JPS63208678A - Actuator - Google Patents

Actuator

Info

Publication number
JPS63208678A
JPS63208678A JP4213287A JP4213287A JPS63208678A JP S63208678 A JPS63208678 A JP S63208678A JP 4213287 A JP4213287 A JP 4213287A JP 4213287 A JP4213287 A JP 4213287A JP S63208678 A JPS63208678 A JP S63208678A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
plates
shape memory
memory alloy
shape
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP4213287A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0377389B2 (en
Inventor
Minoru Yabuki
矢吹 實
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Furukawa Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP4213287A priority Critical patent/JPS63208678A/en
Publication of JPS63208678A publication Critical patent/JPS63208678A/en
Publication of JPH0377389B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0377389B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/065Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01Details
    • H01H61/0107Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0122Two SMA actuators, e.g. one for closing or resetting contacts and one for opening them

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To secure a reciprocating movement with the simple constitution by allowing a plurality of shape memory alloy plates to memorize an arcuate form and reversing a part of the plates nearly symmetrically to other plates and jointing the center parts of the plates in this state and installing the plates in the heating independent chambers. CONSTITUTION:A strip-shaped plate 1 made of shape memory alloy is allowed to memorize an arcuate form, and reversed symmetrically to the memorized shape. The reversed plate 1 and a plate 2 which is allowed to memorize an arcuate form are arranged in parallel, and formed integrally through a spacer 3. The upper and lower edges of the plates 1 and 2 are fixed by a fixing tool 5, and the plates 1 and 2 are installed into the heating independent chambers partitioned by partitioning walls. In drive, the plate 1 is restored to the memorized shape by heating the plate 1 by the thermal fluid such as heating gas when the both plates 1 and 2 are stable at low temperature, and then the plate 2 is reversed, and a shaft 4 is moved rightward. Then, the plate 2 is heated to restore the memorized shape, and then the plate 1 is reversed, and the shaft 4 is moved leftward.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は形状記憶合金を利用したアクチュエーターの改
良に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to improvements in actuators using shape memory alloys.

〔従来の技術とその問題点〕[Conventional technology and its problems]

N i −T i合金などの形状記憶効果を利用したア
クチュエーターは種々のものが公知である。これらの多
くのものは形状記憶合金自体に二方向特性を持たせると
高、低温側それぞれの形状を正確に設定できないことか
ら、一方向特性を有する形状記憶合金を利用している。
Various actuators using shape memory effects such as N i -T i alloys are known. In many of these, shape memory alloys having unidirectional properties are used because if the shape memory alloy itself has two-way properties, it is not possible to accurately set the shapes on the high and low temperature sides.

一方向性形状記憶合金を使って二方向の特性を得る方法
としては、バイアス法と差動式二方向素子がある。これ
らの方法としては低温で軟かく高温で硬い性質を利用し
たもので例えばバイアス法としては第4図に示すものが
ある。
Methods for obtaining bidirectional characteristics using a unidirectional shape memory alloy include a bias method and a differential bidirectional element. These methods utilize the properties of being soft at low temperatures and hard at high temperatures, such as the bias method shown in FIG. 4.

すなわち形状記憶合金コイル(11)とコイルばね(1
2)をストッパー(13)を介して中心軸(14)に並
列して配置したもので低温のときはコイルばねのパイア
スカにより形状記憶コイルは収縮した形状となっている
が、形状記憶コイルを加熱して高温になるとコイルばね
のパイアスカに打勝って形状記憶コイルが伸びス)7パ
ーを図面上右方に押し、中心軸が右方に移動する。加熱
を止めて低温になるとコイルばねのパイアスカが強くな
り、形状記憶コイルを押戻し、ストだ<−5中心軸を左
方に移動させる。このような動作を繰り返して中心軸に
二方向の駆動力を付与するものである。
That is, the shape memory alloy coil (11) and the coil spring (1
2) are arranged in parallel to the central axis (14) via a stopper (13).When the temperature is low, the shape memory coil is in a contracted shape due to the coil spring's piascus, but when the shape memory coil is heated When the temperature rises, the shape memory coil expands by overcoming the coil spring's piascus, pushing the S)7 par to the right in the drawing, and the central axis moves to the right. When the heating is stopped and the temperature becomes low, the coil spring's piascus becomes stronger, pushing the shape memory coil back and moving the center axis to the left. By repeating such operations, driving forces in two directions are applied to the central shaft.

また差動式は第4図のコイルばね(12)に代えて、こ
れも形状記憶コイルとし、左右2個の形状記憶コイルを
交互に加熱して上記と同様に二方向の駆動力を得るもの
である。しかしこのようなバイアス式、差動式において
はいずれも加熱時に記憶された形状へ復帰する性質を利
用しているため低温になると元の位置に戻ってしまう、
移動させた位置に維持する場合は記憶形状を維持するに
必要な期間は常にその温度を保持する必要がある。すな
わち上記の第4図のバイアス式においてストッパーを右
方に移動し、その2まま一定時間を維持したい場合は形
状記憶コイルに一定時間継続して、一定の温度に保持す
る必要があった。通常形状記憶コイルの加熱方法として
はコイルに直接通電し加熱する方法、熱風による加熱な
どが考えられているが、電流制御装置、タイマーなどの
調整装置、熱風加熱装置などが必要とされ、したがって
コスト高となり、また設置場所などの制約もあってこの
種の駆動装置の利用面に大きな障害となっていた。
In addition, the differential type uses a shape memory coil instead of the coil spring (12) in Figure 4, and the two left and right shape memory coils are alternately heated to obtain driving force in two directions in the same way as above. It is. However, these bias type and differential type both utilize the property of returning to the memorized shape when heated, so they return to their original position when the temperature becomes low.
When maintaining the moved position, it is necessary to maintain that temperature for the period necessary to maintain the memorized shape. That is, in the bias type shown in FIG. 4, if the stopper is moved to the right and the temperature is to be maintained for a certain period of time, it is necessary to keep the shape memory coil at a certain temperature for a certain period of time. Normally, methods for heating shape memory coils include heating the coil by directly applying electricity to the coil, heating with hot air, etc. However, current control devices, adjustment devices such as timers, hot air heating devices, etc. are required, and therefore the cost is high. Due to the high cost and restrictions such as installation location, this type of drive device has been a major obstacle in its use.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

本発明者は上記の問題について検討した結果、形状記憶
合金を加熱して必要とする形状に復帰させて一方向に駆
動させ、加熱を止め冷却してもこの状態を維持しており
、次に他方の形状記憶合金を加熱すると他の一方向に駆
動し、加熱を止め冷却してもこの状態を維持する。すな
わち低温時においても任意の2位置を選択できかつ作動
が確実なアクチュエーターを開発したものである。
As a result of studying the above problems, the inventors of the present invention heated a shape memory alloy to return it to the required shape, drove it in one direction, and maintained this state even after the heating was stopped and cooled. When the other shape memory alloy is heated, it is driven in the other direction, and this state is maintained even after the heating is stopped and the alloy is cooled. In other words, we have developed an actuator that can select any two positions and that operates reliably even at low temperatures.

〔問題点を解決するための手段および作用]本発明は複
数の形状記憶合金板を弓状もしくは円錐形状に記憶させ
、この内の単数または複数の形状記憶合金板を記憶形状
と略対称形に反転させ、該形状記憶合金板の中央部をシ
ャフトで結合して隔壁により仕切られた加熱独立室内に
設置し、該独立室内の形状記憶合金板を交互に加熱して
記憶された形状に復帰させ、シャフトを二方向に駆動さ
せることを特徴とするアクチュエーターである。
[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention memorizes a plurality of shape memory alloy plates in an arcuate or conical shape, and one or more shape memory alloy plates among these are made approximately symmetrical to the memorized shape. The shape memory alloy plates are inverted, and the center portions of the shape memory alloy plates are connected with a shaft and placed in an independent heating chamber partitioned by a partition wall, and the shape memory alloy plates in the independent chambers are alternately heated to return to the memorized shape. , is an actuator characterized by driving a shaft in two directions.

すなわち本発明は第1図に示すようにNi−Ti合金な
どからなる形状記憶合金の短冊状の板を、第1図(al
に示すように弓状に形状記憶させる。
That is, as shown in FIG.
The shape is memorized into an arched shape as shown in the figure.

これを第1!!I(b)の(1)のように記憶形状と対
称形に反転させたものを1・枚と弓状に形状記憶させた
もの(2)と並列してスペーサー(3)を介してシャフ
ト(4)に挿通したものである。そして記憶合金板(1
)、(2)の上下端は固定具(5)、(5′)により固
定され、記憶合金板(1)、(2)は隔壁により仕切ら
れた加熱する独立室内に設置されており、形状記憶合金
板は夫々電気的、熱的に絶縁してアクチュエーターとし
たものである。この作動について説明すると第1図(b
)の状態において形状記憶合金板(1)および(2)が
低温で安定であるとき加熱ガスなどの熱流体により形状
記憶合金板(1)を所定の温度に加熱すると第1図(C
)に示すように形状記憶合金板(1)は記憶された元の
形状に戻る。この際形状記憶合金(2)は働)の記憶形
状から(C)のように飛び移り座屈して反転し、シャフ
ト(4)は右方に駆動して加熱を止めて冷却されても、
この状態において安定静止する。次にこの状態のとき形
状記憶合金板(2)を加熱すると第1図(dlのように
形状記憶合金板(2)は記憶された元の形状に戻り、形
状記憶合金板(1)は飛び移り座屈して反転し、シャフ
ト(4)は左方に駆動し、この状態で安定静止する。上
記の作動を繰り返し行うことによりシャフトに二方向の
断続、または連続した駆動を付与することが可能となる
。しかして本発明は形状記憶合金板の少なくとも1個を
記憶形状から反転させて組合せであるため、これが作動
時に飛び移り反転し座屈状態となるため冷却時に安定静
止状態が維持できるものである。
This is number one! ! As shown in (1) of I(b), 1 piece is inverted symmetrically with the memorized shape, and the shaft (2) is paralleled with the arched shape memorized (2) through the spacer (3). 4). And memory alloy plate (1
) and (2) are fixed by fixtures (5) and (5'), and the memory alloy plates (1) and (2) are installed in an independent heating chamber separated by a partition wall, and the shape The memory alloy plates are electrically and thermally insulated and used as actuators. This operation is explained in Figure 1 (b
) When shape memory alloy plates (1) and (2) are stable at low temperatures, when shape memory alloy plate (1) is heated to a predetermined temperature with a thermal fluid such as heating gas,
), the shape memory alloy plate (1) returns to its original memorized shape. At this time, the shape memory alloy (2) jumps from its memory shape as shown in (C), buckles and reverses, and the shaft (4) is driven to the right to stop heating and cool down.
It comes to a stable standstill in this state. Next, when the shape memory alloy plate (2) is heated in this state, the shape memory alloy plate (2) returns to its original memorized shape as shown in Figure 1 (dl), and the shape memory alloy plate (1) flies away. The shaft (4) moves and buckles and reverses, driving to the left and stably stationary in this state.By repeating the above operation, it is possible to give the shaft intermittent or continuous driving in two directions. Therefore, since the present invention is a combination in which at least one of the shape memory alloy plates is reversed from the memorized shape, this jumps and reverses during operation and becomes a buckled state, so that a stable stationary state can be maintained during cooling. It is.

本発明において使用する形状記憶合金板の数は2枚以上
の複数枚が使用でき、この内の半数枚を記憶形状から反
転させて組合せたもとした方が作動時の力のバランス上
好ましい、また短冊状でなく円板を円錐形状にしたもの
を使用してもよい。
The number of shape memory alloy plates used in the present invention can be two or more, and it is preferable to invert half of them from the memory shape and combine them in terms of force balance during operation. Instead of a circular disk, a conical disk may be used.

形状記憶合金としてはN1−Ti合金の他これにFe、
Coなど第3元素を添加したNi−Ti系合金、および
Cu−AQ−Ni、Cu−Au−ZnなどのCu系合金
の他通常使用される形状記憶合金が適用できる。さらに
形状記憶合金板を加熱する熱流体としては加熱ガス流体
、温水など通常使用されているものが用いられる。
In addition to N1-Ti alloy, shape memory alloys include Fe,
In addition to Ni-Ti alloys to which a third element such as Co is added, Cu-based alloys such as Cu-AQ-Ni and Cu-Au-Zn, commonly used shape memory alloys can be used. Further, as the thermal fluid for heating the shape memory alloy plate, commonly used fluids such as heating gas fluid and hot water are used.

(実施例〕 以下に本発明の一実施例について説明する。(Example〕 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

第2図に示すように形状記憶合金板(1)および(2)
の中央部をシャフト(4)が貫通しておりシャフトの中
央にスペーサー(3)が固着され、かつスペーサーの両
端で形状記憶合金板(1)および(2)の間隔を規制し
ている。また形状記憶合金板(1)および(2)の上下
端部は一体射出成型等により合成樹脂製の基体(6)内
に埋込まれている。そして基体(6)には中央隔壁(7
)が設けられ基体(6)の内部空間を空間部(8)、(
8′)に2分している。その空間部(8)には形状記憶
合金板(1)が、空間部(8′)には形状記憶合金Fi
(2)が設けられており、この形状記憶合金を加熱する
ための加熱ガスの入口ボート(9)、(9′)、出口ボ
ート(10)、(10’)、が設けられている。
As shown in Figure 2, shape memory alloy plates (1) and (2)
A shaft (4) passes through the center of the shaft, a spacer (3) is fixed to the center of the shaft, and both ends of the spacer regulate the distance between the shape memory alloy plates (1) and (2). Further, the upper and lower ends of the shape memory alloy plates (1) and (2) are embedded in a synthetic resin base (6) by integral injection molding or the like. And the base body (6) has a central partition wall (7
) are provided to connect the internal space of the base (6) to the space portions (8), (
8'). A shape memory alloy plate (1) is placed in the space (8), and a shape memory alloy plate (Fi) is placed in the space (8').
(2), and inlet boats (9), (9') and outlet boats (10), (10') for heating gas for heating the shape memory alloy.

上記の第2図に示す形状記憶合金板(1)の記憶形状は
第1図(a)に示す形状に記憶したものを第1図(b)
の(1)の如く常温において記憶形状と対称形に反転さ
せて組込んだものであり、一方の形状記憶合金板(2)
は、この形状に記憶したものを組込むものである。この
アクチュエーターは第2回の状態において常温で安定静
止しているものであるが加熱ガス入口ボート(9)より
加熱ガスを空間部(8)に導入してこの中の形状記憶合
金板(1)を変態点以上の温度に加熱すると形状記憶合
金板(1)は記憶形状に復帰し反転して第3図(1)の
形状となる。この時シャフト(4)に固着されているス
ペーサー(3)を右方へ押し形状記憶合金板(2)は飛
び移り反転し記憶した形状と逆の方向に座屈すると共に
シャフトは右方に移動し、この状態で安定静止する。そ
してこの状態は加熱ガス出口ボート(10)から加熱ガ
スを抜いて空間部(8)が冷却された状態においても形
状記憶合金板が座屈状態となっているため元に戻ること
はない。すなわち加熱を中断しても一方向の駆動位置を
そのまま維持することが可能である。
The memorized shape of the shape memory alloy plate (1) shown in Fig. 2 above is the shape shown in Fig. 1(a), as shown in Fig. 1(b).
As shown in (1) above, the shape memory alloy plate (2) is inverted and incorporated symmetrically with the memory shape at room temperature.
is to incorporate what is stored in this shape. This actuator is stably stationary at room temperature in the second state, but heated gas is introduced into the space (8) from the heated gas inlet boat (9), and the shape memory alloy plate (1) inside is heated. When heated to a temperature above the transformation point, the shape memory alloy plate (1) returns to its memorized shape and is reversed to take the shape shown in FIG. 3 (1). At this time, the spacer (3) fixed to the shaft (4) is pushed to the right, and the shape memory alloy plate (2) jumps and reverses, buckling in the opposite direction to the memorized shape, and the shaft moves to the right. , comes to a stable standstill in this state. This state does not return to its original state even when the space (8) is cooled by removing the heated gas from the heated gas outlet boat (10) because the shape memory alloy plate is in a buckled state. That is, even if heating is interrupted, it is possible to maintain the drive position in one direction.

次に第3図の加熱ガス入口ボート(9’)より加熱ガス
を空間部(8′)に導入してこの中の形状記憶合金板(
2)を変態点以上の温度に加熱すると、この形状記憶合
金機は記憶した形状に復帰して第2図の(2)のように
反転し、シャフトは左方へ移動し安定静止する。このよ
うに形状記憶合金(+)および(2)を交互に加熱する
ことによりシャフトを断続または連続して駆動すること
ができる。
Next, heated gas is introduced into the space (8') from the heated gas inlet boat (9') in Fig. 3, and the shape memory alloy plate (
When 2) is heated to a temperature above the transformation point, this shape memory alloy machine returns to its memorized shape and reverses as shown in (2) in Figure 2, and the shaft moves to the left and comes to a stable standstill. By alternately heating the shape memory alloys (+) and (2) in this way, the shaft can be driven intermittently or continuously.

上記においては形状記憶合金板(1)を記憶させた形状
から反転させて組合せた例について説明したが、反転さ
せて組込む合金板は(1)、(2)いずれでもよく、最
初の加熱は反転させた合金板に付与すれば、その合金板
が元の形状に戻るため、その力により別の合金板が反転
して座屈状態となり、以後交互に加熱することにより二
方向の駆動が得られるものである。
In the above, an example was explained in which the shape memory alloy plate (1) is inverted from the memorized shape and combined, but the alloy plate to be inverted and assembled may be either (1) or (2), and the initial heating is inverted. When applied to a heated alloy plate, the alloy plate returns to its original shape, and the force causes the other alloy plate to flip over and become buckled.Afterwards, by alternately heating, bidirectional drive can be obtained. It is something.

[効果] 以上に説明したように本発明によれば複数の形状記憶合
金板を交互に加熱することにより形状を反転させてシャ
フトを移動し二方向の往復運動を付与することができる
と共に加熱を止めて低温になってもその位置を維持する
ことができる。また必要な2位置に選択して維持するこ
とができるなど極めて顕著な効果を奏するものである。
[Effects] As explained above, according to the present invention, by alternately heating a plurality of shape memory alloy plates, the shapes can be reversed and the shaft can be moved to provide reciprocating motion in two directions. It can maintain its position even if it is stopped and the temperature becomes low. Furthermore, it is possible to select and maintain two necessary positions, which has extremely remarkable effects.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明のアクチュエーターの作動状態を示す模
式図、第2図および第3図は本発明の一実施例を示す側
断面図、第4図は従来のアクチュエーターの作動状態を
示す模式図である。 ■・・・反転して組合せた形状記憶合金板、 2・・・
形状記憶合金板、 3.3′・・・スペーサー、 4・
・・シャフト、 5・・・固定具、 6・・・基体、 
7・・・隔壁、 8.8′・・・空間部、 9.9′・
・・ガス入口ポート、 10.10′・・・ガス出口ボ
ート。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the operating state of the actuator of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are side sectional views showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operating state of a conventional actuator. It is. ■・・・Shape memory alloy plate combined inverted, 2...
Shape memory alloy plate, 3.3'...Spacer, 4.
...Shaft, 5...Fixing tool, 6...Base,
7...Partition wall, 8.8'...Space, 9.9'.
...Gas inlet port, 10.10'...Gas outlet boat.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 複数の形状記憶合金板を弓状もしくは円錐形状に記憶さ
せ、この内の単数または複数の形状記憶合金板を記憶形
状と略対称形に反転させ、該形状記憶合金板の中央部の
シャフトで結合して隔壁により仕切られた加熱独立室内
に設置し、該独立室内の形状記憶合金板を交互に加熱し
て記憶された形状に復帰させ、シャフトを二方向に駆動
させることを特徴とするアクチュエーター。
A plurality of shape memory alloy plates are memorized into an arcuate or conical shape, one or more of these shape memory alloy plates is inverted to be approximately symmetrical to the memorized shape, and the shape memory alloy plates are connected by a shaft in the center. An actuator characterized in that the actuator is installed in an independent heated chamber partitioned by a partition wall, and the shape memory alloy plates in the independent chamber are alternately heated to restore the memorized shape, thereby driving a shaft in two directions.
JP4213287A 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 Actuator Granted JPS63208678A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4213287A JPS63208678A (en) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 Actuator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4213287A JPS63208678A (en) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 Actuator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63208678A true JPS63208678A (en) 1988-08-30
JPH0377389B2 JPH0377389B2 (en) 1991-12-10

Family

ID=12627411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4213287A Granted JPS63208678A (en) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 Actuator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63208678A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020033883A (en) * 2018-08-27 2020-03-05 オリエンタルモーター株式会社 Actuator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020033883A (en) * 2018-08-27 2020-03-05 オリエンタルモーター株式会社 Actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0377389B2 (en) 1991-12-10

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