KR100471097B1 - Composting method of Garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a method for producing high-quality compost economically and safely by using food microorganisms and soil microbial cultures, active corrosive substances, and active minerals (Minerals) that are correlated with the microorganisms after deciding and desalting food waste. It is about.

To this end, the present invention, when the food waste is put into the input hopper (1) by injecting the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganism culture medium in mutual symbiosis relationship with these microorganisms to minimize the generation of odor in the treatment process foreign matter sorter (4) Then, the foreign matter is separated and removed from the magnetic separator (6), and then sent to the crusher (7) for crushing treatment.

The crushed food waste is sent to the primary preliminary fermentation and storage tank (8) to suppress and soften the odor by the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms that have a mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms, and then send it to the desalination apparatus (13). NaCl) is removed.

Food wastes from which salt is removed are sent to the mineral reactor (16), reacted with the active minerals, neutralized, and then sent to a dehydrator system for dehydration.

The dehydrated food waste and active minerals are sent to the admixture 20 to mix the swelling agent and the active corrosive material and then sent to the fermentation process for fermentation and aging.

Alternatively, the mature compost is sent to the earthworm breeding facility to make fecal manure compost.

The dehydration liquid (wastewater) discharged from the dehydrator is sent to a collection tank 43 of a wastewater treatment plant.

The wastewater of the sump 43 is sent to the aeration tank 45 by the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms which are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms. After switching to the first settling tank (47) after the solid-liquid separation, the supernatant is sent to the oxidation tank (55).

The sludge settled in the primary settling tank 47 is returned to the aeration tank 45 and the sump tank 43, and some of the pumice 52 and the active corrosive material pellet 53 containing a large amount of active minerals are pelleted. The packed bioreactor 51 is sent to the built-in culture tank (50) to incubate and activate the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms in the symbiotic relationship with these microorganisms and then sent to the aeration tank (45).

At this time, in order to improve the cultivation of the activated microorganisms and the erosion reaction efficiency, the oxidation water of the oxidation tank 56 is returned to the collection tank 43 and the culture tank 50, and an oxidation-reduction-potential (ORP) value is obtained. This is maintained at +250 to +350 mV.

The primary biological treatment water introduced into the oxidizing tank 55 is injected with an oxidizing agent (H ₂ O _2, etc.) and ferrous salt (FeSO ₄ ) and sent to the neutralization tank 58 after the oxidation treatment, after the neutralization treatment, the coagulation tank 60. To the coagulation process and then to the final settling tank (62) for solid-liquid separation treatment.

The treated water from which the solids are separated in the final settling tank 62 is sent to the final treating water tank 64 and discharged.

Of particular note is that the present invention is very economical, because it can produce a good compost without secondary environmental pollution problems such as odor generation and pest breeding, such as flies, so the ripple effect is very large.

Description

Composting method of food waste {Composting method of Garbage}

According to the present invention, food waste is treated with foreign matters and desalted, and then contains a large amount of active minerals. Rhyolite or Daecite volcanic ash, Pumice, Elvanite, and Pundite ( Sensitivity, macrocrystal, calcite, zeolite, zeolite, mossnite, aragonite, phosphate, coral fossil, goto, fly ash, Powders of minerals such as quicklime, dolomite and kaolinite, vermiculite, allophane, illite, montmorillonite, chlorite, loess A mixture of clay powders such as organic matter and minerals is reacted, and then dehydrated and converted to safe corrosive substances. Fulvic acid and gold Complex (金屬 錯 ) Chelates with a self-oxidation function, catalytic function of oxidative deodorization, and macromolecular polymerization of organic materials to promote the formation of stable and non-volatile stable corrosive substances. The production of high quality, economical and safe compost using active Humic Substances containing a large amount of complexed salts of chelated and peroxyfulvic acid minerals. The above-mentioned information is about the realization of the natural purification treatment technology, the realization of the natural purification treatment technology and the food industry for the food industry. It is described in detail in the literature of microbial water treatment technology, etc., and research on livestock production (畜産 の 硏 究, 第 46 券 第 4 號 (1992 年) PP 11 to 14 and PP 47 to PP 9 9 (1993) describe the chemical composition and characteristics in detail, and the application of active corrosive materials is described in the fields of agriculture, sewage and waste water treatment, and food. Many have been announced.

Composting food waste has a number of problems, such as:

① Because of high NaCl content, it cannot be used as compost unless it is removed to a safe level.

② Due to high water content, the consumption of moisture regulator such as sawdust is high It is easy and there is no economic feasibility.

③ There are many different kinds of foreign substances in food waste.

④ Food waste is easily decayed and decayed, causing severe odors, flies, rats, etc., there is a hygiene problem.

⑤ Difficult to handle with high adhesiveness and aversive substance.

In the case of composting food waste, composting cannot be commenced unless economic and quality compost can be produced.

     Conventional techniques for food waste composting include International Patent WO2001-62404, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2001-172094, 2001-151585, 2001-104923, 2001-79528, 2001-151585, 2001-104923, 2001 -79528, 2001-10884, Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-0042724, 2001-0000109, 2000-0050572, 2000-0047701, 2000-0003741 There are a number of techniques but do not solve the above problems reasonably It is not in widespread use because it was not. In the case of the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2001-0069877 also has a large amount of swelling agent (moisture control agent), there is an economic problem that is not widely spread, and produced when composting food waste by the method of the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2001-0089934 Compost is not realized due to economic problems because of the high consumption of swelling agent caused by salt problems.

In particular, in the prior art, due to the above-mentioned problems of ① and ②, the food waste is not composted as a compost.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the contamination load of the dehydration filtrate (wastewater) by subjecting the food waste to foreign substances screening and desalination, and then reacting the mineral powder with a large amount of minerals and clay minerals, followed by dehydration treatment. It is economical to use dehydrated cake of food waste containing a large amount of minerals by using corrosive microorganism and soil (useful) microorganism culture (excessive sludge from waste water treatment process) and active corrosive material which are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms. Hygienic production of good quality compost.

Hereinafter, described in detail by the accompanying drawings as follows.

When food waste is thrown into the input hopper (1), erosion and decay are suppressed by spraying decaying microorganisms cultured in the biological treatment process of wastewater treatment and soil microbial culture solution (surplus sludge) which is mutually related to these microorganisms. Suppress it.

Corrosive microorganisms and microorganisms that ingest polyphenolic metabolites by ingesting organic substances that are easily decomposed by microorganisms such as carbohydrate compounds and simple proteins and decomposing them into simple inorganic compounds such as CO ₂ and H ₂ O; The symbiotic microorganisms inhibit the growth of these microorganisms while being antagonistic with harmful microorganisms such as odor-causing decaying and decaying microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms.

In addition, odor generating substances such as ammonia (NH ₃ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), mercaptan, indol, volatile amines, and organic acids are oxidized in the air by polyphenol compounds, which are corrosive microbial metabolites. Odor generation is suppressed because it is immobilized to a non-volatile corrosion precursor material which is insoluble in water and undergoes polycondensation reaction with the quinone compound thus produced.

Food waste sprayed with corrosive microorganisms and soil microbial cultures which are mutually related to these microorganisms is sent to the packing machine (2), and then the vinyl (Vinyl) bags are sealed, and large foreign matter is sent to the foreign material sorting machine (4). Select.

The food waste sorted with the first foreign matter is removed by the magnetic separator (6) installed on the conveyer belt conveyor (5) to remove metallic magnetic substances such as fishing needles and nails, and then sent to the crusher (7) for crushing treatment. Send to pre-fermentation and storage (8).

Food waste put into the primary pre-fermentation and storage tank (8) is subjected to primary fermentation by corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms that have mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms to soften them so that they can be operated smoothly in the odor generation suppression and desalting process. do.

Food waste of the primary fermentation and storage tank (8) is sent to the desalination unit (13) by a food waste transfer pump (12) to desalination of the salt in the food waste and then to the mineral reactor (16).

In the mineral reactor (16), rhyolite or dacite volcanic ash, ganbanite, feldspar, macrorite, calcite, zeolite, mossite, alagonite, phosphate or coral fossil containing a large amount of active minerals It contains high amounts of active minerals such as clay, powders such as kaolin, fly ash, quicklime, dolomite, kaolin, vermiculite, allophyne, ocher, illite, chlorite and montmorillonite. The powder mixed with the minerals is supplied and the organic and minerals are reacted while stirring.

When the organic material and the active mineral powder are reacted, the following reaction will occur.

When neutralized with a neutralizing agent (sulfuric acid), an organic metal salt having low solubility in water is produced.

The organic mineral salt produced in the mineral reactor 16 has a low solubility in water and reduces the dehydration resistance of the follicles in the dehydrator to improve the dehydration efficiency while lowering the concentration of organic pollutants in the dehydration filtrate (waste water).

In addition, organic mineral salts can be produced in the form of chelate organic chelates (chelate) organic mineral salts, which are useful for animal and plant growth in the fermentation aging process.

After reacting the food waste and the active mineral powder in the mineral reactor 16, it is neutralized with a neutralizing agent and sent to a dehydrator system for dehydration.

The filtrate (waste water) dehydrated in the dehydrator system is sent to the collection tank 43 of the wastewater treatment process, and the dehydration cake (Cake) is sent to the admixture 20.

In the admixture 20, surplus sludge, active corrosive substances and peat (eat peat) discharged from the wastewater treatment corresponding to the food waste and the active mineral reactant corrosive microorganisms and the soil microbial culture medium which is mutually related to these microorganisms. ), Sawdust, swelling agent (Bulking agent) such as chaff is stirred and sent to the fermentation plant (23) process.

Active corrosive substances, as described above, inhibit the growth of free chelating peroxide mineral complexes and physiologically active substances, growth promoters, decay and decaying microorganisms and harmful pathogenic microorganisms in the humus soil. It contains antibiotics and other active enzymes, and has the following characteristics.

① Free chelating fulbrate mineral complex salts facilitate the growth of animals, plants and soil microorganisms by easily supplying minerals to not only animals and plants but also soil microorganisms.

② Fulvic acid reacts with enzymes in the metabolites of soil microorganisms to produce oxidase, which is a polyphenolic metabolite excreted by corrosive microorganisms to oxidize in air to produce quinone compounds. It plays a catalytic role and thus accelerates the corrosion reaction. Therefore, when the organic material is composted, it accelerates the corrosive reaction, thereby shortening the fermentation ripening period.

③ When quinone compound production is promoted, quinone compound is non-volatile corrosive substance by polycondensation reaction with odor generating substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, volatile amine, and volatile organic acid.

④ Sanitary safe compost can be produced by activating the growth of microorganisms such as actinomycetes that produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic microorganisms, rot and decay microorganisms.

⑤ It is possible to produce high quality compost because it can produce compost with large amount of chelating organic acid mineral complex salt form material that can easily supply nutrients and minerals to soil microorganisms and plants.

Since the active corrosive substance has the characteristics as described above in the composting process, it is injected into the admixture 20 on the order of 0.0006 to 0.06%.

     In the case of severe odor or bad operating condition during the fermentation process, or during the initial operation, mixed microorganisms of corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms having mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms are mixed and mixed together. Soil organic matter (菅 有機物, 菅 野 一) regarding the types of microorganisms that have mutual symbiosis while feeding polyphenol compounds to the soil microorganisms (corrosive microorganisms) that produce corrosive substances by excreting metabolites. And three others, published by the Law Office of Sanya, and is published in numerous soil literature and articles.

In the fermentation facility 23 process, aerobic fermentation is performed while inverting with a rotary mixer 24.

High temperature fermentation is carried out at the front end of the fermentation facility 23 to 60-70 ° C., while medium and low temperature fermentation are performed during the fermentation aging process at the later stage. Since the process may not be smooth during the aging process, a part of the treated mature compost is conveyed to the rear end of the high temperature fermentation of the fermentation plant 23 process by the mature compost transport conveyor 28.

After fermentation aging is completed in the fermentation facility (23), the mature compost is stored and then separated by the final foreign matter sorter (27) and sent to the packaging process and sent to the product after packing or sent to the earthworm breeding (30) feces soil Make

Earthworm breeding phase (30) is a belt conveyor is installed in a multi-stage band (Band), when mating compost is put into the upper inlet to breed the earthworms at each stage and then mature earthworms discharged to the bottom outlet to the earthworm sorter (33) Send the mature earthworms, and send the fecal soil to the packaging process by the fecal soil transfer conveyor 35, and then shipped after packaging.

A part of the feces which separated the earthworms matured by the earthworm sorting machine 33 is conveyed to the inlet of the upper part of the earthworm breeding ground 30 for seeding by the fecal soil conveying bucket conveyor 34.

Wastewater (dehydration liquid) flowing into the collection tank 43 of the wastewater treatment plant is sent to the aeration tank 45 to be incubated in the culture tank 50 by the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms that are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms. The contaminants are converted to non-volatile corrosion precursors that are insoluble in water and then sent to the primary settling tank 47, and the supernatant is sent to the oxidation tank 55 after the solid-liquid separation.

Sludge (soil microorganisms which are mutually symbiotic with corrosive precursors and corrosive microorganisms) deposited in the primary sedimentation tank 47 is sent to the sump tank 43 and the aeration tank 45 for the species sludge, some of which have active minerals. When the aeration is sent to a culture tank 50 containing a bioreactor 51 filled with a large amount of rhyolite or daphite pumice and an active corrosive pellet 53, aerated chelate organic acid. The culture medium that is supplied with mineral complex salts and other active substances to activate the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms that are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms is sent to the aeration tank 45 so that the entire biological treatment system can mutually co-exist with the corrosive microorganisms and these microorganisms. The soil microorganisms involved convert the organic pollutants in the environment into water insoluble and nonvolatile corrosion precursors.

Since corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms which have a mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms are microorganisms having high adhesion to minerals or carriers, filling of a carrier coated with a mineral such as tourmaline can improve reaction efficiency.

In order for the corrosive reactions to occur actively while the corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms which are mutually related to these microorganisms are actively metabolized, the ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) value of +250 to +350 mV is optimal. Since it is a condition, the oxidation water of the oxidation tank 55 is returned to the collection tank 43 and the culture tank 50, and it inject | pours so that the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value may be about + 250- + 350 mV.

When the water in the primary settling tank 48 is transferred to the oxidizing tank 55, the oxidizing agent (H ₂ O ₂ ) and ferrous salt (FeSO ₄ ) are supplied to oxidize unremoved organic pollutants and melamine pigments. After the treatment is sent to the neutralization tank (58) to neutralize the treatment and then transferred to the coagulation tank (60) to form a floc (Floc) to facilitate precipitation in the final settling tank (63) and then sent to the final settling tank (63) to separate the solid The supernatant is discharged by sending it to the treatment tank (65).

Example 1

5 tons of food waste with water content of 84wt% and salt concentration of 3wt%, and then desalted the salt to 0.5wt%, and then mixed with natural rock, natural zeolite, dolomite, ocher, illite, quicklime and elvan in the same weight ratio. 200kg of the powder was stirred and stirred, neutralized by the injection of sulfuric acid, and dehydrated cake (water content 76wt%) to 4080kg, 2kg natural active corrosive substance, peat (water content 25wt%) 600kg, sawdust (water content 16wt%) Aerobic fermentation by adjusting the water content to 60wt% by mixing 1000kg, resulted in temperature (℃), C / N ratio, pH, organic matter reduction rate (%), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and corrosion degree according to composting period (days). (%) Is the same as [Fig. 11] to [Fig. 16], the properties of the compost produced at this time are as shown in Table 1.

As a result of the fertilization test (Vinyl house) cultivation of lettuce and strawberries, which are weak in salt, the above-mentioned compost is superior to the organic fertilizers composted with general livestock manure as shown in FIG. There was an excellent effect.

As described above, the present invention is expected to have a significant expected effect on the disposal of food waste without clear treatment methods up to now, since the food waste can be recycled into economical and safe high quality compost.

1 is a complete process chart composting

2 is a dehydration liquid (wastewater) treatment overall process diagram

Figure 3 is a foreign matter sorting and shredding treatment process

Figure 4 is a first pre-fermentation and storage, desalination process

5 is a mineral reaction and dehydration treatment process diagram

6 is a mixing, fermentation, final foreign matter screening process

7 is a fecal manure production process chart

8 is a packaging and product shipping process diagram

9 is a dewatering (wastewater) biological treatment process diagram

10 is an oxidation process chart

11 shows composting period (days) and temperature change

12 is a change in the composting period (day) and C / N ratio

Figure 13 shows the change in composting period (days) and pH

Fig. 14 shows changes in composting period (day) and organic matter remaining rate (%)

FIG. 15 shows changes in composting time (days) and cation exchange capacity (CEC)

Fig. 16 shows changes in the period of composting and the degree of corrosion (%).

17 is a photo of fertilizing production compost fertilization in a greenhouse cultivated lettuce

18 is a photo of fertilizing production compost fertilization in strawberry house cultivation

[Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]

1: Hopper 2: Digging

3: Conveyor 4: Foreign Material Sorter

5: Belt Conveyor 6: Magnetic Separator

7: Crusher 8: Primary prefermentation and storage tank

9: Transfer Screw Conveyor 10: Rake

11: Screw mixer 12: Food waste transfer pump

13: desalting unit 14: desalting unit screw conveyor

15: Rectifier 16: Minerals Reactor

17: Mineral Reactor Mixer 18: Transfer Screw Conveyor

19: conveying conveyor 20: admixture

21: Admixture Mixer 22: Transfer Conveyor

23: fermentation plant 24: rotary mixer

25: Shovel 26: Mature compost hopper

27: final debris sorter 28: mature compost conveying conveyor

29: mature compost conveyer 30: earthworm breeder

31: Heater 32: Blower

33: earthworm sorter 34: fecal soil conveying bucket conveyor

                                           (Bucket conveyor)

35: fecal soil transfer conveyor 36: hopper input conveyor

37: Storage Hopper 38: Vibrator

39: packing machine 40: packing compost transport conveyor

41: product loading conveyor 42: product transportation

43: sump 44: wastewater transfer pump

45: aeration tank 46: carrier

47: primary sedimentation tank 48: primary sedimentation tank Rake

49: sludge return pump 50: culture tank

51: Bio-Reactor 52: Pumice

53: pellet of active corrosive substance 54: blower

55: oxidation tank 56: oxidation water stirrer

57: oxidation water transfer pump 58: neutralization tank

59: neutralization tank stirrer 60: flocculation tank

61: flocculation tank stirrer 62: final precipitation tank

63: final settling tank rake 64: discharge sludge transfer pump

65: treatment tank

Claims (2)

When the food waste enters the input hopper 1, the surplus sludge (corrosive microorganism and soil microbial culture solution) of the wastewater treatment process is injected, and then the vinyl bag is sealed in the bagger and then transferred to the conveying conveyor (3). By sending to the foreign matter sorter (4) to separate the large foreign matter, and then sent to the crusher (7) by the transfer belt conveyor (5) to be crushed and sent to the primary pre-fermentation and storage tank (8), transfer belt conveyor (5) A magnetic separator (6) is installed on the upper part to separate and remove magnetic materials such as nails and fishing, and in the first preliminary fermentation and storage tank (8), the surplus sludge of the wastewater treatment process is injected and stirred by a screw mixer (11). While preliminary fermentation is performed to suppress soft nitriding and odor generation. At this time, foreign substances having a high specific gravity such as debris, stones, and metals of glass and porcelain are sedimented and removed to the bottom, and then to the food waste transfer pump 12. To the desalination unit (13) for desalination and then to the mineral reactor (16) for rhyolite or dacite volcanic ash, elvan, feldspar, macrorite, calcite, zeolite Mineral powders with high active minerals such as mossnite, aragonite, phosphate, coral fossil, clay, coal ash, quicklime and dolomite, kaolin, vermiculite, allophane and illite , Mixed with mixed powders of clay minerals such as Montmorillonite and chlorite, stirred with a mineral reactor mixer (17) and neutralized by adding sulfuric acid to the dehydrator system (dehydration system). Wastewater) is sent to the collection tank 43 and then to the aeration tank 45 filled with a carrier coated with minerals such as tourmaline, and the corrosive microorganisms and the microorganisms cultured and activated in the culture tank 50 Soil microorganisms in symbiosis convert organic pollutants in water into insoluble and nonvolatile corrosion precursors in water, and then send them to the primary settling tank (47). After the solid-liquid separation, the supernatant is sent to the oxidizing tank (55). Sludge precipitated in the primary sedimentation tank 47 is returned to the sump tank 43 and the aeration tank 45, and some of them are rhyolite or daphite pumice and active corrosive material containing a large amount of active minerals. When the aerated bioreactor 51 filled with pellets 53 is sent to the incubation tank 50 with a built-in aeration, chelated organic acid mineral complex salts and other active substances are supplied to corrode microorganisms and these microorganisms, which are in mutual symbiosis with each other. The culture medium in which the soil microorganisms are activated is sent to the aeration tank (45), and the surplus sludge is sent to the input hopper (1), the first preliminary fermentation and storage tank (8), the mineral reactor (16), and the primary settling tank (48). When the water is transferred to the oxidation tank 55, acid By supplying H ₂ O ₂ and ferrous salt (FeSO ₄ ) to oxidize unremoved organic contaminants and melamine pigments, a part of the oxidized water is collected into the sump (43) and the culture tank (50). It is returned and fed to the neutralization tank 58 while supplying the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value of about +250 to +350 mV. After neutralization treatment, it is transferred to the coagulation tank 60 to facilitate precipitation in the final settling tank 63. After forming (Floc) and sent to the final settling tank (63) to separate the solid-liquid, the supernatant is sent to the treatment tank (65) and discharged, the dewatering cake (Cake) is sent to the admixture (20) to the active corrosion material and peat (Bulking agent) such as peat, rice hulls, sawdust, and the like, and stirred and mixed by the mixer mixer 21 are sent to the fermentation plant 23, and then inverted by a rotary mixer 24. The fermentation ripening is completed while conveying the compost to the rear end of the high temperature fermentation part of the fermentation facility (23). Rain how to compost food waste by composting process to commercialize the following packaging sent to the storage facility. delete