CN111423888A - Saline-alkali soil improver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improver and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111423888A CN111423888A CN202010309181.1A CN202010309181A CN111423888A CN 111423888 A CN111423888 A CN 111423888A CN 202010309181 A CN202010309181 A CN 202010309181A CN 111423888 A CN111423888 A CN 111423888A
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil improver which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant dead leaf compost, 20-40 parts of granular illite, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry, 8-15 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20-35 parts of diatomite, 25-40 parts of a water retention agent and 55-70 parts of water. The saline-alkali soil modifier is applied, the microbial environment of the soil and a recycling system of nutrient substances and water are adjusted, the planting condition of the soil is fundamentally improved, the modifier is used for improving the soil, the biogas slurry and the fly ash which pollute the environment are effectively consumed, the waste is changed into valuable, the planting condition of the soil is improved, and great economic benefit and social benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and relates to a saline-alkali soil improver and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, along with the construction and development of cities, landscaping construction businesses are greatly developed, plant varieties are gradually diversified, however, environmental factors have large influence on plants, soil is used as a necessary substance for plant growth, the influence on the survival and growth of introduced plants is not negligible, soil improvement is a process of improving soil properties, soil fertility, crop yield and human living soil environment by adopting corresponding physical, biological or chemical measures aiming at the poor texture and structure of soil, and soil conditioners are mainly used for improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and enabling the soil conditioners to be more suitable for plant growth.
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive.
At present, the measures for treating the saline-alkali soil comprise four measures of biology, physics, chemistry and water conservancy, wherein chemical improvement is an effective measure for treating the severe saline-alkali soil, and the research of the conventional soil improvement agent is focused on developing a novel multifunctional improvement agent by taking a natural improvement agent (particularly industrial and agricultural wastes) as a raw material, but the improvement effect is poor when the single waste is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, and other negative effects can be brought if the natural improvement agent is applied in a large quantity. For example: the biogas slurry produced by anaerobic fermentation of livestock manure and other pasture and farm waste not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements which are easy to be absorbed by plants, but also contains various microbial populations capable of improving soil planting conditions. However, the simple use of biogas slurry for soil improvement has the following disadvantages: the nutrient concentration is low, and the fertility cost is obviously higher than that of a chemical fertilizer; chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is too high and does not meet the national emission standard; the smell is unpleasant, mosquitoes can grow when the mosquito repellent is used in a large area, and the environment is polluted; the independent use of the biogas slurry does not basically affect the reduction of the alkalization degree and the volume weight of the soil.
Therefore, the development of a saline-alkali soil modifier which is low in cost, environment-friendly and obvious in saline-alkali soil modifying effect is a problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improver and a preparation method thereof. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improver which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant dead leaf compost, 20-40 parts of granular illite, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry, 8-15 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20-35 parts of diatomite, 25-40 parts of a water retention agent and 55-70 parts of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil conditioner adopts the plant dead leaf compost humus to improve the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil, simultaneously increases the organic matter content of the soil, can form a firm water-retaining layer on the surface of the soil by a water-retaining effect substance to improve the water-retaining effect, and can improve the water-retaining capacity of the soil by matching with the granular illite, thereby improving the saline-alkali soil, being suitable for the long-term growth of plants, realizing that the conditioner supports the growth of the plants and reversely feeds the plants to the saline-alkali soil, and achieving the long-term effect of treating the saline-alkali soil. The invention combines the biogas slurry and the fly ash according to reasonable proportion, increases reasonable consumption of waste biogas slurry and fly ash, thereby reducing the pressure of the biogas slurry and the fly ash on the environment, increasing the nutrient density of the saline-alkali soil conditioner to a certain extent, enriching the types of nutrient components, basically eliminating the peculiar smell of the biogas slurry due to the adsorption effect of the fly ash, solving the problem of breeding of mosquitoes, regulating the microbial environment of the soil and a recycling system of nutrient substances and water by applying the saline-alkali soil conditioner, fundamentally improving the planting condition of the soil, effectively consuming the biogas slurry and the fly ash polluting the environment by adopting the soil conditioner, changing waste into valuable, improving the planting condition of the soil and having great economic benefit and social benefit.
Further, the plant dead leaf compost organisms are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 parts of dead leaves of plants.
Further, the water-retaining function substance is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of carbomer, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 6-8 parts of plant ash and 70-80 parts of water.
Further, the granular illite has a diameter of 1 to 2 cm.
Furthermore, the content of the biogas residue suspended matters in the biogas slurry is more than or equal to 10 percent, wherein the total nitrogen content is 0.03 to 0.08 percent, the total phosphorus content is 0.02 to 0.07 percent, and the total potassium content is 0.05 to 1.4 percent.
Further, the granularity of the fly ash is 200-220 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the plant dead leaf compost, the granular illite, the biogas slurry, the fly ash, the zinc sulfate, the ammonium nitrate, the diatomite, the water retention agent and the water according to the weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Further, the preparation method of the plant dead leaf compost comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dead leaves of the plants, and sieving the crushed dead leaves with a sieve of 110-120 meshes to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 58-85 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining the plant dead-leaf compost after 3-5 times of turning.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
1) weighing carbomer and the first part of water, mixing and stirring, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer solution;
2) mixing citric acid and the rest water to obtain citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain the water-retaining effect substance.
Further, the mass ratio of the first part of water to the rest part of water is 20-25: 45-60.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production and application.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described in conjunction with the following embodiments, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
preparing a plant dead leaf compost:
(1) weighing 2 kg of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 kg of plant dead leaves, crushing the plant dead leaves, and sieving the crushed plant dead leaves by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 85 ℃, turning the reactor core, and obtaining plant dead leaf compost after 5 times of turning;
preparing a water retention substrate:
1) weighing 2 kg of carbomer, 3 kg of citric acid and 8 kg of plant ash, mixing and stirring the carbomer and 25 kg of water, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer liquid;
2) mixing citric acid and 60 kg of water to prepare a citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and the citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain a water-retaining effect substance;
weighing 40 kg of plant dead leaf compost, 40 kg of granular illite with the diameter of 1-2cm, 10 kg of biogas slurry with the suspended matter content of 15%, 15 kg of fly ash with the granularity of 220 meshes and the water content of 3%, 20 kg of zinc sulfate, 15 kg of ammonium nitrate, 35 kg of diatomite, 40 kg of water retention agent and 70 kg of water, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Example 2
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
preparing a plant dead leaf compost:
(1) weighing 1.8 kg of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 kg of plant dead leaves, crushing the plant dead leaves, and sieving the crushed plant dead leaves with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 80 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining plant dead leaf compost after 5 times of turning;
preparing a water retention substrate:
1) weighing 1.8 kg of carbomer, 2.8 kg of citric acid and 8 kg of plant ash, mixing and stirring carbomer and 24 kg of water, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer liquid;
2) mixing citric acid and 58 kg of water to prepare a citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and the citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain a water-retaining effect substance;
weighing 35 kg of plant dead leaf compost, 35 kg of granular illite with the diameter of 2cm, 8 kg of biogas slurry with the suspended matter content of 14%, 14 kg of fly ash with the granularity of 220 meshes and the water content of 3%, 18 kg of zinc sulfate, 14 kg of ammonium nitrate, 33 kg of diatomite, 38 kg of water retention function substance and 65 kg of water, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Example 3
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
preparing a plant dead leaf compost:
(1) weighing 1.5 kg of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 kg of plant dead leaves, crushing the plant dead leaves, and sieving the crushed plant dead leaves with a 115-mesh sieve to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 70 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining plant dead-leaf compost after 4 times of turning;
preparing a water retention substrate:
1) weighing 1.5 kg of carbomer, 2.5 kg of citric acid and 7 kg of plant ash, mixing and stirring carbomer and 23 kg of water, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer liquid;
2) mixing citric acid and 50 kg of water to prepare a citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and the citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain a water-retaining effect substance;
weighing 32 kg of plant dead leaf compost, 30 kg of granular illite with the diameter of 2cm, 8 kg of biogas slurry with the suspended matter content of 1310%, 11 kg of fly ash with the granularity of 210 meshes and the water content of 2%, 18 kg of zinc sulfate, 13 kg of ammonium nitrate, 28 kg of diatomite, 32 kg of water-retaining agent and 60 kg of water, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Example 4
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
preparing a plant dead leaf compost:
(1) weighing 1.2 kg of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 kg of plant dead leaves, crushing the plant dead leaves, and sieving the crushed plant dead leaves by a 110-mesh sieve to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 65 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining plant dead leaf compost after 3 times of turning;
preparing a water retention substrate:
1) weighing 1.2 kg of carbomer, 2.2 kg of citric acid and 6 kg of plant ash, mixing and stirring carbomer and 21 kg of water, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer liquid;
2) mixing citric acid and 48 kg of water to prepare a citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and the citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain a water-retaining effect substance;
weighing 30 kg of plant dead leaf compost, 25 kg of granular illite with the diameter of 1cm, 6 kg of biogas slurry with the suspended matter content of 11%, 9 kg of fly ash with the granularity of 200 meshes and the water content of 3%, 17 kg of zinc sulfate, 11 kg of ammonium nitrate, 22 kg of diatomite, 28 kg of water retention function substance and 60 kg of water, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Example 5
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
preparing a plant dead leaf compost:
(1) weighing 1 kg of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 kg of plant dead leaves, crushing the plant dead leaves, and sieving the crushed plant dead leaves by a sieve of 110 meshes to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 58 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining plant dead-leaf compost after 3 times of turning;
preparing a water retention substrate:
1) weighing 1 kg of carbomer, 2 kg of citric acid and 6 kg of plant ash, mixing and stirring the carbomer and 20 kg of water, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer liquid;
2) mixing citric acid and 45 kg of water to prepare a citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and the citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain a water-retaining effect substance;
weighing 25 kg of plant dead leaf compost, 20 kg of granular illite with the diameter of 1cm, 5 kg of biogas slurry with the suspended matter content of 10%, 8 kg of fly ash with the granularity of 200 meshes and the water content of 1%, 15 kg of zinc sulfate, 10 kg of ammonium nitrate, 20 kg of diatomite, 25 kg of water retention function substance and 55 kg of water, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier.
Effect test
Comparative example 1 was set up, and the technical scheme was the same as example 5 except that no plant dead leaf compost was added.
Comparative example 2 was set up, and the same technical solution as in example 5 was used, except that no water-retaining agent was added.
The comparative example 3 was set up, and the other technical scheme was the same as in example 5 except that no biogas slurry or fly ash was added.
The saline-alkali soil conditioners obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 are tested according to the GB/T8576 and NY/T1973 standards, and the test results are shown in the table 1;
TABLE 1 results of Performance test of soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention can effectively improve the water retention effect, adjust the pH of the soil, improve the planting conditions of the soil and reduce the salinization of the soil, and each raw material is deficient.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and as broadly as possible, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The saline-alkali soil improver is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant dead leaf compost, 20-40 parts of granular illite, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry, 8-15 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20-35 parts of diatomite, 25-40 parts of a water retention agent and 55-70 parts of water.
2. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the plant dead leaf compost organisms are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of bacterial manure leavening agent and 800 parts of dead leaves of plants.
3. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the water-retention agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of carbomer, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 6-8 parts of plant ash and 70-80 parts of water.
4. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the granular illite has a diameter of 1-2 cm.
5. The saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of suspended substances in biogas residues in the biogas slurry is more than or equal to 10%, wherein the content of total nitrogen is 0.03% -0.08%, the content of total phosphorus is 0.02% -0.07%, and the content of total potassium is 0.05% -1.4%.
6. The saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the fly ash is 200-220 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 3%.
7. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver is characterized by comprising the following steps:
weighing the plant dead leaf compost, the granular illite, the biogas slurry, the fly ash, the zinc sulfate, the ammonium nitrate, the diatomite, the water retention agent and water according to the parts by weight of any one of claims 1 to 6, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the saline-alkali soil improver.
8. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the plant dead leaf compost comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dead leaves of the plants, and sieving the crushed dead leaves with a sieve of 110-120 meshes to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) fully mixing the composting raw material with a biological bacterial manure leavening agent and piling the composting raw material into a pile;
(3) when the temperature of the reactor core reaches 58-85 ℃, turning the reactor, and obtaining the plant dead-leaf compost after 3-5 times of turning.
9. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the water-retention agent comprises the following steps:
1) weighing carbomer and the first part of water, mixing and stirring, standing at room temperature for swelling, and stirring to obtain carbomer solution;
2) mixing citric acid and the rest water to obtain citric acid solution, mixing plant ash and citric acid solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain dispersion;
3) mixing the carbomer liquid prepared in the step 1) and the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 2), and shearing and dispersing to obtain the water-retaining effect substance.
10. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the first part of water to the rest part of water is 20-25: 45-60.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100471097B1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-02-23 | 서희동 | Composting method of Garbage |
| CN108690631A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-23 | 承德人和矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner |
-
2020
- 2020-04-16 CN CN202010309181.1A patent/CN111423888A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100471097B1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-02-23 | 서희동 | Composting method of Garbage |
| CN108690631A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-23 | 承德人和矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 季志平 等: "《毛乌素沙区无灌溉植被恢复技术》", 30 September 2010, 西北农林科技大学出版社 * |
| 王正银: "《肥料研制与加工》", 31 December 2015, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
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