JPS6332760B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composting method for converting organic substances such as kitchen waste in municipal waste into compost.

Composting involves aerobic fermentation of organic matter by storing compost raw materials under appropriate aeration and stirring conditions. Therefore, composting equipment usually consists of a storage section equipped with aeration and stirring mechanisms. It is configured.

Composting raw materials have weak mechanical strength and tend to adhere to each other and form agglomerates. Other causes include the destruction of the shape and the production of sticky substances during fermentation. According to various literature, the moisture content of composting raw materials is
It needs to be about 40 to 65%, and another reason is that water is produced by decomposition of organic matter as fermentation progresses. For this reason, it is necessary to limit the layer thickness of the composting raw material, or to stir it intermittently.
Prevents agglomeration. However, a dead space for stirring occurs near the vessel wall due to the prevention of contact between the stirring device and the vessel wall, the manufacturing precision of the vessel wall stirring device, deformation and wear, etc. If composting materials enter there, they will stick together as mentioned above, and aeration will not be carried out, creating a hotbed for anaerobic fermentation. Also, if an aeration air outlet or suction port is installed on the wall of the container, that port is blocked. As a result, aeration tends to become uneven, resulting in areas lacking oxygen, and areas where the amount of heat released due to excessive ventilation increases, resulting in areas where the fermentation temperature cannot be maintained, which tends to impede good and uniform aerobic fermentation. It was hot.

In addition, pressure loss is large because air is ejected or sucked through such a layer with poor air permeability, and the power consumption of the fan or blower for this cannot be ignored in a composting device, resulting in an increase in operating costs.

The present invention forms an air permeable material layer in contact with a ventilation surface provided with ventilation holes, prevents the composting raw material from coming into direct contact with the ventilation surface, and uses a rotating plate type stirring device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting method that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method and ensures stable aeration through the aeration surface.

The present invention includes a large number of small ventilation holes in at least a part of the floor surface of a fermentation chamber, a deposited layer of composting raw materials is formed on the floor surface, and a scraper is provided around the horizontal axis for the deposited layer. In a composting method using aerobic composting fermentation in which a rotary scraper-type stirring mechanism is relatively moved to stir the deposited layer, an air permeable substance is applied to the floor surface before supplying the composting raw material. the air-permeable substance is deposited on the floor surface in a space below the rotary scraper type stirring mechanism by the stirring operation of the rotary scraper type stirring mechanism, and then Supplying a composting raw material onto the air permeable material on the floor surface, depositing it on the air permeable material, and supplying air from the ventilation holes to the deposited layer of the composting raw material through the air permeable material. This is a composting method characterized by fermentation.

The present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings based on examples.
Figures 1 to 4 show a multi-stage horizontal floor 3 having a compost drop hole 2 and a vertical cylindrical tank 1 to which the horizontal floor 3 is fixed.
and a central axis 8 which is a rotating horizontal axis on each horizontal floor 3.
This is an example of a composting device equipped with a scraper plate 7 that rotates around the center, and a main shaft 6 as a vertical rotating shaft that supports a central shaft 8 and rotates around the axis of the vertical cylindrical tank 1. A multi-stage horizontal floor 3 is fixed to the vertical cylindrical tank 1. A main shaft 6 as a vertical rotating shaft is supported on the vertical cylindrical tank 1 via upper and lower bearings 4, 4' and rotated by a drive device 5. On the upper surface of each horizontal floor 3, there is a central shaft 8 as a rotating horizontal shaft having horizontal axes A, R, ..., and scrapers 7 installed distributed along the longitudinal direction of this central shaft 8. A rotating stirring plate 9 consisting of constitutes a unit. A plurality of stirring units may be used radially in each stage.

Since the center shaft 8 is attached to the main shaft 6 with an eccentricity E as shown in FIG. 2, it is not strictly radial, but this is expressed as "substantially radial direction." The axis of the center shaft 8 of each stage is A in Fig. 2,
As shown in B, H...H, the phases are shifted in the plane projection, and they are arranged at equal pitches, and rotate in the direction of arrow A as the main shaft 6 rotates (counterclockwise).

Add compost to the horizontal bed 3 of each level.
A compost drop hole 2 is provided to allow the compost to fall. The phases of the compost falling holes 2 of each stage in the plane projection are shifted as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the compost falling holes 2 of the lower horizontal bed 3 are in phase with the compost falling of the horizontal bed 3 of the upper stage. If the direction of arrow A, which is the direction of movement of the stirring unit, is set in the positive direction compared to hole 2,
Deployed in advanced position. In this embodiment, since the pitch of the central shaft 8 and the pitch of the compost falling hole 2 are the same, each central shaft is located above each compost falling hole 2 at the same time as shown in FIG. 2 or 3.

The central shaft 8 is rotated in conjunction with a drive motor 14 for a rotary scraper via a drive shaft 13 and staggered gears 11 and 12 such as screw gears, hypoid gears, and worm gears. The drive shaft 13 has bearings 15, 15', 1
5'' concentrically supported on the main shaft 6.

16 is a raw material input port, 17 is a compost removal screw, and 18 is a ventilation hole 1 provided on the top surface of each horizontal bed 3.
This is a blower that supplies air through 9.

Details of one rotary scraper 9 and the horizontal floor 3 in its vicinity are shown in FIG. 20 is a composting raw material, 21 is a perforated plate, 22 is a supply air, 23 is an aeration chamber, and 24 is a layer filled with an air permeable material.

Normally, no stirring operation is performed, and the air supplied to the lower diffuser chamber 23 passes through the air permeable material packed layer 24 through the ventilation holes 19 of the perforated plate 21, disperses, and slowly passes from below the compost raw material layer. , carry out aeration.

When stirring, the main shaft 6 is rotated in the direction of arrow A by the main shaft drive device 5, and the central axis of the rotary scraper 9 is rotated in the direction of arrow B by the motor 14. The composting raw material 20 deposited on A is scraped off by the scraper plate 7 and is blown off along the trajectory shown by arrow D in FIG. It moves in the opposite direction, that is, in the direction of dotted arrow C, and is gradually deposited. The composting raw material 20 supplied from the raw material input port 16 in this way is transferred to the horizontal bed 3.
It goes around the top of the compost hole 2 and moves successively to the lower stage from the compost drop hole 2 along the path shown by the dotted arrow C, and is finally discharged out of the system by the compost removal screw 17.

Before adding the composting raw materials, this breathable material is added, and once this stirring movement is repeated for a certain amount of time and it is discharged from the composting device, the material is at a thickness that is less than the thickness at which it comes into contact with the stirring mechanism. This is convenient because it remains in a filled form in areas that are not stirred. For this reason, the composting raw material added later is completely stirred and moved without entering the stirring dead space.

As the breathable material for this purpose, it is possible to use materials that do not undergo biodegradation at all, such as coke granules or plastic granules, but composting raw materials 20
If mixed with compost, it becomes a foreign substance in the product compost, which may be inconvenient depending on the use of the compost, such as when using it for fertilizing fields or rice paddies. Other than in the case of municipal waste composting equipment, this may require post-sorting. There chaff, sawdust,
It is preferable to use straw cut into short pieces, bark (tree bark), etc. alone or in combination. They are non-fermentable organic substances that will eventually disappear through biodegradation, but it will take 4 months to 1 year before their shape breaks down.
Since it takes more than a year, there is no problem with mixing it into the compost. These can be replaced with new ones about once every four months to once a year, such as during regular inspection and repair of the composting equipment. The frequency of replacement can be further reduced by making it difficult.

In addition, in order to prevent the material from being mixed into the composting material and carried away, the filling material should be adhered using a weak adhesive (for example, vinyl acetate-based emulsion adhesive with a low concentration, a thin liquid of synthetic glue, etc.). It's also good to leave it there. Filling can be done by tightening them to a thickness thicker than the dead space and stirring and discharging the excess before they are completely adhered, or by spraying adhesive after filling and adhering. do. If an adhesive that is too strong comes into contact with the filling for some reason, it may apply excessive mechanical impact to the stirring unit and cause it to malfunction, so keep this in mind when selecting an adhesive. There is a need. Furthermore, by using an adhesive, it becomes possible to apply this method to inclined surfaces, curved surfaces, or the inner surface of a rotating cylinder that may peel off or fall due to gravity.

Furthermore, as an effect of this embodiment, even if the composting raw material is compacted due to accumulation or has an impermeable mass that is often seen especially when the moisture content is high, it can be scraped off with the tip of the scraper plate 7. The aerobic fermentation process is very good because the particles are finely granulated and the aerated surface area is significantly increased, and while the particles are being blown away, they are aerated by the upward air flow from the ventilation hole 19 and are slowly deposited. can be made to do so. Composting raw material 2
The scraping allowance of 0, that is, the particle size can be set to any size by appropriately selecting the rotational speed of the scraping plate center shaft 8 with respect to the rotational speed of the main shaft 6. Furthermore, since the composting raw material 20 is removed by the rotation of the scraping plate 7, the rotational resistance of the main shaft 6 becomes negligibly small, and the required power is greatly reduced compared to the conventional rake system. It is possible.

When a plow or the like is used as a stirring device, a force is generated in a direction transverse to the direction of movement, which causes the material in the breathable material layer to be displaced laterally and removed over a long period of time, resulting in the material layer becoming thinner. However, if the rotary plate type is used as in this embodiment, even if the breathable material is displaced, it will be shifted forward, so it will only be moved one after another and will be stored without being removed.

Although the above-mentioned embodiment has been described in the case of a multi-level horizontal floor, it is of course applicable to the case of a single-level horizontal floor, and the same effect can be obtained.

Further, the ventilation surface may be provided not only on the horizontal floor but also on the wall surface. Moreover, it may be provided on the ceiling surface if necessary.

The above embodiment makes it possible to eliminate dead space in the composting equipment as described above, thereby eliminating a hotbed for anaerobic fermentation, preventing a decrease in aerobic bacterial activity caused by anaerobic bacteria, and ensuring smooth aerobic fermentation. Leads to activation of fermentation. In addition, aerobic fermentation is uniformly promoted because the aerated air is dispersed and stably applied to the composting raw material. These factors result in compost that matures well in a short period of time. Therefore, the quality of product compost can be improved using the same device.

To implement this method, all you need to do is to add a breathable material before adding the composting materials, drain out the excess material, and then apply an adhesive if you want to complete the process. It doesn't cost anything. The amount of filling needed for the dead space is sufficient. Therefore, it is easy to improve conventional devices with this method.

Furthermore, since the aerated air is injected or sucked into the composting raw material in a dispersed state, the pressure loss there is extremely small, and at most only a few tens of millimeters of Ag. This greatly reduces the power required for the fan or blower, reducing the operating costs of the composting device. As described above, the present method is easy to implement, provides a wide range of effects, and particularly contributes to improving the quality of product compost. Therefore, it is a great contribution to composting technology.

The present invention is applicable not only to the above-mentioned embodiments, but also to a rotating cylindrical shaft combination type [Fig. 5 a], a fixed vertical axis rotating multi-stage type [Fig. 5 b], a fixed horizontal axis rotating type [Fig. 5 c], Moving vertical axis rotation type [Figure 5 d], moving horizontal axis rotation type [Figure 5
The present invention can also be applied to composting apparatuses having other stirring mechanisms, such as a moving rotating basket type [Figure 5 f], a moving shovel stirring type [Figure 5 g], etc.

The present invention prevents the ventilation holes from being blocked,
Aeration can be made uniform, good fermentation can be carried out, and pressure loss can be reduced. Air permeable substances are stored without being expelled to the side, power is saved, and the air permeable substance layer is It is possible to provide a composting method that is extremely easy to apply to a predetermined thickness, and has extremely great practical effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the cross-section taken along the line B, FIG. 3 is a developed cross-sectional view on a circle in FIG. 2, and FIG. The operation explanatory diagrams, FIGS. 5a to 5g, are perspective views showing examples of models to which the present invention is applied. 1... Vertical cylindrical tank, 2... Compost drop hole, 3...
Horizontal floor, 4, 4'... Bearing, 5... Drive device, 6
... Main shaft, 7 ... Scratch plate, 8 ... Central shaft, 9 ... Rotating scraper plate, 10, 10' ... Bearing, 11, 12 ...
Staggered gear, 13... Drive shaft, 14... Drive motor, 15, 15', 15''... Bearing, 16... Raw material inlet, 17... Compost take-out screw, 18...
... Blower, 19 ... Ventilation hole, 20 ... Composting raw material, 21 ... Perforated plate, 22 ... Supply air, 23 ...
... Diffusion chamber, 24... Air permeable material packed layer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rotary rotary system comprising a large number of small holes for ventilation in at least a part of the floor surface of the fermentation chamber, a deposited layer is formed on the floor surface of the composting material, and a scraper is provided around the horizontal axis for the deposited layer. In a composting method by aerobic composting fermentation in which the piled layer is stirred by relatively moving a scraper-type stirring mechanism, an air permeable substance is supplied to the floor surface before supplying the composting raw material. , the permeable substance is deposited on the floor surface in a space below the rotary scraper type stirring mechanism by the stirring operation of the rotary scraper type stirring mechanism; A composting raw material is supplied onto the above-mentioned air-permeable material and deposited on the air-permeable material, and air is supplied from the ventilation holes to the deposited layer of the composting material through the air-permeable material to perform fermentation. A composting method characterized by: