KR100264298B1 - 표면-개질된 안료 - Google Patents

표면-개질된 안료 Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100264298B1
KR100264298B1 KR1019930003555A KR930003555A KR100264298B1 KR 100264298 B1 KR100264298 B1 KR 100264298B1 KR 1019930003555 A KR1019930003555 A KR 1019930003555A KR 930003555 A KR930003555 A KR 930003555A KR 100264298 B1 KR100264298 B1 KR 100264298B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
pigment
water
pigments
recoated
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
KR1019930003555A
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR930019777A (ko
Inventor
헤르게트 게르하르트
헤르브스키 마르가레테
오스터리트 칼
Original Assignee
플레믹 크리스티안
메르크 파텐트 게엠베하
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Publication of KR930019777A publication Critical patent/KR930019777A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR100264298B1 publication Critical patent/KR100264298B1/ko
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0024—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C09C3/063—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
    • C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1004—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/102—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1054—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal
    • C09C2200/1058—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal comprising a protective coating on the metallic layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1087—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of bismuth oxychloride, magnesium fluoride, nitrides, carbides, borides, lead carbonate, barium or calcium sulfate, zinc sulphide, molybdenum disulphide or graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/40—Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating
    • C09C2200/401—Inorganic protective coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C09C2220/103—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation comprising a drying or calcination step after applying each layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C09C2220/106—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation comprising only a drying or calcination step of the finally coated pigment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
KR1019930003555A 1992-03-11 1993-03-10 표면-개질된 안료 Expired - Fee Related KR100264298B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4207723.0 1992-03-11
DE4207723A DE4207723A1 (de) 1992-03-11 1992-03-11 Oberflaechenmodifizierte pigmente

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR930019777A KR930019777A (ko) 1993-10-18
KR100264298B1 true KR100264298B1 (ko) 2000-09-01

Family

ID=6453782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1019930003555A Expired - Fee Related KR100264298B1 (ko) 1992-03-11 1993-03-10 표면-개질된 안료

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5468289A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0560144B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JPH06136284A (enExample)
KR (1) KR100264298B1 (enExample)
CZ (1) CZ376792A3 (enExample)
DE (2) DE4207723A1 (enExample)
FI (1) FI931072L (enExample)
MX (1) MX9301315A (enExample)
TW (1) TW235973B (enExample)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5376698A (en) * 1993-09-21 1994-12-27 The Mearl Corporation Polyolefin compositions containing coated mica particles to prevent yellowing and methods therefore
CA2155957C (en) * 1993-12-13 2004-06-01 Haruo Okuda Ultrafine iron-containing rutile titanium oxide and process for producing the same
ATE173001T1 (de) * 1993-12-23 1998-11-15 Basf Corp Optisch veränderliches pigment enthaltende überzugsmasse
JP3542388B2 (ja) * 1994-10-11 2004-07-14 株式会社資生堂 低次酸化チタン含有顔料及びその製造方法
US5837050A (en) * 1995-08-11 1998-11-17 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Ultrafine iron-containing rutile titanium oxide and process for producing the same
JP4557193B2 (ja) * 1999-10-05 2010-10-06 メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 高配向性薄片状顔料およびその製造方法
JP4278813B2 (ja) * 2000-02-10 2009-06-17 メルク株式会社 新規な表面変性パール顔料及びその製造方法
JP2003003089A (ja) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-08 Kao Corp 被覆粉体
US6881251B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-04-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Inkjet ink composition, method for manufacturing the inkjet ink composition and image forming method using the inkjet ink composition
MXPA05002380A (es) * 2002-10-09 2005-05-27 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Metodo para colorear materiales portadores.
US7699927B2 (en) 2004-08-26 2010-04-20 Eckart Gmbh SiO2 coated pearlescent pigments
US7413599B2 (en) 2004-08-26 2008-08-19 Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg Coated pearlescent pigments with SiO2 and cerium oxide
US7964178B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-06-21 Sensient Colors Incorporated Modified colorants and uses of the same
DE102006009130A1 (de) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg Wetterstabile Perlglanzpigmente auf Basis dünner Glasplättchen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE102006009129A1 (de) 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Eckart Gmbh & Co.Kg Wetterstabile Perlglanzpigmente mit Nachbeschichtung enthaltend α-Silane und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2008068152A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-12 Ciba Holding Inc. Surface-modified (effect) pigments
WO2008083894A2 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Ciba Holding Inc. Pigment mixtures
JP5455501B2 (ja) * 2009-08-07 2014-03-26 日揮触媒化成株式会社 コアシェル型複合酸化物微粒子の分散液および該分散液の製造方法、該コアシェル型複合酸化物微粒子を含む塗料組成物、硬化性塗膜および硬化性塗膜付き基材
KR102246324B1 (ko) * 2014-03-31 2021-04-29 스미토모 오사카 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 산화 규소 피복 산화 아연과 그 제조 방법 및 산화 규소 피복 산화 아연 함유 조성물과 화장료
CN116769328A (zh) * 2023-06-21 2023-09-19 浙江凯色丽科技发展有限公司 一种仿胭脂虫红相无机珠光颜料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087829A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 Du Pont Micaceous pigment composition
FR1326901A (fr) * 1961-06-28 1963-05-10 Du Pont Nouvelles compositions de pigments
US3087828A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 Du Pont Nacreous pigment compositions
US3440075A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-04-22 Du Pont Golden flake pigments coated with silver and hydrous oxides
BE759469A (fr) * 1969-11-29 1971-05-26 Merck Patent Gmbh Pigment a brillant nacre et leurs procedes de
US3650790A (en) * 1970-02-13 1972-03-21 Du Pont Nacreous mica pigment compositions
DE3617430A1 (de) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-26 Merck Patent Gmbh Perlglanzpigmente
JPS62295979A (ja) * 1986-06-16 1987-12-23 Sunstar Giken Kk ホツトメルト型接着剤組成物
FR2605011B1 (fr) * 1986-10-10 1988-12-30 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Pigments colores, notamment pigments magnetiques, leurs procedes de preparation et leurs applications, notamment a la preparation de poudres de developpement.
JPH0643565B2 (ja) * 1986-11-21 1994-06-08 メルク・ジヤパン株式会社 耐水性真珠光沢顔料およびその製造法
DE3868089D1 (de) * 1987-03-11 1992-03-12 Tayca Corp Glimmerartige, mit titandioxid ueberzogene eisenoxidpigmente und verfahren zu deren herstellung.
JP2691400B2 (ja) * 1987-03-18 1997-12-17 テイカ 株式会社 二酸化チタン被覆酸化鉄顔料
JP2548247B2 (ja) * 1987-09-01 1996-10-30 株式会社資生堂 有色雲母チタン系材料
JPH0828877B2 (ja) * 1988-07-18 1996-03-21 富士写真フイルム株式会社 自動白バランス調整方法及び装置
US5091011A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-02-25 The Mearl Corporation Light and moisture resistant metal oxide-coated mica pigments
JPH0416854A (ja) * 1990-05-11 1992-01-21 Citizen Watch Co Ltd 電子写真用感光体
JP2739253B2 (ja) * 1990-08-22 1998-04-15 花王株式会社 化粧料

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06136284A (ja) 1994-05-17
KR930019777A (ko) 1993-10-18
FI931072A7 (fi) 1993-09-12
MX9301315A (es) 1993-09-01
FI931072A0 (fi) 1993-03-10
CZ376792A3 (en) 1994-02-16
US5468289A (en) 1995-11-21
EP0560144B1 (de) 1996-09-25
EP0560144A1 (de) 1993-09-15
TW235973B (enExample) 1994-12-11
DE59303914D1 (de) 1996-10-31
DE4207723A1 (de) 1993-09-16
FI931072L (fi) 1993-09-12

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