JPS6368070A - Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue - Google Patents

Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue

Info

Publication number
JPS6368070A
JPS6368070A JP21203586A JP21203586A JPS6368070A JP S6368070 A JPS6368070 A JP S6368070A JP 21203586 A JP21203586 A JP 21203586A JP 21203586 A JP21203586 A JP 21203586A JP S6368070 A JPS6368070 A JP S6368070A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
microalgae
extraction
extract
chlorophyll
extraction residue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP21203586A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takashi Nakao
崇 中尾
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KURORERA KOGYO KK
Chlorella Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
KURORERA KOGYO KK
Chlorella Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KURORERA KOGYO KK, Chlorella Industry Co Ltd filed Critical KURORERA KOGYO KK
Priority to JP21203586A priority Critical patent/JPS6368070A/en
Publication of JPS6368070A publication Critical patent/JPS6368070A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent decomposition or deterioration and obtain an extract of microalgae without greening and nontoxic green extraction residue having improved merchandise value, by extracting microalgae having chlorophyll in the presence of an alkali under specific condition. CONSTITUTION:Dried powder of microalgae of the genus, e.g. Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Dunaliella, Spirulina, etc., having chlorophyll is suspended in water to give 100-200g/l concentration and an alkali in a limited amount based on the microalgae, e.g. 0.3-2.5wt% in the case of NaOH, is added thereto to adjust the pH to 6.9-10.6. Thereby extraction is carried out at 40-150 deg.C for 10-60min.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明はクロレラ等の微細藻類から生理活性成分を抽
出し、かつ利用価値の高い抽出残査を得る方法に関する
ものである。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for extracting physiologically active components from microalgae such as chlorella and obtaining an extraction residue with high utility value.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

クロレラ、セネデスムス、ドナリエラ、スピルリナ等の
クロロフィルを有する微細藻類は生理活性を有している
ため、生理活性成分の抽出が行われている。これらの抽
出としては、一般的には中性の熱水による抽出が行われ
ている。この熱水抽出液は水溶性の有効成分が主体であ
り、その効果は既に各種の研究が行われているが、抽出
後の残金には未だクロロフィル等の脂溶性の有効成分が
相当に残っている。
Microalgae containing chlorophyll, such as chlorella, cenedesmus, Dunaliella, and spirulina, have physiological activity, so their physiologically active components are extracted. These extractions are generally performed using neutral hot water. This hot water extract mainly contains water-soluble active ingredients, and although various studies have already been conducted on its effectiveness, there are still significant amounts of fat-soluble active ingredients such as chlorophyll remaining in the residue after extraction. There is.

しかしながら、現在行われている中性域での熱水抽出で
は、クロロフィルが分解してフェオフィチンに変わるた
め、抽出残査は褐色を呈して、クロレラ等の微細藻類の
イメージから著しく遠ざがり、そのため抽出残査は有効
成分を有するにも拘わらず商品価値の低いものとなり、
通常は廃棄処分となることが多い。
However, in the currently practiced hot water extraction in a neutral region, chlorophyll decomposes and turns into pheophytin, resulting in the extraction residue taking on a brown color, which is significantly different from the image of microalgae such as chlorella. Although the extraction residue contains active ingredients, it has low commercial value.
Normally, it is often disposed of.

これを避けるために重炭酸ナトリウムを加えて煮沸する
と、緑色は保たれるが、この藻体を乾燥して動物に与え
ると死亡するものが多く、これは蛋白質がアルカリ性に
おいて加熱された時に変性を起し、これが動物に対して
有害な作用をもたらすことが知られ、水酸化ナトリウム
の場合についても同様のことが推定されている(武市芳
部著、[クロレラ−その基礎と応用」、(株)学習研究
社発行)。またアルカリ抽出ではクロロフィルがクロロ
フィリンとなって水溶化して、抽出液が緑色を呈するこ
と、また蛋白質が多量に抽出されること等が知られてい
る。
To avoid this, boiling with sodium bicarbonate maintains the green color, but if this algae is dried and fed to animals, many of them die, as the protein denatures when heated in alkaline conditions. It is known that this causes harmful effects on animals, and the same is presumed to be the case with sodium hydroxide (Yoshibe Takeichi, [Chlorella - Its Basics and Applications], ) Published by Gakushu Kenkyusha). It is also known that in alkaline extraction, chlorophyll becomes chlorophyllin and becomes water-soluble, giving the extract a green color, and that a large amount of protein is extracted.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

クロレラ等の微細藻類抽出液は近年その使用量が増加し
、また多目的に用いられており、中性の熱水抽出液の色
調や味、成分が一般的に消費者に固定化している。この
場合、抽出液としては緑色に着色しない方がよく、かつ
中性の熱水抽出液と組成の変わらない方がよいとともに
、抽出残査は緑色を保つ方がよい。しかるに中性の熱水
抽出では、残金は褐色化して商品価値を失い、またアル
カリ側の抽出では蛋白質が多量に抽出されるとともに、
クロロフィルが分解されて抽出液は緑色を呈し、かつ抽
出残査は毒性をもつようになるなどの問題点があった。
Microalgae extracts such as chlorella have been used in increasing amounts in recent years and are used for multiple purposes, and the color tone, taste, and ingredients of neutral hot water extracts are generally fixed to consumers. In this case, it is better for the extract not to be colored green, and it is better for the composition to remain the same as the neutral hot water extract, and it is better for the extraction residue to maintain its green color. However, with neutral hot water extraction, the remaining gold turns brown and loses its commercial value, and with alkaline extraction, a large amount of protein is extracted and
There were problems in that the chlorophyll was decomposed and the extract took on a green color, and the extraction residue became toxic.

この発明は上記問題点を解決するためのもので、クロロ
フィルの分解および蛋白質の抽出を防止して、着色しな
い抽出物を得るとともに、緑色を保って利用価値が高く
無害な抽出残査を得ることが可能な微細藻類抽出物およ
び抽出残査を得る方法を提案することを目的としている
This invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to prevent the decomposition of chlorophyll and the extraction of proteins, to obtain an extract that is not colored, and to obtain a harmless extraction residue that maintains its green color and has high utility value. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for obtaining microalgae extracts and extraction residues that can be used to extract microalgae.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

この発明は、クロロフィルを有する微細藻類を10〜2
00g#l(乾燥粉末として)となるように水に懸濁し
、微細藻類懸濁時のpHが6.9〜10.6となるよう
にアルカリを添加し、温度40〜150℃で10〜60
分間抽出を行い、微細藻類抽出物および抽出残査を得る
方法である。
This invention uses 10 to 2 microalgae containing chlorophyll.
00g #l (as dry powder), add alkali so that the pH at the time of microalgae suspension is 6.9-10.6, and add 10-60g at a temperature of 40-150℃.
This method performs extraction for minutes to obtain a microalgae extract and extraction residue.

強アルカリ条件で抽出を行うと、クロロフィルが分解す
るとともに、蛋白質が多量に抽出されるが、アルカリ濃
度が低い場合にはクロロフィルは安定であり、蛋白の抽
出量も少なくなる。このため本発明では微細藻類に対す
るアルカリの量を限定し、クロロフィルの分解を防止す
るとともに、蛋白質の抽出量を少なくするものである。
When extraction is performed under strong alkaline conditions, chlorophyll is decomposed and a large amount of protein is extracted, but when the alkaline concentration is low, chlorophyll is stable and the amount of protein extracted is small. Therefore, in the present invention, the amount of alkali applied to microalgae is limited to prevent the decomposition of chlorophyll and to reduce the amount of protein extracted.

 6一 本発明において微細藻類とはクロレラ、セネデスムス、
ドナリエラ、スピルリナ等のクロロフィルを有する嚇細
胞またはそれに近い藻類であり、天然に生息するものな
らびに培養されたものが含まれ、生のものでも乾燥した
ものでもよい。
61 In the present invention, microalgae include Chlorella, Scenedesmus,
Chlorophyll-containing algae or similar algae such as Dunaliella and Spirulina, including naturally occurring and cultured algae, and may be fresh or dried.

抽出方法は上記微細藻類を乾燥粉末として10〜200
g/fl、好ましくは20〜80g#lとなるように水
に懸濁し、微細藻類の懸濁時のpHが6.9〜10.6
、好ましくは7.0〜9.5となるようにアルカリを添
加し、40〜150℃、好ましくは80〜120℃で1
0〜60分間、好ましくは15〜30分間抽出を行う。
The extraction method is to use the above microalgae as a dry powder,
g/fl, preferably 20 to 80 g#l, and the pH when suspended is 6.9 to 10.6.
, preferably 7.0 to 9.5, and 1 at 40 to 150°C, preferably 80 to 120°C.
Extraction is carried out for 0-60 minutes, preferably 15-30 minutes.

アルカリとしては水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムな
どがあり、水酸化ナトリウムの場合、乾燥藻体に対する
添加割合は0.3〜2.5重量%、好ましくは0.6〜
1.3重証%である。抽出後遠心分離等により固液分離
および中和し、抽出液および抽出残査を得る。
Examples of the alkali include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. In the case of sodium hydroxide, the addition ratio to the dry algae is 0.3 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.6 to 2.5% by weight.
The rate is 1.3%. After extraction, solid-liquid separation and neutralization are performed by centrifugation or the like to obtain an extract and an extraction residue.

この抽出により得られる抽出液は、中性における熱水抽
出の場合と同様の黄色に着色した抽出液で、その組成も
糖、蛋白、核酸含量がやや多いが、=4− 中性の場合の抽出液と同様の組成比のものが得られる。
The extract obtained by this extraction is colored yellow, similar to the case of hot water extraction in neutral conditions, and its composition is slightly higher in sugar, protein, and nucleic acid content, but = 4 - in the case of neutral conditions. A product having the same composition ratio as the extract can be obtained.

この抽出液はそのままでも生理活性物質として利用でき
るが、従来のものと同様に精製、濃縮、乾燥等を行って
もよい。一方抽出残査は中性における熱水抽出の場合と
異なり、緑色を呈し、微細藻類固有の外観を保ち、毒性
も少ない。この残金は噴霧乾燥等により乾燥粉末とする
ことができる。
This extract can be used as it is as a physiologically active substance, but it may be purified, concentrated, dried, etc. in the same way as conventional extracts. On the other hand, unlike in the case of hot water extraction in neutral conditions, the extraction residue is green, maintains the appearance unique to microalgae, and is less toxic. This residue can be made into a dry powder by spray drying or the like.

通常の中性における熱水抽出では、藻体に含まれるクロ
ロフィルはフェオフィチンに変るため抽出残査が褐色を
呈し、またアルカリ抽出ではクロロフィルがクロロフィ
リンとなって水溶化するため抽出液が緑色に着色するが
、本発明では藻体に対して限定された量のアルカリを存
在させ、限定された条件で抽出することにより、クロロ
フィルを安定な状態に保ち、これにより抽出物の着色お
よび抽出残査の変色を防止することができる。
In normal hot water extraction under neutral conditions, the chlorophyll contained in the algae transforms into pheophytin, giving the extraction residue a brown color, while in alkaline extraction, the chlorophyll turns into chlorophyllin and becomes water-solubilized, giving the extract a green color. However, in the present invention, a limited amount of alkali is present in the algae and extraction is performed under limited conditions to keep the chlorophyll in a stable state, thereby preventing coloration of the extract and discoloration of the extraction residue. can be prevented.

藻体に対するアルカリの量が多いと、多量の蛋白質が抽
出されるとともに、クロロフィルおよび蛋白質が変色し
て有害な物質が生成するが、アルカリを上記範囲に限定
することにより、このような抽出および変質が防止され
、無害で好ましい組成および外観を有する抽出物および
抽出残査が得られる。
If the amount of alkali applied to the algae is large, a large amount of protein will be extracted, and the chlorophyll and proteins will discolor and produce harmful substances. However, by limiting the amount of alkali to the above range, such extraction and deterioration can be prevented. is prevented, resulting in extracts and extraction residues that are harmless and have a favorable composition and appearance.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明によれば、限定された量のアルカリの存在下で、
限定された条件で抽出を行うようにしたので、クロロフ
ィルおよび蛋白質の分解または変質を防止して、好まし
い組成を有しかつ緑色に着色しない抽出物を得るととも
に、無害で緑色を保ち優れた商品価値を有する抽出残査
を得ることができる。
According to the invention, in the presence of a limited amount of alkali,
Since the extraction is carried out under limited conditions, the decomposition or alteration of chlorophyll and proteins is prevented, and an extract with a favorable composition and no green coloring is obtained.It is also harmless, remains green, and has excellent commercial value. It is possible to obtain an extraction residue having .

(実施例) 以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below.

実施例1 常法により屋外培養したクロレラを100℃、3分間の
熱処理後噴霧乾燥した藻体を試料として用い、40g#
lの濃度で水に懸濁して、NaOHを0.0.2.0.
5゜1.0.3.0.10.OgIQになるように溶か
し、それぞれについて100℃、 15分間の抽出を行
った。その結果NaOH濃度0.2〜0.5g/Qでは
抽出液は黄色で、抽出残査は緑色を保持していたが、O
gIQで抽出残査が褐色になり、Ig/Q以上では抽出
液は緑色になった・ 第1図にAOAC法により測定した残金のクロロフィル
含量を示す。第1図から、NaOH濃度0.2〜0.5
g/Qが最も良く、1 g/f1以上ではクロロフィル
が水溶化して水中に抽出されてしまい、残香中のクロロ
フィルは減っていることがわかる。
Example 1 Chlorella was cultured outdoors in a conventional manner, heat-treated at 100°C for 3 minutes, and spray-dried algae was used as a sample.
NaOH, suspended in water at a concentration of 0.0.2.0.
5゜1.0.3.0.10. They were dissolved to obtain OgIQ, and each was extracted at 100°C for 15 minutes. As a result, at NaOH concentrations of 0.2 to 0.5 g/Q, the extract was yellow and the extraction residue remained green, but O
At gIQ, the extraction residue turned brown, and at Ig/Q or higher, the extract turned green. Figure 1 shows the chlorophyll content of the residue measured by the AOAC method. From Figure 1, NaOH concentration 0.2-0.5
It can be seen that g/Q is the best, and at 1 g/f1 or more, chlorophyll becomes water-solubilized and is extracted into water, reducing the amount of chlorophyll in the residual aroma.

第2図に上記各アルカリ濃度となるようにNaOHを水
に溶かした場合、これにクロレラを懸濁した直後、なら
びに熱水抽出液の各アルカリに対するPHを示す。クロ
レラを懸濁するだけでp)Iは下がり、熱水抽出すると
さらに下がることがわかる。
FIG. 2 shows the pH of NaOH immediately after suspending chlorella in water and the hot water extract relative to each alkali when NaOH is dissolved in water to have the above-mentioned alkali concentrations. It can be seen that just suspending chlorella lowers p)I, and extracting it with hot water lowers it further.

第3図に抽出液の紫外吸収スペクトルを示す。FIG. 3 shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the extract.

第3図から、3gIQ(懸濁時PH12,0)以上では
420nm。
From FIG. 3, it is 420 nm for 3gIQ (pH 12.0 when suspended) or higher.

640nmに極大吸収を持つクロロフィル誘導体が急激
に抽出されて、クロレラ抽出液として不適当となり1.
L g/Q以下では260nmに極大吸収を持つクロレ
ラ液特有の吸収パターンが得られていることがわかる。
Chlorophyll derivatives with maximum absorption at 640 nm are rapidly extracted, making them unsuitable as a chlorella extract.1.
It can be seen that an absorption pattern peculiar to chlorella liquid having maximum absorption at 260 nm is obtained below L g/Q.

第4図に各アルカリ濃度に対する抽出液中の糖。Figure 4 shows the sugar in the extract for each alkali concentration.

蛋白、核酸濃度を示す。第4図から、1 g/Qまでは
変化が少ないが、それ以上では急激に蛋白が抽出され、
抽出液□の組成が大きく変っていることがわかる。
Indicates protein and nucleic acid concentration. From Figure 4, there is little change up to 1 g/Q, but above that, protein is rapidly extracted.
It can be seen that the composition of the extract □ has changed significantly.

実施例2 別のクロレラ乾燥粉末について、藻体濃度およびNaO
H濃度を変えて、実施例1と同様に抽出を行った結果を
表1に示す。
Example 2 Algal body concentration and NaO
Table 1 shows the results of extraction performed in the same manner as in Example 1 while changing the H concentration.

表1の結果により、懸濁時のpHが6.9〜10.6の
場合が好ましく、pH7,0〜9.5の範囲が特に好ま
しいことがわかる。
The results in Table 1 show that the pH during suspension is preferably 6.9 to 10.6, and particularly preferably pH 7.0 to 9.5.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図ないし第4図はそれぞれ実施例の結果を示すグラ
フである。
1 to 4 are graphs showing the results of the examples, respectively.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)クロロフィルを有する微細藻類を10〜200g
/l(乾燥粉末として)となるように水に懸濁し、微細
藻類懸濁時のpHが6.9〜10.6となるようにアル
カリを添加し、温度40〜150℃で10〜60分間抽
出を行い、微細藻類抽出物および抽出残査を得る方法。
(1) 10-200g of microalgae containing chlorophyll
/l (as a dry powder) in water, add alkali so that the pH at the time of microalgae suspension is 6.9 to 10.6, and at a temperature of 40 to 150°C for 10 to 60 minutes. A method of performing extraction and obtaining a microalgae extract and extraction residue.
(2)微細藻類はクロレラ、セネデスムス、ドナリエラ
またはスピルリナである特許請求の範囲第1項記載の方
法。
(2) The method according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae is Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Dunaliella, or Spirulina.
JP21203586A 1986-09-09 1986-09-09 Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue Pending JPS6368070A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21203586A JPS6368070A (en) 1986-09-09 1986-09-09 Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21203586A JPS6368070A (en) 1986-09-09 1986-09-09 Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6368070A true JPS6368070A (en) 1988-03-26

Family

ID=16615788

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP21203586A Pending JPS6368070A (en) 1986-09-09 1986-09-09 Method for obtaining microalgae extract and extraction residue

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6368070A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006290776A (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-26 Natural Group Honsha:Kk Agent for adsorbing and removing toxic substance, and food and drink or fodder
CN102206221A (en) * 2011-04-14 2011-10-05 天津科技大学 Method for extracting chlorophyll from dunaliella by using inorganic alkali
CN102617431A (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 天津滨海索尔特生物技术中心有限公司 Method for extracting beta-carotene from dunaliella by inorganic base
JP2012249631A (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-12-20 Nikken Sohonsha Corp METHOD FOR PRODUCING β-CAROTENE-RICH DUNALIELLA POWDER
JP2016524922A (en) * 2013-07-25 2016-08-22 ロケット フレールRoquette Freres Method to optimize production efficiency, sensory characteristics, and stability over time of protein-enriched microalgal biomass

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006290776A (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-26 Natural Group Honsha:Kk Agent for adsorbing and removing toxic substance, and food and drink or fodder
CN102617431A (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 天津滨海索尔特生物技术中心有限公司 Method for extracting beta-carotene from dunaliella by inorganic base
CN102206221A (en) * 2011-04-14 2011-10-05 天津科技大学 Method for extracting chlorophyll from dunaliella by using inorganic alkali
JP2012249631A (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-12-20 Nikken Sohonsha Corp METHOD FOR PRODUCING β-CAROTENE-RICH DUNALIELLA POWDER
JP2016524922A (en) * 2013-07-25 2016-08-22 ロケット フレールRoquette Freres Method to optimize production efficiency, sensory characteristics, and stability over time of protein-enriched microalgal biomass

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