JPS6328641B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for distilling a liquid, and particularly to a method for distilling a liquid in a non-boiling state using solar heat.

Traditionally, liquid distillation has been carried out for the purpose of refining, separating, and recovering the liquid.The liquid is heated to boiling point using fossil energy such as oil or coal or electrical energy, and then cooled and liquefied using a condenser. Distillation was taking place.

However, with this method, it is not possible to carry out the
In the case of small-scale distillation, in addition to the high distillation cost, there are problems in that the purity of the distillate decreases due to the contamination of droplets due to boiling of the liquid, and because distillation is performed by heating and boiling. However, there is a problem in that it is necessary to constantly monitor the workers, and maximum attention must be paid to their safety.

Therefore, in many laboratories, even though they know that organic solvents can be recycled through distillation, they still incinerate them due to the hassle, resulting in wasted resources.

Furthermore, when harmful gases are generated as a result of combustion, there is also the problem that corrosion occurs in incinerators, cleaning towers, and the like.

In view of these circumstances, the present invention automatically and safely evaporates liquid in a non-boiling state using solar heat, and then cools it to liquefy it.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-boiling distillation method using solar heat, which allows distillation to be carried out at low cost.

For this reason, the non-boiling distillation method using solar heat of the present invention continuously introduces the liquid to be distilled into a solar collector serving as an evaporator, evaporates the liquid using solar heat, and In a method in which the generated liquid vapor is further guided to a condenser and condensed, the solar collector and the condenser are connected through a common sealed space, and the liquid vapor is introduced into the same sealed space. By enclosing a gas that does not react with the liquid, and then setting the pressure of the gas so that the temperature obtained in the solar collector is below the boiling point of the liquid, non-boiling evaporation is performed in the solar collector. In addition, the vapor of the liquid generated by this non-boiling evaporation is led to the condenser through the closed space and condensed.

Below, a non-boiling distillation method using solar heat as an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus used when distilling water according to the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus used when distilling chloroform according to the above method, and FIG. The figure is a graph showing changes in various amounts over time during an experiment in which water was distilled using the above method, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in various amounts over time in an experiment in which chloroform was distilled using the above method.

First, to explain the apparatus used for distillation according to the method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a solar collector 1 is installed at a predetermined angle to efficiently receive solar heat. A plurality of conduits 2 are arranged inside the solar collector 1 so as to have a wide heat collecting surface, and the ends of these conduits 2 converge at the outlet and inlet of the solar collector 1 .

A supply pipe 3 is connected to the lower inlet of the solar collector 1, and the other end of the supply pipe 3 is immersed in the raw material water 5 to be distilled in the raw material liquid supply container 4. Raw water 5 is continuously supplied to the conduit 2 in the solar collector 1 in a siphon type using energy.

On the other hand, one end of a communication pipe 6 is connected to an upper outlet (steam outlet) of the solar collector 1, and a valve 7 is attached to the other end of the communication pipe 6.

The communication pipe 6 is connected via a pipe joint 9 to the upper end of an air-cooled condenser 8 which is located below the outlet of the solar collector 1 and held substantially vertically. A valve 10 is attached to the capacitor 9, and a valve 11 is attached to the upper end of the capacitor 8.

Further, in order to continuously take out the distilled water 12 condensed in the condenser 8, the lower end of a sampling pipe 13 connected to the lower part of the condenser 8 is inserted into the distilled water 12 in the distilled liquid receiver 14.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to improve the distillation efficiency by employing a reduced pressure distillation method, the water surface positions of the raw material liquid supply container 4 and the distilled liquid receiver 14 are set by a predetermined amount from the water surface positions of the solar collector 1 and the condenser 8. It is made to be lower only.

To distill water according to the method of the present invention using the above-mentioned apparatus, first, the supply pipe 3, the conduit 2, and the communication pipe 6 are filled with raw water 5, the valve 7 is closed, and the collection pipe 13 and the condenser 8 are closed. and is filled with distilled water 12 prepared in advance, and the valve 11 is closed.

After the communication pipe 6 and the upper end of the condenser 8 are airtightly connected by the pipe joint 9 serving as a sealed space, the valves 7 and 11 are closed while the valve 10 attached to the pipe joint 9 is closed. It is opened to connect the solar collector 1 and the capacitor 8.

Next, a required amount of air as a gas that does not react with steam is sent into the pipe joint 9 as a sealed space through the valve 10 to form an air layer 15, and the valve 10 is closed.

At this time, as described above, there is a height difference between the water surface of the raw material liquid supply container 4 and the distilled liquid receiver 14 and the water surface of the solar collector 1 and the condenser 8. Solar collector 1 by operation
A common air layer 15 interposed between the upper part of the capacitor 8 and the upper part of the condenser 8 becomes a depressurized space having the required negative pressure.

Next, when sunlight 16 is applied to the heat collecting surface of the solar collector 1, the steam of the raw water 5 generated by non-boiling evaporation in the solar collector 1 that receives the sunlight 16 is transferred to the air layer 15. The water is led to the condenser 8 through the water pipe, where it is condensed, and then stored in the distilled water receiver 14 through the collection pipe 13.

In other words, in the method of the invention, the solar collector 1
The pressure of the enclosed air is set so that the temperature obtained is below the boiling point of the liquid to be distilled, and as a result, non-boiling evaporation is properly performed in the solar collector 1. .

By the method described above, the solar collector 1 receives sunlight 1
When water vapor is generated in the solar collector 1 due to the solar heat generated by the solar collector 6, the pressure in the air layer 15 increases, the water level in the condenser 8 falls, and at the same time, the water level in the solar collector 1 decreases. will also start to decline.

However, in this case, the water level does not fall indefinitely, but the water level in the solar collector 1 falls, suppressing the generation of water vapor in the solar collector 1, and the generation of water vapor in the condenser 8. As liquefaction (condensation) occurs, both water surfaces come to be in equilibrium.

In other words, water vapor generation and cooling liquefaction proceed in a self-produced manner. Therefore, as long as the solar radiation 16 hits the solar collector 1 and solar heat is absorbed, Evaporation of the raw water 5 continues in the solar collector 1, and the raw water 5 is supplied to the solar collector 1 from the supply container 4 to the supply pipe 3.
while being continuously supplied through capacitor 8
Inside, the evaporated water vapor is introduced through an air layer 15, is continuously liquefied, and then taken out into a distillate receiver 14.

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the distillation operation can be carried out continuously, automatically, and unattended, and this distillation operation involves heating and boiling the raw water 5. From a place that is not
There is no splashing of the raw water 5, and the purity of the distilled water is increased, which is extremely advantageous in terms of safety.

Next, an experiment in which water was distilled using the method of the present invention will be explained. In this experiment, a commercially available water heater (trade name: "Solar Mate Panel SMP-
2003D") was used, and the capacitor 8 had a diameter of 10 cm. In addition, the water surface inside the condenser 8 when not receiving solar heat is at the top (L = 100 cm), and the water surface is at the top of the distillate receiver 1.
The height of the water column (h) to the water surface in No. 4 was 710 cm, and the mercury column was approximately 52 cm.

The pressure in the space above the solar collector 1 and the condenser 8 was about 324 cm in water column and about 24 cm in mercury column.

The experimental results shown in Figure 3 are the internal pressure a (ΔP) of the condenser 8, the outlet temperature b of the solar collector 1, and the condenser 8 internal pressure a (ΔP) obtained by performing the distillation operation from before 9 a.m. to after 4 p.m. The figure shows the changes in the top temperature c of the solar collector 1, the inlet temperature d of the solar collector 1, and the atmospheric temperature e, respectively. From the same figure, the outlet temperature b of the solar collector 1 and the top temperature c of the condenser 8 are almost the same. It is clear that the temperature (approximately 60°C) remains almost constant.

In addition, the pressure change a (ΔP) inside the capacitor 8 is also
It is not so large during the day, indicating that distillation is proceeding in an almost equilibrium state.

Furthermore, from this experiment, it was found that with a distillation device using this solar collector 1, which has a heat collecting area of about 2 square meters, it is possible to collect about 1.8 g of non-boiling distilled water on a sunny day in December. confirmed.

When distilling easily volatile liquids such as chloroform by the method of the present invention, an apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 is used since sufficient distillation efficiency can be obtained even at normal pressure. In this device, the container 4 and the receiver 14 are placed higher than the solar collector 1 and the condenser 8, and the air is provided between the upper part of the solar collector 1 and the upper part of the condenser 8. layer 1
5 is constructed so that substantially normal pressure acts on it.

In this case as well, the distillation is carried out in the same manner as in the case of water distillation described above, and the same actions and effects can be obtained.

In the case of distilling chloroform, it is also possible to perform vacuum distillation using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. In that case, the condenser 8 may be replaced with a cooling jacket or other large-capacity one to increase the distillation efficiency. It is also possible to increase the

To explain the results of an experiment (see Figure 4) in which chloroform was distilled using the method described above, in this experiment, in Figure 2, l = 200 cm,
L=100cm and h=50cm, and almost the same results as in FIG. 3 were obtained. And on a sunny day in January, about 7
It was confirmed that /day of distilled chloroform could be obtained.

In the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 used in the method of the present invention, the position of the valve 7 may be set near the connection between the conduit 2 and the supply pipe 3, thereby preventing the steam from passing through the valve 7. can do.

Further, the valve 11 can also be provided at the bottom of the condenser 8 or at the collection tube 13 to prevent steam from passing through the valve 11.

As described in detail above, according to the non-boiling distillation method utilizing solar heat of the present invention, a solar collector through which a liquid to be continuously distilled is guided is connected to the solar collector through a sealed space. A suitable amount of gas is sealed in the sealed space, and the pressure of the gas is set so that the temperature obtained by the solar collector is below the boiling point of the liquid. It has become possible to perform non-boiling distillation of liquids by using it, resulting in highly pure distilled liquids, significantly reducing distillation costs, and further improving work safety. Since the distillation is carried out automatically and continuously, there is also the advantage of labor saving.

In addition, the method of the present invention has the advantage that if the heating temperature rises and the temperature reaches a boiling state, the non-boiling state can be restored when the product is used for home production.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus used for distilling water by the solar heat-based non-boiling distillation method of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus used for distilling chloroform by the above method. Figure 3 is a graph showing changes over time in various quantities during an experiment in which water was distilled using the above method, and Figure 4 is a graph showing changes over time in various quantities during an experiment in which chloroform was distilled using the above method. This is a graph showing. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Solar collector, 2... Conduit, 3... Supply pipe, 4... Raw material liquid supply container, 5... Raw material water, 6...
...Communication pipe, 7...Valve, 8...Condenser, 9
... Pipe joint, 10, 11 ... Valve, 12 ... Distilled water, 13 ... Collection tube, 14 ... Distilled liquid receiver, 1
5... Air layer, 16... Sunlight, 17... Waste chloroform, 18... Distilled chloroform, a...
Pressure change in the condenser, b... Outlet temperature of the solar collector, c... Upper temperature of the condenser, d... Inlet temperature of the solar collector, e... Outside air temperature.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The liquid to be continuously distilled is introduced into a solar collector as an evaporation device, and the liquid is evaporated by solar heat, and the vapor of the liquid generated by the evaporation is further introduced into a condenser and condensed. In the method, the solar collector and the condenser are connected through a common sealed space, and a gas that does not react with the vapor of the liquid is filled in the sealed space, and then the solar collector and the condenser are connected through a common sealed space. By setting the pressure of the gas so that the temperature obtained in the heating device is below the boiling point of the liquid, non-boiling evaporation is performed in the solar collector, and the liquid produced by this non-boiling evaporation is A non-boiling distillation method using solar heat, characterized in that the vapor of the liquid is introduced into the condenser through the closed space and condensed.