JPS63238668A - Mean decision apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an average value determination device, more specifically, to the measurement of independent variables measured by means of an integral measuring device and replaced by ratios of each other in a divider. relates to an average value determining device for determining the average value of measured values of a dependent variable.

(The prior art and the problem to be solved by the invention) Such a device is designed to reduce the consumption of operating means depending on the output of the production facility, for example, or the average speed as the quotient of the length of the diameter and the elapsed time. This is becoming increasingly necessary in measurement techniques when the mean value as the quotient of the dependent variable and the independent variable is important. In such cases, when it is necessary to find a third relevant value from two measured values by quotient formation, it is desirable to obtain sufficient precision and therefore usable average results quickly in the case of small values of the independent variable. In order to be able to do this, it is necessary to obtain as high a measurement sensitivity as possible. On the other hand, analog processing circuits accumulate over large independent variables to such large measured values that they can be controlled from the non-linear characteristic curve range to saturation, and on the other hand, because the digital calculations take too much time, for example , digital information processing reaches values so large that they cannot be adequately handled by simple technical circuit means. This is the case, for example, if the average driving means usage needs to be observed or recorded over the total life of a machine (eg a car).

Recognizing this state of affairs, the basic objective of the present invention is to provide highly accurate average value results after very short time intervals for the independent variables, and, despite the high precision required for this, to does not result in information loss due to saturation phenomena or numerical rounding errors, even after large time intervals of The object of the present invention is to provide an average value determination device of the type mentioned at the outset, which allows to obtain the average value.

(Means, operations and effects for solving the problem) According to the present invention, the object is to set the nj constant to the initial state after each measuring device in the average value determining device of the type mentioned at the beginning. A cumulative storage device is connected which periodically accepts measured values by resetting, and each cumulative storage device is provided with a reduction stage which, if one storage device overflows, will cause the overflow to occur. Instead of the n1 constant result of , the accumulated measurement result is reduced by one factor by the response of the reduced instrument to the corresponding accumulation store, in which case the reduction in the reduction stage by the overflow of the respective storage This is achieved by increasing the rate.

Therefore, this measure will represent, to some extent, the sensitivity of surface formation reduced quasi-continuously with increasing increments of the independent variable. By doing this, if one variable increases beyond the circuit-technically defined limit value, the accumulated dividend and accumulated divisor for the formation of the quotient will still obtain a constant value of ΔH. The average value present as a quotient does not suffer in its accuracy if it is reduced by a common factor used as a divisor for. Dividing the actual measured value by this ratio simply requires considering the integer part of the quotient of the 1lFJ constant, and the fraction left over by the division is returned to the factor ΔIll constant and is wasted in obtaining the measured value. By preventing rounding errors from occurring, rounding errors can be avoided and do not pose an obstacle to the realization of digital circuits.

In the case of digital circuit configurations, the division of the actual measured value is purposefully carried out by a digital divider, which is supplied with the divisor from the counter, so that rounding errors do not affect the actual measured value. It will not affect you. In contrast, variables stored in binary code can be easily modified by shifting the contents of the shift register, since the divisor that reduces the actual stored Δ-J constant is freely selectable. Divided for purpose.

If determining the exact mean value is less important than the effect of newer measurements on older measurements, the divisor for the actual measurements is simply made slightly larger than the divisor for the accumulated variables. Just that is enough. Since no register overflow can occur when the division of the accumulated variable is performed by shifting the register position of the binary encoded information, if no divisor to the actual measurement value is involved, The device according to the invention can be used practically with unlimited time of independent variables.

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples shown in the drawings.

The block diagram in FIG.
．． 13. Dependency and independence measurements according to the aforementioned concept of variables detected by 12.1. .

12.2.

Integral measuring device 14.1 connected to each output side of sensor 13
, 14.2 are each shown as an operational amplifier 15 with a capacitive negative feedback circuit 16 after the input resistor 17. In order to make the block diagram easier to read, the information receiving or transmitting scan and hold circuits that are decoupled on the input or output side are not shown.

Once initialized by the control circuit 18, after a certain measuring period the actual measured value 19.1 or 19.2 is ascertained at the output terminal of the n1 regulator 14.1 or 14.2 and in principle In the cumulative storage device 21.1 or 21.2, which can have the same structure as the measuring instrument, the switch 206
1 or 20,2. By returning the measuring device 14 to its initial measurement state, the 8-1 constant value 19 is erased, but this is due to the operational amplifier 1 in the figure.
5 by the discharge switch 22 for the capacitive negative feedback circuit 16. If, after transmitting the actual apj constant value 19, feedback of the measuring device 14 in the initial state of operation occurs very frequently, the operational amplifier 15 will not be controlled to saturation and therefore the measuring device 14 will not be overcontrolled by the measured value 12. guaranteed. If the measured value 12 fluctuates significantly or is in an unknown condition, the measured value 19 in one channel 11 may reach the overcontrol limit, as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. The limit value annunciator 23,1 or 23.2, which activates the control circuit 18 and the feedback circuit of the measuring device 14 in its initial functional state via the OR circuit 24, is connected to the respective outputs of the measuring devices 14.1 and 14.2. It is preferable to configure it so that it is connected to a terminal.

A divider 25 is connected to the output of the accumulation storage devices 21.1 and 21.2. This divider 25 delivers the actual mean value 26 of the cumulative measurement result 27.1 for the dependent variable with respect to the cumulative ΔIIJ constant result 27.2 of the independent variable in the form of a quotient. This output indicates that the actual measurement result 27 entered into the divider 25 represents the respective settlement value after acceptance of the nearest measurement value, and therefore the loading measurement value 19 newly supplied to the measuring device 14. It is quasi-continuous insofar as it has not already been considered. This degree of discontinuity can be adjusted by the control circuit 18 and thus by the repetition rate of acceptance of the actual measured values 19 in the cumulative storage 21 .

Further, the capacity of the accumulation storage device 21 is not unlimited. Therefore, if the limit value annunciator 28.1 or 28.2 is activated, the storage device 21 as well as the measuring device 14 are returned to the initial state and then the respective actual accumulated measurement result 27, 1 or 27 , 2 is the switch 29.1 or 2
9.2 through the corresponding reduction stage 30. Or transmitted to 30,2. In this reduction stage, the respective measurement result 27 is reduced to a fraction of the actual value and stored in the respective storage 21 as a luminescent result 27.1/27.2, which is subsequently processed by the divider 25. Set to reduced measurement value. This reduction operation is the first
In the principle block diagram shown in the figure, resistance (proportional) circuit 3
Illustrated by an operational amplifier 151 with 2.

This operational amplifier 15 is always further reduced by one step when one DJ fixed result limit value annunciator 28 drives the measurement result reduction control circuit 34 via the OR input terminal 33.

Despite this reduction in the accumulated measurement result 27, the relationship regarding the input values of the storage device 21 and therefore the measurement value 1
9, a corresponding reduction stage 35.9 is placed at the output of each measuring device 14.1, 14.2.
1 and 35.2 are connected. Both channel 1
Since the same measurement reduction is performed in each of 1.1 and 11.2, the average value 26 obtained from the divider 25
There is no impact on

Only a portion of each 4Pj constant value 19 is transmitted via the reduction stage 35 to the corresponding accumulation storage 21, as indicated in FIG. is possible in principle. This respective remaining surplus measurement value 37,1 and 3762 is returned to the associated measuring device 14.1 and 14.2 and is taken into account in the next cycle of measurement value transmission and is therefore not wasted in the determination of the average value 26. No. This means, for example, all
This has the advantage that it is not necessary to operate the meter 14 from a zero value, and therefore non-linear ranges of the measurement characteristic curve can be avoided.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the circuit technology implementation of the device according to the invention is simplified by being implemented in digital circuit technology. Since the circuits shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are identical to each other with respect to the determination of the average value, the same reference numerals have been chosen wherever possible, and a detailed description thereof will therefore be omitted with respect to FIG.

The sensor 13 supplies pulses as measured values 12, which are added (calculated) in a measuring device 14 configured as a multi-digit binary counter.

The reduction stage 30 may be a shift register and therefore a binary storage device. This reduction stage 30 performs multiplication by 2 or division by 2 by shifting the stored contents to the highest or lowest value position ("to the left" or "by 1 to the right in normal circuit representation)". It can be done easily.

Since the binary coded initial state is limited, at the start of operation the control circuit 18 sets the measuring device 14 to the calculation initial position "0" via the reset input terminal 38 and transmits the divisor to the reduction stage 35. 45 shift register to “1”
Set to value. On the other hand, the control circuit 18 controls the shift register of the reduction stage 30 via the three set input terminals of the stem.
In the case of dividend reduction stage 30.1, adjust to the initial value “0”,
In the case of the divisor reduction stage 30.2, it is adjusted to the initial value "1", so that the output terminal of the divider 25 receives the initial average value 26'O'
occurs.

When transmitting the measured value 19 to the accumulation storage 21 , a digital division by the actual number as a divisor supplied from the data output of the shift register transmitter 45 takes place in the reduction stage 35 . A modulo stage 41 (which is identical in function to the divider stage 36 of FIG. 1) stores only the integer part of the quotient, rather than the complete division result, in an accumulator 21 (represented in the drawing as a digital adder). ).

On the other hand, the remaining division remainder part as the remainder measurement value 37 is now returned to the data input terminal of the coefficient fllll determiner 14 as a numerical initial state (therefore, the division remainder part is returned to the data input terminal of the coefficient fllll determiner 14 as a number initial state (therefore, the division remainder part is returned to the data input terminal of the coefficient fllll determiner 14) rounding errors from digital division are always excluded from the calculation in storage 21).

In the digital cumulative storage device 21 (adder), if overflow information occurs at the carry-up output terminal 42, the control circuit 34 outputs the OR input so that the measured value 19 supplied for reprocessing sends out the reduction information 43. It is driven via terminal 33. When implementing the shift register of the reduction stage 30, this means driving its shift input terminal 44, so that the contents of the shift register are shifted one place to the right (elimination of the lowest value position). This corresponds to multiplying the contents of the register by 1/2. At the same time, the register contents of the divisor transmitter 45 for the reduction stage 35 are shifted one place to the left so that the low value location reaches the location of the adjacent high value location. This corresponds to an increase by the same constant as for the other shift registers, and thus to a doubling of the divisor for the reduction stage 35. In order to eliminate overflows in the cumulative store 21, in the event of an overflow, the content of the cumulative store is always exceeded by a reduced value 31, and then the measured value 19 is taken into account with a slight reduction.

If the capacity of the divisor transmitter 45 is used up due to shift register overflow, a normal operating limit is reached. However, even if this limit value is exceeded, the shift register of the reduction stage 30 is advanced further in the case of a carry-up command from one accumulation storage 21;
By continuing to maintain the maximum shift register contents (controlled by the carry output terminal 46 of the divisor transmitter 45 and the logic element 45), operation can continue in an approximate manner of determining the mean value.

Therefore, the final quotient of the average value 26 is then is simply an approximation result, in which the newer data of the measurement value generation point 19 is stronger than the older data, and an increase in weight is performed.

This is, of course, the same even when realized using the analog circuit technology shown in FIG.

For clarity, FIG. 2 simply uses three independent digital dividers (
35, 1, 35, 2, 25) L or not shown. Since the measured values 19 are transmitted only at separate points in time, the newly equipped accumulator 21 . Only a few digital dividers connected to the outputs of 1, 21.2 can be provided and controlled by the circuit 18 or 34. Furthermore, the digital circuit configuration shown in FIG. 2 can also be implemented within the scope of the invention by separately connecting the individual components of digital circuit technology or by controlling the BPI constant value processing by a program in a storage device. or by means of a microprocessor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block wiring diagram showing one embodiment of the device of the invention using analog signal processing circuit technology, and FIG. 2 is a block wiring diagram showing another embodiment of the device of the invention using digital signal processing circuit technology. . 12.1... Dependent variable measurement value, 12.2... Independent variable measurement value, 14.1, 14.2... Integral measuring instrument, 19
, 1. 19. 2... Measured value, 21. 1°21
．． 2... Cumulative storage device, 25... Dividend, 27.1
．． 27.2... Cumulative measurement results, 30. 1°30.2
...reduction stage, 31. 1. 31.2... Reduction measuring device, 35. 1. 35. 2... Reduction stage, 37.
1゜37.2...Division remainder measurement value, 40...Divisor,
41, 1.41.2... Modulo stage, 42... Carry output terminal. (Procedural amendment banding type) April 1983) - 7th 1, Display of the case 1988 Patent application No. 207373 2, Title of the invention Average value determination device 3, Person making the amendment Relationship with the case Patent applicant Volf, Instruments, Gesellschaft, Mituto,
Beschretzktel, Hafrang 4, Agent (Postal Code 100) March 2, 1986

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Integral type measuring device (14.1 or 14.2)
In the mean value determination device, the mean value of the dependent variable measurements (12.1) is determined by the independent variable measurements (12.2), which are ascertained by and replaced with ratios to each other in the divider (25), respectively. after the measuring device (14.1, 14.2), periodically accepting the measured value (19.1 or 19.2) by resetting the measuring device (14.1, 14.2) to the initial state. Cumulative storage device (21
．． 1, 21.2) are connected, and a reduction stage (30.1 or 30
．． 2) is provided, this reduction stage means that if one storage device overflows, the corresponding cumulative storage device (21. 1 or 21.2) by the reduced measuring instrument (31.1 or 31.2)
Reduce the accumulated measurement result (27.1 or 27.2) by one factor, in which case the reduction stage (30.1 and 30.2)
An average value determination device characterized in that a reduction rate in is increased. 2. Respective cumulative storage (21.1 or 21.2
) is provided with one reduction stage (35.1 or 35.2) in each case for the measured values (19.1 and 19.2).
Mean value determining device described in Section 1. 3. Reduction stage (3) for measured values (19.1, 19.2)
5.1, 35.2) are the cumulative measurement results (27.1, 27
．． 3. Mean value determination device according to claim 2, characterized in that it operates with a divisor which is increased upon overflow of the storage device, similar to the reduction stage (30.1, 30.2) for step 2). 4. Only a portion of the measurement value (19.1 or 19.2) is transmitted to the cumulative storage (21.1, 21.2) by resetting the measuring device (14.1 and 14.2) respectively; The measured value of the remainder is set as the initial value by the corresponding measuring device (14.1 or 14.
2), claim 1
The average value determining device according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. Settable incremental counters as measuring instruments (12.1 and 12.2) and cumulative storage (21.
1 and 21.2) and the accumulated and binary-coded measurement results ( 27.1 or 27.2) with a stepwise shiftable shift register as a reduction stage (30.1, 30.2) connected after the accumulation storage (21.1 or 21.2). An average value determining device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device comprises: 6. Divisor transmitter (45) connectable in stages from the carrying output terminal (42) of the storage device (21.1, 21.2)
Shift register as , transmits the integer division result to the subsequent accumulation storage (21.1 or 21.2) and divides the surplus measurement value (37.1 or 37.2) as the new coefficient initial state. with a corresponding measuring device (14.1 or 14.
2) with a respective modulo stage (41.1 or 41.2) for transmission to the measured value (19
．． 1 and 19.2) for each reduction stage (35
．． 1 or 35.2). Mean value determining device according to claim 5 and any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a digital divider as 1 or 35.2). 7. Reduction stage (35.1 or 35.2) for accumulated measurement results (27.1 and 27.2)
and a single digital divider as divider (25), which in multiple operation divides the measured values (19.1 and 19.2) and their common divisor (
40), and the accumulated measurement results (27.1 and 2
7.2) Mean value determining device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is operated according to 7.2).