JPS6374951A - Manufacturing apparatus for elongated ceramic board - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention involves drying an extruded body formed by continuous extrusion of a raw material mainly composed of clay in a short period of time, cutting it into regular lengths, and baking it. The present invention relates to a device that can manufacture long ceramic plates of a predetermined length at low cost, in a significantly shorter manufacturing time than in the past, and without deformation.

[Conventional technology]

In general, inner and outer wall materials and roof tiles made of clay are extruded into a predetermined shape, and then immediately cut into short lengths, for example, 10 to 30 cm, which are then dried using waste heat from a kiln. In about 1 to 3 days, the moisture content is reduced to 1 to 0%.
It was common to have a device configured to feed into a trolley-type kiln.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In this type of equipment, the drying and firing process takes several days, and since the pieces are soft, long pieces cannot be manufactured by transporting them to the drying equipment unless they are short. Moreover, it required a vast factory site and three times as many workers (for three shifts) as usual. Also,
Conventional equipment dries the fabric using hot air, which causes the fabric to dry from the surface, resulting in twisting, bending, and cranking, and the maximum length of the dried fabric was approximately 60 cm. This has the disadvantage that the surface layer exposed to the hot air dries first, and moreover, from the edges, causing deformation, warping, twisting, cranking, etc. due to internal moisture. In particular, since the deformation of the extruded product is greatly affected by the moisture content of 5 to 10%, it has not been possible to dry it smoothly during this period without causing the above-mentioned warping, cracking, etc. Furthermore, the firing time is 8 to 10 minutes according to the temperature curve for preheating, firing, and cooling.
It has a bathoji or tunnel dryer structure that can be completed in 0 hours, and its temperature control takes a long time as mentioned above because the furnace is large and the response is slow.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention aims to transfer the extruded product smoothly from the extrusion port of the extrusion molding machine to the microwave heating machine through the transfer machine without causing any deformation, twisting, cranking, or shrinkage. The dried extruded body was fed in a continuous form to a far-infrared heater device, and then the dried extruded body was sent to a firing furnace consisting of a traveling cutter and a roller hearth kiln in that order.
The drying process allows you to freely change the temperature, feed, etc. for fixed-length drying plates up to about 3,000 m, and the baking process significantly shortens drying and baking times compared to previous methods, resulting in high efficiency, and long plates without cranks or deformation. To provide an apparatus for manufacturing a long chest plate that can continuously manufacture ceramic plates in a short time of, for example, about 1 to 3 hours.

〔Example〕

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, one Example of the manufacturing apparatus of the long ceramic plate based on this invention is demonstrated in detail using drawing. Figure 1 Ta), (
b) is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of the above device; 1
For example, as shown in Figure 2 (
The extrusion molded product A having the cross-sectional shapes shown in a) to U) is continuously extruded, and the extrusion speed is, for example, about 100 to 2000 w/min, although it varies depending on the thickness and width. Note that clay is a natural product and has different components depending on its production area, and these advantages and disadvantages are offset to obtain a predetermined mixed clay. Specific examples include pottery stone,
Feldspar, kaolinite, hallosite, metahalosite,
It is made by crushing clay, Frogme clay, Shigaraki clay, chamotte, etc., then adding water and kneading it.

In addition, iron is removed from this clay using a magnet if necessary. Reference numeral 1 denotes a transfer device, which is composed of at least one type of, for example, a free roller or a drive belt synchronized with the extrusion speed (not shown), and smoothly feeds the extruded product A to the next process without deformation at the same extrusion speed. It is for. In particular, the free roller 3 is useful for transporting the extruded product A in an extruded state without static frictional resistance, and the drive belt conveyor 4 is used at a position about 0.5 to 2 m wide from the exit, which is slightly larger than when it was extruded. In order to prevent the extruded product A from being hard and being compressed and shrinking because the force during extrusion cannot fully resist the weight of the extruded part that was extruded first, the extruded product A is continuously passed through the next process at approximately the same speed as during extrusion. It is intended to be transferred to The shell has a continuous oven structure using a microwave heating machine.
The microwave B mainly penetrates into the inside of the extruded body A and converts the microwave B into thermal energy without requiring almost any time for heat conduction, and generates heat in a few seconds to a few minutes, reaching 1/3 of the water content in the clay, e.g. ~10 (wt%). In addition, the water content in the extruded product A is 22 to 22% by weight.
The content is about 15%, of which 5 to 10% is evaporated. In particular, this type of extruded product A shrinks in volume until the moisture content reaches about 5 to 8%, but when the moisture content falls below that, the volume does not shrink. Therefore, to specifically explain the microwave heating machine, it includes a waveguide 6 that guides the microwave B oscillated from a microwave oscillator (not shown) to a desired location, and a reflection plate 7 that reflects the guided microwave B. , a rotary blade 8 that stirs the reflected microwave B, and a free roller 9 that moves the extrusion molded product A at the extrusion speed and allows the microwave B to be irradiated from the back side of the extrusion molded product A as well. Part 11.1 of the filter serves as the inlet and outlet of the conveyor section and the extruded body A, and attenuates the microwave B so that it does not leak to the outside.
2, an inlet 14 for guiding air etc. C into the heated space 13, and an enclosure 15 surrounding the microwave B to prevent it from leaking from the heated space 13 to the outside.

Further, the size of the heated space 13 of the extruded body A varies depending on the purpose, but is, for example, about 1 to 5 m.

Furthermore, since the extrusion molded product A shrinks in volume by about 10% during drying, the conveyance section 10 is designed to easily absorb this shrinkage with the free rollers 9. Further, the introduction port 14 is connected to the microwave B
A large amount of water vapor is released in a short period of time due to heating, which is released to the outside from the inlet and outlet 11a, 12a, and the extruded product A is dried by preventing condensation from forming on the surface of the extruded product A and the inner wall of the enclosure 15. Prevents the negative effects of time (crank, explosion),
The water vapor on the surface of the extruded product A is constantly blown away by wind, which is useful for further shortening the drying time. The first is a far-infrared heater device, particularly a heater using far-infrared rays as a heat source, to raise the extrusion molded product A to 130° C. or higher in order to reduce the moisture content of the extrusion molded product A to 1 to 0%. Its structure consists of a conveyance mechanism 17 consisting of free rollers and a drive belt, a far-infrared heater 18, and a heat-retaining box 19, and the heating zone is about 2 to 5 m. Of course, the heating zone varies depending on the thickness, width, size, and conveyance speed of the semi-dry extrusion molded body A. 20 is a running cutter which cuts the dried continuous extrusion molded product A into a predetermined size while the cutter is running. 21 is a take-out mechanism;
The dry plate A' cut into a fixed length is sent to the next step at a speed faster than the speed at which the cut dry plate A' is sent out from the extrusion molding machine 1 using a driving roller, a belt, etc. η is a firing furnace consisting of one type of a roller hearth kiln or a tunnel type firing furnace, and its configuration is from an inlet 22a to an outlet 22b.
It has a mountain-like temperature distribution, and is divided into a preheating area 23, a firing area 24, and a cooling area 25 in this order.
00 to 1300°C, and the cooling region 25 is about 600 to 100°C. Of course, the crystal transformation point differs depending on the type and composition of the clay, and the temperature setting between each region is different, and the temperature and conveyance speed can be arbitrarily varied in each region. Note that the temperatures between the above-mentioned regions are not clearly divided, but are temporary divisions in continuous firing. To further explain the firing furnace η, the firing furnace η burns combustible gas, such as LPG gas, to fire the fixed length drying plate A′, and the burner (
arrays (not shown) are provided corresponding to each of the regions. In addition, mesh belts, metal rollers, ceramic rollers, alumina rollers, etc. are used as means for conveying the fixed length drying plate A' in the firing furnace, but especially in the firing area 24, the temperature rises to about 1300°C. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, an alumina roller 28 is placed between metal main shafts 26 and 27 to prevent heat from being transmitted to the drive source. In addition, the firing area 24 of the firing furnace competition
In this method, a furnace is formed of fire bricks, etc., through which the air is passed continuously in a straight line, and an exhaust damper (not shown) is provided between each device and area.

Next, the operation will be explained.

First, clay consisting of Shigaraki clay, chamotte, water reducing agent, and water is prepared as raw materials. The weight percentages are, for example, 61.5% of Shigaraki clay, 18% of chamotte, and 0.5% of water reducing agent (
Product name: Cellflow 2 (manufactured by Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) 20% water was kneaded using a clay kneader (model ?1P-100, manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.). In addition, the extrusion molding machine 1 has an extrusion capacity of 10
A model MV-FM-A-1 (manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.) with a model number of 0 to 1501/hr was used. In addition, the transfer machine 1 includes a free roller 3 and a drive belt conveyor 4 arranged in this order, and the microwave heating machine has a frequency of 2450 MH2 and an output of 5.
The length of the animal heated space 13 is 3 m, and if necessary, a large amount of air is fed into the heated space 13 from one wall of the enclosure 15, and the water vapor generated during heating is discharged from the exits 11a and 12a to the outside. The water vapor pressure in the space to be heated 13 is lowered, and the condensation water can be prevented from forming on the inner wall of the object to be heated and the enclosure 15, and the conveying section is made of Teflon pipes. It was a free roller. In addition, for a far infrared heater device, a plurality of far infrared heaters 18, approximately 3 to
They are arranged in a 10 m zone, and the output is set to, for example, 20 -. In addition, in the microwave heating machine, 18% (wt%) of water in extruded product A is evaporated to 5% (wt%), and the remaining water is used for far infrared heater equipment.
% or less. Furthermore, the extrusion speed of extrusion molding machine 1 is 300 to 1000 m/1 lIin.
Here, it is set to 400 m/a+in. others,
The pass lines of the extruded product A (in this case, it is in the form of a continuous molded product) are set at the same height, and the extruded product A is fed to the microwave heating machine by the drive belt conveyor 4 at the same extrusion speed of the extrusion molding machine 1. The flexible roller 9 for the conveying section in the microwave heating machine 1 is designed to absorb the difference in speed due to volumetric contraction due to water evaporation. The traveling cutter 20 synchronizes with the extrusion speed, cuts the material with a rotating blade without stopping the line, and feeds the material to the take-out mechanism 21. The take-out mechanism 21 has a speed at which the fixed length drying plate A' cut by the traveling cutter 20 can be separated from the traveling cutter 20;
Rotating at a speed somewhat faster than the so-called extrusion speed, a fixed length drying plate A
This is to prevent the ends of the two pieces from colliding with each other. In addition, the preheating area 23 of the firing furnace is heated from 150 to 800°C.
0m, and the firing area 24 is 800-1300℃
1300-100 in the cooling area 25.
℃ in 10 m. Note that the conveying speed can be set variously, and is, for example, about 300 to 30 m/l1 inch. Thereupon, the clay supplied to the extrusion molding machine 1 is sent out from its outlet in a continuous body having a cross section shown in FIG. 2+g+.

The delivered extrusion molded product A is sent to the microwave heating machine via the transfer machine 1, and while passing through the heated space 13 of the microwave heating machine 1, the moisture content of the extrusion molded product A is reduced to 5% (weight ratio). The water is reduced to an average level in 5 minutes, and then sent from the outlet to the far-infrared heater device.
It was evaporated and dried for about 10 minutes to the following (weight ratio): As a result, the extrusion molded product A, which has a continuous band from the exit of the extrusion molding machine 1 to the far infrared heater device, is fed as a dry product to the traveling cutter 20 in about 15 to 20 minutes, and cut into a predetermined size. A dry plate A' is obtained. This is fed to the firing furnace by the take-out mechanism 21. The firing furnace η performs preheating, firing, and cooling to form a long ceramic plate A″, e.g., 300 m from the outlet 22b.
The data is transmitted at a speed of /min. The firing time was 1 hour, and the maximum humidity during firing was 1150°C.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the long ceramic plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, and the waste heat of the firing furnace η can be used to dry the ceramic plate more efficiently. η, or the firing furnace may be installed in a separate direction, not in series with the traveling cutter 20, but via a direction changer (not shown). Furthermore, a glazing machine can also be provided before the firing furnace η.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the long ceramic plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, 1/3 of the water content of the clay extrusion molded product (short, long, continuous) containing about 22 to 15% water (weight ratio). The cracks are cracked by two-step heating: a microwave heating device that evaporates the remaining water content evenly including the inside of the extruded product and dries it without distortion, and a far-infrared heater device that can efficiently heat the remaining two-thirds of the water content to a higher temperature than microwaves. , there is no explosion, twisting, or warping, and the drying time can be shortened to 1/100 to 300 times of the previous one.
Since the process is then fired, it is possible to manufacture ceramic plates in a much shorter time than in the past. In addition, although the volume of the extruded product shrinks by more than 10% compared to when it is extruded, it has the characteristic that it can be fed to a traveling cutter without any adverse effect on the conveyance speed. Furthermore, the drying process and baking process can be carried out using a long body because of the structure that uses rollers. In addition, unlike conventional batch and tunnel dryers, the firing furnace can change the temperature and conveyance speed arbitrarily and in a short time, so the firing time can be shortened to 1/8 to 1/10.
The total production process is about 1150 to 1/40 compared to before.
It has the characteristic that it can be shortened to 0th place.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1+8) and ('b) are a schematic diagram of the construction of an embodiment of the long ceramic plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention and a sectional view thereof taken along the line E;
FIGS. 2(a) to 2(J) are explanatory diagrams showing a cross section of an extruded body, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a firing furnace. 1... Extrusion molding machine, ]... Microwave heating machine, Moonlight... Far infrared heater device, 20... Traveling cutter, η.
...Firing furnace. Figure 2 (α) To l (b,' /A (c) , A (dnmi==live=goshu〕=] Ce) fheto=之=tenigo=) Figure 1 (shi) To f M Roro-0 Rororororo D''.000 units. (-) 28 (me), to ('1)

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) An extrusion molding machine that continuously extrudes clay-based raw materials into a predetermined shape, and a continuous oven-type microwave heating machine that quickly reduces moisture in the extruded product sent out from the extrusion molding machine. , a far-infrared heater device that mainly aims to increase the temperature of the extrusion molded product that has passed through the microwave heating device, a traveling cutter that cuts the extrusion molded product in a continuous dry state that has passed through the heater device into a fixed length, and A long ceramic plate manufacturing device comprising a roller hearth kiln type firing furnace for firing cut regular length dry plates.