JPWO2013118783A1 - 高分子化ニトロキシド化合物と無機粒子の有機−無機ハイブリッド複合体 - Google Patents
高分子化ニトロキシド化合物と無機粒子の有機−無機ハイブリッド複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2013118783A1 JPWO2013118783A1 JP2013557553A JP2013557553A JPWO2013118783A1 JP WO2013118783 A1 JPWO2013118783 A1 JP WO2013118783A1 JP 2013557553 A JP2013557553 A JP 2013557553A JP 2013557553 A JP2013557553 A JP 2013557553A JP WO2013118783 A1 JPWO2013118783 A1 JP WO2013118783A1
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- alkylene
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Abstract
Description
式中、PEGはポリ(エチレングリコール)を含むセグメントであり、
CNRは、連結基、好ましくは、少なくとも1つのイミノ(−NH−)またはオキシ(−O−)を有する連結基を介してポリマー主鎖に結合した環状ニトロキシドラジカルをペンダント基の一部として含む反復単位を含むポリマーセグメントである。
ここで、ポリマー主鎖は重合性不飽和二重結合に由来し、当該主鎖にフェニレンの未結合末端が結合している。このようなポリマー主鎖の構造について、特許文献1の記載を参照できる(特許文献1は引用することにより本明細書の内容に組み込まれる)。
Aは、非置換または置換C1−C12アルコキシを表し、置換されている場合の置換基は、ホルミル基、式R1R2CH−(ここで、R1及びR2は独立して、C1−C4アルコキシまたはR1とR2は一緒になって−OCH2CH2O−、−O(CH2)3O−もしくは−O(CH2)4O−を表す。)の基を表し、
L1は、単結合、−(CH2)cS−、−CO(CH2)cS−、からなる群より選ばれ、ここでcは1ないし5の整数であり、
L2は、−C1−6アルキレン−NH−(C1−6アルキレン)q−または−C1−6アルキレン−O−(C1−6アルキレン)q−であり、ここでqは0または1であり、そして
Rは、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−1−オキシル−4−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリジン−1−オキシル−3−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリン−1−オキシル−3−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−オキサゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル、2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−チアゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−イミダゾリンジン−3−オキシル−2−イルからなる群より選ばれる環状ニトロキシドラジカル化合物の残基を表し、
L2−Rは、nの総数の少なくとも、50%、好ましくは70%、より好ましくは80%、特により好ましくは95%が存在することができ、存在しない場合、残りのL2−R部は、メチル、ハロ(例えば、クロロ、ブロモ、ヨード)メチルまたはヒドロキシメチル基であることができ、
mは、20〜5,000、好ましくは、20〜1,000、より好ましくは20〜500の整数であり、そして
nは、独立して、3〜1,000、好ましくは、3〜500、より好ましくは3〜100、特に好ましくは5〜50の整数である。
Rとしては、より好ましいものとして、次式
で表される基を挙げることができる。
シリカ内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Si−nRNP)の調製方法(その1)
両親媒性ブロックポリマー:PEG−b−PMNT(下記式におけるmが約100であり、nが約20のものに相当する。それぞれ、m部のMnが4600で、PCMSのMnが3,300から換算した)の水溶液(5mg/mL,1mL,pH3)に、シリカナノ粒子(10nm,0.5mg)を加え、室温で撹拌した。次に、水酸化ナトリウムを加えて、pH9に調整することによってシリカ内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Si−nRNP)を作製した(図1参照)。
シリカ内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Si−nRNP)の調製方法(その2)
スクリューに0.2μmのシリンジフィルターを通したDMF 2mLと両親媒性ブロックポリマーポリマー:PEG−b−PMNT 10mgを入れ、ドライヤーを用いて熱を与え、ポリマーを完全に溶解した。このスクリュー管にさらに、シリカナノ粒子(日産化学、MEK−ST、10−15nm、2.1−15.5mg)を所定量加えた。あらかじめ水に浸し膨潤させておいた分画分子量3500の透析膜にポリマーのDMF溶液をパスツールピペットで移し、2Lの蒸留水に対して透析を行った。数時間おきに外液の蒸留水を交換し、24時間透析を行った。回収した溶液に蒸留水を加え全量を6.5mLとした。この溶液に塩化ナトリウムを10mg/mlの濃度で加えた後、0.2μmのシリンジフィルターを通し、内包されていないシリカ粒子を除去した。シリカの内包量はプラズマ発光分光分析装置によりケイ素(Si)の定量を行った。結果を下記表1に示す。
シリカ内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Si−nRNP)の調製方法(その3)
(1)調製方法:
nRNP(20mg/mL)水溶液1mLにテトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)または市販のシリカ粒子(日産化学、スノーテックス)を所定量加え80℃で24時間撹拌した。撹拌後水を用いて透析(MWCO=1,000,000)を行い精製し、シリカ内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Si−nRNP)を得た。内包されたシリカの量はプラズマ発光分光分析装置により定量した。結果を図3に示す。
(2)上記で得られたSi−nRNPの水溶液中での安定性
上記の方法で作成したSi−nRNPまたはSi不含nRNPを、それぞれ指定するpH水溶液で室温下、15分間インキュベートした際の粒子の安定性を光散乱強度で評価した。結果を図4に示す。
シリカ内包ナノ粒子に抗炎症作用を有する薬剤であるレパミピドの内包
シリカ含有量が異なるシリカ内包ナノ粒子4種類(シリカ含有量0wt%,11wt%,14wt%,36wt%,88wt%/ポリマー重量)を、各1mLをマイクロチューブに移し、レバミピド3mgを加え、室温下、撹拌機により24時間rpm500で撹拌を行った。撹拌後、内包されていないレバミピドを除去するために0.2μmのシリンジフィルターを通した。
作製したレパミピド内包粒子のレパミピド含有量は、レバミピドの吸収極大波長である330nmの吸収スペクトルを測定することで解析した。その結果を図5に示す。
薬剤として、上記の製造実施例4のレバミピドを内包したナノ粒子(ポリマー重量当りシリカ8.5wt含有)の酸性条件下での安定性を評価する為にpH3での散乱強度変化を測定した。ディスポーザブル・ロウ・サイズ・キュベット(Disporsable low size cuvette)に、脱イオン水350μL、緩衝液(pH3)40μLを入れ、ピペッティングにより撹拌した後、サンプルを10μL入れ、散乱強度を測定した。なお、測定は1分間に1回測定する条件に設定し、pH3に調節してから4分後に測定を開始し、連続で15分間散乱強度を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
pH3の酸性条件下にナノ粒子(上記の試験2と同じ)を20分間放置した際の内包されている薬剤レバミピドの放出挙動の評価を行った。酸性条件下でナノ粒子が崩壊し、レバミピドが放出されていれば、0.2μmのシリンジフィルターを通すことで除去することが可能である。
腹膜透析モデルとして、市販で用いられている透析液(ダイアニール−N PD4、Baxter、成分(w/v%)ブドウ糖1.36 塩化カルシウム0.0183 塩化マグネシウム0.00508 乳酸ナトリウム0.448 塩化ナトリウム0.538、体積10mL)とSi−nRNP(ポリマー濃度5mg/mL、シリカゲル濃度0.25mg/mL)が入った透析膜(分画分子量12,000〜14,000)を尿素溶液(190mg/dL、20mL)の中に浸し、外液にある尿素量を比色分析法により定量した。外液の尿素量を示す結果を図8に示す。市販に用いられている透析液やRNP含有透析液では、透析速度が同程度であったが、Si−nRNPを用いると透析効率が向上することが明らかとなった。この結果は、Si−nRNPを透析液として用いた場合に、透析時間や効率を向上させることを示す。
通常、低分子量の化合物は、腹腔内に投与した後、血中に取り込まれ、全身に拡散することが懸念される。実際に低分子化合物TEMPOを腹腔内に投与した後、血中内の電子スピン共鳴(ESR)シグナルを測定した結果を図9に示す。図9から、一時間以上にわたって、血中に薬物が存在することが明らかである。高濃度の低分子TEMPO化合物の投与は、血圧低下やミトコンドリアのエネルギー伝達系の阻害などの副作用を生じる。一方、シリカ内包RNP(Si−nRNP)は腹膜から全く透過しないため、血中移行性がないことを確認できた。これは、全身への毒性を懸念する必要がなく、極めて安全な腹膜透析液として期待されるデータである。
腹膜硬化モデルラットは、0.1%(v/v)のグルコンサンクロロへキシジン(Chlorhexidine gluconate)を腹腔内に一週間毎日投与することにより作成した。また生理食塩水(saline)、Si−nRNP、もしくは低分子化合物TEMPOLを同時に一週間毎日投与することによって、その腹膜劣化抑制効果を腹膜炎症により産生されるスーパーオキシド量を定量することにより調べた。結果を図10に示す。
磁性粒子内包ニトロキシドラジカル含有ナノ粒子(Fe−nRNP)の調製方法−pH7.4(生体条件下)における表面修飾−
1.5mLマイクロチューブに、各カチオン性セグメントPMNTの重合度(unit:製造実施例1の式中のnの値に相当する。)がそれぞれ、5, 10, 20, 30unitのPEG−b−PMNTを、磁性粒子(90μg(カルボキシ基22.5nmol、ライフテクノロジーズから入手、製品名:Dynabeads (r)M−270 Carboxylic Acid、粒径:2.8μm)のカルボキシ基に対して、50、100、200アミノmol等量をそれぞれ秤量した。表3に仕込み量をまとめる。0.1M HClの10μLをPEG−b−PMNTに加えることによりPEG−b−PMNTを溶かし、磁性粒子を3μL(90μg、22.5カルボキシ基mol)とpH7.4のリン酸バッファーを240mL加え、pHを測定した。0.1M NaOHと0.1M HClを用いてpHを7.4に調整し、約24時間攪拌した。攪拌後、磁性粒子表面に吸着していない未吸着PEG−b−PMNTを除去するため、磁石を用いてPEG−b−PMNT修飾磁性粒子(Fe−nRNP)を壁面に集め、溶液を洗浄した。その後pH7.4のリン酸バッファーを250μL加え、撹拌後、同様に溶液を取り除くことにより未吸着のPEG−b−PMNTを取り除いた。この動作を4回繰り返すことで未吸着のPEG−b−PMNTを完全に取り除いた。取り除いたことを確認するために、4回目の洗浄液を回収しておき、電子スピン共鳴(ESR)測定をすることでシグナルが消失していることを確認した。PEG−b−PMNTの修飾量は、ESR測定を用い、電子スピンスペクトルの積分値により行った。
Claims (15)
- 無機粒子とポリマーを含む有機−無機ハイブリッド複合体であって、
無機粒子がシリカ粒子及び磁性粒子からなる群より選ばれ、
ポリマーが一般式(I)で表されるブロックコポリマーである、複合体。
PEG−CNR (I)
式中、PEGはポリ(エチレングリコール)を含むセグメントであり、
CNRは、連結基を介してポリマー主鎖に結合した環状ニトロキシドラジカルをペンダント基の一部として含む反復単位を含むポリマーセグメントである。 - 無機粒子が、平均粒径3nm〜1000nmのシリカ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 無機粒子が、平均粒径3nm〜1mmのFe3O4、γ−Fe2O3、FePtからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の磁性粒子を含む請求項1に記載の複合体。
- ブロックコポリマーの連結基が、少なくとも1つのイミノ(−NH−)またはオキシ(−O−)を含む、請求項2または3に記載の複合体。
- ブロックポリマーの連結基がo−もしくはp−フェニレン−C1−6アルキレン−NH−(C1−6アルキレン)q−またはo−もしくはp−フェニレン−C1−6アルキレン−O−(C1−6アルキレン)q−(ここで、qは0または1である)であり、当該連結基を介してポリマー主鎖に結合した環状ニトロキシドラジカルが、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−1−オキシル−4−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリジン−1−オキシル−3−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリン−1−オキシル−3−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−オキサゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル、2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−チアゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−イミダゾリンジン−3−オキシル−2−イルからなる群より選ばれ、
ここで、ポリマー主鎖が重合性不飽和二重結合に由来し、当該主鎖に前記フェニレンの未結合末端が結合しており、かつ、
シリカ粒子が平均粒径3nm〜500nmであり、磁性粒子の平均粒径が3nm〜1000nmである、請求項1に記載の複合体。 - 無機粒子とポリマーを含む有機−無機ハイブリッド複合体であって、
無機粒子が、平均粒径3nm〜1000nmのシリカ粒子、または平均粒径3nm〜1mmのFe3O4、γ−Fe2O3及びFePtからなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む磁性粒子であり、
ポリマーが、一般式(II)で表される、複合体。
Aは、非置換または置換C1−C12アルコキシを表し、置換されている場合の置換基は、ホルミル基、式R1R2CH−(ここで、R1及びR2は独立して、C1−C4アルコキシまたはR1とR2は一緒になって−OCH2CH2O−、−O(CH2)3O−もしくは−O(CH2)4O−を表す。)の基を表し、
L1は、単結合、−(CH2)cS−、−CO(CH2)cS−、からなる群より選ばれ、ここでcは1ないし5の整数であり、
L2は、−C1−6アルキレン−NH−(C1−6アルキレン)q−または−C1−6アルキレン−O−(C1−6アルキレン)q−であり、ここでqは0または1であり、そして
Rは、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−1−オキシル−4−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリジン−1−オキシル−3−イル、2,2,5,5−テトラメチルピロリン−1−オキシル−3−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−オキサゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル、2,4,4−トリメチル−1,3−チアゾリジン−3−オキシル−2−イル及び2,4,4−トリメチル−イミダゾリンジン−3−オキシル−2−イルからなる群より選ばれ、
L2−Rは、nの総数の少なくとも50%が存在し、存在しない場合、残りのL2−R部は、メチル、ハロメチルまたはヒドロキシメチル基であることができ、
mは、20〜5,000の整数であり、そして
nは、独立して、3〜1,000の整数である。 - L2が、−C1−6アルキレン−NH−(C1−6アルキレン)q−である、請求項6または7に記載の複合体。
- L2が、−C1−6アルキレン−O−(C1−6アルキレン)q−である、請求項6または7に記載の複合体。
- 無機粒子が、シリカ粒子である、請求項6または7に記載の複合体。
- 無機粒子が、磁性粒子である、請求項6または7に記載の複合体。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の複合体であって、無機粒子がシリカ粒子である複合体と製薬学的に許容され得る希釈剤または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の複合体であって、無機粒子がシリカ粒子である複合体と製薬学的に許容され得る希釈剤または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物であって、腹膜透析液の形態にある、組成物。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の複合体であって、無機粒子がシリカ粒子である複合体と経口投与により腸にデリバリーされる薬物を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の複合体であって、無機粒子がシリカ粒子である複合体の腹膜透析液を調製するための、使用。
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JP2011173960A (ja) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-08 | Univ Of Tsukuba | 高分子ミセル型光刺激応答性一酸化窒素供与体 |
JP2011184429A (ja) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-09-22 | Univ Of Tsukuba | 低分子抗酸化剤及び高分子化環状ニトロキシドラジカル化合物を含む組成物 |
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US7029906B2 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2006-04-18 | Toshio Miyata | Carbonyl stress-ameliorating agents |
JP4643314B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-10 | 2011-03-02 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 規則的に配列したナノ粒子状シリカ、及びその製造方法 |
JP5264783B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-12 | 2013-08-14 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | NOx吸着用二官能性活性部位 |
JP2009057609A (ja) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Japan Advanced Institute Of Science & Technology Hokuriku | 磁性体ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 |
US8980241B2 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2015-03-17 | University Of Tsukuba | Polymerized cyclic nitroxide radical compound and use thereof |
JP5850518B2 (ja) | 2010-11-22 | 2016-02-03 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | 高分子化環状ニトロキシドラジカル化合物の潰瘍性消化管の炎症の処置剤 |
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JPH10298280A (ja) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-10 | Ciba Specialty Chem Holding Inc | ポリアルキレングリコール基を含有するヒンダードアミン |
JP2008525600A (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2008-07-17 | アボット カーディオヴァスキュラー システムズ インコーポレイテッド | ポリ(エステルアミド)ブロックコポリマー |
JP2011184429A (ja) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-09-22 | Univ Of Tsukuba | 低分子抗酸化剤及び高分子化環状ニトロキシドラジカル化合物を含む組成物 |
JP2011173960A (ja) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-08 | Univ Of Tsukuba | 高分子ミセル型光刺激応答性一酸化窒素供与体 |
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CN104204082B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
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US9333265B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
CN104204082A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
US20150118310A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2813546A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
JP6083814B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
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