JPWO2019240223A1 - 数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーと、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドとを含む、ポリイオンコンプレックスミセル - Google Patents
数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーと、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドとを含む、ポリイオンコンプレックスミセル Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(1)数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーと、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドとを含む、ポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(2)数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーのPEG側の末端が細胞表面または細胞外基質に結合する分子により修飾されている、上記(1)に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(3)細胞表面への結合分子が、GLUT1リガンドである、上記(2)に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(4)GLUT1リガンドが、グルコースである、上記(3)に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(5)数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーのPEG側末端の10〜40モル%がグルコースにより修飾されている、上記(4)に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(6)PEGブロックの数平均分子量が4kDa〜7kDaである、上記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
(7)上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセルを含む医薬組成物。
(8)上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセルを含んでなる、投与計画に従って対象に投与するための医薬組成物であって、
該投与計画は、絶食させるか、または低血糖を誘発させた対象に該医薬組成物を投与することおよび該対象において血糖値の上昇を誘発させることを含み、
該ポリイオンコンプレックスミセルは、その外表面がGLUT1リガンドにより修飾されている、医薬組成物。
本実施例では、アンチセンスオリゴ(ASO)とポリエチレングリコール(PEG)ブロックを有するカチオン性ポリマーとを用いてポリイオンコンプレックス(PIC)ミセル(以下、「PIC(ASO)ミセル」ということがある)を構築した。脳への集積効率を確認するため、上記と同様にGlc(6)をPEG鎖に連結させた。また、架橋剤を用いずに分子間架橋を導入するため、リジン側鎖に2−イミノチオラン(2−IT)またはジメチル3,3’−ジチオビス(プロピオンイミダート)(DTBP)を導入した。PEGの長さは、数平均分子量5kDaに設定した。
1,2-o-イソプロピリデン-α-D-グルコフラノース(東京化成工業(株)社製)を11.7gナスフラスコに量り取り、ピリジン(和光純薬工業(株)社製)60mLを加えてドライヤーで加熱して溶解させ、その後ジクロロメタン(和光純薬工業(株)社製)を60mL加えた。塩化ピバロイル(和光純薬工業(株)社製)を7.2mL滴下し、室温で5時間撹拌混合した。反応後、溶媒を減圧下にて除去し、純水を100mL軽く撹拌しながら加えた。析出してきた白色の固形物を吸引ろ過(桐山ろ紙5C)にて回収し、純水で洗浄した。得られた白色固形物を減圧下にて乾燥した。乾燥させた白色固形物全量を65度に温めた少量のメタノールに溶解させ、その後冷却することで再結晶にて精製を行い、針状の結晶を得た。
DIG(6)を520mg量り取り、少量のジクロロメタンおよびベンゼンで溶解し、凍結乾燥を行った。乾燥したDIG(6)にアルゴン雰囲気下で蒸留にて精製したテトラヒドロフランを75mL添加し、0.3mol/Lのカリウムナフタレン溶液を6.7mL加え、5分撹拌した。これに蒸留にて精製したエチレンオキサイド13.5mL加え、25度で3日間撹拌した。3日後、反応溶液を1.5Lのジエチルエーテル(昭和エーテル社製)に滴下し、沈殿物を吸引ろ過(JCWP 10μm)にて回収し、DIG(6)−PEG−OHを得た。
DIG(6)−PEG−NH2530mgをフラスコに量り取り、ベンゼンを加えて溶解し、凍結乾燥を行った。その後、チオ尿素(和光純薬工業(株)社製)を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解した蒸留にて精製したN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを12mL加えて溶解した。別のフラスコにNCA−Lys(TFA)をアルゴン雰囲気下で1,330mg量り取り、チオ尿素を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解した蒸留にて精製したN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを26mL加えて溶解した。NCA−Lys(TFA)をPEG溶液に添加し、3日間25℃で撹拌混合した。反応液は透析膜(MWCO:3,500)に入れて外液を水で透析し、凍結乾燥にてDIG(6)−PEG−PLys(TFA)を回収した。
乾燥後、500mgをフラスコに取り50mLのメタノールと5mLの1規定の水酸化ナトリウムを加えて溶解し、35℃で24時間撹拌した。その後、反応液を透析膜(MWCO:3,500)に入れて外液を水で透析し、凍結乾燥にてDIG(6)−PEG−PLysを回収した。
Glc(6)−PEG−PLys(DTBP/IM)を100mMのジチオスレイトールを含む10mM HEPES溶液で5mg/mLとなるように溶解した。ASOを10mM HEPES溶液で30μMの濃度で溶解した。電荷が釣り合うように双方の溶液を混合し、15秒間撹拌混合した。その後、透析カセット(ThermoFisherScientific社製、MWCO:3,500)に入れ、0.5%ジメチルスルホキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)及び5mM HEPES溶液を外液として2日間透析を行った。その後外液を5mM HEPES溶液に変えて再度2日間透析を行い、Glc−PIC(ASO)ミセル(以下「ASOミセル」ともいう)を得た(図1参照)。なお、ASOの配列は、5’−GGGTCagctgccaatGCTAG−3’であった{ここで、大文字はLNAであり、小文字はDNAである}。蛍光標識を付与した場合は、ASOの3’末端が標識された。
次に、グルコース修飾率と粒子形成との関係、血中滞留性との関係、および脳への蓄積との関係を調べた。
Glc(6)−PEG−PLys(DTBP/IM)とメトキシ−PEG−PLys(DTBP/IM)とを100:0、75:25、50:50、25:75、または0:100のモル比で混合し、グルコース修飾率(グルコース含有量ともいう)を100%、75%、50%、25%、または0%にそれぞれ調整した。ゼータサイザーを用いて、得られた様々なグルコース含量を有するミセルの粒径(Z−average)、および多分散度(PDI)を測定した。すると、図1Bに示されるように、全てのグルコース含量のミセルが0.2未満のPDIを示し、良好にミセルを形成した。また、粒径は、50〜70nm程度であり、グルコース含量の増加に伴って粒径が増大した。
全ての動物実験は、東京大学動物倫理委員会の関連規定を遵守して行われた。Alexa647標識ASO(22.5μM)を含むミセルを調製し、マウス(BALB/c、雌、6週齢)に静脈投与した。その後、蛍光強度の経時変化をIVRT-CLSM (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan)を用いて観察した。結果は、図2および3に示される通りであった。
図3に示されるように、グルコース含量が0%または25%である場合に最も高い血中滞留性を示した。また、グルコース含量が高まるほど血中滞留性が低下することが明らかになった。
図2には、15μM ASOを含むグルコース含量25%のミセルの耳の血管の蛍光電子顕微鏡像を代表的な例として示す。図2に示されるように、2時間でミセルに含まれるASOに標識されたAlexa647由来の蛍光が低下するようすが示されている。
本実施例では、上記のように作製したASOミセルの脳実質への送達効率を評価した。
マウスを犠牲にし、脳を摘出した。摘出した脳をPBSで洗浄して残存する血液を取り除いた。脳重量を計測した後にそれぞれの脳組織を細断した。対照として、PBSまたは投与量と同量のミセル溶液を脳組織と混合した試料を用いた。溶解緩衝液中でマルチビーズショッカーを用いて組織をホモジェナイズし、2,500rpmで10分間遠心分離した。100μLの上清を96穴黒色プレートに移し、TECANマイクロプレートリーダーを用いてそれぞれの蛍光強度を測定した。脳組織の蛍光強度は、対照に対する相対蛍光強度により示した。結果は、図4Aに示される通りであった。
図5には、25%のグルコース含量のGlc−PIC(ASO)の各臓器への蓄積量と裸のASOの脳への各臓器への蓄積の比を示した。すると、25%のグルコース含量のGlc−PIC(ASO)は肝臓その他のあらゆる組織に対して裸のASOよりも蓄積が少なく、脳に特異的に高い蓄積を示すことが明らかとなった。図中、「0%」は、グルコース修飾率が0%であることを示し、「25%」は、グルコース修飾率が25%であることを示し、「50%」は、グルコース修飾率が50%であることを示す。
本参考例では、PEGの数平均分子量を変えた以外は上記実施例に記載の手法と同様の手法によりGlc−PIC(ASO)ミセルを形成させた。より具体的には、PEGブロックの数平均分子量が2kDaのGlc−PIC(ASO)ミセルとPEGブロックの数平均分子量が12kDaのGlc−PIC(ASO)ミセルのミセル形成効率および脳への送達効率を示す。結果は、図6A〜6Cに示される通りであった。
Claims (8)
- 数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーと、アンチセンスオリゴとを含む、ポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- 数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーのPEG側の末端が細胞表面または細胞外基質に結合する分子により修飾されている、請求項1に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- 細胞表面への結合分子が、GLUT1リガンドである、請求項2に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- GLUT1リガンドが、グルコースである、請求項3に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- 数平均分子量が3kDa〜10kDaであるPEGブロックとカチオン性ポリマーとのブロックコポリマーのPEG側末端の10〜40モル%がグルコースにより修飾されている、請求項4に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- PEGブロックの数平均分子量が4kDa〜7kDaである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセル。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセルを含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリイオンコンプレックスミセルを含んでなる、投与計画に従って対象に投与するための医薬組成物であって、
該投与計画は、絶食させるか、または低血糖を誘発させた対象に該医薬組成物を投与することおよび該対象において血糖値の上昇を誘発させることを含み、
該ポリイオンコンプレックスミセルは、その外表面がGLUT1リガンドにより修飾されている、医薬組成物。
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