KR100225504B1 - Method for magnetization of permanent magnet in rare-earth system - Google Patents

Method for magnetization of permanent magnet in rare-earth system

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Publication number
KR100225504B1
KR100225504B1 KR1019960081273A KR19960081273A KR100225504B1 KR 100225504 B1 KR100225504 B1 KR 100225504B1 KR 1019960081273 A KR1019960081273 A KR 1019960081273A KR 19960081273 A KR19960081273 A KR 19960081273A KR 100225504 B1 KR100225504 B1 KR 100225504B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
rare earth
assembly
current
magnetic field
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KR1019960081273A
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Korean (ko)
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KR19980061895A (en
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권문
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오상수
만도기계주식회사
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Priority to KR1019960081273A priority Critical patent/KR100225504B1/en
Publication of KR19980061895A publication Critical patent/KR19980061895A/en
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Publication of KR100225504B1 publication Critical patent/KR100225504B1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
    • H01F7/021—Construction of PM

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 Re-TM-B 합금을 기초로 하는 영구자석의 착자 방법에 관한 것으로, 낮은 자장 하에서도 자화시킬 수 있는 것에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 모재에 희토류계 영구자석을 장착하여 조립체를 형성하는 단계와, 상기 조립체를 가열수단을 통해 큐리점 이하로 가열하는 단계와, 상기 가열된 조립체의 둘레에 구비된 자장 형성수단에 전류를 인가하여 조립체 내부의 영구자석을 자화시키는 단계를 포함하는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 제공함으로써, 종래에 비해 낮은 전류로 희토류계 영구자석을 착자시킬 수 있으며, 영구자석이 대형화되더라도 통상의 전류범위로 착자시킬 수 있어 고전류를 발생시키기 위한 부대장치가 필요없게 되는 잇점을 가져 올 수 있다The present invention relates to a magnetization method of a permanent magnet based on a Re-TM-B alloy, and relates to magnetization even under a low magnetic field. The present invention comprises the steps of forming an assembly by mounting a rare earth-based permanent magnet to the base material, heating the assembly to a Curie point or less through a heating means, and a current to the magnetic field forming means provided around the heated assembly By providing a rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method comprising the step of applying to magnetize the permanent magnet inside the assembly, it is possible to magnetize the rare earth-based permanent magnet with a lower current than in the prior art, even if the permanent magnet is enlarged to a normal current range It can be magnetized, which can bring about the advantage of not needing an auxiliary device to generate high current.

Description

희토류계 영구자석 착자방법Rare earth permanent magnet magnetization method

본 발명은 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 전동기나 센서 등에 적용되는 희토류계 영구자석을 자화시키기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a rare earth permanent magnet magnetizing method, and more particularly, to a method for magnetizing a rare earth permanent magnet applied to an electric motor or a sensor.

일반적으로 희토류계 영구자석은 하나 또는 그 이상의 희토류(Rare Earth)원소, 하나 또는 그 이상의 천이금속(Transition Metal; 이하 TM이라 약칭함) 및 붕소(B), 탄소(C), 질소(N) 가운데 하나 또는 그이상의 원소를 함유하는 조성의 희토류계 합금을 기초로 하고 있다.Generally, rare earth permanent magnets include one or more rare earth elements, one or more transition metals (abbreviated as TM), and boron (B), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). It is based on a rare earth alloy with a composition containing one or more elements.

여기서 희토류 원소로는 네오디뮴(Nd), 또는 프라세어디뮴(Pr) 또는 두원소 모두 해당되고, 천이금속으로서는 철(Fe) 또는 철과 코발트(Co)의 혼합물이 해당된다.Here, the rare earth element is neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), or both elements, and as the transition metal, iron (Fe) or a mixture of iron and cobalt (Co) is used.

이들의 바람직한 조성물은 Re2TM14B 상을 포함하는 것이다.Their preferred composition is one comprising a Re 2 ™ 14 B phase.

이와같은 영구자석은 각종 전동기, 발전기, 컴퓨터 부품, 음향기기, 센서류 등 전기/전자 산업에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다.Such permanent magnets are widely used in the electric / electronics industry such as various electric motors, generators, computer parts, acoustic devices, and sensors.

한편, 희토류계 영구자석은 보자력이 매우 강하기 때문에 자화되지 않은 상태의 영구자석을 구성체에 조립한 후 자화시키는 착자방법이 이용되고 있다.On the other hand, the rare earth permanent magnet has a very high coercive force, and thus a magnetization method is used in which a permanent magnet in an unmagnetized state is assembled into a constituent body and magnetized.

도1과 도2는 전동기에 적용되는 종래의 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 보인 일예로서, 먼저 희토류계 영구자석은 소결법(Sintering Process) 또는 급속응고법( Rapid Solidification Process) 등의 통상의 영구자석 제조방법으로 결정축 방향에 따라 자화용이축을 갖는 자기이방성을 갖도록 한다.1 and 2 show an example of a conventional rare earth permanent magnet magnetizing method applied to an electric motor. First, a rare earth permanent magnet is a conventional permanent magnet manufacturing method such as a sintering process or a rapid solidification process. In order to have magnetic anisotropy with a magnetizing axis along the crystal axis direction.

이와 같은 자기이방성을 갖는 희토류계 영구자석은 보자력이 매우 강하기 때문에 전동기의 고정자(10) 내부에 아직 자화되지 않은 다수개의 C형상을 갖는 영구자석을 원형으로 접합하여 조립체를 형성한다.Since the rare earth-based permanent magnet having such magnetic anisotropy is very strong coercive force in the stator 10 of the electric motor and a plurality of permanent magnets having a plurality of C-shape not yet magnetized in a circle to form an assembly.

한편, 조립체 내부의 희토류계 영구자석을 자화시키기 위해서 코일이 장착된 코어를 조립체 둘레를 에워싼 상태에서 코일에 강한 자장을 발생시키는 고전류를 인가한다.On the other hand, in order to magnetize the rare earth permanent magnet in the assembly, a high current is generated to generate a strong magnetic field in the coil while the core with the coil is wrapped around the assembly.

코일에 발생된 강한 자장에 의해 자화용이축을 갖는 이방화된 영구자석은 각 자구(Magnetic domain)가 자화용이축 방향으로 배열하여 착자된다.Anisotropically permanent magnets having a biaxial axis for magnetization by a strong magnetic field generated in the coil are magnetized by the magnetic domains arranged in the biaxial direction for magnetization.

한편, 최근에는 고전류 인가로 열이 발생되는 부정적 요인을 극복하기 위해 전류를 단속적으로 인가하는 펄스파(Pulse Wave)를 코일에 공급함으로써 열발생을 최소화하면서도 순간적으로 강한 전류를 이용할 수 있는 방법이 이용되고 있다.On the other hand, in order to overcome the negative factors that generate heat by applying high current, a method that can use a strong current instantaneously while minimizing heat generation is provided by supplying a pulse wave that applies current intermittently to the coil. It is becoming.

그런데 이와 같은 종래의 영구자석 착자방법들은 영구자석이 대형화되는 경우 조립체 주위를 권취해야하는 코일의 크기 및 권선 수를 대형화해야 할 뿐만 아니라 고전류를 공급하기 위한 부대장치의 규모가 커지게 되는 단점이 있었다.However, such a conventional permanent magnet magnetizing method has a disadvantage in that when the permanent magnet is enlarged, the size of the coil and the number of windings to be wound around the assembly must be enlarged, and the size of the auxiliary device for supplying a high current increases.

따라서, 본 발명은 이와같은 종래의 단점을 극복하기 위한 것으로, 희토류계 영구자석이 장착된 조립체를 자기변태가 일어나는 큐리점(curie point)이하의 일정 온도범위로 가열한 상태에서 희토류계 영구자석을 자화시킴으로써 낮은 자장 하에서도 자화시킬 수 있는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages, the rare earth permanent magnet in a state in which the assembly with the rare earth permanent magnet is heated to a predetermined temperature range below the Curie point (magnetic transformation) occurs The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rare earth permanent magnet magnetizing method which can be magnetized even under low magnetic field by magnetization.

이와 같은 목적을 실현하기 위한 본 발명은 모재에 희토류계 영구자석을 장착하여 조립체를 형성한 후, 상기 조립체를 가열수단을 통해 큐리점 이하로 가열하고, 상기 조립체 둘레에 구비된 자장형성수단에 전류를 인가하여 조립체 내부의 영구자석을 자화시키는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 제공한다.The present invention for achieving the above object is to mount a rare earth-based permanent magnet to the base material to form an assembly, and then heating the assembly below the Curie point through a heating means, the current to the magnetic field forming means provided around the assembly It provides a rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method to magnetize the permanent magnet in the assembly by applying.

제1도는 종래의 영구자석 착자방법을 설명하기 위한 평면도.1 is a plan view for explaining a conventional permanent magnet magnetizing method.

제2도는 제1도의 정면도.2 is a front view of FIG.

제3도는 본 발명에 따른 영구자석 착자방법을 설명하기 위한 평면도.3 is a plan view for explaining a permanent magnet magnetizing method according to the present invention.

제4도는 제3도의 정면도.4 is a front view of FIG.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10 : 고정자 12 : 영구자석10: stator 12: permanent magnet

14 : 파이프 16 : 열원14 pipe 16: heat source

20 : 조립체 22 : 코일20: assembly 22: coil

24 : 코어(core)24 core

이하, 본 발명에 따른 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 첨부 도면과 함께 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, a rare earth permanent magnet magnetizing method according to the present invention will be described in detail with the accompanying drawings.

도3과 도4는 본 발명에 따라 전동기의 고정자(10)에 장착되는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법을 설명하기 위한 평면도 및 정면도이다.3 and 4 are a plan view and a front view for explaining a rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method mounted to the stator 10 of the electric motor according to the present invention.

도3과 도4에 도시된 바와같이, 전동기의 원통형상의 고정자(10) 내주연에 다수개의 C형 희토류계 영구자석(12)이 일정간격으로 배열되어 장착된다.As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, a plurality of C-type rare earth permanent magnets 12 are arranged and mounted at regular intervals on the inner circumference of the cylindrical stator 10 of the electric motor.

상기 희토류계 영구자석(12)은 소결법에 따르면, 하나 또는 그 이상의 희토류 원소, 하나 또는 그 이상의 천이금속 및 붕소, 탄소, 질소 가운데 하나 또는 그 이상의 원소를 함유하는 합금을 용해하여 분쇄한 후 성형시 자장을 가하여 입자를 자장 방향으로 정렬시킨 상태에서 압축한 후 소결온도에서 소결하여 제조된다.According to the sintering method, the rare earth permanent magnet 12 is formed by dissolving and grinding one or more rare earth elements, one or more transition metals, and an alloy containing one or more elements of boron, carbon, and nitrogen. It is manufactured by compressing the particles in a state aligned with the magnetic field by applying a magnetic field and then sintering at a sintering temperature.

다른 한편으로 급속응고법에 따르면, 동일한 조성을 갖는 희토류 합금을 용해한 후 급속응고시켜 비정질 또는 미세결정질의 리본을 제조하여 열간에서 압축성형 및 다이업셋 공정을 통해 제조된다.On the other hand, according to the rapid solidification method, a rare earth alloy having the same composition is dissolved and then rapidly solidified to prepare an amorphous or microcrystalline ribbon, which is produced through compression molding and a die-upset process in hot.

이와 같은 희토류계 영구자석(12)은 자기이방성을 띠며, 보자력이 매우 강하므로 전동기의 고정자(10) 등과 같은 모재에 조립하기 전에 자화시키지 않고, 먼저 희토류계 영구자석(12)을 고정자(10)에 조립한 후 자화시키는 것은 이미 언급한 바와 같다.Such a rare earth permanent magnet 12 is magnetic anisotropy, and because the coercive force is very strong, do not magnetize before assembling to the base material such as the stator 10 of the electric motor, first, the rare earth permanent magnet 12 is stator 10 The magnetization after assembling is already mentioned.

그리고 이와 같이 영구자석(12)이 조립된 조립체(20)를 본 발명의 특징에 따라 가열하는 단계를 수행한다. 즉, 조립체(20)의 내부에 열원(16)에 의해 약 80~200℃의 온도범위로 가열된 오일이 순환될 수 있는 파이프(14)를 설치하여 조립체(20)의 희토류계 영구자석(12)을 가열하는 단계를 수행한다.And thus, the step of heating the assembly 20, the permanent magnet 12 is assembled according to the features of the present invention. That is, the rare earth-based permanent magnet 12 of the assembly 20 by installing a pipe 14 through which the oil heated in the temperature range of about 80 ~ 200 ℃ by the heat source 16 in the assembly 20 can be circulated Heating).

상기에 언급된 온도범위는 희토류계 영구자석(12)의 온도에 따른 자기적 특성에 따라 조정될 수 있으며, 여하한 경우라도 자기변태가 일어나는 큐리점 이하로 설정되는 것이 바람직하다.The above-mentioned temperature range may be adjusted according to the magnetic properties according to the temperature of the rare earth permanent magnet 12, and in any case, it is preferable to set below the Curie point at which the magnetic transformation occurs.

이와 같이 일정온도로 가열된 희토류계 영구자석(12)은 큐리점 이하의 온도구간에서는 온도가 높을수록 낮은 자장 하에서도 자화되므로, 상기 조립체(20) 둘레에 코일(22)이 권취된 코어(24)를 위치시키고, 자장을 발생시킬 수 있도록 일정전류를 인가하여 조립체(20) 내부의 영구자석(12)의 자극방향을 자화용이축 방향으로 정렬시켜 착자되도록 한다.As such, the rare earth permanent magnet 12 heated to a constant temperature is magnetized even under a low magnetic field as the temperature is higher in the temperature range below the Curie point, so that the coil 24 is wound around the assembly 20. ) And by applying a constant current so as to generate a magnetic field to align the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 12 in the assembly 20 in the axial direction for magnetization to magnetize.

그리고 상기 코일에 공급되는 전류로는 단속적으로 전류를 인가하는 펄스파(Pulse Wave)를 적용하는 것도 가능하다.As the current supplied to the coil, a pulse wave for intermittently applying a current may be applied.

즉, 본 발명에 따르면 일정온도로 가열된 희토류계 영구자석(10)이 종래의 착자방법에 따른 공급 전류보다도 낮은 전류에서도 용이하게 착자될 수 있어 영구자석이 대형화되더라도 종래의 전류공급범위로 착자시킬수 있게 된다.That is, according to the present invention, the rare earth permanent magnet 10 heated to a constant temperature can be easily magnetized even at a current lower than the supply current according to the conventional magnetizing method, so that the magnet can be magnetized to a conventional current supply range even if the permanent magnet is enlarged. Will be.

이상, 상기 내용은 본 발명의 바람직한 일실시예를 단지 예시한 것으로 본 발명이 속하는 분야의 당업자는 본 발명의 요지를 변경시킴이 없이 본 발명에 대한 수정 및 그 변경을 가할 수 있다.In the above description, only the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are illustrated, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make modifications and changes to the present invention without changing the gist of the present invention.

따라서 본 발명에 따르면, 종래에 비해 낮은 전류로 희토류계 영구자석을 착자시킬 수 있으며, 영구자석이 대형화되더라도 통상의 전류범위로 착자시킬 수 있어 고전류를 발생시키기 위한 부대장치가 필요없게 되는 이점을 가져올 수 있다.Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to magnetize the rare earth permanent magnet with a lower current than in the related art, and even if the permanent magnet is enlarged, it can be magnetized in a normal current range, thereby bringing the advantage of not requiring an auxiliary device for generating a high current. Can be.

Claims (5)

모재에 희토류계 영구자석을 장착하여 조립체를 형성하는 단계와, 상기 조립체를 가열수단을 통해 큐리점 이하로 가열하는 단계와, 상기 가열된 조립체의 둘레에 구비된 자장형성수단에 전류를 인가하여 조립체 내부의 영구자석을 자화시키는 단계를 포함하는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법.Forming an assembly by mounting a rare earth-based permanent magnet on a base material, heating the assembly to a Curie point or less through a heating means, and applying an electric current to a magnetic field forming means provided around the heated assembly. A rare earth permanent magnet magnetizing method comprising magnetizing a permanent magnet therein. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 가열수단은 열원에 의해 소정의 온도범위로 오일을 가열하여 조립체 내부에 장치되는 파이프에 순환시키도록 된 것을 특징으로 하는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법.The rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method according to claim 1, wherein the heating means heats the oil in a predetermined temperature range by a heat source and circulates it in a pipe installed inside the assembly. 제2항에 있어서, 상기 온도범위는 영구자석이 80~200℃의 온도범위로 유지되도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법.The rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method of claim 2, wherein the temperature range is such that the permanent magnet is maintained at a temperature range of 80 to 200 ° C. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 자장형성수단은 전류의 인가에 따라 자장을 발생시키는 코일이 내부에 권취된 코어로 된 것을 특징으로 하는 희토류계 영구자석 착자방법.The rare earth-based permanent magnet magnetizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field forming means comprises a core in which a coil for generating a magnetic field is wound therein according to the application of an electric current. 제4항에 있어서, 상기 코일에 공급되는 전류는 단속적으로 전류를 인가하는 펄스파인 것을 특징으로 하는 희토류계 영구자석 조립체.The rare earth-based permanent magnet assembly according to claim 4, wherein the current supplied to the coil is a pulse wave which intermittently applies a current.
KR1019960081273A 1996-12-31 1996-12-31 Method for magnetization of permanent magnet in rare-earth system KR100225504B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100997538B1 (en) 2008-10-13 2010-12-03 아센텍 주식회사 Magnetization Method of Magnet for Speed Sensor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100997538B1 (en) 2008-10-13 2010-12-03 아센텍 주식회사 Magnetization Method of Magnet for Speed Sensor

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