JPS63185315A - Artificial culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for culturing aerobic fungal mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms.

[Prior art and its problems]

Traditionally, small logs such as oak trees have been used as hoda wood for mushroom cultivation, but in recent years, as cultivation methods have become more systematic, it has become possible to harvest mushrooms all year round, and mushroom cultivation has become more popular. As a result, there has been a problem that there is a limit to the supply of such natural wood, and it is also expensive.

Therefore, in recent years, adhesives have been added to materials such as sawdust, wood chips, bagasse, etc. along with nutritional bases such as rice bran as a culture medium that can be stably supplied and easily add nutrients and water necessary for growth. Artificial Hoda wood, which is pressure-molded into column shapes, is widely used.

However, when cultivating mushrooms using such an artificial tree, a hole is created in the center of the tree, and fungi are inoculated into this hole to allow mycelia to grow and culture on the outer surface of the tree. Since the various materials and components mentioned above are solidified into a columnar shape by the agent, ventilation is insufficient, making it difficult for the oxygen in the air necessary for the growth of aerobic bacteria such as mushrooms to reach the interior of the wood. This has the problem of slowing down the growth of mycelium.Especially, when molding into a large tree for repeated harvesting, it becomes difficult to bring the inside into contact with air, reducing the harvest rate. was there.

The present invention was made in view of these problems, and utilizes a mushroom culture substrate in which hyphae grow quickly and can shorten the time required for ripening, making repeated harvests easy and suitable for large-scale production. The purpose is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In order to achieve the above object, the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention uses a pile of stacked fiberboards with a specific gravity of 0.4 or less containing nutritional sources for mushrooms such as rice bran and starch. This method is characterized by inoculating seed bacteria into a culture medium, and culturing by adding moisture as necessary to grow mycelia to the deposition interface of the fiberboard.

[For production]

Since the culture medium is formed by stacking fiberboards without gluing them together, it is cheaper and more stable than the conventional method of cultivating mushrooms that uses natural mushrooms. The size and number of laminated sheets can be arbitrarily changed, allowing for efficient cultivation according to the size of the culture room.Furthermore, since porous fiberboard with a specific gravity of 0.4 or less is used, Sufficient air for the growth of mycelium is supplied inside the culture medium, and the mycelium grows evenly and evenly on the surface layer of the fiberboard and between each layer, thereby improving the yield.

In addition, by using a vegetable fiberboard obtained by paper-making vegetable fibers such as wood fibers and pulp as a fiberboard, it is possible to utilize the polysaccharide components in the vegetable fibers as a nutrient source for mycelium. It is possible to grow mushrooms sufficiently even with fewer newly added nutritional sources, and in addition,
If a water retention agent is added to the stacked interface of these fiberboards,
As the environmental humidity increases, the moisture necessary for mushroom growth is efficiently retained within the culture medium.

〔Example〕

To explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, first, vegetable fibers such as wood fibers, pulp, bagasse, etc., or inorganic fibers such as rock wool are made into paper using a known wet papermaking method such as wet felting method, and the specific gravity is reduced. 0.15~(1,
Form a fiberboard +21 (21...(2) in the shape =4-) with an appropriate shape and desired thickness adjusted to 40 < when completely dry), and bond 4 to 10 sheets of this fiberboard (2). The culture medium (1) is formed by depositing the culture medium (1) without any soiling.

If the specific gravity of the fiberboard (2) is 0.4 or more, the air permeability as a whole will decrease and the supply of air to the deposition interface during deposition will be poor, which will slow down the growth of mushroom hyphae. At the same time, growth in the central part is not expected and the yield decreases, so as mentioned above, the specific gravity is set to 0.4 or less to accelerate the growth of mycelia.

In this case, the fiberboard (2) is formed by intertwining the fibers and point-joining the intersections of fibers and has excellent air permeability, so it may be deposited as is, but the air flow at the interface between the fiberboards Grooves and recesses (3) to improve performance.
(Fig. 8, Fig. 9), or an uneven rough surface (4
) (No. 10) to create an appropriate gap between the eyebrows of the fiberboard, and a large number of ventilation holes (5) (Figure 11)
Alternatively, it is preferable to provide a relatively large ventilation hole (6) (FIG. 12).

In addition, in order to maintain air permeability between the layers of the fiberboard, the 13th
As shown in the figure, granules of inorganic foam such as shirasu balloons and pearlite, powders such as silica sand and mica (7) are interposed, or a breathable sheet (81) such as non-woven fabric is interposed.
(Fig. 14) may be interposed.

A mushroom nutrient source is added to such a fiberboard (2) beforehand or during deposition.

Nutrient sources include rice bran, starch, and vitamins, as well as phosphoric acid, calcium, nitrogen, and other nutrients necessary for mushroom growth.
Known nutrient sources such as magnesium and potassium are used.

The nutrient source can be added to the fiberboard (2) by mixing it into the fibers when the fiberboard is made, or by spraying and impregnating the fiberboard with a liquid nutrient source after making the paper. Can be done. In particular, according to the latter impregnation method, the concentration of the nutrient source at the deposition interface of the fiberboard (2) can be increased, so that the growth of hyphae inside the culture medium becomes faster.

Furthermore, a water retaining agent such as starch may be mixed on the surface of the fiberboard (2), and with this configuration, the fiberboard (2)
) has good moisture permeability, so it can supply sufficient moisture to the water retention agent, and the growth of hyphae at the deposition interface can be carried out effectively.

Note that the fiberboard (2) may be formed by either a dry or wet papermaking method as long as it has a specific gravity of less than 0.4; If the paper is made using vegetable fibers, it is possible to obtain a paper with excellent strength while ensuring sufficient air permeability by utilizing the intertwining of the fibers, and the wood fibers can be made by first dispersing them in water. Therefore, phenols that inhibit the growth of mushrooms are extracted, making it an excellent culture medium.Furthermore, the heating and drying after wet papermaking kills germs, so the fiberboard before inoculating with the inoculum is (2) The sterilization time can be shortened.

Such sterilization treatment is applied to fiberboard (
A plurality of sheets of 2) are adhered (in a piled state) and stored in a suitable container (9) such as a plastic case or bag, and the process is carried out in a sterilization room with zero odor, and the culture medium (1) is prepared.

At this time, a plurality of fiberboards (2) constituting the culture medium (11)
In addition to using the fiberboards piled up and down in the vertical direction as shown in the figure, the fiberboards may be used by laying the piles sideways so that the fiberboards are aligned vertically as shown in FIG.

The thus obtained mushroom culture medium (1) is inoculated with the mushroom inoculum by spraying or press-fitting the inoculum.

Next, as shown in Fig. 4, the inoculated culture medium (1) is stored in a container (9) and aged in a culture chamber 00) to spread mycelium on the deposition interface of the fiberboard (2). Later, the container (
9) Take out the culture medium (1) from inside and return it to the culture chamber 0ω.
By allowing the hypha to grow for a predetermined number of days, primordia with bound hyphae, which will become the source of fruiting bodies, are created on the surface and inside of the culture medium, and then fruiting bodies are generated under a predetermined temperature. . After the fruiting bodies appeared, harvesting could be carried out after a predetermined number of days had elapsed (Fig. 5).

[FIG. 7] shows the state in which fruiting bodies are generated and harvested when the sediment is used lying on its side.

Figures 15 to 17 show another embodiment of the present invention, in which a circular fiber board (2
) is drilled in the center of the fiberboard (αυ), and a plurality of fiberboards (2) are stacked on the bottom plate (2) without adhering to each other, and each fiberboard is inserted through the hole a A support body made of a rod, a string, a linear object, etc. is inserted into the insertion hole aO of the fiberboard (2), and a hole (larger diameter than 131) of the bottom plate (2) is inserted into the lower end of this support body 00. The locking plate pieces α are integrally provided, and the locking plate pieces α are brought into contact with the outer bottom surface of the bottom plate C121, and the upper end of the support body αa is made to protrude from the top layer fiberboard (2). It is something that exists.

Forming grooves, uneven surfaces, etc. on the deposition interface of the fiberboard (2) to improve air permeability, and further interposing granular materials, sheet-like materials, etc. to maintain air permeability, and
The mushroom cultivation method was the same as in the previous example.

With this configuration, it is possible to handle the fiberboard (2) without damaging the hyphae at the deposition interface by manually grasping the upper end of the support 0ω, and it is also possible to form the fiberboard (2) into a circular shape. This allows fruiting bodies to grow radially outward from the sides of the culture medium, allowing them to grow through the spaces between already growing fruiting bodies without interfering with the growth of later growing fruiting bodies. It is something that can be done.

Next, specific examples of the present invention will be shown.

Example A vegetable fiberboard with a specific gravity of 0.2 was made by wet papermaking with a mixed composition of 65 parts of wood pulp, 30 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of starch to a thickness of 20 mm.
Twelve sheets of this vegetable fiberboard were stacked together without gluing to form a rectangular board with a 15ω angle. The culture medium was prepared by placing it in a polypropylene container and heat sterilizing it at 120°C for 3 hours.

Inoculum cultured in a liquid medium is press-fitted into the mushroom culture medium thus obtained and inoculated together with the liquid medium.

At this time, inoculation is performed in a clean room to prevent bacteria from adhering to the vegetable fiberboard.

Next, place the inoculated culture medium in a polypropylene container with the mouth open, at a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 75-80%, and an illuminance of approximately 1.
The mixture was placed in a culture chamber adjusted to 0.00 lux and left to mature for 60 days, allowing mycelia to spread on the surface and interface of the vegetable fiberboard deposit.

After that, the culture medium was removed from the polypropylene container and left in a culture room for 15 days to grow mycelia and create primordia.Each plant fiberboard was separated from the deposition interface and divided into three (4) pieces.
The fruiting bodies were generated in a culture chamber at a temperature of 13°C. The first harvest could be carried out two weeks after the fruiting bodies emerged.

For the second harvest, fruiting bodies were generated by simply adding water to the culture medium, and the seeds could be harvested in about two weeks.

By the third harvest, the surface vegetable fiberboard layer had reached a point where it no longer retained its original shape, so when the surface vegetable fiberboard layer was removed, primordia were formed on the surface of the lower vegetable fiberboard layer. Once again, fruiting bodies could be generated from the surface of the underlying vegetable fiberboard layer.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention is based on the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms, which contains mushroom nutrients such as rice bran and starch with a specific gravity of 0.4.
This method is characterized by culturing mycelium by inoculating seed bacteria into a culture medium made of deposits made by stacking multiple sheets of fiberboards as described below, and adding water as necessary, so fiberboards are glued together. (Since the mushrooms are piled up to form a culture medium, it is possible to provide a cheaper and more stable supply than the conventional method of cultivating mushrooms that uses natural mushrooms. Since the number of piled sheets can be changed arbitrarily, efficient cultivation can be carried out according to the size of the culture room, and by increasing the number of piled sheets, the yield can be increased.Furthermore, the specific gravity is 0.4 Since the following fiberboard is used, sufficient air is supplied for the growth of mycelium inside the culture medium, and the mycelium can grow evenly and evenly on the surface layer and between the layers, improving the yield. can.

In addition, by using a vegetable fiberboard obtained by a wet papermaking method as the fiberboard, it is possible to form a culture substrate that is lightweight, has excellent strength, and has good air circulation by taking advantage of the intertwining of the fibers. What's more, vegetable fibers are highly hygroscopic and allow moisture to reach the interior, allowing mycelium to grow quickly.Furthermore, a water-retaining agent can be added to the interface of these fiberboard piles. For example, when the environmental humidity increases, the moisture necessary for mushroom growth is efficiently retained inside the culture medium.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of fiberboards stacked horizontally, Figures 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams of the cultivation process, and Figure 6 is a perspective view of fiberboards stacked vertically. An explanatory diagram of the stacked cultivation state, and Fig. 7 is a simplified cross-sectional diagram of the harvesting state.
8 to 16 are perspective views showing a plurality of modified examples of laminated fiberboards, FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional front view thereof, and FIG. 17 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the device housed in a container. (1)...Culture medium, (2)...Fibreboard, (9)...
・Container, αω...Culture room.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Inoculum is inoculated into a culture medium consisting of stacked piles of multiple sheets of fiberboard with a specific gravity of 0.4 or less containing nutritional sources for mushrooms such as rice bran and starch, and water is added as necessary. A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, characterized by culturing mycelia through the addition of hyphae. (2) The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the fiberboard is a vegetable fiberboard obtained by a wet papermaking method. (3) The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a water-retaining agent is contained in the deposition interface of the fiberboard and inoculation of the seed fungus is carried out. (4) By using a fiberboard with an uneven surface as the fiberboard, a ventilation gap is provided at the stacked interface of the fiberboard to inoculate the inoculum. The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to item 1 or 2. (5) Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inoculum is inoculated by providing a ventilation gap by interposing inorganic particles, powder, or net-like material at the interface between the piles of the fiberboard. 2. The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to item 2. (6) After culturing the hyphae, the fiberboard is separated from the deposition interface to form a plurality of culture substrates, and fruiting bodies are generated. The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to item 1.