JPWO2020230417A1 - 水素システム - Google Patents
水素システム Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2020230417A1 JPWO2020230417A1 JP2021513927A JP2021513927A JPWO2020230417A1 JP WO2020230417 A1 JPWO2020230417 A1 JP WO2020230417A1 JP 2021513927 A JP2021513927 A JP 2021513927A JP 2021513927 A JP2021513927 A JP 2021513927A JP WO2020230417 A1 JPWO2020230417 A1 JP WO2020230417A1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 501
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 501
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 488
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 326
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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Abstract
Description
電解質膜、電解質膜の一方の主面に設けられたアノード、電解質膜の他方の主面に設けられたカソード、および、アノードおよびカソード間に電圧を印加する電圧印加器を備え、電圧印加器によりアノードおよびカソード間に電圧を印加して、アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む水素含有ガス中の水素を、電解質膜を介してカソードに移動させ、圧縮された水素を生成する圧縮装置と、
アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む水素含有ガスが流れる供給路と、
供給路上に設けられた冷却機構と、
供給路上に設けられ、冷却機構よりも上流の供給路を流れる水素含有ガスと冷却機構よりも下流の供給路を流れる水素含有ガスとの間で熱交換する熱交換器と、を備える。
[水素システムの構成]
図1は、第1実施形態の水素システムの一例を示す図である。
図2Aおよび図3Aは、第1実施形態の水素システムの電気化学式水素圧縮装置の一例を示す図である。図2Bは、図2Aの電気化学式水素圧縮装置のB部の拡大図である。図3Bは、図3Aの電気化学式水素圧縮装置のB部の拡大図である。
以下、第1実施形態の水素システムの動作の一例について図面を参照しながら説明する。
カソード:2H++2e−→H2(高圧) ・・・(2)
このようにして、電気化学式水素圧縮装置100では、アノードANに供給する水蒸気を含む水素含有ガス中の水素を、電解質膜11を介してカソードCAに移動させ、かつ昇圧する動作が行われる。
図4は、第1実施形態の実施例の水素システムの一例を示す図である。
図5は、第2実施形態の水素システムの一例を示す図である。
本実施例の水素システム200は、以下に説明する制御器50の制御内容以外は、第2実施形態の水素システム200と同様である。
図6は、第3実施形態の水素システムの一例を示す図である。
本実施例の水素システム200は、以下に説明する制御器50の制御内容以外は、第3実施形態の水素システム200と同様である。
図7は、第4実施形態の水素システムの一例を示す図である。
12 :カソード触媒層
13 :アノード触媒層
14 :カソードガス拡散層
15 :アノードガス拡散層
16 :カソードセパレーター
17 :アノードセパレーター
21 :絶縁体
22A :アノード給電板
22C :カソード給電板
23A :アノード絶縁板
23C :カソード絶縁板
24A :アノード端板
24C :カソード端板
25 :締結器
26 :カソードガス排出路
27 :アノードガス導入マニホールド
28 :カソードガス導出マニホールド
29 :アノードガス供給路
30 :アノードガス導出マニホールド
31 :アノードガス排出路
32 :カソードガス流路
33 :アノードガス流路
34 :カソードガス通過経路
35 :第1アノードガス通過経路
36 :第2アノードガス通過経路
40 :シール部材
42 :シール部材
43 :シール部材
50 :制御器
100 :電気化学式水素圧縮装置
100A :水素ポンプユニット
102 :電圧印加器
110 :熱交換器
110A :流路
110B :流路
111 :凝縮水タンク
112 :第1弁
113 :第2弁
114 :水素貯蔵器
115 :流量制御器
116 :バイパス路
117 :冷却機構
117A :冷却器
120 :水素源
130 :加熱器
200 :水素システム
AN :アノード
CA :カソード
Claims (8)
- 電解質膜、前記電解質膜の一方の主面に設けられたアノード、前記電解質膜の他方の主面に設けられたカソード、および、前記アノードおよびカソード間に電圧を印加する電圧印加器を備え、前記電圧印加器により前記アノードおよびカソード間に電圧を印加して、前記アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む水素含有ガス中の水素を、前記電解質膜を介して前記カソードに移動させ、圧縮された水素を生成する圧縮装置と、
前記アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む水素含有ガスが流れる供給路と、
前記供給路上に設けられた冷却機構と、
前記供給路上に設けられ、前記冷却機構よりも上流の前記供給路を流れる水素含有ガスと前記冷却機構よりも下流の前記供給路を流れる水素含有ガスとの間で熱交換する熱交換器と、を備える水素システム。 - 前記供給路より分岐して、前記熱交換器をバイパスした後、前記供給路に合流するバイパス路を備える請求項1に記載の水素システム。
- 前記バイパス路を流れる前記水素含有ガスの流量を制御する流量制御器と、前記電解質膜、前記アノードおよび前記カソードを含むセルの温度が上昇すると、前記流量制御器を制御して、前記バイパス路に流れる前記水素含有ガスの流量を増加させる制御器とを備える請求項2に記載の水素システム。
- 前記冷却機構は、前記供給路を流れる水素含有ガスを冷却する冷却器を含む、請求項1−3のいずれか1項に記載の水素システム。
- 前記電解質膜、前記アノードおよび前記カソードを含むセルの温度が上昇すると、前記冷却器の出力を低下させる制御器を備える請求項4に記載の水素システム。
- 前記供給路上に設けられ、前記熱交換器で加熱された水素含有ガスを更に加熱する加熱器を備える、請求項1−5のいずれかに記載の水素システム。
- 前記アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む前記水素含有ガスは、水電解装置で生成された水素含有ガスを含む請求項1−6のいずれか1項に記載の水素システム。
- 前記アノードに供給される、水蒸気を含む前記水素含有ガスは、炭素および水素から構成される有機化合物を含む原料の水蒸気改質反応またはオートサーマル改質反応により生成された改質ガスを含む請求項1−6のいずれか1項に記載の水素システム。
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