JPWO2007074709A1 - Negative rigid device and seismic isolation structure provided with the negative rigid device - Google Patents

Negative rigid device and seismic isolation structure provided with the negative rigid device Download PDF

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JPWO2007074709A1
JPWO2007074709A1 JP2007551925A JP2007551925A JPWO2007074709A1 JP WO2007074709 A1 JPWO2007074709 A1 JP WO2007074709A1 JP 2007551925 A JP2007551925 A JP 2007551925A JP 2007551925 A JP2007551925 A JP 2007551925A JP WO2007074709 A1 JPWO2007074709 A1 JP WO2007074709A1
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JP4852552B2 (en
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河内山　修
修 河内山
崇仁 仲村
崇仁 仲村
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Oiles Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/023—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising rolling elements, e.g. balls, pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06—Stiffness
    • F16F2228/063—Negative stiffness

Abstract

【課題】簡単な構成で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮し、トリガー機能も付与可能な負の剛性装置等を提供する。【解決手段】凹曲面状溝２ａを有する上部材２と、上部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状上表面３ａを有し、かまぼこ状に形成された下部材３と、上部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面４ａ、及び下部材の凸曲面状上表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面４ｂを有する摺動部材４とからなり、摺動部材の凸曲面状上表面が上部材の凹曲面状溝に当接し、かつ摺動部材の凹曲面状下表面が下部材の凸曲面状上表面に当接した状態で、摺動部材が上部材との間で回転しながら下部材の上表面を摺動し、負の剛性及び摩擦減衰を得る負の剛性装置１。構造物３１に、負の剛性装置１と、復元力特性を有する積層ゴム３２を設け、免震効果を調整可能で、地震等の後に原点復帰が容易な免震構造物３０を構成できる。【選択図】図３Provided is a negative rigidity device or the like that can exhibit both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping with a simple configuration and can also be provided with a trigger function. An upper member 2 having a concave curved groove 2a, a lower curved surface 3 having a convex curved upper surface 3a having a curvature smaller than that of the concave curved groove of the upper member, and an upper member The concave curved groove and the convex curved upper surface 4a having the same curvature, and the lower curved surface upper surface 4b and the sliding member 4 having the same curved concave curved lower surface 4b. With the curved upper surface in contact with the concave curved groove of the upper member and the concave curved lower surface of the sliding member in contact with the convex curved upper surface of the lower member, the sliding member A negative stiffness device 1 that slides on the upper surface of the lower member while rotating between them to obtain negative stiffness and friction damping. The structure 31 is provided with the negative rigidity device 1 and the laminated rubber 32 having the restoring force characteristics, and the seismic isolation effect can be adjusted, and the base isolation structure 30 that can easily return to the origin after an earthquake or the like can be configured. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

本発明は、重力の作用する方向（鉛直方向）に摺動を生じさせ、水平力と水平変位の関係において負の剛性及び摩擦減衰を兼ね合わせ持つ負の剛性装置、並びに該負の剛性及び摩擦減衰を利用した建築又は土木に用いられる免震構造物に関する。   The present invention relates to a negative stiffness device that causes sliding in the direction in which gravity acts (vertical direction) and has both negative stiffness and friction damping in the relationship between horizontal force and horizontal displacement, and the negative stiffness and friction. The present invention relates to a seismic isolation structure used for construction or civil engineering using attenuation.

マンション等の集合住宅、事務所ビル、戸建住宅、及び橋梁等の構造物の耐震設計において、地震、風又は交通振動等の動的入力による構造物、及びその周辺の応答値のうちのいくつかを、振動エネルギ吸収装置により低減し、ある制限値以内に制御する方法が採られている。その中でも、振動エネルギ吸収装置を構造物内又は／及び構造物外に取り付け、該振動エネルギ吸収装置によって地震等の動的入力によって励起された構造物の振動応答を低減しようとする方法が最も有力な手段の一つである。   In earthquake-resistant design of apartment buildings such as apartment buildings, office buildings, detached houses, and structures such as bridges, some of the response values of the structure and its surroundings by dynamic input such as earthquake, wind or traffic vibration Such a method is adopted in which the vibration energy is reduced by a vibration energy absorbing device and controlled within a certain limit value. Among them, the most promising method is to attach a vibration energy absorbing device inside or / and outside the structure and reduce the vibration response of the structure excited by a dynamic input such as an earthquake by the vibration energy absorbing device. It is one of the means.

前記振動エネルギ吸収装置として用いられる従来のダンパーには、エネルギ吸収特性が優れている装置がいくつかあり、また各々特有の特徴がある。例えば、粘性系であるオイルダンパーを例に挙げると、構造物の持つ剛性にダンパーの減衰を付加した場合、このダンパーは、振動速度に比例した減衰力を概略仮定することで、減衰定数という形式で性能を設定することができる。   The conventional damper used as the vibration energy absorbing device has several devices having excellent energy absorption characteristics, and each has its own characteristics. For example, when an oil damper, which is a viscous system, is taken as an example, when damping is added to the rigidity of a structure, this damper is assumed to be a damping constant by roughly assuming a damping force proportional to the vibration speed. Can set the performance.

一方、特許文献１には、構造部材に生ずる応力の大きさを調整したり、制震建物の減衰効果を増加させたり、免震建物における地震外力の絶縁効果を増加させることが可能な負の剛性装置と、この負の剛性装置を使用した建築構造物が開示されている。   On the other hand, Patent Document 1 describes a negative that can adjust the magnitude of the stress generated in the structural member, increase the damping effect of the seismic control building, or increase the insulation effect of the seismic external force in the seismic isolation building. A rigid device and a building structure using the negative rigid device are disclosed.

さらに、特許文献２には、抵抗力を受ける構造物、又は、抵抗力と復帰手段の復元力とを受ける免震構造物の部位の剛性を特に大きくしなくてもよい上に、広い占有スペースを必要とせず、小型に構成することのできる振動エネルギ吸収装置等が開示されている。   Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that the rigidity of the structure that receives the resistance force or the seismic isolation structure that receives the resistance force and the restoring force of the return means does not need to be particularly large, and has a large occupied space. There is disclosed a vibration energy absorbing device and the like that can be configured in a small size.

この振動エネルギ吸収装置は、液体を収容する円筒シリンダ内を２つの室に区画する可動なピストンと、可変オリフィスを介して２室を連通させる連通手段と、ピストンの円筒シリンダに対する相対的な移動方向に基づいて可変オリフィスを選択するとともに、ピストンの円筒シリンダに対する相対的な移動位置に基づいてオリフィス径を決定する選択・決定手段とを具備している。   This vibration energy absorbing device includes a movable piston that divides the inside of a cylindrical cylinder that contains a liquid into two chambers, communication means that communicates the two chambers via a variable orifice, and a relative movement direction of the piston with respect to the cylindrical cylinder. And a selection / determination means for determining the orifice diameter based on the relative movement position of the piston with respect to the cylindrical cylinder.

日本特開２００３−２８７０７９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-287079 日本特開２００４−３０１３０６号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-301306

しかし、前記振動エネルギ吸収装置として用いられるオイルダンパーは、振動速度に比例した減衰力を概略仮定することで、減衰定数という形式で性能を設定することができるが、その際に構造物の持つ剛性と変位量から求められる水平力に対し、該オイルダンパーのもつ履歴減衰分の水平力が加算され、構造物に生じる水平力が構造物の持つ耐力以上になる可能性がある。   However, the oil damper used as the vibration energy absorbing device can set the performance in the form of a damping constant by roughly assuming a damping force proportional to the vibration speed. The horizontal force for the hysteresis damping of the oil damper is added to the horizontal force obtained from the displacement amount, and the horizontal force generated in the structure may exceed the proof strength of the structure.

すなわち、ダンパーを付加することによって免震・制振効果を持たせているが、ダンパーを付加することで、剛性力を見かけ上増加させる結果となり、ダンパーを設置した構造物に、より大きな負荷を与える虞がある。従って、構造物の持つ剛性力以上の負荷をダンパーが構造物に与えてしまうという問題が生じている。   In other words, the addition of a damper provides seismic isolation and vibration control effects, but the addition of a damper results in an apparent increase in rigidity, resulting in a greater load on the structure where the damper is installed. There is a risk of giving. Therefore, there is a problem that the damper gives a load to the structure that exceeds the rigidity of the structure.

一方、特許文献１は、負の剛性を構造物へ付与する負の剛性装置を開示し、この負の剛性装置は、免震構造物として使用する場合には、構造物の剛性を調整する機能を有して効果的であるが、少なくとも減衰機能を有する別の装置が必要である。さらには、この負の剛性装置は、ローラー材の場合は転動し易く、可動部材の場合は線接触のため摺動し易いため、安定して直立位置を保持することができない虞がある。このことは、小さい入力で作動することに他ならないため、応答性の良さを保証するものではあるが、反面、小さな入力で容易に装置の設置中心位置が移動することになり、施工面での工夫が必要となる。   On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a negative rigidity device that imparts negative rigidity to a structure, and this negative rigidity device functions to adjust the rigidity of the structure when used as a seismic isolation structure. However, there is a need for another device having at least a damping function. Furthermore, since this negative rigid device is easy to roll in the case of a roller material and is easy to slide because of a line contact in the case of a movable member, there is a possibility that the upright position cannot be stably maintained. Since this is nothing but operating with a small input, it guarantees good responsiveness, but on the other hand, the installation center position of the device easily moves with a small input, Ingenuity is required.

すなわち、特許文献１の負の剛性装置は、免震構造物として、小地震時や、温度変化、風等による比較的小さな入力の場合には、免震構造物が不要な振動を生じないように、通常与えられるトリガー機能を負担することができず、該負の剛性装置を使用した場合には、別途設ける復元力（原点復帰能力）を有する装置及び／又はエネルギ吸収装置にトリガー機能を持たせる必要があった。   That is, the negative rigid device disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not cause unnecessary vibrations as a seismic isolation structure when a small earthquake occurs or when the input is relatively small due to temperature change, wind, or the like. In addition, when the negative rigid device is used, the device having the restoring force (origin return capability) and / or the energy absorbing device provided separately has the trigger function. It was necessary to let

また、特許文献２に記載の負の剛性を有する振動エネルギ吸収装置は、免震構造物に使用する際、全体の剛性を特に大きくすることはないという利点があり、免震構物の免震周期を伸ばし、免震効果を高めるという効果がある。その反面、構造そのものが複雑であった。   Further, the vibration energy absorbing device having negative stiffness described in Patent Document 2 has an advantage that the overall stiffness is not particularly increased when used for a seismic isolation structure. It has the effect of extending the cycle and enhancing the seismic isolation effect. On the other hand, the structure itself was complicated.

そこで、本発明は、上記従来の技術における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、該負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止したり、作用する応力を調整できる上に、復元力を有する装置（例えば、積層ゴム体）の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長することができ、また該摩擦減衰により免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができる上、トリガー機能も付与できる装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and with a simple configuration, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device. The negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure or adjusts the acting stress, and it is not necessary to particularly increase the restoring force of a device having a restoring force (for example, a laminated rubber body) An object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of extending the base isolation period of the base isolation structure, increasing the damping effect of the base isolation structure by the friction damping, and providing a trigger function.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する上部材と、該上部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状上表面を有し、かまぼこ状に形成された下部材と、前記上部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状上表面が前記上部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状下表面が前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら前記下部材の前記凸曲面状上表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a negative rigid device, an upper member having a concave curved groove opening downward, and a convex curved upper surface having a smaller curvature than the concave curved groove of the upper member. A lower member formed in a semi-cylindrical shape, and a convex curved upper surface having the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the upper member, and a concave curved surface having the same curvature as the convex curved upper surface of the lower member And the concave curved surface of the sliding member in a state in which the convex curved upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved groove of the upper member. The convex lower surface of the lower member is rotated while the sliding member rotates with the concave curved groove of the upper member in a state where the lower surface of the lower surface is in contact with the convex curved upper surface of the lower member It is characterized by having negative rigidity and sliding friction by sliding

そして、本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹曲面状下表面と下部材の凸曲面状上表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が上部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら下部材の凸曲面状上表面を摺動して徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができる。そして、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができる。さらに、復元力を有する装置の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長することができる。また、摩擦減衰作用により、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができる。加えて、摺動部材の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用しないと、摺動部材が摺動を開始しないため、トリガー機能も付与することができる。   According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave curved lower surface of the sliding member and the convex curved upper surface of the lower member acts in the event of an earthquake or the like, the sliding member While rotating between the concave curved groove of the upper member, it slides on the convex curved upper surface of the lower member and gradually descends. Thereby, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be demonstrated with one apparatus by simple structure. The negative rigidity can prevent excessive input to the structure and adjust the stress acting on the structure. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to increase the restoring force of the device having the restoring force, the seismic isolation cycle of the seismic isolation structure can be extended. Further, the damping effect of the seismic isolation structure can be increased by the friction damping action. In addition, if a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force of the sliding member does not act, the sliding member does not start sliding, so that a trigger function can be provided.

前記負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置することができる。この負の剛性装置によれば、上述の負の剛性装置の特徴を有するとともに、上部材が中間部材を介して下部材に対して全方向に移動可能な負の剛性装置を実現することができる。   The negative rigid device can be arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. According to this negative rigid device, it is possible to realize a negative rigid device that has the characteristics of the negative rigid device described above and that can move the upper member in all directions with respect to the lower member via the intermediate member. .

また、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する下部材と、該下部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状下表面を有し、かまぼこ状に形成された上部材と、前記下部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状下表面が前記下部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状上表面が前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら前記上部材の前記凸曲面状下表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。   Further, the present invention is a negative rigid device having a lower member having a concave curved groove opening upward, a convex curved lower surface having a smaller curvature than the concave curved groove of the lower member, An upper member formed in a shape, a convex curved lower surface having the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the lower member, and a concave curved upper surface having the same curvature as the convex curved lower surface of the upper member A sliding member, the convex curved lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved groove of the lower member, and the concave curved upper surface of the sliding member is the The sliding member slides on the convex curved lower surface of the upper member while rotating with the concave curved groove of the lower member in contact with the convex curved lower surface of the upper member. Thus, it is characterized in that it has negative rigidity and frictional damping can be obtained.

本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹曲面状上表面と上部材の凸曲面状下表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が下部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら上部材の凸曲面状下表面を摺動する際に、上部材が徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮し、負の剛性により構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができる。また、復元力を有する装置の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長できる。さらに、摩擦減衰作用により、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができ、摺動部材の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用しないと、摺動部材が摺動を開始しないため、トリガー機能も付与することができる。   According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave curved upper surface of the sliding member and the convex curved lower surface of the upper member acts in the event of an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the lower member. The upper member gradually descends when sliding on the lower curved surface of the upper member while rotating with the concave curved groove. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and adjusts the stress acting on the structure. be able to. In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the restoring force of the device having restoring force, the seismic isolation cycle of the seismic isolation structure can be extended. Furthermore, the damping effect of the seismic isolation structure can be increased by the friction damping action, and if the horizontal force exceeding the static friction force of the sliding member does not act, the sliding member will not start sliding, so the trigger function also Can be granted.

前記負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置することができる。この負の剛性装置によれば、上述の特徴を有する負の剛性装置であって、上部材が中間部材を介して下部材に対して全方向に移動可能な負の剛性装置を実現することができる。   The negative rigid device can be arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. According to this negative rigidity device, it is possible to realize a negative rigidity device having the above-described characteristics, in which the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member via the intermediate member. it can.

さらに、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、下方に開口する球面状凹部を有する上部材と、該上部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状上表面を有する下部材と、前記上部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸球面状上表面と同一曲率の凹球面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の凸球面状上表面が前記上部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状下表面が前記下部材の凸球面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら前記下部材の凸球面状上表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする負のことを特徴とする。   Furthermore, the present invention is a negative rigid device, an upper member having a spherical recess opening downward, a lower member having a convex spherical upper surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical recess of the upper member, A sliding member having a convex spherical upper surface having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and having a concave spherical lower surface having the same curvature as the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member. In a state where the convex spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and the concave spherical lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member, The sliding member slides on the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member while rotating with the spherical concave portion of the upper member, thereby having negative rigidity and frictional damping. Characterized by a negative characteristic.

本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹球面状下表面と下部材の凸球面状上表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が上部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら上部材とともに下部材の凸球面状上表面を摺動して徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができるとともに、免震構造物の免震周期を延長させ、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させトリガー機能も付与することができる。また、各部材は、球面状の凹部又は凸部で接触するため、上部材が下部材に対して全方向に移動可能となる。   According to the present invention, when a horizontal force that exceeds the static frictional force between the concave spherical lower surface of the sliding member and the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member acts during an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the upper member. While rotating between the upper and lower spherical concave portions, the upper member slides on the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member and gradually descends. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, and the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and acts on the structure. In addition to adjusting the stress, the base isolation cycle of the base isolation structure can be extended, the damping effect of the base isolation structure can be increased, and a trigger function can be provided. Moreover, since each member contacts with a spherical recessed part or convex part, the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member.

また、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、上方に開口する球面状凹部を有する下部材と、該下部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状下表面を有する上部材と、前記下部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上部材の凸球面状下表面と同一曲率の凹球面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の凸球面状下表面が前記下部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状上表面が前記上部材の凸球面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら前記上部材の凸球面状下表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。   Further, the present invention is a negative rigid device, a lower member having a spherical concave portion opening upward, an upper member having a convex spherical lower surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical concave portion of the lower member, A sliding member having a convex spherical lower surface having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the lower member, and having a concave spherical upper surface having the same curvature as the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member, In a state where the convex spherical lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the spherical concave portion of the lower member, and the concave spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member, The sliding member slides on the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member while rotating with the spherical concave portion of the lower member, thereby having negative rigidity and frictional damping. Features.

本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹球面状上表面と上部材の凸球面状下表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が下部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら下部材とともに上部材の凸球面状下表面を摺動することにより、上部材が徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができるとともに、免震構造物の免震周期を延長させ、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させトリガー機能も付与することができる。また、各部材は、球面状の凹部又は凸部で接触するため、上部材が下部材に対して全方向に移動可能となる。   According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave spherical upper surface of the sliding member and the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member acts during an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the lower member. The upper member gradually descends by sliding on the lower spherical surface of the upper member together with the lower member while rotating with the spherical concave portion. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, and the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and acts on the structure. In addition to adjusting the stress, the base isolation cycle of the base isolation structure can be extended, the damping effect of the base isolation structure can be increased, and a trigger function can be provided. Moreover, since each member contacts with a spherical recessed part or convex part, the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member.

また、本発明は、免震構造物であって、前記負の剛性装置を備えた上部工支持装置の少なくともいずれか一つと、復元力特性を有する装置とを備えることを特徴とする。これによって、前記負の剛性装置の負剛性を利用するとともに、地震等の後に構造物の原点復帰が容易となり、余震の際等に作動状況が不安定になることを防止することができる。ここで、復元力特性を有する装置には、ばね装置、積層ゴム支承装置等を用いることができる。   In addition, the present invention is a seismic isolation structure, and includes at least one of the superstructure support devices including the negative rigidity device and a device having a restoring force characteristic. This makes it possible to utilize the negative rigidity of the negative rigidity device, facilitate the return of the origin of the structure after an earthquake or the like, and prevent the operating situation from becoming unstable during an aftershock or the like. Here, a spring device, a laminated rubber bearing device, or the like can be used as the device having restoring force characteristics.

以上のように、本発明によれば、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、トリガー機能も付与できる負の剛性装置、及び該負の剛性装置を備えた免震構造物を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, with a simple configuration, a negative stiffness device that can exhibit both functions of negative stiffness and friction damping and can also provide a trigger function with a single device, and the negative stiffness device can be provided. It is possible to provide a base-isolated structure including the rigid device.

本発明にかかる負の剛性装置等の説明に先立ち、まず、負の剛性を有する振動エネルギ吸収装置（ダンパー）の原理について説明する。   Prior to the description of the negative rigidity device according to the present invention, first, the principle of a vibration energy absorbing device (damper) having negative rigidity will be described.

図１は、従来の線形ダンパーを説明するためのものであって、例えば、左側のグラフに示すような正の剛性を有する積層ゴムに、真ん中の楕円形状の挙動を示すダンパーを取り付けた場合には、免震システムとして右側に示すような挙動を示すこととなる。ここで、積層ゴムの持つ剛性と変位量から求められる水平力に対し、ダンパーのもつ履歴減衰分の水平力が加算され、システム全体として考えた場合、構造物に生じる水平力が増加し、構造物の持つ耐力以上になるおそれがある。   FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a conventional linear damper, for example, when a damper having a middle elliptical behavior is attached to a laminated rubber having a positive rigidity as shown in the left graph. Will behave as shown on the right side as a seismic isolation system. Here, the horizontal force corresponding to the hysteresis damping of the damper is added to the horizontal force obtained from the rigidity and displacement of the laminated rubber, and the horizontal force generated in the structure increases when the entire system is considered. There is a risk of exceeding the proof strength of the object.

そこで、図２に示すように、左側のグラフに示すような正の剛性を有する積層ゴムに、真ん中の右下がりの直線と縦軸に平行な直線からなる平行四辺形状の挙動を示すダンパー（滑り型の負剛性ダンパー（以下、単に「負の剛性装置」という）を取り付けると、免震システムとして右側に示すような正方形状の挙動を得ることが可能となる。すなわち、積層ゴムの持つ剛性と変位量から求められる水平力に対し、負の剛性装置のもつ履歴減衰分の水平力が加算されても、システム全体として考えた場合、構造物に生じる水平力が増加することを抑制することができ、構造物の持つ耐力以上になることを防止し得る。   Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, a damper (slipper) having a behavior of a parallelogram consisting of a straight line in the middle and a straight line parallel to the vertical axis is applied to a laminated rubber having positive rigidity as shown in the left graph. When a negative rigidity damper (hereinafter simply referred to as a “negative rigidity device”) is attached, it is possible to obtain a square-shaped behavior as shown on the right side as a seismic isolation system. Even if the horizontal force for the hysteresis damping of the negative rigid device is added to the horizontal force obtained from the amount of displacement, it is possible to suppress an increase in the horizontal force generated in the structure when the entire system is considered. Can be prevented from exceeding the yield strength of the structure.

図３は、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の一実施の形態を示し、この負の剛性装置１は、上部材２と、下部材３と、摺動部材４とで構成され、図４に示すように、上部材２と摺動部材４とが組み合わされた状態で、摺動部材４が上部材２との間で回転しながら下部材３の上表面を摺動し、これに伴い上部材２が下部材３に対して相対移動する。尚、摺動部材４の摺動表面には所望の摩擦係数に応じ、フッ素樹脂等の樹脂系材料、交織布系材料、ベアリングプレート（固体潤滑剤付きを含む）等を使用することができ、上部材２及び下部材３には、ステンレス鋼材、潤滑皮膜で被覆された鋼材、又はメッキを施した鋼材等を使用することができる。また、上部材２には、構造物の重量に加え、上部材２を上方からばね等で押圧することにより負荷を加え所望の摩擦力を得ることもできる。   FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a negative rigid device according to the present invention. The negative rigid device 1 is composed of an upper member 2, a lower member 3, and a sliding member 4. FIG. As shown, the upper member 2 and the sliding member 4 are combined and the sliding member 4 slides on the upper surface of the lower member 3 while rotating between the upper member 2 and the upper member 2 The member 2 moves relative to the lower member 3. The sliding surface of the sliding member 4 can be made of a resin-based material such as fluororesin, an union cloth-based material, a bearing plate (including a solid lubricant), etc., depending on a desired coefficient of friction. For the upper member 2 and the lower member 3, a stainless steel material, a steel material coated with a lubricating film, a plated steel material, or the like can be used. In addition to the weight of the structure, a load can be applied to the upper member 2 by pressing the upper member 2 with a spring or the like from above to obtain a desired frictional force.

上部材２は、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝２ａを有し、下部材３は、上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａより曲率の小さい（曲率半径の大きい）凸曲面状上表面３ａを有する。また、摺動部材４は、上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａと同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面４ａを有するとともに、かまぼこ状の下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａと同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面４ｂを有する。ここで、図４に示すように、上部材２は上方からの鉛直力Ｗを受けている。尚、下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａは曲率半径Ｒを有する。   The upper member 2 has a concave curved groove 2a that opens downward, and the lower member 3 has a convex curved upper surface 3a that has a smaller curvature (a larger radius of curvature) than the concave curved groove 2a of the upper member 2. . Further, the sliding member 4 has a convex curved upper surface 4a having the same curvature as the concave curved groove 2a of the upper member 2, and a concave curved surface having the same curvature as the convex curved upper surface 3a of the kamaboko-shaped lower member 3. The lower surface 4b has a shape. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper member 2 receives a vertical force W from above. The convex curved upper surface 3a of the lower member 3 has a radius of curvature R.

上記構成により、図４（ａ）に示すように、摺動部材４に左方向の水平力Ｆが付加され、下部材３と摺動部材４との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材４は、図４（ｂ）に示すように、上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａとの間で回転しながら上部材２とともに下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａ上を左方向に摺動し、徐々に下降していく。この際、摺動部材４の変位が大きくなるに従って、摺動部材４には負の負荷が加わることとなるため、図２の真ん中に示したグラフに示すような挙動を取ることとなる。尚、図４（ｃ）に示すように、摺動部材４に右方向の水平力Ｆが加えられた場合も同様である。   4A, when a horizontal force F in the left direction is applied to the sliding member 4 and a horizontal force exceeding the static friction force between the lower member 3 and the sliding member 4 is applied. As shown in FIG. 4B, the sliding member 4 rotates on the convex curved upper surface 3a of the lower member 3 together with the upper member 2 while rotating between the concave curved groove 2a of the upper member 2. It slides in the direction and descends gradually. At this time, as the displacement of the sliding member 4 increases, a negative load is applied to the sliding member 4, and thus the behavior shown in the graph shown in the middle of FIG. The same applies to the case where a horizontal force F in the right direction is applied to the sliding member 4 as shown in FIG.

尚、上記実施の形態においては、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝２ａを有する上部材２と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ状に形成された下部材３と、摺動部材４とを組み合わせたが、これらを上下方向に反転し、上部材を下側凸形状でかまぼこ状に形成し、下部材に上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を設け、これらの間を摺動部材が摺動するように構成し、上記と同様の作用効果を奏することもできる。   In the above-described embodiment, the upper member 2 having the concave curved groove 2a that opens downward, the lower member 3 that is formed in an upper convex shape, and the sliding member 4 are combined. These are reversed in the vertical direction, the upper member is formed in a convex shape with a lower convex shape, a concave curved groove that opens upward is provided in the lower member, and the sliding member slides between them And the same operation effect as the above can also be produced.

尚、図４に示した負の剛性装置の剛性（−Ｋ）は、曲率半径Ｒと物体の重量Ｗの関係より、（−Ｋ））＝Ｗ／Ｒとして計算され、併用される積層ゴム等の正の剛性Ｋと適宜組み合わせることで、装置全体の剛性を如何様にも調整することができる。   Note that the stiffness (−K) of the negative stiffness device shown in FIG. 4 is calculated as (−K)) = W / R from the relationship between the radius of curvature R and the weight W of the object, and the laminated rubber used together. By appropriately combining with the positive rigidity K, the rigidity of the entire apparatus can be adjusted in any way.

次に、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第２の実施の形態について、図５を参照しながら説明する。   Next, a second embodiment of the negative rigid device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

この負の剛性装置１１は、上部材１２と、下部材１５と、中間部材１３と、上部材１２と中間部材１３との間で摺動する摺動部材１４と、下部材１５と中間部材１３との間で摺動する摺動部材１６とで構成される。ここで、上部材１２は、図３の上部材２と、中間部材１３及び下部材１５は、図３の下部材３と、摺動部材１４、１６は、図３の摺動部材４と各々同様の形状及び材質を有する。また、摺動部材１４の軸線と、摺動部材１６の軸線とは互いに直交する。   The negative rigidity device 11 includes an upper member 12, a lower member 15, an intermediate member 13, a sliding member 14 that slides between the upper member 12 and the intermediate member 13, and a lower member 15 and an intermediate member 13. And a sliding member 16 that slides between them. Here, the upper member 12 is the upper member 2 of FIG. 3, the intermediate member 13 and the lower member 15 are the lower member 3 of FIG. 3, and the sliding members 14 and 16 are the sliding member 4 of FIG. It has the same shape and material. Further, the axis of the sliding member 14 and the axis of the sliding member 16 are orthogonal to each other.

この負の剛性装置１１は、図３及び図４に示した負の剛性装置１を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置したものであって、負の剛性装置１と同様の効果を奏するとともに、上部材１２は、中間部材１３に対して摺動部材１４の軸線に対して垂直な方向に移動可能であり、一方、中間部材１３は下部材１５に対して摺動部材１６の軸線に対して垂直な方向に移動可能となる。これによって、上部材１２は、中間部材１３を介して下部材１５に対して全方向に移動することが可能となる。   The negative rigid device 11 is the negative rigid device 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other, and is the same as the negative rigid device 1. While having an effect, the upper member 12 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the sliding member 14 with respect to the intermediate member 13, while the intermediate member 13 has a sliding member 16 with respect to the lower member 15. It becomes possible to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the axis. As a result, the upper member 12 can move in all directions with respect to the lower member 15 via the intermediate member 13.

尚、上記実施の形態においては、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する上部材１２と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ状に形成された下部材１５と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ状に形成された中間部材１３と、２つの摺動部材１４、１６を組み合わせたが、これらを上下方向に反転し、上部材を下側凸形状でかまぼこ状に形成し、下部材に上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を設け、これらの間に中間部材を設け、２つの摺動部材を組み合わせることによって、上記の負の剛性装置と同様の作用効果を奏するように構成することもできる。   In the above-described embodiment, the upper member 12 having a concave curved groove that opens downward, the lower member 15 formed in an upper convex shape and a semi-cylindrical shape, and the intermediate member formed in an upper convex shape and an semi-cylindrical shape. The member 13 and the two sliding members 14 and 16 are combined, but these are inverted in the vertical direction, the upper member is formed in a lower convex shape in a semi-cylindrical shape, and the concave curved groove that opens upward in the lower member By providing an intermediate member between them and combining two sliding members, it is also possible to achieve the same effect as the negative rigid device.

次に、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第３の実施の形態について、図６を参照しながら説明する。   Next, a third embodiment of the negative rigid device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

この負の剛性装置２１は、上部材２２と、下部材２３と、上部材２２と下部材２３との間で摺動する摺動部材２４とで構成される。   The negative rigidity device 21 includes an upper member 22, a lower member 23, and a sliding member 24 that slides between the upper member 22 and the lower member 23.

上部材２２は、下方に開口する球面状凹部２２ａを有し、下部材２３は、上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａより曲率の小さい（曲率半径の大きい）凸球面状上表面２３ａを有する。また、摺動部材２４は、上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａと同一曲率の凸球面状上表面２４ａを有するとともに、下部材２３の凸球面状上表面２３ａと同一曲率の凹球面状下表面２４ｂを有する。   The upper member 22 has a spherical concave portion 22a that opens downward, and the lower member 23 has a convex spherical upper surface 23a that has a smaller curvature (a larger radius of curvature) than the spherical concave portion 22a of the upper member 22. The sliding member 24 has a convex spherical upper surface 24a having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion 22a of the upper member 22, and a concave spherical lower surface 24b having the same curvature as the convex spherical upper surface 23a of the lower member 23. Have

図６（ｃ）に示すように、上部材２２と、摺動部材２４と、下部材２３とを組み合わせ、上部材２２の上方から鉛直力Ｗを付加する。そして、地震等により、摺動部材２４に右方向の水平力Ｆが付加され、摺動部材２４と下部材２３との間に静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材２４は、上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａとの間で回転しながら上部材２２とともに下部材２３の凸球面状上表面２３ａ上を右方向に摺動し、徐々に下降していく。この際、摺動部材２４の変位が大きくなるに従って、摺動部材２４には負の負荷が加わることとなるため、前述の図２の真ん中に示したグラフに示すような挙動を取ることとなる。また、本実施の形態においては、各構成部材が、球面状凹部又は凸球面状上表面等を有し、互いに球面で接触しているため、上部材２２は、下部材２３に対して全方向に摺動することができる。   As shown in FIG. 6C, the upper member 22, the sliding member 24, and the lower member 23 are combined, and a vertical force W is applied from above the upper member 22. When a horizontal force F in the right direction is applied to the sliding member 24 due to an earthquake or the like and a horizontal force exceeding the static friction force acts between the sliding member 24 and the lower member 23, the sliding member 24 While rotating between the spherical concave portion 22a of the member 22 and the upper member 22, it slides rightward on the convex spherical upper surface 23a of the lower member 23 and gradually descends. At this time, as the displacement of the sliding member 24 increases, a negative load is applied to the sliding member 24, so that the behavior shown in the graph shown in the middle of FIG. . In the present embodiment, each component member has a spherical concave portion or a convex spherical upper surface and is in contact with each other by a spherical surface, so that the upper member 22 is omnidirectional with respect to the lower member 23. Can slide.

尚、上記実施の形態においては、下方に開口する球面状凹部２２ａを有する上部材２２と、凸球面状上表面２３ａを有する下部材２３と、摺動部材２４とを組み合わせたが、これらを上下方向に反転し、上部材を凸球面状下表面を有するように形成し、下部材に上方に開口する球面状凹部を設け、これらの間を摺動部材が摺動するように構成し、上記と同様の作用効果を奏することもできる。   In the above embodiment, the upper member 22 having the spherical concave portion 22a that opens downward, the lower member 23 having the convex spherical upper surface 23a, and the sliding member 24 are combined. The upper member is formed to have a convex spherical lower surface, and the lower member is provided with a spherical concave portion that opens upward, and the sliding member slides between these, It is also possible to achieve the same operational effects.

次に、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置を用いた免震構造物の一実施の形態について、図７を参照しながら説明する。   Next, an embodiment of a seismic isolation structure using the negative rigid device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

この免震構造物３０は、構造物３１に、図３及び図４に示した負の剛性装置１と、積層ゴム３２を設置することにより構成される。   The seismic isolation structure 30 is configured by installing the negative rigidity device 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and a laminated rubber 32 on the structure 31.

積層ゴム３２は、そのせん断剛性が線形ではなく、歪が大きいとハードニング現象により剛性が高くなる。そのため、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置１と組み合わせることにより、免震構造物全体の特性として広い範囲で線形性を有する剛性と、併せて減衰を得ることが可能となる。   The laminated rubber 32 has a shearing rigidity that is not linear, and when the strain is large, the rigidity is increased by a hardening phenomenon. For this reason, by combining with the negative rigidity device 1 according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a damping having a linearity in a wide range as a characteristic of the entire seismic isolation structure.

また、地震発生後は、構造物３１を所定の位置、すなわち構造物の原点に復帰させるにあたって、負の剛性装置１は抵抗力として作用する。そのため、復元力特性を有する積層ゴム３２によって原点復帰を行う。   Further, after the earthquake occurs, the negative rigid device 1 acts as a resistance force when the structure 31 is returned to a predetermined position, that is, the origin of the structure. For this reason, the origin return is performed by the laminated rubber 32 having restoring force characteristics.

従来の線形ダンパーを用いた構造物全体の水平力−変位履歴を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the horizontal force-displacement log | history of the whole structure using the conventional linear damper. 本発明にかかる負の剛性装置を用いた構造物全体の水平力−変位履歴を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the horizontal force-displacement log | history of the whole structure using the negative rigid apparatus concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第１の実施の形態を示す分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view which shows 1st Embodiment of the negative rigid apparatus concerning this invention. 図３の負の剛性装置の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the negative rigid apparatus of FIG. 本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第２の実施の形態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the negative rigid apparatus concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第３の実施の形態を示す図であって、（ａ）は分解斜視図、（ｂ）は分解一部断面図、（ｃ）は動作説明図である。It is a figure which shows 3rd Embodiment of the negative rigid apparatus concerning this invention, (a) is a disassembled perspective view, (b) is a partial exploded sectional view, (c) is operation | movement explanatory drawing. 本発明にかかる負の剛性装置と、復元力特性を有する装置とを組み合わせた免震構造物の一実施の形態を示す一部断面図である。It is a partial sectional view showing one embodiment of a seismic isolation structure which combined a negative rigid device concerning the present invention, and a device which has restoring force characteristics.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 負の剛性装置
２ 上部材
２ａ 凹曲面状溝
３ 下部材
３ａ 凸曲面状上表面
４ 摺動部材
４ａ 凸曲面状上表面
４ｂ 凹曲面状下表面
１１ 負の剛性装置
１２ 上部材
１３ 中間部材
１４ 摺動部材
１５ 下部材
１６ 摺動部材
２１ 負の剛性装置
２２ 上部材
２２ａ 球面状凹部
２３ 下部材
２３ａ 凸球面状上表面
２４ 摺動部材
２４ａ 凸球面状上表面
２４ｂ 凹球面状下表面
３０ 免震構造物
３１ 構造物
３２ 積層ゴムDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Negative rigid apparatus 2 Upper member 2a Concave-curved groove 3 Lower member 3a Convex-curved upper surface 4 Sliding member 4a Convex-curved upper surface 4b Concave-curved lower surface 11 Negative rigid apparatus 12 Upper member 13 Intermediate member 14 Sliding member 15 Lower member 16 Sliding member 21 Negative rigid device 22 Upper member 22a Spherical recess 23 Lower member 23a Convex spherical upper surface 24 Sliding member 24a Convex spherical upper surface 24b Concave spherical lower surface 30 Seismic isolation Structure 31 Structure 32 Laminated rubber

【０００３】
化、風等による比較的小さな入力の場合には、免震構造物が不要な振動を生じないように、通常与えられるトリガー機能を負担することができず、該負の剛性装置を使用した場合には、別途設ける復元力（原点復帰能力）を有する装置及び／又はエネルギ吸収装置にトリガー機能を持たせる必要があった。
［００１２］
また、特許文献２に記載の負の剛性を有する振動エネルギ吸収装置は、免震構造物に使用する際、全体の剛性を特に大きくすることはないという利点があり、免震構物の免震周期を伸ばし、免震効果を高めるという効果がある。その反面、構造そのものが複雑であった。
［００１３］
そこで、本発明は、上記従来の技術における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、該負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止したり、作用する応力を調整できる上に、復元力を有する装置（例えば、積層ゴム体）の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長することができ、また該摩擦減衰により免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができる上、トリガー機能も付与できる装置を提供することを目的とする。
課題を解決するための手段
［００１４］
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する上部材と、該上部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状上表面を有し、かまぼこ形に形成された下部材と、前記上部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状上表面が前記上部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状下表面が前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面を曲率方向に摺動するとともに、前記摺動部材の凸曲面状上表面が前記上部材の凹曲面状溝を摺動して前記摺動部材が前記上部材に対して相対的に回転することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。
［００１５］
そして、本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹曲面状下表面と下部材の凸曲面状上表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が上部[0003]
In the case of relatively small inputs due to wind, wind, etc., the normal trigger function cannot be borne so that the seismic isolation structure does not cause unnecessary vibration, and the negative rigid device is used Therefore, it is necessary to provide a trigger function to a device and / or an energy absorbing device having a restoring force (origin return capability) provided separately.
[0012]
Further, the vibration energy absorbing device having negative stiffness described in Patent Document 2 has an advantage that the overall stiffness is not particularly increased when used for a seismic isolation structure. It has the effect of extending the cycle and enhancing the seismic isolation effect. On the other hand, the structure itself was complicated.
[0013]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and with a simple configuration, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device. The negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure or adjusts the acting stress, and it is not necessary to particularly increase the restoring force of a device having a restoring force (for example, a laminated rubber body) An object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of extending the base isolation period of the base isolation structure, increasing the damping effect of the base isolation structure by the friction damping, and providing a trigger function.
Means for Solving the Problems [0014]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a negative rigid device, an upper member having a concave curved groove opening downward, and a convex curved upper surface having a smaller curvature than the concave curved groove of the upper member. A lower member formed in a semi-cylindrical shape, and a convex curved upper surface having the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the upper member, and a concave curved surface having the same curvature as the convex curved upper surface of the lower member And the concave curved surface of the sliding member in a state in which the convex curved upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved groove of the upper member. The sliding member slides in the curvature direction on the convex curved upper surface of the lower member in a state where the convex lower surface is in contact with the convex curved upper surface of the lower member, and the convex curved surface of the sliding member The upper surface of the slider slides on the concave curved groove of the upper member, and the sliding member rotates relative to the upper member. The Rukoto, which has a negative stiffness, characterized in that it is possible to obtain a frictional damping.
[0015]
According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave curved lower surface of the sliding member and the convex curved upper surface of the lower member acts in the event of an earthquake or the like, the sliding member Top

【０００４】
材に対して相対的に回転しながら下部材の凸曲面状上表面を摺動して徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができる。そして、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができる。さらに、復元力を有する装置の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長することができる。また、摩擦減衰作用により、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができる。加えて、摺動部材の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用しないと、摺動部材が摺動を開始しないため、トリガー機能も付与することができる。
［００１６］
前記負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置することができる。この負の剛性装置によれば、上述の負の剛性装置の特徴を有するとともに、上部材が中間部材を介して下部材に対して全方向に移動可能な負の剛性装置を実現することができる。
［００１７］
また、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する下部材と、該下部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状下表面を有し、かまぼこ形に形成された上部材と、前記下部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状下表面が前記下部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状上表面が前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面を曲率方向に摺動するとともに、前記摺動部材の凸曲面状下表面が前記下部材の凹曲面状溝を摺動して前記摺動部材が前記下部材に対して相対的に回転することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。
［００１８］
本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹曲面状上表面と上部材の凸曲面状下表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が下部材に対して相対的に回転しながら上部材の凸曲面状下表面を曲率方向に摺動する際に、上部材が徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮し、負の剛性により構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができる。また、復元力を有する装置の復元力を特に大きくする必要がないため、免震構造物の免震周期を延長できる。さらに、摩擦減衰[0004]
While rotating relative to the material, it slides down the convex upper surface of the lower member and gradually descends. Thereby, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be demonstrated with one apparatus by simple structure. The negative rigidity can prevent excessive input to the structure and adjust the stress acting on the structure. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to increase the restoring force of the device having the restoring force, the seismic isolation cycle of the seismic isolation structure can be extended. Further, the damping effect of the seismic isolation structure can be increased by the friction damping action. In addition, if a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force of the sliding member does not act, the sliding member does not start sliding, so that a trigger function can be provided.
[0016]
The negative rigid device can be arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. According to this negative rigid device, it is possible to realize a negative rigid device that has the characteristics of the negative rigid device described above and that can move the upper member in all directions with respect to the lower member via the intermediate member. .
[0017]
Further, the present invention is a negative rigid device having a lower member having a concave curved groove opening upward, a convex curved lower surface having a smaller curvature than the concave curved groove of the lower member, An upper member formed in a shape, and a convex curved lower surface having the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the lower member, and a concave curved upper surface having the same curvature as the convex curved lower surface of the upper member A sliding member, the convex curved lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved groove of the lower member, and the concave curved upper surface of the sliding member is the The sliding member slides in the curvature direction on the convex curved lower surface of the upper member in a state of contacting the convex curved lower surface of the upper member, and the convex curved lower surface of the sliding member By sliding the concave curved groove on the lower member and rotating the sliding member relative to the lower member, With rigid, characterized in that it is possible to obtain a frictional damping.
[0018]
According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave curved upper surface of the sliding member and the convex curved lower surface of the upper member acts in the event of an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the lower member. When the upper member slides in the direction of curvature while rotating relative to the upper member, the upper member gradually descends. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and adjusts the stress acting on the structure. be able to. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the restoring force of the device having the restoring force, the seismic isolation cycle of the base isolation structure can be extended. In addition, friction damping

【０００５】
作用により、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させることができ、摺動部材の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用しないと、摺動部材が摺動を開始しないため、トリガー機能も付与することができる。
［００１９］
前記負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置することができる。この負の剛性装置によれば、上述の特徴を有する負の剛性装置であって、上部材が中間部材を介して下部材に対して全方向に移動可能な負の剛性装置を実現することができる。
［００２０］
さらに、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、下方に開口する球面状凹部を有する上部材と、該上部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状上表面を有する下部材と、前記上部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸球面状上表面と同一曲率の凹球面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の凸球面状上表面が前記上部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状下表面が前記下部材の凸球面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の凸球面状上表面を曲率方向に摺動するとともに、前記摺動部材の凸球面状上表面が前記上部材の球面状凹部を曲率方向に摺動して前記摺動部材が前記上部材に対して相対的に回転することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。
［００２１］
本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹球面状下表面と下部材の凸球面状上表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が上部材に対して相対的に回転しながら上部材とともに下部材の凸球面状上表面を摺動して徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができるとともに、免震構造物の免震周期を延長させ、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させトリガー機能も付与することができる。また、各部材は、球面状の凹部又は凸部で接触するため、上部材が下部材に対して全方向に移動可能となる。
［００２２］
また、本発明は、負の剛性装置であって、上方に開口する球面状凹部を有する下部材と、該下部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状下表面を有する上部材と、前記下部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上[0005]
By the action, the damping effect of the seismic isolation structure can be increased, and if the horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force of the sliding member does not act, the sliding member does not start sliding, so that a trigger function can also be provided. it can.
[0019]
The negative rigid device can be arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. According to this negative rigidity device, it is possible to realize a negative rigidity device having the above-described characteristics, in which the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member via the intermediate member. it can.
[0020]
Furthermore, the present invention is a negative rigid device, an upper member having a spherical recess opening downward, a lower member having a convex spherical upper surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical recess of the upper member, A sliding member having a convex spherical upper surface having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and having a concave spherical lower surface having the same curvature as the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member. In a state where the convex spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and the concave spherical lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member, The sliding member slides on the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member in the curvature direction, and the convex spherical upper surface of the sliding member slides on the spherical concave portion of the upper member in the curvature direction. As the sliding member rotates relative to the upper member, it has negative rigidity. Characterized in that it is possible to obtain a frictional damping.
[0021]
According to the present invention, when a horizontal force that exceeds the static frictional force between the concave spherical lower surface of the sliding member and the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member acts during an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the upper member. While rotating relative to the upper member, the upper member slides on the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member and gradually descends. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, and the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and acts on the structure. In addition to adjusting the stress, the base isolation cycle of the base isolation structure can be extended, the damping effect of the base isolation structure can be increased, and a trigger function can be provided. Moreover, since each member contacts with a spherical recessed part or convex part, the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member.
[0022]
Further, the present invention is a negative rigid device, a lower member having a spherical concave portion opening upward, an upper member having a convex spherical lower surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical concave portion of the lower member, The lower member has a convex spherical lower surface having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the lower member,

【０００６】
部材の凸球面状下表面と同一曲率の凹球面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、該摺動部材の凸球面状下表面が前記下部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状上表面が前記上部材の凸球面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の凸球面状下表面を曲率方向に摺動するとともに、前記摺動部材の凸球面状下表面が前記下部材の球面状凹部を曲率方向に摺動して前記摺動部材が前記下部材に対して相対的に回転することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする。
［００２３］
本発明によれば、地震等の際に、摺動部材の凹球面状上表面と上部材の凸球面状下表面との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材が下部材に対して相対的に回転しながら下部材とともに上部材の凸球面状下表面を摺動することにより、上部材が徐々に下降していく。これにより、簡単な構成で、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、負の剛性により、構造物への過大な入力を防止し、構造物に作用する応力を調整することができるとともに、免震構造物の免震周期を延長させ、免震構造物の減衰効果を増加させトリガー機能も付与することができる。また、各部材は、球面状の凹部又は凸部で接触するため、上部材が下部材に対して全方向に移動可能となる。
［００２４］
また、本発明は、免震構造物であって、前記負の剛性装置を備えた上部工支持装置の少なくともいずれか一つと、復元力特性を有する装置とを備えることを特徴とする。これによって、前記負の剛性装置の負剛性を利用するとともに、地震等の後に構造物の原点復帰が容易となり、余震の際等に作動状況が不安定になることを防止することができる。ここで、復元力特性を有する装置には、ばね装置、積層ゴム支承装置等を用いることができる。
発明の効果
［００２５］
以上のように、本発明によれば、簡単な構成により、一つの装置で負の剛性と摩擦減衰の両方の機能を発揮することができ、トリガー機能も付与できる負の剛性装置、及び該負の剛性装置を備えた免震構造物を提供することができる。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
［００２６］
本発明にかかる負の剛性装置等の説明に先立ち、まず、負の剛性を有する振動エネルギ吸収装置（ダンパー）の原理について説明する。[0006]
A sliding member having a concave spherical upper surface of the same curvature as the convex spherical lower surface of the member, with the convex spherical lower surface of the sliding member in contact with the spherical concave portion of the lower member, In addition, the sliding member slides on the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member in the curvature direction in a state where the concave spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member. In addition, since the convex spherical lower surface of the sliding member slides in the curvature direction of the spherical concave portion of the lower member and the sliding member rotates relative to the lower member, negative rigidity is obtained. And frictional damping can be obtained.
[0023]
According to the present invention, when a horizontal force exceeding the static frictional force between the concave spherical upper surface of the sliding member and the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member acts during an earthquake or the like, the sliding member becomes the lower member. The upper member gradually descends by sliding with the lower member together with the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member while rotating relative to the lower member. As a result, both functions of negative rigidity and friction damping can be achieved with a single device with a simple configuration, and the negative rigidity prevents excessive input to the structure and acts on the structure. In addition to adjusting the stress, the base isolation cycle of the base isolation structure can be extended, the damping effect of the base isolation structure can be increased, and a trigger function can be provided. Moreover, since each member contacts with a spherical recessed part or convex part, the upper member can move in all directions with respect to the lower member.
[0024]
In addition, the present invention is a seismic isolation structure, and includes at least one of the superstructure support devices including the negative rigidity device and a device having a restoring force characteristic. This makes it possible to utilize the negative rigidity of the negative rigidity device, facilitate the return of the origin of the structure after an earthquake or the like, and prevent the operating situation from becoming unstable during an aftershock or the like. Here, a spring device, a laminated rubber bearing device, or the like can be used as the device having restoring force characteristics.
Effect of the Invention [0025]
As described above, according to the present invention, with a simple configuration, a negative stiffness device that can exhibit both functions of negative stiffness and friction damping and can also provide a trigger function with a single device, and the negative stiffness device can be provided. It is possible to provide a base-isolated structure including the rigid device.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [0026]
Prior to the description of the negative rigidity device according to the present invention, first, the principle of a vibration energy absorbing device (damper) having negative rigidity will be described.

【０００７】
［００２７］
図１は、従来の線形ダンパーを説明するためのものであって、例えば、左側のグラフに示すような正の剛性を有する積層ゴムに、真ん中の楕円形状の挙動を示すダンパーを取り付けた場合には、免震システムとして右側に示すような挙動を示すこととなる。ここで、積層ゴムの持つ剛性と変位量から求められる水平力に対し、ダンパーのもつ履歴減衰分の水平力が加算され、システム全体として考えた場合、構造物に生じる水平力が増加し、構造物の持つ耐力以上になるおそれがある。
［００２８］
そこで、図２に示すように、左側のグラフに示すような正の剛性を有する積層ゴムに、真ん中の右下がりの直線と縦軸に平行な直線からなる平行四辺形状の挙動を示すダンパー（滑り型の負剛性ダンパー（以下、単に「負の剛性装置」という）を取り付けると、免震システムとして右側に示すような正方形状の挙動を得ることが可能となる。すなわち、積層ゴムの持つ剛性と変位量から求められる水平力に対し、負の剛性装置のもつ履歴減衰分の水平力が加算されても、システム全体として考えた場合、構造物に生じる水平力が増加することを抑制することができ、構造物の持つ耐力以上になることを防止し得る。
［００２９］
図３は、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の一実施の形態を示し、この負の剛性装置１は、上部材２と、下部材３と、摺動部材４とで構成され、図４に示すように、上部材２と摺動部材４とが組み合わされた状態で、摺動部材４が上部材２に対して相対的に回転しながら下部材３の上表面を摺動し、これに伴い上部材２が下部材３に対して相対移動する。尚、摺動部材４の摺動表面には所望の摩擦係数に応じ、フッ素樹脂等の樹脂系材料、交織布系材料、ベアリングプレート（固体潤滑剤付きを含む）等を使用することができ、上部材２及び下部材３には、ステンレス鋼材、潤滑皮膜で被覆された鋼材、又はメッキを施した鋼材等を使用することができる。また、上部材２には、構造物の重量に加え、上部材２を上方からばね等で押圧することにより負荷を加え所望の摩擦力を得ることもできる。
［００３０］
上部材２は、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝２ａを有し、下部材３は、上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａより曲率の小さい（曲率半径の大きい）凸曲面状上表面３ａを有する。また、摺動部材４は、上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａと同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面４ａを有するとともに、かまぼこ形の下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａと同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面４ｂ[0007]
[0027]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a conventional linear damper, for example, when a damper having a middle elliptical behavior is attached to a laminated rubber having a positive rigidity as shown in the left graph. Will behave as shown on the right side as a seismic isolation system. Here, the horizontal force corresponding to the hysteresis damping of the damper is added to the horizontal force obtained from the rigidity and displacement of the laminated rubber, and the horizontal force generated in the structure increases when the entire system is considered. There is a risk of exceeding the proof strength of the object.
[0028]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, a damper (slipper) having a behavior of a parallelogram consisting of a straight line in the middle and a straight line parallel to the vertical axis is applied to a laminated rubber having positive rigidity as shown in the left graph. When a negative rigidity damper (hereinafter simply referred to as a “negative rigidity device”) is attached, it is possible to obtain a square-shaped behavior as shown on the right side as a seismic isolation system. Even if the horizontal force for the hysteresis damping of the negative rigid device is added to the horizontal force obtained from the amount of displacement, it is possible to suppress an increase in the horizontal force generated in the structure when the entire system is considered. Can be prevented from exceeding the yield strength of the structure.
[0029]
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a negative rigid device according to the present invention. The negative rigid device 1 is composed of an upper member 2, a lower member 3, and a sliding member 4. FIG. As shown, in the state where the upper member 2 and the sliding member 4 are combined, the sliding member 4 slides on the upper surface of the lower member 3 while rotating relative to the upper member 2. Accordingly, the upper member 2 moves relative to the lower member 3. The sliding surface of the sliding member 4 can be made of a resin-based material such as fluororesin, an union cloth-based material, a bearing plate (including a solid lubricant), etc., depending on a desired coefficient of friction. For the upper member 2 and the lower member 3, a stainless steel material, a steel material coated with a lubricating film, a plated steel material, or the like can be used. In addition to the weight of the structure, a load can be applied to the upper member 2 by pressing the upper member 2 with a spring or the like from above to obtain a desired frictional force.
[0030]
The upper member 2 has a concave curved groove 2a that opens downward, and the lower member 3 has a convex curved upper surface 3a that has a smaller curvature (a larger radius of curvature) than the concave curved groove 2a of the upper member 2. . Further, the sliding member 4 has a convex curved upper surface 4a having the same curvature as the concave curved groove 2a of the upper member 2, and a concave curved surface having the same curvature as the convex curved upper surface 3a of the kamaboko shaped lower member 3. Bottom surface 4b

【０００８】
を有する。ここで、図４に示すように、上部材２は上方からの鉛直力Ｗを受けている。尚、下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａは曲率半径Ｒを有する。
［００３１］
上記構成により、図４（ａ）に示すように、摺動部材４に左方向の水平力Ｆが付加され、下部材３と摺動部材４との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材４は、図４（ｂ）に示すように、上部材２とともに下部材３の凸曲面状上表面３ａ上を左方向に摺動して徐々に下降していく。その過程で、摺動部材４の凸曲面状上表面４ａが上部材２の凹曲面状溝２ａを摺動し、摺動部材４が上部材２に対して相対的に回転する。この際、摺動部材４の変位が大きくなるに従って、摺動部材４には負の負荷が加わることとなるため、図２の真ん中に示したグラフに示すような挙動を取ることとなる。尚、図４（ｃ）に示すように、摺動部材４に右方向の水平力Ｆが加えられた場合も同様である。
［００３２］
尚、上記実施の形態においては、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝２ａを有する上部材２と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ形に形成された下部材３と、摺動部材４とを組み合わせたが、これらを上下方向に反転し、上部材を下側凸形状でかまぼこ形に形成し、下部材に上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を設け、これらの間を摺動部材が摺動するように構成し、上記と同様の作用効果を奏することもできる。
［００３３］
尚、図４に示した負の剛性装置の剛性（−Ｋ）は、曲率半径Ｒと物体の重量Ｗの関係より、（−Ｋ）＝Ｗ／Ｒとして計算され、併用される積層ゴム等の正の剛性Ｋと適宜組み合わせることで、装置全体の剛性を如何様にも調整することができる。
［００３４］
次に、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第２の実施の形態について、図５を参照しながら説明する。
［００３５］
この負の剛性装置１１は、上部材１２と、下部材１５と、中間部材１３と、上部材１２と中間部材１３との間で摺動する摺動部材１４と、下部材１５と中間部材１３との間で摺動する摺動部材１６とで構成される。ここで、上部材１２は、図３の上部材２と、中間部材１３及び下部材１５は、図３の下部材３と、摺動部材１４、１６は、図３の摺動部材４と各々同様の形状及び材質を有する。また、摺動部材１４の軸線と、摺動部材１６の軸線とは互いに直交する。
［００３６］
この負の剛性装置１１は、図３及び図４に示した負の剛性装置１を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置したものであって、負の剛性装置１と同様の効果を奏するとともに、上部材１２は、中間部材１３に対して摺動部材１４の軸線[0008]
Have Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper member 2 receives a vertical force W from above. The convex curved upper surface 3a of the lower member 3 has a radius of curvature R.
[0031]
4A, when a horizontal force F in the left direction is applied to the sliding member 4 and a horizontal force exceeding the static friction force between the lower member 3 and the sliding member 4 is applied. As shown in FIG. 4B, the sliding member 4 slides leftward on the convex curved upper surface 3a of the lower member 3 together with the upper member 2 and gradually descends. In the process, the convex curved upper surface 4 a of the sliding member 4 slides in the concave curved groove 2 a of the upper member 2, and the sliding member 4 rotates relative to the upper member 2. At this time, as the displacement of the sliding member 4 increases, a negative load is applied to the sliding member 4, and thus the behavior shown in the graph shown in the middle of FIG. The same applies to the case where a horizontal force F in the right direction is applied to the sliding member 4 as shown in FIG.
[0032]
In the above-described embodiment, the upper member 2 having the concave curved groove 2a that opens downward, the lower member 3 formed in the upper convex shape in a kamaboko shape, and the sliding member 4 are combined. These are inverted in the vertical direction, the upper member is formed in a convex shape with a lower convex shape, a concave curved groove that opens upward is provided in the lower member, and the sliding member slides between them And the same operation effect as the above can also be produced.
[0033]
The rigidity (−K) of the negative rigidity device shown in FIG. 4 is calculated as (−K) = W / R based on the relationship between the radius of curvature R and the weight W of the object. By appropriately combining with the positive rigidity K, the rigidity of the entire apparatus can be adjusted in any way.
[0034]
Next, a second embodiment of the negative rigid device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0035]
The negative rigidity device 11 includes an upper member 12, a lower member 15, an intermediate member 13, a sliding member 14 that slides between the upper member 12 and the intermediate member 13, and a lower member 15 and an intermediate member 13. And a sliding member 16 that slides between them. Here, the upper member 12 is the upper member 2 of FIG. 3, the intermediate member 13 and the lower member 15 are the lower member 3 of FIG. 3, and the sliding members 14 and 16 are the sliding member 4 of FIG. It has the same shape and material. Further, the axis of the sliding member 14 and the axis of the sliding member 16 are orthogonal to each other.
[0036]
The negative rigid device 11 is the negative rigid device 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other, and is the same as the negative rigid device 1. While having an effect, the upper member 12 has an axis of the sliding member 14 with respect to the intermediate member 13.

【０００９】
に対して垂直な方向に移動可能であり、一方、中間部材１３は下部材１５に対して摺動部材１６の軸線に対して垂直な方向に移動可能となる。これによって、上部材１２は、中間部材１３を介して下部材１５に対して全方向に移動することが可能となる。
［００３７］
尚、上記実施の形態においては、下方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する上部材１２と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ形に形成された下部材１５と、上側凸形状でかまぼこ形に形成された中間部材１３と、２つの摺動部材１４、１６を組み合わせたが、これらを上下方向に反転し、上部材を下側凸形状でかまぼこ形に形成し、下部材に上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を設け、これらの間に中間部材を設け、２つの摺動部材を組み合わせることによって、上記の負の剛性装置と同様の作用効果を奏するように構成することもできる。
［００３８］
次に、本発明にかかる負の剛性装置の第３の実施の形態について、図６を参照しながら説明する。
［００３９］
この負の剛性装置２１は、上部材２２と、下部材２３と、上部材２２と下部材２３との間で摺動する摺動部材２４とで構成される。
［００４０］
上部材２２は、下方に開口する球面状凹部２２ａを有し、下部材２３は、上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａより曲率の小さい（曲率半径の大きい）凸球面状上表面２３ａを有する。また、摺動部材２４は、上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａと同一曲率の凸球面状上表面２４ａを有するとともに、下部材２３の凸球面状上表面２３ａと同一曲率の凹球面状下表面２４ｂを有する。
［００４１］
図６（ｃ）に示すように、上部材２２と、摺動部材２４と、下部材２３とを組み合わせ、上部材２２の上方から鉛直力Ｗを付加する。そして、地震等により、摺動部材２４に右方向の水平力Ｆが付加され、摺動部材２４と下部材２３との間の静摩擦力を超える水平力が作用すると、摺動部材２４は、上部材２２とともに下部材２３の凸球面状上表面２３ａ上を右方向に摺動して徐々に下降していく。その過程で、摺動部材２４の凸球面状上表面２４ａが上部材２２の球面状凹部２２ａを右方向に摺動し、摺動部材２４が上部材２２に対して相対的に回転する。この際、摺動部材２４の変位が大きくなるに従って、摺動部材２４には負の負荷が加わることとなるため、前述の図２の真ん中に示したグラフに示すような挙動を取ることとなる。また、本実施の形態においては、各構成部材が、球面状凹部又は凸球面状上表面等を有し、互いに球面で接触しているため、上部材２２は、下部材２[0009]
The intermediate member 13 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the sliding member 16 with respect to the lower member 15. As a result, the upper member 12 can move in all directions with respect to the lower member 15 via the intermediate member 13.
[0037]
In the above-described embodiment, the upper member 12 having a concave curved groove that opens downward, the lower member 15 formed in an upper convex shape and a semi-cylindrical shape, and the intermediate member formed in an upper convex shape and an semi-cylindrical shape. The member 13 and the two sliding members 14 and 16 are combined, but these are reversed in the vertical direction, the upper member is formed in a bottom-convex shape with a semi-cylindrical shape, and the concave curved groove that opens upward in the lower member By providing an intermediate member between them and combining two sliding members, it is also possible to achieve the same effect as the negative rigid device.
[0038]
Next, a third embodiment of the negative rigid device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0039]
The negative rigidity device 21 includes an upper member 22, a lower member 23, and a sliding member 24 that slides between the upper member 22 and the lower member 23.
[0040]
The upper member 22 has a spherical concave portion 22a that opens downward, and the lower member 23 has a convex spherical upper surface 23a that has a smaller curvature (a larger radius of curvature) than the spherical concave portion 22a of the upper member 22. The sliding member 24 has a convex spherical upper surface 24a having the same curvature as the spherical concave portion 22a of the upper member 22, and a concave spherical lower surface 24b having the same curvature as the convex spherical upper surface 23a of the lower member 23. Have
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 6C, the upper member 22, the sliding member 24, and the lower member 23 are combined, and a vertical force W is applied from above the upper member 22. When a horizontal force F in the right direction is applied to the sliding member 24 due to an earthquake or the like and a horizontal force exceeding the static friction force between the sliding member 24 and the lower member 23 acts, the sliding member 24 It slides rightward on the convex spherical upper surface 23a of the lower member 23 together with the member 22 and gradually descends. In the process, the convex spherical upper surface 24 a of the sliding member 24 slides rightward on the spherical concave portion 22 a of the upper member 22, and the sliding member 24 rotates relative to the upper member 22. At this time, as the displacement of the sliding member 24 increases, a negative load is applied to the sliding member 24, so that the behavior shown in the graph shown in the middle of FIG. . Further, in the present embodiment, each component member has a spherical concave portion or a convex spherical upper surface and the like, and is in contact with each other by a spherical surface.

Claims (7)

下方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する上部材と、
該上部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状上表面を有し、かまぼこ状に形成された下部材と、
前記上部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、
該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状上表面が前記上部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状下表面が前記下部材の凸曲面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら前記下部材の前記凸曲面状上表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする負の剛性装置。An upper member having a concave curved groove opening downward;
A lower member having a convex curved upper surface having a smaller curvature than the concave curved groove of the upper member, and formed in a kamaboko shape;
It has a convex curved upper surface with the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the upper member, and a sliding member having a concave curved lower surface with the same curvature as the convex curved upper surface of the lower member,
The upper surface of the convex surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved surface of the upper member, and the lower surface of the concave surface of the sliding member is the upper surface of the convex surface of the lower member. The sliding member slides on the convex curved upper surface of the lower member while rotating with the concave curved groove of the upper member while in contact with the surface, thereby having negative rigidity. In addition, a negative rigidity device characterized in that friction damping can be obtained. 請求項１に記載の負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置したことを特徴とする負の剛性装置。   The negative rigid device according to claim 1, wherein the negative rigid device is arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. 上方に開口する凹曲面状溝を有する下部材と、
該下部材の凹曲面状溝より曲率の小さい凸曲面状下表面を有し、かまぼこ状に形成された上部材と、
前記下部材の凹曲面状溝と同一曲率の凸曲面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面と同一曲率の凹曲面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、
該摺動部材の前記凸曲面状下表面が前記下部材の前記凹曲面状溝に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の前記凹曲面状上表面が前記上部材の凸曲面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の凹曲面状溝との間で回転しながら前記上部材の前記凸曲面状下表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする負の剛性装置。A lower member having a concave curved groove opening upward;
An upper member having a convex curved lower surface with a lower curvature than the concave curved groove of the lower member,
It has a convex curved lower surface with the same curvature as the concave curved groove of the lower member, and a sliding member having a concave curved upper surface with the same curvature as the convex curved lower surface of the upper member,
The lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the concave curved groove of the lower member, and the upper surface of the concave surface of the sliding member is lower than the convex surface of the upper member. The sliding member slides on the convex curved lower surface of the upper member while rotating with the concave curved groove of the lower member while in contact with the surface, thereby having negative rigidity. In addition, a negative rigidity device characterized in that friction damping can be obtained. 請求項３に記載の負の剛性装置を上下方向に２段にわたって、かつ互いに直交した状態で配置したことを特徴とする負の剛性装置。   4. The negative rigid device according to claim 3, wherein the negative rigid device is arranged in two stages in the vertical direction and orthogonal to each other. 下方に開口する球面状凹部を有する上部材と、
該上部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状上表面を有する下部材と、
前記上部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状上表面を有するとともに、前記下部材の凸球面状上表面と同一曲率の凹球面状下表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、
該摺動部材の凸球面状上表面が前記上部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状下表面が前記下部材の凸球面状上表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記上部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら前記下部材の凸球面状上表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする負の剛性装置。An upper member having a spherical recess opening downward;
A lower member having a convex spherical upper surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical concave portion of the upper member;
It has a convex spherical upper surface with the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and a sliding member having a concave spherical lower surface with the same curvature as the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member,
The convex spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the spherical concave portion of the upper member, and the concave spherical lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member In this state, the sliding member slides on the convex spherical upper surface of the lower member while rotating with the spherical concave portion of the upper member, thereby obtaining negative rigidity and friction damping. A negative stiffness device, characterized in that it can. 上方に開口する球面状凹部を有する下部材と、
該下部材の球面状凹部より曲率の小さい凸球面状下表面を有する上部材と、
前記下部材の球面状凹部と同一曲率の凸球面状下表面を有するとともに、前記上部材の凸球面状下表面と同一曲率の凹球面状上表面を有する摺動部材とからなり、
該摺動部材の凸球面状下表面が前記下部材の球面状凹部に当接した状態で、かつ、該摺動部材の凹球面状上表面が前記上部材の凸球面状下表面に当接した状態で、該摺動部材が前記下部材の球面状凹部との間で回転しながら前記上部材の凸球面状下表面を摺動することにより、負の剛性を有するとともに、摩擦減衰を得ることができることを特徴とする負の剛性装置。A lower member having a spherical recess opening upward;
An upper member having a convex spherical lower surface having a smaller curvature than the spherical concave portion of the lower member;
It has a convex spherical lower surface with the same curvature as the spherical concave portion of the lower member, and a sliding member having a concave spherical upper surface with the same curvature as the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member,
The convex spherical lower surface of the sliding member is in contact with the spherical concave portion of the lower member, and the concave spherical upper surface of the sliding member is in contact with the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member. In this state, the sliding member slides on the convex spherical lower surface of the upper member while rotating with the spherical concave portion of the lower member, thereby having negative rigidity and frictional damping. A negative stiffness device, characterized in that it can. 請求項１乃至６のいずれかに記載の負の剛性装置の少なくともいずれか一つを備えた上部工支持装置と、
復元力特性を有する装置とを備えることを特徴とする免震構造物。An upper work support device comprising at least one of the negative rigid devices according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A base-isolated structure comprising a device having a restoring force characteristic.
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