JPWO2015178490A1 - 移植材料及びその調製方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
項1. 臓器もしくは組織の細胞を含む移植材料の調製方法であって、前記細胞がPHLDA3の発現抑制下の細胞から構成されることを特徴とする、移植材料の調製方法。
項2. 前記移植材料が腎臓、肝臓、肺、心臓、小腸、膵臓または膵島の移植材料である、項1に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項3. 移植材料を構成する細胞がMEN1の機能を保持している、項1又は2に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項4. 移植材料の調製をPHLDA3の発現又は機能を抑制する物質の作用下に行うことを特徴とする項1〜3のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項5. PHLDA3の発現抑制剤がPHLDA3のsiRNAであり、PHLDA3のsiRNAを細胞内に導入して移植材料の調製を行う、項4に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項6. ジェノタイプがPHLDA3(-/-)またはPHLDA3(+/-)の細胞を用いて移植材料を調製することを特徴とする、項1〜3のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項7. 細胞が生体適合性のカプセルに封入されている、項1〜6のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
項8. 臓器又は組織の細胞から構成される移植材料であって、細胞のジェノタイプがPHLDA3(-/-)またはPHLDA3(+/-)である、移植材料。
項9. 非ヒト哺乳動物由来である項8に記載の移植材料。
項10. 移植材料が膵島である、項8又は9に記載の移植材料。
項11. PHLDA3抑制剤を含む糖尿病治療薬。
項12. PHLDA3プロモーターの制御下にレポーター遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを導入した細胞に候補物質を作用させ、レポーター遺伝子の発現量を低下させる候補物質を選択することを特徴とする、糖尿病治療薬のスクリーニング方法。
項13. PHLDA3の発現又は機能を抑制する物質を有効成分とする移植効率向上剤。
PHLDA3 遺伝子欠損(+/-、-/-)マウスを論文(Frank D, et al. (2002) Placental overgrowth in mice lacking the imprinted gene Ipl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(11):7490−7495.)に従い得た。これらのPHLDA3 遺伝子欠損(+/-、-/-)マウスでは膵島の過形成が観察された(図2A)。
膵NETは膵島分泌細胞由来である。膵島 β 細胞におけるPHLDA3の機能を分析するために、膵臓β細胞由来の細胞株であるRIN細胞及びMIN6細胞を調べた(図4A-4E)。RIN細胞は検出可能なレベルのPHLDA3発現を有するが、MIN6は非常に低いレベルのPHLDA3発現しか示さなかった。本発明者は最初に機能獲得アプローチを使用してPHLDA3がMIN6 細胞におけるAkt のリプレッサーとして機能することを確認した。図4Aに示されるように、PHLDA3の発現はAkt 活性化レベルの低下とAkt下流のシグナリング分子のリン酸化の減少をもたらす。同様な結果は、PHLDA3-/-マウス胎児線維芽細胞を用いても得られた。次に、本発明者はPHLDA3に対するsiRNA を用いてRIN 細胞におけるPHLDA3発現のノックダウンを行い(図4B及び4C)、増大したAkt活性化と細胞増殖を確認した(図4D及び4E)。本発明者は正常な初代ラット膵島細胞を用いて同様な結果を得た。すなわち、PHLDA3発現のノックダウンはグルコース刺激の存在下及び非存在下でAkt活性化と有意な細胞増殖促進を生じた(図4F-4H)。次に、本発明者はインスリン産生β細胞特異的な毒性を示すストレプトゾトシン(STZ)により誘発された膵島細胞のアポトーシスに対するPHLDA3発現の効果を分析した。siRNAによるPHLDA3発現の抑制は単離されたラット膵島においてあまり強くなかったが(図4I)、このノックダウンはSTZ処理によるアポトーシス細胞数を有意に減少した(図4J)。これらの結果は、PHLDA3のノックダウンが膵島細胞の増殖を促進し、アポトーシスを抑制することを実証する。
PHLDA3遺伝子はp53標的遺伝子であり、これを介して癌遺伝子Aktを抑制することで発がんを抑制する。PHLDA3は肺・膵神経内分泌腫瘍の発症抑制に関与していることが明らかになったが、その検討の際、PHLDA3の抑制により、膵臓内の膵ランゲルハンス島(膵島:血糖のコントロールに関与)が過形成を起こし、通常に比べ大きく、またその内容はベータ細胞(インスリンの分泌に関与)のみが増殖していることが明らかになった。この結果は、PHLDA3の操作により膵島の機能が通常よりも向上されることを示唆するものであり、膵島を移植することで血糖の是正を図る糖尿病の細胞治療:膵島移植に応用できるのではないかと考えられた。そこでわれわれは、PHLDA3ノックアウトマウス(以降KO)より膵島を分離・確保し、糖尿病マウスに移植することで、野生型のマウス(以降WT)の膵島に比べ膵島移植の効果が向上するか検討を進めている。
臨床における膵島移植は門脈を介して肝臓に生着させる肝臓内移植が主流である。まず、肝臓内膵島移植におけるPHLDA3 KO膵島の治療効果をWT膵島移植群と比較することで検討した。移植膵島は150であるが、これは血糖値を正常化させるために必要最低限の膵島数(マージナルドナー数)を下回る(我々の検討では、肝臓内膵島移植に必要なマージナルドナー数は200-300膵島である)。図5A. 肝臓内膵島移植後の糖尿病マウスの血糖推移を示す。移植後56日までの評価であるが、PHLDA3 KO膵島移植群はWT膵島移植群に比べ、特に移植後42以降劇的に血糖が改善した。図5B. KO膵島移植群において血糖が正常化(200mg/dL以下)したマウスも多く、WTが10%であったのに対し、KOは42%であった(有意差はなし)。図5C. グルコース溶液を腹腔内投与した後の経時的な血糖推移(糖負荷試験)を示す。縦軸は血糖値の時間経過の積(血糖変化面積:GTT-AUC)であるが、KO群で有意に低値であった。これはKOにおける糖負荷後の血糖変化がWTに比べ低値で経過したことを示す。図5D. 移植後の血清インスリン値の変化を示す。これも有意差はないものの、KOはWTに比べ高値であった。移植後の基礎血清インスリン値に上昇傾向がみられ、KO移植群における耐糖能の改善につながったものと考えられた。図5E. 移植後56日にマウスより肝臓を摘出し、標本観察を行い、生着した膵島の数を比較した。WT群では膵島の生着が見られないものが多かったのに対し、KO群ではほとんどのサンプルに膵島が確認できた。有意差こそないが、KO群で多くの膵島が生着している傾向が認められた。
Claims (13)
- 臓器もしくは組織の細胞を含む移植材料の調製方法であって、前記細胞がPHLDA3の発現抑制下の細胞から構成されることを特徴とする、移植材料の調製方法。
- 前記移植材料が腎臓、肝臓、肺、心臓、小腸、膵臓または膵島の移植材料である、請求項1に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- 移植材料を構成する細胞がMEN1の機能を保持している、請求項1又は2に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- 移植材料の調製をPHLDA3の発現又は機能を抑制する物質の作用下に行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- PHLDA3の発現抑制剤がPHLDA3のsiRNAであり、PHLDA3のsiRNAを細胞内に導入して移植材料の調製を行う、請求項4に記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- ジェノタイプがPHLDA3(-/-)またはPHLDA3(+/-)の細胞を用いて移植材料を調製することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- 細胞が生体適合性のカプセルに封入されている、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の移植材料の調製方法。
- 臓器又は組織の細胞から構成される移植材料であって、細胞のジェノタイプがPHLDA3(-/-)またはPHLDA3(+/-)である、移植材料。
- 非ヒト哺乳動物由来である請求項8に記載の移植材料。
- 移植材料が膵島である、請求項8又は9に記載の移植材料。
- PHLDA3抑制剤を含む糖尿病治療薬。
- PHLDA3プロモーターの制御下にレポーター遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを導入した細胞に候補物質を作用させ、レポーター遺伝子の発現量を低下させる候補物質を選択することを特徴とする、糖尿病治療薬のスクリーニング方法。
- PHLDA3の発現又は機能を抑制する物質を有効成分とする移植効率向上剤。
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