JPWO2016104795A1 - 自着性不織布 - Google Patents
自着性不織布 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2016104795A1 JPWO2016104795A1 JP2016566576A JP2016566576A JPWO2016104795A1 JP WO2016104795 A1 JPWO2016104795 A1 JP WO2016104795A1 JP 2016566576 A JP2016566576 A JP 2016566576A JP 2016566576 A JP2016566576 A JP 2016566576A JP WO2016104795 A1 JPWO2016104795 A1 JP WO2016104795A1
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- fiber
- length
- fibers
- crimped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
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Abstract
Description
[1]1つの方向に引張って破断させるJIS L 1913に準拠する引張試験によって形成される破断端部において、前記1つの方向に関して最も内側に位置する点をPin、最も外側に位置する点をPoutとするとき、点Pinから点Poutまでの前記1つの方向に沿った距離Dが50mm以下である、不織布。
前記1つの方向は、前記長さ方向と平行である、[1]に記載の不織布。
前記方形領域に含まれる、長さ方向の長さが5cmであり、幅方向の長さが1cmである2以上の分割領域において、前記不織布の幅方向の一端から第i番目の分割領域(ただし、iは1以上の整数であり、第1番目の分割領域は前記幅方向の一端を含む。)の目付Wiと、第(i+1)番目の分割領域の目付Wi+1との比Wi/Wi+1が0.9〜1.1である、[2]に記載の不織布。
[5]前記方形領域は、前記分割領域を3以上含み、
前記第i番目の分割領域の目付Wiと、それ以外の分割領域の目付との比がそれぞれ0.9〜1.1である、[3]又は[4]に記載の不織布。
[9]前記捲縮繊維は、熱収縮率の異なる複数の樹脂が相構造を形成した複合繊維で構成されており、面方向に対して略平行に配向しているとともに、平均曲率半径20〜200μmで厚み方向において略均一に捲縮している、[8]に記載の不織布。
(1)不織布の特性
本発明に係る不織布は、その表面の繊維同士の重ね合わせ(接触)によってこれらが互いに係合して固定される性質、すなわち自着性を有する不織布である。とりわけ本発明では、手で引張って不織布を破断(切断)する場合のように、引張による破断によって形成される不織布の先端部(以下、「破断端部」ともいう。)の自着性に着目しており、本発明に係る不織布は、この破断端部に1つの特徴を有している。この破断端部の特徴について図1及び図2を参照しながら説明する。
50%伸長後回復率(%)=100−X
で定義される。
本発明に係る不織布は、後で詳述するように、コイル状に捲縮した捲縮繊維を含んで構成されることが好ましい。また本発明に係る不織布は、これを構成する各繊維が実質的に融着することなく、主として、捲縮繊維が互いにそれらの捲縮コイル部で絡み合って拘束又は掛止された構造を有していることが好ましい。また本発明に係る不織布において、これを構成する殆ど(大部分)の捲縮繊維(捲縮繊維の軸芯方向)は、不織布面(シート面)に対して略平行に配向していることが好ましい。本願明細書において「面方向に対して略平行に配向している」とは、例えばニードルパンチによる交絡のように、局部的に多数の捲縮繊維(捲縮繊維の軸芯方向)が厚み方向に沿って配向している部分が繰り返し存在しない状態を意味する。
本発明に係る不織布は、上記複合繊維(潜在捲縮繊維)を含む繊維をウェブ化する工程(ウェブ化工程)と、繊維ウェブを加熱して複合繊維を捲縮させる工程(加熱工程)とを含む方法によって好適に製造することができる。
JIS L 1015「化学繊維ステープル試験方法」(8.12.1)に準じて、機械捲縮数(個/25mm)を測定した。
不織布から捲縮繊維(複合繊維)を、コイル捲縮を引き伸ばさないよう注意しながら抜き取り、機械捲縮数の測定と同様に、JIS L 1015「化学繊維ステープル試験方法」(8.12.1)に準じて、平均コイル捲縮数(個/mm)を測定した。なお、本測定はコイル状の捲縮が発現している繊維のみについて行った。
平均コイル捲縮数の測定時に、連続して隣り合うコイル間の距離を測定し、n数=100の平均値として、平均捲縮ピッチ(μm)を測定した。
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて、不織布の任意の断面を100倍に拡大した写真を撮影した。撮影した不織布断面写真に写っている繊維の中で、1周以上の螺旋(コイル)を形成している繊維について、その螺旋に沿って円を描いたときの円の半径(コイル軸方向から捲縮繊維を観察したときの円の半径)を求め、これを曲率半径(μm)とした。なお、繊維が楕円状に螺旋を描いている場合は、楕円の長径と短径との和の1/2を曲率半径とした。ただし、捲縮繊維が充分なコイル捲縮を発現していない場合や、繊維の螺旋形状が斜めから観察されることにより楕円として写っている場合を排除するために、楕円の長径と短径との比が0.8〜1.2の範囲に入る楕円だけを測定対象とした。平均曲率半径(μm)は、n数=100の平均値として求めた。
不織布の任意の断面における電子顕微鏡写真(倍率×100倍)を撮影し、撮影された繊維の映し出された部分において、厚み方向において、表層、内層、裏層の3つの領域に三等分し、各層の中心付近において、長さ方向2mm以上で、かつ測定可能な捲縮繊維が500本以上含まれるように測定領域を設定した。これらの領域について、その捲縮繊維の一方の端部ともう一方の端部との端部間距離(最短距離)を測定し、さらにその捲縮繊維の繊維長(写真上の繊維長)を測定した。すなわち、捲縮繊維の端部が不織布表面に露出している場合は、その端部をそのまま端部間距離を測定するための端部とし、端部が不織布内部に埋没している場合は、不織布内部に埋没する境界部分(写真上の端部)を端部間距離を測定するための端部とした。このとき、撮影された捲縮繊維のうち、100μm以上にわたって連続していることが確認できない繊維像に関しては測定の対象外とした。そして、端部間距離(L1)に対するその複合繊維の繊維長(L2)の比(L2/L1)として繊維湾曲率を算出した。厚み方向に三等分した表層、内層、裏層ごとに繊維湾曲率の平均値を算出し、さらに、それらのうちの最大値に対する最小値の割合(最小値/最大値)から繊維湾曲率の厚み方向における均一性を算出した。
JIS L 1913「一般不織布試験方法」に準じて、不織布全体としての目付、すなわち不織布の平均目付(g/m2)を測定した。
JIS L 1913「一般不織布試験方法」に準じて不織布の厚み(mm)を測定し、この値と〔6〕の方法で測定した目付とから不織布の密度(g/cm2)を算出した。
JIS L 1913「一般不織布試験方法」に準じて測定した。破断強度(N/50mm)、破断伸度(%)及び50%伸長時応力(N/50mm)は、不織布の流れ(MD)方向及び幅(CD)方向について測定した。
JIS L 1913「一般不織布試験方法」に準拠する引張試験を実施し、下記式:
50%伸長後回復率(%)=100−X
に基づいて50%伸長後回復率を求めた。式中、Xは、引張試験において、伸び率が50%に到達した後すぐに荷重を除去したときの、試験後の残留歪み(%)である。50%伸長後回復率は、MD方向及びCD方向について測定した。
不織布を5枚重ね、厚み方向に20%圧縮したときの応力を測定し、これを圧縮応力(kPa)とした。測定には精密万能試験機((株)島津製作所製の「オートグラフAG−IS」)を用いた。圧縮には直径29mmの円柱状の圧縮子を用い、ヘッドスピード10mm/分で圧縮した。
上記〔8〕の破断強度の測定によって得られた破断サンプルについて、前述の測定方法に従って破断端部長さD(mm)を求めた(図1参照)。破断方向はMD方向であり、得られた長さ方向及び幅方向を有する不織布の長さ方向である。
得られた長さ方向及び幅方向を有する不織布について、長さ方向の長さが5cmであり、幅方向の長さが不織布の全幅である方形領域を選択し、この方形領域について、前述の記載に従って第i番目の分割領域の目付Wiと、第(i+1)番目の分割領域の目付Wi+1との比Wi/Wi+1を測定した(図2参照)。目付比Wi/Wi+1は、方形領域に含まれる各分割領域(長さ方向の長さ:5cm、幅方向の長さ:1cm)をハサミで切り取ってその重量を測定し、それらの比を算出することにより求めた。
まず不織布を、MD方向が長さ方向となるように50mm幅×600mm長の大きさにカットし、サンプル1とした。次に、図3(a)に示すように、サンプル1の一方の端部を片面粘着テープ2で巻芯3(外径30mm×長さ150mmのポリプロピレン樹脂製パイプロール)に固定した後、このサンプル1のもう一方の端部にワニ口クリップ4(掴み幅50mm、使用にあたり口部内側に0.5mm厚のゴムシートを両面テープで固定した)を使用して、サンプル1の全幅に対し均一に加重が掛かるように150gの錘5を取り付けた。
潜在捲縮性繊維として、固有粘度0.65のポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂〔成分(A)〕と、イソフタル酸20モル%及びジエチレングリコール5モル%を共重合した変性ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂〔成分(B)〕とで構成されたサイドバイサイド型複合ステープル繊維〔(株)クラレ製、「ソフィットPN780」、1.7dtex×51mm長、機械捲縮数12個/25mm、130℃×1分熱処理後における捲縮数62個/25mm〕を準備した。このサイドバイサイド型複合ステープル繊維を100質量%用いて、カード法により目付約30g/m2のカードウェブとした。
ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維〔東レ株式会社製「テトロン」、1.6dtex×51mm長、機械捲縮数15個/25mm〕を100質量%用いて、カード法により目付約10g/m2のカードウェブとした。このカードウェブを6層クロスレイドさせて重ね合わせ、ニードルパンチ法によって繊維を交絡させて、不織布を得た。加工速度は2.5m/分であり、針密度(パンチ数)は両面側から合計で1000回/cm2とした。
実施例1で用いたカードウェブを水蒸気噴射装置へ導入し、水蒸気の噴射圧力を0.8MPa、加工速度を5.0m/分、ノズルとサクション側のコンベアベルトとの距離を5.5mmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で不織布を得た。得られた不織布の表面及び厚み方向断面を電子顕微鏡(100倍)で観察したところ、各繊維は不織布の面方向に対して略平行に配向しており、厚み方向において略均一に捲縮していた。
実施例2で用いたカードウェブを76メッシュ、幅500mmの樹脂製エンドレスベルトを装備したベルトコンベアに移送しながら、直径0.1mmのオリフィスがウェブの幅方向に0.6mm間隔で1列に設けられたノズルを表裏2段ずつ用いて、ノズルから水を噴射し、加工速度30m/分で繊維を交絡させ不織布を得た。噴射水圧は、前段のノズル列では、表と裏の両面ともに3MPaとし、後段のノズル列では、表と裏の両面ともに5MPaとした。
針密度(パンチ数)は両面側から合計で250回/cm2としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして不織布を得た。
実施例2で用いたカードウェブを、熱風循環処理機によって130℃で熱風処理を施して、潜在捲縮繊維のコイル状捲縮を発現させるとともに、繊維を交絡させ不織布を得た。
Claims (16)
- 1つの方向に引張って破断させるJIS L 1913に準拠する引張試験によって形成される破断端部において、前記1つの方向に関して最も内側に位置する点をPin、最も外側に位置する点をPoutとするとき、点Pinから点Poutまでの前記1つの方向に沿った距離Dが50mm以下である、不織布。
- 長さ方向及び幅方向を有し、
前記1つの方向は、前記長さ方向と平行である、請求項1に記載の不織布。 - 長さ方向の長さが5cmであり、幅方向の長さが前記不織布の全幅である方形領域を含み、
前記方形領域に含まれる、長さ方向の長さが5cmであり、幅方向の長さが1cmである2以上の分割領域において、前記不織布の幅方向の一端から第i番目の分割領域(ただし、iは1以上の整数であり、第1番目の分割領域は前記幅方向の一端を含む。)の目付Wiと、第(i+1)番目の分割領域の目付Wi+1との比Wi/Wi+1が0.9〜1.1である、請求項2に記載の不織布。 - 前記方形領域を2以上含む、請求項3に記載の不織布。
- 前記方形領域は、前記分割領域を3以上含み、
前記第i番目の分割領域の目付Wiと、それ以外の分割領域の目付との比がそれぞれ0.9〜1.1である、請求項3又は4に記載の不織布。 - 密度が0.05〜0.2g/cm3である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 圧縮応力が0.2〜10kPaである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 捲縮繊維を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 前記捲縮繊維は、熱収縮率の異なる複数の樹脂が相構造を形成した複合繊維で構成されており、面方向に対して略平行に配向しているとともに、平均曲率半径20〜200μmで厚み方向において略均一に捲縮している、請求項8に記載の不織布。
- 前記不織布を構成する全繊維における前記複合繊維の含有率が80質量%以上である、請求項9に記載の不織布。
- 粘着剤を実質的に含有せず、かつ、前記不織布を構成する各繊維が実質的に融着していない、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 少なくとも1つの面方向において、破断強度が5〜30N/50mmであり、破断伸度が50%以上であり、50%伸長後の回復率が80%以上である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 前記破断端部における曲面滑り応力が5N/50mm以上である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 長さ方向の破断強度と幅方向の破断強度との比が1.5〜50である、請求項2〜5のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 厚み方向の断面において、厚み方向に三等分した各々の領域における繊維湾曲率がいずれも1.3以上であり、かつ、該3つの領域についての繊維湾曲率の最小値と最大値との比が75%以上である、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
- 包帯である、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。
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