JPWO2020175232A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2020175232A1 JPWO2020175232A1 JP2021502012A JP2021502012A JPWO2020175232A1 JP WO2020175232 A1 JPWO2020175232 A1 JP WO2020175232A1 JP 2021502012 A JP2021502012 A JP 2021502012A JP 2021502012 A JP2021502012 A JP 2021502012A JP WO2020175232 A1 JPWO2020175232 A1 JP WO2020175232A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
- diisocyanate
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- -1 diisocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、上述の通り、正極芯体30と、正極芯体30の表面に設けられた正極合剤層31とを有する。正極芯体30には、アルミニウムなど正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層31は、正極活物質、導電剤、及び結着剤を含み、正極リード20が接続される部分を除く正極芯体30の両面に設けられることが好ましい。正極11は、例えば正極芯体30の表面に正極活物質、導電剤、及び結着剤等を含む正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合剤層31を正極芯体30の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極12は、上述の通り、負極芯体40と、負極芯体40の表面に設けられた負極合剤層41とを有する。また、負極12には、電極体14の外周面に対応する部分に、負極芯体40の表面が露出した露出部42が形成されている。負極芯体40には、銅など負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合剤層41は、負極活物質及び結着剤を含み、例えば負極リードが接続される部分及び露出部42を除く負極芯体40の両面に設けられることが好ましい。負極12は、例えば負極芯体40の表面に負極活物質、及び結着剤等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合剤層41を負極芯体40の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のオレフィン樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータ13の表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水電解質は、更に、0.1〜1.0質量%のジイソシアネート化合物を含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。なお、非水電解質は、液体電解質(非水電解液)に限定されず、固体電解質であってもよい。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質として、Ni、Co、Alを含有するリチウム含有遷移金属複合酸化物を用いた。100質量部の正極活物質と、1質量部のアセチレンブラックと、0.9質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデンとを混合し、分散媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を用いて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、当該正極合剤スラリーを厚みが15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮した後、所定の電極サイズに切断し、正極芯体の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極(厚み0.115mm、幅56mm、長さ800mm)を作製した。なお、正極の長手方向中央部に芯体表面が露出した露出部を設け、当該露出部に正極リードを超音波溶接した。
負極活物質として、95質量部の黒鉛粉末、及び5質量部のSiOx(x=1)で表されるシリコン酸化物の混合粉末を用いた。100質量部の負極活物質と、1質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、1質量部のスチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを混合し、分散媒として水を用いて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、当該負極合剤スラリーを銅箔からなる負極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮した後、所定の電極サイズに切断し、負極芯体の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極(厚み0.117mm、幅58mm、長さ900mm)を作製した。なお、負極の長手方向両端部に芯体表面が露出した露出部を設け、一方の露出部に負極リードを超音波溶接した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、25:5:70の体積比で混合した非水溶媒に、LiPF6を1.5Mの濃度で溶解し、4−フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を2質量%の濃度で溶解した。その後、非水電解液の総質量に対して0.1質量%の濃度となるように、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを添加して、非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極と上記負極を、ポリエチレン製のセパレータを介して渦巻状に巻回することにより、巻回型の電極体を作製した。このとき、正極合剤層がセパレータを介して負極合剤層と対向するように、また負極の露出部(負極リードが存在しない露出部)が電極体の外周面を構成するように、各電極及びセパレータを巻回した。電極体の上下に絶縁板をそれぞれ配置した後、負極リードを有底円筒形状の外装缶の底部内面に溶接し、正極リードを封口体の内部端子板に溶接して、電極体を外装缶内に収容した。その後、外装缶内に非水電解液を減圧方式で注入し、ガスケットを介して外装缶の開口を封口体で封止することにより、円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液の調製において、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートの添加量を0.2質量%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液の調製において、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートの添加量を0.5質量%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液の調製において、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートの添加量を1.0質量%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液の調製において、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートの添加量を2.0質量%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液の調製において、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実施例及び比較例の各電池について、25℃の温度環境下で初回充放電を行った後、電池を解体し、電極体の外周面を構成する負極芯体表面の状態(堆積物の有無)を目視で確認した。評価結果を表1に示す。
<初回充放電条件>
0.5Itの定電流で充電終止電圧が4.2Vとなるまで充電し、0.5Itの定電流で放電終止電圧が3Vとなるまで放電を行った。
実施例及び比較例の各電池を10個ずつ用いて、上記初回充放電後における交流抵抗(1kHz)を測定した。抵抗値の平均値と標準偏差(ばらつき)を表1に示す。
実施例1,2、及び比較例2の各電池について、非水電解液中に存在する金属量を測定した。外装缶内に非水電解液を注入後、20時間を経過した電池から遠心分離により非水電解液を抽出し、ICP(高周波誘導結合プラズマ)発光分光分析により非水電解液中に溶出した金属の量を測定した。評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (4)
- 正極と負極がセパレータを介して渦巻状に巻回された電極体と、
非水電解質と、
前記電極体及び前記非水電解質を収容する有底円筒形状の外装缶と、
を備え、
前記負極は、負極芯体と、前記負極芯体の表面に設けられた負極合剤層とを有し、
前記電極体の外周面には前記負極芯体の表面が露出した露出部が形成され、前記露出部が前記外装缶の内面に接触し、
前記非水電解質は、0.1〜1.0質量%のジイソシアネート化合物を含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記ジイソシアネート化合物は、一般式O=C=N−X−N=C=Oで表される化合物であって、Xは炭素数18以下の脂肪族炭化水素である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ジイソシアネート化合物は、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、シクロヘキサン−1,2−ジイルビス(メチレン)ジイソシアネート、及びシクロヘキサン−1,3−ジイルビス(メチレン)ジイソシアネートから選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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