JPH077390B2 - Average value determination device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a mean value determination device, and more specifically, to independent variable measurement values which are grasped by an integral measuring device and are replaced by ratios in a divider. By means of an average value determination device for determining the average value of the dependent variable measurements.

(Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention) Such a device has a problem that, for example, the consumption of operating means depending on the production output of the manufacturing equipment, or the average speed as a quotient of the length of diameter and the elapsed time. Moreover, when the mean value of the quotient of the dependent variable and the independent variable is important, there is an increasing need in measurement technology. In such cases, when it is necessary to find a third relevant value from the two measurements by forming the quotient, sufficient accuracy for small values of the independent variable, and thus the available mean value result, is obtained quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a measurement sensitivity as high as possible. On the other hand, analog processing circuits accumulate over large independent variables into large measurements that can be controlled from the non-linear characteristic curve range to saturation, while digital processing takes too much time, for example. The digital information processing becomes a large value that cannot be sufficiently handled by simple technical circuit means.
This is the case, for example, when the average driving vehicle usage needs to be observed or recorded over the total life of the machine (eg automobile).

Recognizing such a situation, the basic object of the present invention is to provide a highly accurate mean value result after a very short time interval of the independent variable, and despite the high accuracy required for this, the independent variable Even after a large time interval of, there is no loss of information due to saturation or numerical round-off errors, so we also identify a small effect on the quotient in the mean over a significantly wide interval of the independent variable when the variable changes. The purpose is to provide an average value determination device of the type described at the outset.

(Means, Actions and Effects for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, the object is to reset the measuring instrument to the initial state after each measuring instrument in an average value determining device of the type mentioned at the beginning. By doing so, a cumulative storage device that receives the measured value periodically is connected, and a reduction stage is provided in each cumulative storage device. This reduction stage, when one storage device overflows, leads to overflow. By returning the reduced measurement result to the corresponding cumulative storage device instead of the measurement result, the accumulated measurement result is reduced by one factor, in which case the overflow of the respective storage device causes a reduction rate in the reduction stage. Achieved by being enhanced.

Therefore, this measure, to some extent, represents a quasi-continuously reduced quotient form of sensitivity with increasing increments of the independent variable. By doing so, if one variable increases beyond the circuit-technically defined limit value, the accumulated dividend and accumulated divisor for the formation of the quotient will continue to obtain the measured value. The average value present as a quotient is not compromised in its accuracy if it is reduced by a common rate used as a divisor for Breaking actual measurements by this rate is
It is only necessary to consider the integer part of the quotient of the measured value and avoid the rounding error by avoiding that the fractional remainder of the division is returned to the coefficient measurer and wasted in obtaining the measured value. Therefore, it does not hinder the realization of the digital circuit.

In the case of a digital circuit configuration, the division of the actual measured value is purposefully performed by a digital divider, and the divisor is supplied from the counter to this divider, so that the rounding error affects the actual measured value. There is no such thing. On the other hand, binary coded stored variables can be easily purposed by shifting the contents of the shift register, as the divisors that reduce the actual stored measurement are freely selectable. Is divided into

If the determination of the exact mean value is less important than the influence of the newer measurement data on the older measurement data, then the divisor for the actual measurement is simply made slightly larger than the divisor for the accumulated variable. Just enough. If no divisor is involved with the actual measured value, a register overflow cannot occur when the division of the accumulated variable is done by shifting the register position of the binary coded information. The device according to the invention can be practically used with an unlimited time of independent variables.

(Examples) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the examples shown in the drawings.

The block connection diagram in Fig. 1 shows sensors 13.1 and 13.
2 shows the signal processing channel for dependent and independent measurements 12.1, 12.2 according to the concept of the above variables detected by 2. Integral measuring devices 14.1, 14.2 connected to each output of the sensor 13 are shown as an operational amplifier 15 with a capacitive negative feedback circuit 16 after the input resistance 17, respectively.
For the sake of clarity of the block diagram, the information-holding or information-carrying scan-holding circuit, which is decoupled on the input side or the output side, is not shown.

Once initialized by the control circuit 18, after some measuring period, the actual measured value 19.1 or 19.2 will change to the measuring instrument 14.1 or
A cumulative storage device 21.1 which is ascertained at the output terminal of 14.2 and can in principle have the same structure as the measuring device 21.1 or
21.2 is transmitted through switch 20.1 or 20.2.
By returning the measuring instrument 14 to its initial state of measurement again, the measured value 19 is erased, which is symbolized in the figure by the discharge switch 22 to the capacitive negative feedback circuit 16 of the operational amplifier 15. If, after transmitting the actual measured value 19, the feedback of the measuring device 14 in the initial operating state occurs very frequently, the operational amplifier 15 is not controlled to saturation and therefore the measuring device 14 is not overcontrolled by the measuring value 12. As guaranteed. When the measured value 12 fluctuates significantly or is in an unknown state, as shown by the broken line in FIG. The OR circuit 24 controls the feedback circuit of the control circuit 18 and the measuring instrument 14 in the initial state of function.
It is preferable that the limit value alarm 23.1 or 23.2, which is activated via the, is connected to the output terminals of the measuring devices 14.1 and 14.2.

A divider 25 is connected to the outputs of the cumulative storage devices 21.1 and 21.2. This divider 25 is the cumulative measurement result of the independent variable.
The actual mean value 26 of the cumulative measurement result 27.1 for the dependent variable for 27.2 is sent in the form of a quotient. This output is the divider
The actual measurement result 27 entered in 25 represents the respective settling value after the acceptance of the closest measurement value, and thus, unless the newly loaded load measurement value 19 supplied to the measuring device 14 has yet been taken into account. Is quasi-continuous. This discontinuity can be adjusted by the control circuit 18 and thus by the repetition rate of the acceptance of the actual measured value 19 in the accumulator 21.

Further, the capacity of the storage storage device 21 is not limited. Therefore, when the limit value annunciator 28.1 or 28.2 is activated, the storage device 21 as well as the measuring device 14 is returned to the initial state, and thereafter, the actual accumulated measurement result 27.1 or 2 respectively.
7.2 is transmitted to the corresponding reduction stage 30.1 or 30.2 through the switch 29.1 or 29.2. In this reduction stage, each measurement result 27 is reduced to a fraction of the actual value, and each storage device 21 stores this reduced measurement result 31 as measurement result 27.1 / 27.2, which is then processed by the divider 25. .
It is set to 1 / 31.2. This reduction operation is illustrated by the operational amplifier 15 with the resistance (proportional) circuit 32 in the principle block diagram of FIG. This operational amplifier 15 is one of the measurement result limit value alarms.
When 28 drives the measurement result reduction control circuit 34 via the OR input terminal 33, it is always further reduced by one step.

In spite of this reduction of the accumulated measurement result 27, in order to reconcile the relationship with respect to the input value of the storage device 21, and hence the measurement value 19, the respective measuring device 14.1,1
Corresponding reduction stages 35.1 and 35.2 are connected on the output side of 4.2. There is no effect on the average value 26 obtained from the divider 25, since the same measurement reduction takes place in both channels 11.1 and 11.2 respectively.

It is in principle possible to transfer only a portion of each measured value 19 to the corresponding cumulative storage device 21 via the reduction stage 35, as indicated by the dashed voltage division stages 36.1, 36.2 in FIG. It is possible. This respective surplus measurement value 37.1 and 37.2 is returned to the associated measuring device 14.1 and 14.2 and considered in the next cycle of measurement value transmission,
Therefore, the determination of the average value 26 is not wasted. this is,
For example, it has the advantage that the measuring device 14 does not have to be actuated from zero, thus avoiding the non-linear range of the measuring characteristic curve.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the circuit-technical realization of the device according to the invention is simplified by means of digital circuit technology. The circuits shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are identical with respect to the determination of the average value, so that the same reference numerals have been chosen as much as possible, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted for FIG.

The sensor 13 supplies a pulse as the measured value 12, which pulse is added up (calculated) in a measuring device 14 which is configured as a multi-digit binary counter.

The reduction stage 30 can be a shift register and thus a binary storage device. This reduction stage 30 shifts the stored contents to the position of the highest value or the lowest value (in the normal circuit display, "to the left" or "to the right") by multiplying by 2 or dividing by 2. Easy to do.

Due to the limited binary coded initial state, the control circuit 18 resets the measuring instrument 14 at the beginning of the operation.
To set the calculation initial position to "0" via and to set the shift register of the divisor transmitter 45 to the reduction stage 35 to the "1" value. On the other hand, the control circuit 18 shifts the shift register of the reduction stage 30 via the set input terminal 39 of the dividend reduction stage 30.1.
Adjusts to an initial value of "0" in the case of, and to an initial value of "1" in the case of the divisor reduction stage 30.2, thus producing an initial average value of 26 "0" at the output terminal of the divider 25.

When transmitting the measured value 19 to the cumulative storage device 21, a digital division is performed in the reduction stage 35 by the actual number as a divisor supplied from the data output terminal of the shift register transmitter 45. The modulo stage 41 (which is functionally the same as the division stage 36 of FIG. 1) only accumulates the integer portion of the quotient, not the complete division result, in the accumulator 21 (represented in the drawing as a digital adder). ) To. On the other hand, the surplus division remainder part as the remainder measurement value 37 is returned to the data input terminal of the coefficient measuring device 14 as a number initial state this time (thus, when the division remainder part is transmitted to the next measurement value). Since it is considered again, the rounding error from the digital division is not always included in the adjustment of the storage device 21).

In the digital cumulative storage device 21 (adder), when overflow information occurs at the carry-out output terminal 42, the control circuit 34 inputs an OR signal so that the measured value 19 supplied for reprocessing sends the reduction information 43. Driven via terminal 33. When implementing the shift register of the reduction stage 30, it means driving its shift input terminal 44, so that the contents of the shift register are shifted right by one digit (the disappearance of the position of the lowest value). This is equivalent to halving the register contents. At the same time, the register contents of the divisor transmitter 45 for the reduction stage 35 are shifted one digit to the left so that the low value location reaches the position of the adjacent high value location. This corresponds to an increase by the same constant as in the other shift registers, and thus a doubling of the divisor for the reduction stage 35. In order to eliminate the overflow in the cumulative storage device 21, whenever an overflow occurs, a carry-over of the contents of the cumulative storage device with a reduced value 31 is performed, after which
It is taken into account that the measurement 19 is slightly reduced.

When the divisor transmitter 45 capacity is exhausted by shift register overflow, the normal operating limit is reached. However, even when this limit value is exceeded, the reduction stage 30 is used in the case of a carry-up command from one cumulative storage device 21.
Although the shift register of is further advanced, the maximum shift register content (controlled by the carry output terminal 46 of the divisor transmitter 45 and the logic element 45) is continuously maintained, thereby providing an approximate method of averaging. The operation can continue. Therefore, the final quotient of the mean value 26 is then the quotient, since the corresponding reduction of the measured value 19 is not made, but is subsequently added without reduction despite the reduction of the cumulative result of the storage device 21. Is only an approximation result, in which the newer data of the measurement value generation point 19 becomes stronger than the older data, and the weight is increased. This is, of course, the same even when implemented by the analog circuit technology of FIG.

For the sake of clarity, only three independent digital dividers (35.1, 35.2, 25) are shown in FIG. 2 as reduction stages and output dividers. Since the measured value 19 is transmitted only at the time of separation, it is possible to output the coefficient measuring devices 14.1 and 14.2 of both sides and the average value 26 discontinuously to the output side of the newly equipped accumulative storage device 21.1 and 21.2 during the multiple operation. Only a few digital dividers connected can be provided to be controlled by the circuit 18 or 34. In addition, the digital circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 2 likewise lies within the framework of the invention, either by connecting the individual components of the digital circuit technology separately or by means of a program of the storage device, which processes the measured values. Can be implemented within the framework of or by a microprocessor.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block connection diagram showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention based on analog signal processing circuit technology, and FIG. 2 is a block connection diagram showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention based on digital signal processing circuit technology. . 12.1 …… Dependent variable measurement, 12.2 …… Independent variable measurement, 1
4.1,14.2 …… Integral measuring instrument, 19.1,19.2 …… Measured value, 21.1,
21.2 …… Cumulative storage, 25 …… Dividend, 27.1, 27.2 ……
Cumulative measurement result, 30.1,30.2 ... reduction stage, 31.1,31.2 ... reduced measurement result, 35.1,35.2 ... reduction stage, 37.1,37.2 ...
… Divided remainder measurement value, 40 …… Divisor, 41.1, 41.2 …… Modulo stage, 42 …… Advance output terminal.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. Integral measuring device (14.1 or 14.2)
In the mean value determination device for determining the mean value of the dependent variable measurement value (12.1) by the independent variable measurement value (12.2) which is grasped by and is replaced with the ratio by the divider (25), each measuring device ( 14.1,14.2), after which the cumulative storage device (21.1,21.2), which periodically receives the measured value (19.1 or 19.2) by resetting the measuring instrument (14.1,14.2) to the initial state, is connected, and the respective cumulative storage The device (21.1, 21.2) is provided with a reduction stage (30.1 or 30.2), which when one storage device overflows, instead of the previous measurement result (27.1 or 27.2) leading to overflow, Accumulated measurement results (27.1 or 27.2) by returning the reduced measurement results (31.1 or 31.2) to the corresponding cumulative storage (21.1 or 21.2).
2) is reduced by one factor, in which case the reduction stages (30.1 and 30.
An average value determination device characterized in that the reduction rate in 2) is increased. 2. A cumulative storage device (21.1 or 21.
The average value determination device according to claim 1, characterized in that one reduction stage (35.1, 35.2) is provided for each of the measured values (19.1 and 19.2) for 2). 3. A reduction stage (35.) for the measured value (19.1, 19.2).
1,35.2) is operated by a divisor which is increased when the storage device overflows, similar to the reduction stage (30.1,30.2) for the cumulative measurement result (27.1,27.2),
The average value determination device according to claim 2. 4. By resetting the measuring devices (14.1 and 14.2) respectively, only a part of the measured values (19.1 or 19.2) is transmitted to the accumulating storage device (21.1, 21.2), and the residual measured value is used as the measured value. Corresponding measuring instrument (14.1 and
14.2) The average value determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is returned to the above. 5. Incremental counter capable of setting measurement values (12.1 and 12.2) and measurement values (19.1 and 19.2)
A digital adder as the accumulating storage device (21.1 and 21.2) and a stepwise shiftable shift register as a reduction stage (30.1, 30.2) connected after one storage device (21.1 or 21.2). The average value determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the average value determination device is provided. 6. A divisor transmitter (45) connectable in stages from a carry-out output terminal (42) of a cumulative storage device (21.1, 21.2).
Shift register and the integer division result to the subsequent accumulator (21.1 or 21.2) and the new coefficient initial state division remainder measurement value (37.1 or 37.2) as the corresponding instrument (14.1 or 14.2) with a respective modulo stage (41.1 or 41.2) and a respective reduction stage (3) for the measured values (19.1 and 19.2).
5.1 or 35.2), characterized in that it is provided with a digital divider.
The average value determination device according to any one of items. 7. A reduction stage (35.1 or 35.2) for the accumulated measurement results (27.1 and 27.2) and one digital divider as a divider (25) are provided, which divider is a multiplex. Average according to claim 6, characterized in that in operation it is actuated by the measured values (19.1 and 19.2) and their common divisor (40) and the accumulated measured results (27.1 and 27.2). Value determining device.