JPWO2008087942A1 - Cutting tool and cutting device - Google Patents

Abstract

A cutting tool in which a cutting tip (42) is mounted on the tip of a long holder (41), and the holder (41) has two support surfaces (41a) formed of side surfaces facing each other. 41b) and an elongated ultrasonic transducer (43) disposed on a side surface different from the support surface, and ultrasonic vibrations with each of the support surfaces (41a, 41b) of the holder (41) By using the cutting tool (40) characterized in that the air phase space (46, 47) is formed between the child (43), it is possible to cut the workpiece with stable and high accuracy. .

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tool and a cutting apparatus that can be advantageously used for cutting a workpiece made of a metal material or a resin material.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a workpiece made of a metal material or a resin material is cut using a cutting tool (bite) having a configuration in which a cutting tip is attached to the tip of a long holder.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of a cutting device (lathe) provided with a known cutting tool, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of the cutting tool 20 and the holder support 11 shown in FIG.

  The cutting device 10 includes a cutting tool 20 in which a cutting tip 22 is attached to the tip of a long holder 21 and two support surfaces 21 a and 21 b facing each other on the rear side of the holder 21. Is constituted by a cutting unit 13 including a holder support 11 to be supported by, a moving device 12 of the holder support 11, and a support unit 15 including a rotation support 14 of the workpiece 19. And the ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 23a, 23b is provided in the side surface of the holder 21 of this cutting tool 20. FIG. A cutting device having the same configuration as that of the cutting device 10 is described in Patent Document 1, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the holder support 11 of the cutting unit 13 has a configuration in which an upper plate 11a and a lower plate 11b are connected via a column 11c. The holder support 11 supports the rear portion of the holder 21 disposed on the upper surface of the lower plate 11b by tightening with a bolt 11d.

  The cutting tool 20 can be moved in the vertical and horizontal directions in the figure together with the holder support 11 by operating the handles 12a and 12b of the moving device 12 shown in FIG. The cutting tool 20 can also be swung (or rotated) about an axis perpendicular to the paper surface of the drawing together with the holder support 11 by operating the lever 12 c of the moving device 12.

  The support unit 15 includes a rotary support 14 including a rotary shaft 14a that can be rotated by a driving device (not shown), and a chuck 14b attached to the tip of the rotary shaft 14a. For example, a cylindrical workpiece 19 is rotatably supported on the chuck 14b.

  The workpiece 19 is cut according to the following procedure, for example. First, the processing object 19 is rotated by driving the rotating shaft 14 a of the support unit 15. Next, electric energy is applied to each of the ultrasonic vibrators 23a and 23b of the cutting tool 20 to generate ultrasonic vibration. This ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the cutting tip 22 through the holder 21 to cause the cutting tip 22 to vibrate ultrasonically. Then, the cutting tool 20 is moved by operating the handles 12a, 12b or the lever 12c of the moving device 12, and the cutting tip 22 that is ultrasonically vibrated is brought into contact with the inner surface of the rotating workpiece 19, The workpiece 19 is cut. Usually, a cutting fluid (typical example, water) is supplied to the contact portion between the workpiece 19 and the cutting tip 22.

Since the cutting resistance is lowered by ultrasonically vibrating the cutting tip in this way, and the heat generation and thermal expansion of the processing target due to friction with the cutting tip are suppressed, the processing target can be cut with high accuracy. .
International Publication No. 06/114919 (Figs. 8 and 9)

  By using the cutting tool provided with the ultrasonic vibrator as described above, the workpiece can be cut with high accuracy.

  However, the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator not only causes the cutting tip to vibrate ultrasonically but also propagates to the holder support through the holder, resulting in loss of vibration energy. For this reason, in order to ultrasonically vibrate the cutting tip with a predetermined amplitude, it is necessary to apply large electrical energy (eg, AC voltage) to compensate for the loss of the vibration energy to the ultrasonic vibrator. As described above, when large electric energy is applied to the ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator generates heat and the holder and the cutting tip are thermally expanded, so that the accuracy of cutting the workpiece is lowered.

  Further, when the cutting of the workpiece is continued, the holder supported by the holder support may move slightly due to the ultrasonic vibration generated in the holder, and the cutting accuracy of the workpiece may vary.

  Furthermore, the cutting tool has a natural frequency corresponding to the shape of the tip-side portion that can freely vibrate without being constrained by the holder support, that is, the tip-side portion protruding from the holder support (hereinafter referred to as a protruding portion). (Resonance frequency). Then, by applying an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency to ultrasonically vibrate the ultrasonic vibrator, the cutting tool is efficiently vibrated (with a large amplitude) at the resonance frequency together with the cutting tip. be able to. However, the shape of the protruding portion of the cutting tool, that is, the resonance frequency of the cutting tool, varies depending on the holder support position by the holder support, that is, how the holder is attached to the holder support. The amplitude of fluctuates. That is, in this cutting tool, since the cutting conditions (frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tip) vary depending on how the holder is attached to the holder support, it is difficult to cut the workpiece with stable accuracy. .

  The subject of this invention is providing the cutting tool and cutting device which can cut a workpiece with the stable high precision.

  The present invention includes a cutting tool in which a cutting tip is attached to the tip of a long holder, a holder support that supports the rear portion of the holder with two support surfaces facing each other among the side surfaces of the holder, A cutting apparatus comprising a cutting unit including a holder support moving device and a support unit including a rotation support for a workpiece, wherein the holder has a long ultrasonic transducer on a side surface different from the support surface. And an air phase space is formed between each of the support surfaces of the holder and the ultrasonic transducer.

  The present invention is also a cutting tool in which a cutting tip is mounted on the tip of a long holder, and the holder includes two support surfaces each having side surfaces facing each other, and the support surface. Are provided with long ultrasonic vibrators arranged on different side surfaces, and an air phase space is formed between each of the support surfaces of the holder and the ultrasonic vibrator. There are also tools.

The preferable aspect of the cutting tool with which the cutting apparatus of this invention is provided is as follows.
(1) The air phase space is composed of a porous material layer.
(2) The air phase space is composed of a hollow layer formed in parallel with the support surface of the holder.
(3) The air phase space is composed of a plurality of recesses formed on the support surface of the holder.

  By using the cutting tool and the cutting apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator from being transmitted to the holder support through the holder. Can be cut with.

  A cutting device of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the cutting apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the cutting tool 40 shown in FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view of the cutting tool 40 and the holder support 11 shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 shows the cutting tool 40 cut along the cutting line I-I written in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the holder support tool 11. FIG.

  The cutting device 30 includes a cutting tool 40 in which a cutting tip 42 is attached to the tip of a long holder 41, and two support surfaces 41a and 41b facing each other on the rear side of the holder 41 on the side of the holder 41. Are constituted by a cutting unit 33 including a holder support 11 to be supported by the holder 11 and a moving device 12 of the holder support 11, a support unit 15 including a rotation support 14 of the workpiece 19, and the like. In the cutting apparatus 30, the holder 41 of the cutting tool 40 includes a long ultrasonic vibrator 43 on a side surface different from the support surfaces 41a and 41b, and each of the support surfaces 41a and 41b of the holder 41 The main feature is that air phase spaces 46 and 47 are formed between the ultrasonic transducer 43 and the ultrasonic transducer 43.

  The configuration of the cutting device 30 is the same as that of the cutting tool 10 of FIG. 1 except that the configuration of the cutting tool is different. For this reason, below, the cutting tool 40 which is the characterizing part of the cutting device 30 is mainly demonstrated, referring FIGS. 3-6.

  The cutting tool 40 has a configuration in which a cutting tip 42 is attached to the tip of a long holder 41. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the holder 41 of the cutting tool 40 is provided with a long ultrasonic transducer 43 on a side surface different from the support surfaces 41 a and 41 b, and the support surface of the holder 41 Air phase spaces 46 and 47 are formed between each of 41 a and 41 b and the ultrasonic transducer 43.

  The holder 41 is made of, for example, steel or cemented carbide. The rear portion of the holder 41 is supported by the holder support 11 on the two support surfaces 41 a and 41 b facing each other among the side surfaces of the holder 41.

  Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the shape of a holder, Usually, it sets to the shape of a prism, Especially preferably, the shape of a square prism. In addition, as long as the holder can be supported by the holder support, the side surface including the support surface of the holder may be a curved surface. For example, if the holder shape is set to a cylindrical shape and a holder support is used that supports the holder sandwiched between the curved surfaces of a pair of supports having a curved surface corresponding to the outer circumferential surface thereof, the outer circumferential surface of the holder The surface portion in contact with the curved surface of the support corresponds to the support surface.

  The cutting tip 42 is fixed to the tip of the holder 41 using, for example, a hexagon socket head bolt 48. A method for attaching the cutting tip to the holder is not particularly limited, and a known method (eg, a method for brazing the tip to the holder, a method for clamping the tip to the holder using a presser foot, etc.) can be employed.

  As a cutting tip, a known shape set to an appropriate shape (eg, polygonal or circular) according to the type of cutting performed on the workpiece (eg, external rounding, grooving, threading, parting off, boring) These cutting tips can be used.

  The cutting tip is formed of, for example, cemented carbide, cermet, high speed, ceramics, or diamond.

  As the ultrasonic vibrator 43, for example, a piezoelectric vibrator including a piezoelectric body 44 and a pair of electrodes 45a and 45b is used.

  The ultrasonic transducer 43 generates ultrasonic vibrations by applying electric energy (eg, AC voltage) to the pair of electrodes 45a and 45b.

  A typical example of the material of the piezoelectric body 44 is a lead zirconate titanate-based piezoelectric ceramic material. The piezoelectric body 44 is polarized in the direction indicated by the arrow 44a in FIG. Examples of the material of each of the electrodes 45a and 45b include metal materials such as silver and phosphor bronze.

  The ultrasonic vibrator 43 is fixed to the side surface of the holder 41 using an electrically insulating adhesive such as an epoxy resin. Thereby, the ultrasonic vibrator 43 and the holder 41 are electrically insulated from each other. In addition, by using a conductive adhesive as the adhesive, the electrode 45b and the holder 41 can be electrically connected to each other, and electrical energy can be applied to the electrode 45b via the holder 41.

  Further, in order to prevent the electrode 45a and the electrode 45b from being electrically short-circuited with each other via the cutting fluid when a cutting fluid (eg, water) exhibiting conductivity is used in the cutting process, ultrasonic waves are used. The vibrator 43 is preferably subjected to a waterproof treatment (eg, application of an insulating paint).

  An AC power supply 52 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer 43 via an electrical wiring 51. The electrical wiring 51 may be electrically connected to the rear portion of the ultrasonic transducer 43 (for example, the portion protruding to the right side of the holder support 11 in FIG. 3).

  As the AC power source 52, it is preferable to use an ultrasonic oscillator having a frequency tracking circuit that automatically adjusts the frequency of the generated AC voltage to a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the cutting tool 40.

  When the AC voltage generated by the AC power supply 52 is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 43, the ultrasonic transducer 43 is ultrasonically expanded and contracted along its length (in the left and right directions in FIG. 5). Vibrate. As the ultrasonic transducer 43 expands and contracts in this way, the side surface of the holder to which the ultrasonic transducer 43 is fixed expands and contracts greatly in the length direction of the holder, but the side surface facing this side surface hardly expands or contracts. For this reason, the front-end | tip part of the holder 41 ultrasonically vibrates with the cutting tip 42 in the direction shown by the arrow 49a written in FIG.

  In order to sufficiently expand and contract the long ultrasonic vibrator 43 together with the holder 41, the length of the ultrasonic vibrator is preferably set to a value of 30% or more, particularly 50% or more of the length of the holder. . The ultrasonic transducer may protrude from the front end or the rear end of the holder, but this protruding portion is easily damaged when it comes into strong contact with a holder support or the like. Therefore, practically, the length of the ultrasonic transducer is set to a value equal to or less than the length of the holder (100% or less of the length of the holder). The long ultrasonic transducer can also be configured by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic transducer pieces side by side along the length direction of the holder on the side surface of the holder.

  In the cutting device 30, an AC voltage generated by the AC power supply 52 is applied to generate an ultrasonic vibration by the ultrasonic vibrator 43, and this ultrasonic vibration is applied through the holder 41, so that the ultrasonic vibration is applied. By cutting the cutting tip 42 to be brought into contact with the inner surface of the rotating workpiece 19, the workpiece 19 is cut. The operation of the cutting device 30 is the same as that of the cutting device 10 of FIG.

  When the workpiece 19 is cut in this way, the air phase spaces 46 and 47 included in the cutting tool 40 are subjected to ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 43 via the support surfaces 41 a and 41 b of the holder 41. Transmission to the holder support 11 is suppressed. The reason is as follows.

  Each of the air phase spaces 46 and 47 of the cutting tool 40 is composed of each of porous material layers 56 and 57 provided in the holder 41. That is, the air phase space 46 is composed of a large number of bubbles 46 a, 46 b,... Included in the porous material layer 56, and the air phase space 47 is composed of a large number of bubbles similarly included in the porous material layer 57. Yes.

  In general, when two different materials are in contact with each other to form an interface, if the acoustic impedance values inherent in each material are significantly different from each other, the sound waves transmitted through one material toward the other It is known that most of the light is reflected at the interface and hardly transmitted to the other material. The acoustic impedance is determined by the product of the density of the substance and the speed of sound in the substance. Since the density value of the solid and the gas, that is, the value of the acoustic impedance are greatly different from each other, for example, most of the sound waves transmitted through the solid are reflected at the interface between the solid and the gas and are in the gas. Is hardly transmitted.

  When the air phase spaces 46 and 47 are formed in the holder 41 as described above, between the support surface 41a of the holder 41 and the ultrasonic transducer 43, the holder (solid) 41 and the air phase space ( An ultrasonic reflection surface comprising an interface with the gas 46 is formed, and similarly, between the support surface 41 b of the holder 41 and the ultrasonic transducer 43, an interface between the holder 41 and the air phase space 47 is formed. An ultrasonic reflecting surface is formed.

  For this reason, most of the ultrasonic vibration generated in the ultrasonic vibrator 43 during the cutting process and applied to the holder 41 reaches the ultrasonic reflection surface constituted by the air phase space 46, and most of the ultrasonic vibration is generated. It is reflected by the ultrasonic reflecting surface and is transmitted to the side opposite to the support surface 41 a side of the holder 41. Then, when the ultrasonic vibration reaches the ultrasonic reflection surface constituted by the air phase space 47, most of the ultrasonic vibration is reflected by the ultrasonic reflection surface and is opposite to the support surface 41b side of the holder 41. Communicate to the side.

  Accordingly, most of the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 43 is transmitted through a portion between the air phase space 46 and the air phase space 47 of the holder 41 (hereinafter referred to as a holder vibration portion). Is applied to the cutting tip 42.

  On the other hand, the ultrasonic vibration is hardly transmitted to a portion (hereinafter referred to as a support portion) closer to the support surface 41 a than the air phase space 46 of the holder 41 and the holder support 11. Similarly, the ultrasonic vibration is hardly transmitted to a portion (hereinafter referred to as a support portion) closer to the support surface 41 b than the air phase space 47 of the holder 41 and to the holder support 11. For this reason, vibration energy loss of ultrasonic vibration hardly occurs.

  As described above, when the cutting tool 40 is used, in order to ultrasonically vibrate the cutting tip 42 with a predetermined amplitude, the ultrasonic vibrator 43 compensates for the loss of vibration energy of the ultrasonic vibration (eg, (AC voltage) need not be applied. For this reason, since heat_generation | fever of the ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 43 and the thermal expansion of the holder 41 and the cutting tip 42 accompanying this are suppressed, a workpiece can be cut with high precision.

  In addition, since the ultrasonic vibration is hardly transmitted to each support portion of the holder 41, that is, each support portion hardly generates ultrasonic vibration, the holder support 11 is very stable on the support surfaces 41a and 41b. Can be supported. Therefore, even when cutting of the workpiece is continued, the holder 41 supported by the holder support 11 does not move due to the influence of ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 43. Therefore, the workpiece can be cut with stable accuracy.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, since the holder support 11 supports the holder 41 in a state in which each of the support portions is constrained, the vibrating portion of the holder 41 is a holder support tool. 11 can be vibrated freely with almost no restraint. For this reason, the resonance frequency of the vibration part of the holder 41 (which correlates with the resonance frequency of the cutting tool 40) is influenced by the support position of the holder 41 by the holder support tool 11, that is, how the holder is attached to the holder support tool 11. As a result, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tool 40 also shows a stable value. Accordingly, when the cutting tool 40 is used, the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tip 42 hardly fluctuate even when the support position of the holder 41 by the holder support 11 is changed. Can be cut with stable accuracy.

  Thus, by using the cutting device 30 provided with the cutting tool 40, it is possible to cut the workpiece with stable and high accuracy.

  Each air phase space of the holder is preferably formed in as wide an area as possible along the support surface of the holder. This is because the holder support member can reliably support the portion where the air phase space of the holder is formed, regardless of how the holder is attached to the holder support member. Although depending on the size of the holder support, each air phase space of the holder is preferably formed in a region corresponding to a region of 30% or more, preferably 50% or more of the support surface of the holder. In addition, since the holder tip is not supported by the holder tip, the air phase space is practically an area behind the cutting tip of the support surface (preferably, 95 of the support surface). % Region or less).

  The holder 41 of the cutting tool 40 shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 is formed by bonding, for example, a plate material formed of a porous material constituting each of the porous material layers 56 and 57 on the side surface of a known holder, for example, It can be easily manufactured by welding and fixing.

  A representative example of the porous material is a porous metal material. The plate material made of the porous material can be produced, for example, by compressing and sintering metal powder (or metal fiber) such as bronze, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium. The diameter of each bubble of the porous metal is generally in the range of 10 nm to several mm although it depends on the production method.

  The density (bulk density) of the plate material made of the porous material is preferably set to a value within a range of 5 to 75% of the density of the vibrating portion of the holder 41. When the density of the plate material made of the porous material is set to a value less than 5% of the density of the vibrating portion of the holder 41, the porous material layers 56 and 57 are plastically deformed or supported when the holder 41 is supported by the holder support 11. It may be damaged. On the other hand, when the density of the plate material made of the porous material is set to a value exceeding 75% of the density of the vibrating portion of the holder 41, the ultrasonic wave reflected by the ultrasonic wave reflecting surface composed of the air phase spaces 46 and 47 is used. The amount of sonic vibration is reduced.

  A part of the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 43 of the cutting tool 40 is transmitted from the right side surface of the holder 41 to the column 11 c of the holder support 11 in FIG. In order to suppress transmission of such ultrasonic vibration, an air phase space can be further formed in the vicinity of the side surface of the holder. This air phase space can be configured, for example, by further fixing a plate made of a porous material on the side surface. Alternatively, a thin film formed of a material (for example, a resin material typified by fluororesin) whose acoustic impedance value is significantly different from the metal material forming the holder is formed on the side surface, and the ultrasonic vibration is applied. You may reflect in the interface of the said thin film and a holder.

  FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another cutting tool used in the cutting apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a side view showing the cutting tool 70 of FIG. 7 supported by the holder support 11. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 70 and the holder support 11 cut along the cutting line II-II entered in FIG.

  The configuration of the cutting tool 70 is different from the support surfaces 41a and 41b of the holder 71, and the ultrasonic transducers 43a and 43b are fixed to the side surfaces facing each other, and the ultrasonic transducers 43a and 43b are The cutting tool 40 is the same as the cutting tool 40 shown in FIG. 4 except that it is housed in each of the recesses 71 a and 71 b formed in the holder 71. 7 indicate the polarization directions of the piezoelectric bodies of the ultrasonic transducers 43a and 43b, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the ultrasonic vibrators 43a and 43b are accommodated in the recesses 71a and 71b formed in the holder 71, the ultrasonic vibrator is supported by the holder when the cutting tool 70 is handled. It is possible to prevent damage due to strong contact with the tool 11 or the like. Further, it is possible to prevent the ultrasonic vibrator 43b from coming into contact with the column 11c of the holder support 11 and the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 43b from being directly transmitted to the column 11c. Since the holder 71 is in contact with the support 11 c at the porous material layers 56 and 57, the support 11 c extends from the vibrating portion of the holder 71 (the portion between the air phase space 46 and the air phase space 47 of the holder 71). Transmission of ultrasonic vibrations to is sufficiently suppressed.

  Further, if the holder 71 is provided with two ultrasonic transducers 43a and 43b, the direction in which the cutting tip 42 is ultrasonically vibrated can be controlled according to the type of cutting.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, when each of the ultrasonic transducers 43a and 43b is electrically connected to an AC power source 52 and a sinusoidal AC voltage generated by the power source 52 is applied to each transducer, The child 43a and the vibrator 43b ultrasonically vibrate in phase with each other in the length direction. That is, when the ultrasonic transducer 43a extends in the length direction, the ultrasonic transducer 43b also extends in the length direction, and when the transducer 43a contracts in the length direction, the transducer 43b also contracts in the length direction. . As a result, the tip end portion of the holder 71 is ultrasonically vibrated in the direction indicated by the arrow 79a shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, when a sinusoidal AC voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 43a and a sinusoidal AC voltage having a phase opposite to that of the sinusoidal AC voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 43b, the transducer 43a and the transducer 43b are long. It vibrates ultrasonically in opposite directions in the vertical direction. That is, when the ultrasonic transducer 43a extends in the length direction, the ultrasonic transducer 43b contracts in the length direction, and when the transducer 43a contracts in the length direction, the transducer 43b extends in the length direction. As a result, the tip of the holder 71 is ultrasonically vibrated in the direction indicated by the arrow 79b shown in FIG.

  FIG. 10 is a side view showing still another cutting tool used in the cutting apparatus of the present invention in a state where it is supported by the holder support 11. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 100 and the holder support 11 cut along the cutting line III-III entered in FIG.

  The cutting tool 100 is configured as shown in FIG. 7 except that each of the air phase spaces 106 and 107 of the holder 101 is formed of a hollow layer formed in parallel to each of the support surfaces 41 a and 41 b of the holder 101. The same as the tool 70.

  The air phase space (hollow layer) 106 includes a plurality of through holes 106a, 106b formed in the holder 101 in parallel with the support surface 41a, and the air phase space (hollow layer) 107 also includes Similarly, it is composed of a plurality of through holes formed in parallel with the support surface 41 b of the holder 41.

  The cutting tool 100 is easily produced without using another material (the plate made of the porous material) by forming a plurality of through holes in a known holder, for example, by electric discharge machining. It has the advantage of being able to. In addition, each through-hole which comprises air phase space does not need to penetrate the holder, and may be formed toward the front-end | tip part of a holder from the rear-end surface of a holder.

  FIG. 12 is a side view showing still another cutting tool used in the cutting apparatus of the present invention in a state where it is supported by the holder support 11. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 120 and the holder support 11 cut along the cutting line IV-IV entered in FIG.

  The cutting tool 120 has a structure in which an air phase space (hollow layer) 126 of the holder 121 includes four slit-shaped through holes 126a, 126b, 126c, and 126d that are formed in the holder 121 in parallel with the support surface 41a. The air phase space (hollow layer) 127 is also composed of four slit-shaped through holes formed in parallel with the support surface 41b of the holder 121, respectively. 100.

  The cutting tool 120 has an advantage that the air phase spaces 126 and 127 of the holder 121 are easily formed as compared with the cutting tool 100 of FIG. Further, as will be described later with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18, there is an advantage that an ultrasonic transducer can be further arranged inside the slit-shaped through holes constituting each air phase space. .

  FIG. 14 is a plan view showing still another cutting tool used in the cutting apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 140 cut along the cutting line VV entered in FIG. However, in FIG. 15, the cutting tool 140 is shown in a state where it is supported by the holder support 11.

  In the configuration of the cutting tool 140, the air phase space 146 of the holder 141 is composed of a plurality of recesses 146a, 146b,... Formed in the support surface 41a, and the air phase space 147 is also formed in the support surface 41b. 10 is the same as the cutting tool 100 of FIG.

  The cutting tool 140 has an advantage that the strength of the holder 141 can be increased because the volume of the air phase space of the holder 141 can be reduced as compared with the cutting tool 100 of FIG. Moreover, when attaching the holder 141 to the holder support tool 11, it has the advantage that the site | part in which the air layer space 146 of the holder 141 is formed can be confirmed easily.

  FIG. 16 is a plan view showing still another cutting tool used in the cutting apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a side view of the cutting tool 160 of FIG. 18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 160 cut along the cutting line VI-VI entered in FIG.

  The cutting tool 160 is configured such that additional ultrasonic transducers 163 a, 163 b, and 163 c are provided inside three slit-shaped through holes that constitute the air phase space 166 of the holder 161, and the air phase space 167. 12 is the same as the cutting tool 120 of FIG. 12 except that additional ultrasonic transducers 173a, 173b, and 173c are respectively provided in the three slit-shaped through-holes.

  Each of the ultrasonic transducers 43a, 43b, 163a, 163b, 163c, 173a, 173b, and 173c is fixed to the holder 161 using an epoxy resin, and is electrically insulated from the holder 161. 18 indicates the polarization direction of the piezoelectric body of the ultrasonic transducer 43a, the arrow 44b indicates the polarization direction of the piezoelectric body of the ultrasonic transducer 43b, and the arrow 164a indicates the ultrasonic vibration. The polarization directions of the piezoelectric bodies of the sub-elements 163a, 163b, and 163c are shown, and the arrows 174a indicate the polarization directions of the piezoelectric bodies of the ultrasonic vibrators 173a, 173b, and 173c.

  The cutting tool 160 has an advantage that the cutting tip 42 can be subjected to ultrasonic elliptical vibration. When the cutting tip is subjected to elliptical vibration, the surface of the workpiece can be cut very smoothly.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 18, a cosine wave AC voltage (indicated as “cos” in the figure) is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 43a with reference to the electrode on the holder side of the transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer By applying a cosine wave AC voltage (denoted as “−cos” in the figure) having a phase opposite to that of the cosine wave AC voltage with reference to the electrode on the holder side of the vibrator 43b, the vibrator 43a and the vibrator 43b are ultrasonically vibrated in opposite phases to each other in the length direction of the holder 161. As a result, the tip of the holder 161 is ultrasonically vibrated in the direction indicated by the arrow 169b shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, a sinusoidal AC voltage (indicated as “sin” in the drawing) is applied to each of the ultrasonic transducers 163a, 163b, and 163c with reference to the electrode on the holder side of the transducer, and ultrasonic vibration is applied. By applying to each of the children 173a, 173b, and 173c a sine wave AC voltage having a phase opposite to that of the sine wave AC voltage (denoted as “−sin” in the figure) with reference to the electrode on the holder side of the vibrator The vibrators 163a, 163b, 163c and the vibrators 173a, 173b, 173c vibrate ultrasonically in mutually opposite phases in the length direction of the holder 161. As a result, the tip of the holder 161 is ultrasonically vibrated in the direction indicated by the arrow 169d shown in FIG.

  When the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by the arrow 169b illustrated in FIG. 16 and the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by the arrow 169d illustrated in FIG. Then, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration indicating rotational displacement is excited in the direction indicated by the arrow 179a entered in FIG.

  In addition, ultrasonic elliptical vibration indicating rotational displacement can be excited in the cutting tip 42 in the direction indicated by the arrow 179b written in FIG. This ultrasonic elliptical vibration is excited by simultaneously applying to the cutting tip 42 the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by the arrow 169a and the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by the arrow 169b. be able to. The former ultrasonic vibration can be excited by applying a sinusoidal AC voltage having the same phase to the ultrasonic vibrators 163a, 163b, 163c and the ultrasonic vibrators 173a, 173b, 173c. The latter ultrasonic vibration can be excited by applying cosine wave AC voltages having opposite phases to the ultrasonic vibrator 43a and the ultrasonic vibrator 43b.

  Furthermore, it is also possible to excite the ultrasonic elliptical vibration indicating the rotational displacement in the direction indicated by the arrow 179c written in FIG. This ultrasonic elliptical vibration is obtained, for example, by simultaneously applying to the cutting tip 42 ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by arrow 169c and ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the direction indicated by arrow 169d. Can be excited. The former ultrasonic vibration can be excited by applying cosine wave AC voltages having the same phase to the ultrasonic vibrator 43a and the ultrasonic vibrator 43b. The latter ultrasonic vibration can be excited by applying sine wave AC voltages having opposite phases to the ultrasonic vibrators 163a, 163b, 163c and the ultrasonic vibrators 173a, 173b, 173c.

  Furthermore, by using the cutting tool 160, it is possible to ultrasonically vibrate the cutting tip 42 in the length direction of the holder 161 as compared with the cutting tool 120 of FIG. For this purpose, all the ultrasonic transducers of the holder are supersynchronized with each other in the length direction of the holder 161 by applying an AC voltage (for example, sinusoidal AC voltage) having the same phase to these transducers. What is necessary is just to make it sound-wave vibrate.

  In addition, the cutting tool of this invention can be advantageously used also as a cutting tool for machining centers.

It is a top view which shows the structure of the cutting device provided with the well-known cutting tool. It is an enlarged side view of the cutting tool 20 and the holder support tool 11 shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the structural example of the cutting device of this invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the cutting tool 40 shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the cutting tool 40 and the holder support 11 shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting tool 40 and the holder support 11 cut along the cutting line I-I entered in FIG. 5. It is a top view which shows another cutting tool used for the cutting device of this invention. FIG. 8 is a side view showing the cutting tool 70 of FIG. 7 supported by the holder support 11. It is an expanded sectional view of the cutting tool 70 and the holder support 11 cut | disconnected along the cutting line II-II line entered in FIG. It is a side view which shows another cutting tool used for the cutting device of this invention in the state supported by the holder support tool 11. FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the cutting tool 100 and the holder support tool 11 cut | disconnected along the cutting line III-III line entered in FIG. It is a side view which shows another cutting tool used for the cutting device of this invention in the state supported by the holder support tool 11. FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the cutting tool 120 and the holder support tool 11 cut | disconnected along the cutting line IV-IV line entered in FIG. It is a top view which shows another cutting tool used for the cutting device of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view of the cutting tool 140 cut | disconnected along the cutting line VV entered in FIG. However, the cutting tool 140 was filled in with the holder support 11 supported. It is a top view which shows another cutting tool used for the cutting device of this invention. It is a side view of the cutting tool 160 of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the cutting tool 160 cut | disconnected along the cutting line VI-VI line entered in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cutting device 11 Holder support tool 11a Upper plate 11b Lower plate 11c Support | pillar 11d Bolt 12 Moving device 12a, 12b Handle 12c Lever 13 Cutting unit 14 Rotation support tool 14a Rotating shaft 14b Chuck 15 Support unit 19 Work object 20 Cutting tool 21 Holder 21a, 21b Holder support surface 22 Cutting tips 23a, 23b Ultrasonic vibrator 30 Cutting device 33 Cutting unit 40 Cutting tool 41 Holder 41a, 41b Support surface 42 Cutting tips 43, 43a, 43b Ultrasonic vibrator 44 Piezoelectric body 44a, 44b Arrows 45a and 45b indicating the polarization direction of the piezoelectric body Electrodes 46 and 47 Air-phase spaces 46a and 46b Bubbles 48 Bolts 49a Arrows indicating the direction in which the cutting tip vibrates ultrasonically 51 Electrical wiring 52 AC power sources 56 and 57 Porous material layer 70 Cutting tool 71 Holder 7 a, 71b Recesses 79a, 79b Arrows 100, 120 indicating the direction in which the cutting tip vibrates ultrasonically Cutting tool 101, 121 Holder 106, 107 Air phase space 106a, 106b Through hole 126, 127 Air phase space 126a, 126b, 126c, 126d Slit-shaped through hole 140 Cutting tool 141 Holder 146, 147 Air phase space 146a, 146b Recess 160 Cutting tool 161 Holder 163a, 163b, 163c Additional ultrasonic vibrator 164a Arrows 166, 167 indicating the polarization direction of the piezoelectric body Phase spaces 169a, 169b, 169c, 169d Arrows 173a, 173b, 173c indicating the direction in which the cutting tip vibrates ultrasonically Additional ultrasonic transducers 174a Arrows 179a, 179b, 179c indicating the polarization direction of the piezoelectric body Cutting tip is ultrasonic Elliptical vibration Directional arrows

Claims (8)

  A cutting tool in which a cutting tip is attached to the tip of a long holder, a holder support that supports the rear part of the holder with two support surfaces facing each other among the side surfaces of the holder, and a holder support A cutting device comprising a cutting unit including a moving device, and a support unit including a rotation support for a workpiece, wherein the holder includes a long ultrasonic transducer on a side surface different from the support surface, and An air phase space is formed between each of the support surfaces of the holder and the ultrasonic vibrator.   The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the air phase space is composed of a porous material layer.   The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the air phase space is configured by a hollow layer formed in parallel with the support surface of the holder.   The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the air phase space includes a plurality of recesses formed on the support surface of the holder.   A cutting tool in which a cutting tip is attached to the tip of a long holder, and the holder is disposed on two support surfaces composed of side surfaces facing each other and on a side surface different from the support surface A cutting tool comprising an elongated ultrasonic transducer, and an air phase space is formed between each of the support surfaces of the holder and the ultrasonic transducer.   The cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the air phase space is composed of a porous material layer.   The cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the air phase space is constituted by a hollow layer formed in parallel with the support surface of the holder.   The cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the air phase space is constituted by a plurality of recesses formed in the support surface of the holder.

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