.1 내지 0.2중량% 첨가한다. Fe는 주요 불순 원소로서 0.15 중량% 이내로 함유되는 것이 좋으며, 알루미늄 합금 주조물의 기계적 특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 Fe 함량의 제어가 필수적이라 할 수 있다.In the present invention, 0.005 to 0.025% by weight of Sr is added to give a finer effect of the process structure, and 0.1 to 0.2% by weight of Ti is added to give a grain refining effect. Fe is preferably contained within 0.15% by weight as a major impurity element, it can be said that the control of the Fe content is essential to improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy casting.

본 발명에 의하면, 자동차 휠의 주조 공법은 조립된 금형의 용탕 주입구를 통해서 용융된 알루미늄 합금을 주입하여 성형하는 통상의 다이캐스팅 공법으로 실시하고, 스피닝에 의한 성형방법은 2개 이상의 소형 롤러가 림 부분의 형상대로 맨드릴 위를 순차적으로 지나가면서 성형하는 통상의 방법을 사용한다.According to the present invention, the casting method of the automobile wheel is carried out by a conventional die casting method of injecting and molding a molten aluminum alloy through the molten metal injection hole of the assembled mold, the forming method by spinning is two or more small rollers rim portion The conventional method of molding while passing sequentially over the mandrel in the shape of is used.

이하, 본 발명을 실시예에 의거하여 더욱 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같으며, 본 발명은 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

실시예Example

본 발명 기술의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 자동차용 휠에 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 주조용 합금인 A356 합금과, 서로 다른 Mg함량과 Si함량을 가지는 AM계 및 SAM계 합금을 비교하였다.In order to examine the effects of the present invention, the alloy A356, which is the most widely used casting alloy, is currently used in automobile wheels, and AM-based and SAM-based alloys having different Mg contents and Si contents were compared.

A356 합금과 AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 성분 분석 결과는 표 1에 나타내었다.Table 1 shows the results of component analysis of the A356 alloy and the AM and SAM alloys.

AM계 및 SAM계 합금에도 공정 조직의 미세화 효과를 주기 위해 Sr을 첨가하였으며, 결정립 미세화 효과를 주기 위해 Ti을 첨가하였다. 또한, 주요 불순 원소인 Fe의 함량은 0.15% 이내로 하였다.Sr was added to the AM-based and SAM-based alloys to give a microstructure effect of the process structure, and Ti was added to give a grain refinement effect. In addition, the content of Fe which is a major impurity element was made into 0.15% or less.

A356 합금과 AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 기계적 특성을 표 2에 나타내었다.Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the A356 alloy and the AM and SAM alloys.

AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 경우 주조 공정 제품 및 복합 제조 공정 제품의 기계적 특성을 나타내었다.In the case of the AM-based and SAM-based alloys, the mechanical properties of the casting process products and the composite manufacturing process products are shown.

열처리 조건은 535℃에서 6시간 용체화 처리 후 180℃에서 3시간 시효 처리하였다.Heat treatment conditions were 6 hours solution treatment at 535 ℃, and aged for 3 hours at 180 ℃.

[표 1]TABLE 1

A356 합금과 AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 주요 성분 비교(중량%)Comparison of Major Components of A356 Alloy with AM and SAM Alloys (wt%)

[표 2]TABLE 2

A356 합금과 AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 기계적 특성 비교Comparison of Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy and AM and SAM Alloys

표 2에서 보는 바와 같이 AM계 및 SAM계 합금의 주조공정에 의한 제품제조시 신률이 3.8% 이하이지만, 복합제조공정을 통한 제품제조시에는 주조공정에 의한 제품 생산시보다 강도의 저하는 거의 없이 신률이 4.6%이상이 되어 인성이 향상되었다. 이 중에서 SAM계 합금은 신률이 4.6% 내지 6.6%로 인성 향상 폭이 비교적 적었으며, AM계 합금의 경우 6.9% 내지 8.7%로 인성이 크게 향상되었다. 또한, 복합제조 공정에 의한 자동차용 휠 제조시 AM계 및 SAM계 합금을 A356 합금과 비교하여서, 인장 강도는 약 9%이상, 항복 강도는 약 20%이상 증가하였다.As shown in Table 2, the elongation at the time of manufacturing the product by the casting process of AM and SAM alloys is 3.8% or less.However, when manufacturing the product through the composite manufacturing process, there is almost no decrease in strength than when producing the product by the casting process. The elongation is over 4.6%, improving toughness. Among them, the SAM-based alloy had a relatively small increase in toughness of 4.6% to 6.6%, and the toughness was greatly improved to 6.9% to 8.7% in the AM-based alloy. In addition, compared with AM-based alloys and AM-based alloys in the manufacture of automobile wheels by the composite manufacturing process, tensile strength increased by about 9% or more and yield strength by about 20% or more.

본 발명의 알루미늄 합금은 주조성이 우수하고, 강도가 높으며 스피닝에 의해 재료의 신률을 향상시켜 고강도와 고인성을 가지며, 그로 인해 주조와 스피닝의 복합 공법으로 자동차 휠을 제조하는데 적합한 효과가 있다.The aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent castability, high strength, and improves the elongation of the material by spinning to have high strength and high toughness, and thus has an effect suitable for manufacturing automobile wheels by a composite method of casting and spinning.

Claims (1)

Si 5 내지 9 중량%, Mg 0.7 내지 1.2중량%, Sr 0.005 내지 0.025중량%, Ti 0.1 내지 0.2중량%, Fe 0.15중량% 미만 및 나머지는 알루미늄으로 이루어진 자동차 휠용 고강도 알루미늄 합금 소재.A high-strength aluminum alloy material for automobile wheels consisting of 5 to 9 weight percent Si, 0.7 to 1.2 weight percent Mg, 0.005 to 0.025 weight percent Sr, 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent Ti, less than 0.15 weight percent Fe and the remainder being aluminum.
KR10-1998-0063418A 1998-12-31 1998-12-31 High Strength Aluminum Alloy Material for Automobile Wheels KR100493666B1 (en)

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