JPS5820115A - Artificial culture log of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an artificial scaffolding for mushrooms, and in particular, a hollow fixed core with a large number of small holes provided on the outer periphery is built into the inside of the medium constituting the mushroom scaffolding, This invention relates to an artificial scaffolding for mushrooms that can introduce air and inoculum from inside the culture medium and is convenient for transportation in factory production.

Traditionally, mushrooms such as shiitake, shimeji, nameko, wood ear fungus, and maitake are grown by inoculating seed fungi onto natural scaffolding made by cutting down trees, culturing the fungus in a medium in a natural environment, ripening it, and drying it at low temperatures. Since we had to take care of everything from mushroom initiation, sprouting, and mushroom growth, it took at least two years from inoculation with the fungus to harvesting the mushrooms, and it took about five years to complete the harvesting of the mushrooms from the natural scaffolding. It took years to complete the process, and productivity was extremely poor. Also, oak trees are often used for hodagi, but these days it has become difficult to obtain such logs, especially if the area where the logs grow is far from the mushroom production area, and transportation costs increase. The production cost of mushrooms will be high, and there is a risk that it will become unprofitable. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of producing mushrooms, it is necessary to establish a mushroom nursery in an area where logs are easily available, but in reality this is quite difficult. Also, mushrooms require a special environment to grow, and while a natural environment like Japan is fine, there are many areas where it is impossible to grow mushrooms, and in these areas, such as Hong Kong, However, there was an inconvenience in that it was not possible to naturally cultivate shiitake mushrooms even though there were many uses for fresh shiitake.

On the other hand, mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms have recently been welcomed in Western countries as health and beauty foods, and the demand for them is increasing year by year. For this reason, various proposals have been made regarding the composition of special culture media for artificial scaffolding in place of natural trees, but none of the conventional methods have succeeded in producing mushrooms in a factory.

This is research and development on the artificial #l tree and sterilization that is most suitable for mushroom factory production systems, sterilization of bacteria, cultivation of ripening, mushroom treatment, sprouting treatment, and artificially creating the optimal environment for mushroom growth. This is due to the fact that this was not done adequately.

The present invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned nine drawbacks of the prior art, and its purpose is to add rice bran, sprouts, etc. to inexpensive fibrous materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and pulp. Artificial scaffolds for mushrooms are created using a special medium containing appropriate amounts of nutrients necessary for mycelial propagation and mushroom growth, such as calcium carbonate (Ca COs ) and calcium sulfate (Ca804), and the purity of the medium is Culture, mature culture,
Mushroom production is carried out using a factory production method, with the process of sprouting, sprouting, growing, and harvesting being completed systematically, reliably, and in a short period of about 60 days under good conditions. This will greatly improve mushroom productivity, eliminate the need for the use of natural wood in mushroom cultivation, and allow mushroom production to be carried out anytime and anywhere. That's true.

Another purpose is to make culture medium raw materials cheap and easily available, and to eliminate the cost of transporting natural trees, thereby reducing production costs. Still another object is to be able to systematically produce a large amount of mushrooms in a short period of time by using a small amount of space (factory). Another purpose is to save labor by adopting a factory production method, so that workers only have to do light work. Another purpose of the artificial T1 tree is to incorporate a fixed core inside the artificial tree to make it easier to mount it on mobile containers, conveyors, etc., and to improve workability. The purpose is to increase the strength of the solder wood. Still another object is to make it possible to introduce the seed bacteria into the core of the medium by configuring the fixed core with a hollow member having a large number of small holes on the outer periphery, so that the seed bacteria can be introduced radially and quickly from the core. By making it possible to diffuse throughout the culture medium and supplying air to the core, it is possible to encourage the growth of aerobic bacteria and mushrooms, and also to be able to replenish nutrients from the core. , to promote the growth of bacterial species and mushrooms. A secondary object of the present invention is to provide an excellent fertilizer for bamboo shoots using the artificial #hills from which mushrooms have already been harvested, and to provide feed for bamboo shoots based on the composition of the medium. In short, the present invention involves forming a special medium in which fibrous material is appropriately supplemented with nutrients necessary for the propagation and growth of mycelia into a shape convenient for mycelial culture and mushroom production, and extending from the center of both ends to the sides. A system characterized in that a protruding fixed core is built in, the fixed core is made of a hollow member, and a large number of small holes are provided on the outer periphery of the part that is built in the culture medium. The present invention will be explained below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. 1st
In the figure, the artificial scaffolding 1 according to the present invention is made of rice bran, buds, calcium carbonate, which are necessary for the propagation of mycelia and the growth of mushrooms, on inexpensive fibrous materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and pulp. CaCOsJ, calcium sulfate (Ca 804
) is prepared by forming a special medium 2 into the shape of, for example, a tree, to which the mushrooms 3 are inoculated with a seed fungus, grown on an engineered scaffolding tree, and then harvested. It is designed to be completed by factory production in only about 60 days.It has a built-in fixed core 4 protruding from the center of both ends 1a of the artificial scaffolding 1, and is convenient for transportation during factory production. It is designed to be reinforced. and 150 to 250 per 10,100 O of culture medium with at least two harvests.
g of shiitake mushrooms can be obtained.

Next, the outline of the automatic production system for mushrooms 3 in a factory will be explained with reference to FIG. It will end in 15 days. Next, the mushrooming operation for generating mushrooms 30 is carried out for about 2 to 3 days in mushroom generation treatment step 7. This pressing operation is carried out in a dry state at a low temperature. Next, the sprouting process 8 is completed in 3 to 4 days, the growth process 9 of the mushrooms 3 is completed in 3 to 5 days, and the mushrooms 3 are harvested. During this period - rotational harvesting only takes about 60 days. Then, in order to regenerate mushrooms 3'1, artificial scaffolding 1 is used in mushroom sprouting process step 7.
It is only necessary to return to the original state and repeat the process after that, and two harvests are the most profitable.

Next, the preparation of the special medium 2 and the culture medium will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. First, as shown in FIG. ,
For example, it is packed in a container 12 with a cylindrical lid 12a, and the lid 1
2al and sealed as shown in Fig. 4, sterilized in kernel state, and then inoculated with original bacteria, and as shown in Fig. 5, a plurality of containers 12 are mounted on a shelf 13 and a culture tube is carried out. . In this case, the medium 2 adheres to the bacterial cells and solidifies in a short period of time due to the adhesive nature of the hyphae.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a fixed core 4, which is convenient for an automatic production system, is built in so as to protrude from both ends 2a of the medium 2 at the same time as the medium material 10 is packed into the container 12 or after the culture of the bacteria. In this case, the fixed core 4 attaches to the medium 2 or the fungal cells in a short period of time due to the fixation property of the hyphae, and serves as a fulcrum for the operation of the device and increases the strength of the artificial scaffold 1.

In addition, instead of pouring the culture medium 2 into the container 12 one after another and packing it, it is formed into the shape of the hodagi 1 by press processing and covered with a container made of a film such as polyethylene, so that the result is the same state as if it were packed into the container. It's okay. Therefore, in this specification, when "a culture medium is packed into a container",
This should be interpreted to include covering with a polyethylene film or the like after such press working.

When the culture of bacteria is completed, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the artificial skirting boards 1 are taken out, and as shown in FIG. 7, both ends 4a of the internal cores 40 are placed in the grooves 14a of the carrier wave fil 14, so that a plurality of them are mounted and subjected to a ripening process.

In addition, in the case where the fixed core 4 is equipped with seven hooks 4b,
It is also possible to vertically mount the artificial scaffolding 1 by suspending the seven hooks 4b from a rod member 15 extending through the groove 14a of the conveying device 14.

Next, the apparatus 18 for producing mushrooms 3 using the artificial scaffolding 1 as shown in FIG. The material 10 of the special medium 2 to which nutrients necessary for the propagation and growth of mycelium have been appropriately added is packed into a container 12 that will serve as an artificial scaffold 1 with a shape convenient for mycelial culture and mushroom production 3. First, a sterilization chamber 19 for sterilizing the medium 2 is provided, followed by a bacteria inoculation chamber 20 for inoculating the culture medium 2 with the original bacteria, and a sterilization chamber 19 for sterilizing the medium 2. A movement in which a bacterial culture chamber 21 containing a plurality of culture media 2 and cultured for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere and a plurality of artificial trees 1 extracted from the container 12 after bacterial culture are completed are mounted. A transportation device 14 such as a container or a conveyor, a ripening culture chamber 22 in which a plurality of artificial scaffoldings 1 brought in by the conveying device are cultured to maturity in a predetermined atmosphere for a certain period of time, and an artificial #1 which has been fully cultured. A mushroom processing chamber 2 in which the mushrooms 1 are transported by a transport device 14 and mushrooms 3 are processed in a low-temperature dry atmosphere.
3, a budding treatment room 24 where the artificial #yodagi 1 for which the mushroom sprouting process has been completed is brought in in the same manner as above and is subjected to sprouting treatment for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere, and an artificial #yodagi 1 for which the sprouting process has been completed.
The growth chamber 25 for mushrooms 3 is transported in the same manner as above and the mushrooms 3 are grown for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere, and the temperature of each of the above chambers,
It is equipped with an automatic control system (not shown) that controls humidity, temperature, ventilation, and lighting to maintain a predetermined atmosphere. It is configured to perform rotational harvesting in a short period of time.

Next, referring to FIGS. 12 to 17, the formation of the artificial scaffolding 1 and the fixing core 4 will be explained. As shown in FIG. A triangular fixed core 4B, a square cross-sectional fixed core 4C, and an X-shaped fixed core 4D are built in, respectively, and a polyethylene film (not shown) is placed around the culture medium 2, and the press 28 is pressed.
When pressed, the culture medium 2 becomes a cylindrical artificial scaffold 1, with a fixed core 4 built into it, and the outer periphery 1b and both ends 1a cut out of polyethylene film or the like.
The same result is obtained if the container 12 is filled. In the one shown in FIG. 13, a fixed core 4 in the shape of a round rod is passed through the medium 2 in the longitudinal direction and extends from both ends 2a of the medium 2. Note that the fixed core 4 may be attached either before or after the bacterial culture.

In the one shown in No. 14Iiii41, a stick-shaped fixed core 4 having a hook 4b is screwed into the culture medium 2 from both ends 2a.

The ones shown in #15 to 17 have a built-in hollow fixed core 4 with a large number of small holes 31 on the outer periphery 30, and the one shown in FIG. 15 has mushrooms 3 containing aerobic bacteria. Because of this, air can be pumped in radially from the core of the culture medium 2, and the one shown in Figure 16 has a hollow 11
A coffin-shaped, powdered or grain inoculum 32 is introduced into the fixed core 4, and both ends 4a are closed with plug members 33 such as caps or cotton plugs to perform the Okadamoto core rapid culture method. . In the one shown in FIG. 17, a conical and stick-shaped fixed core 4 is inserted from both ends 2a of the culture medium 2, and has many small holes 31.
It is constructed so that it can be used both as a ventilation hole and for diffusing 1N species.

The present invention is configured as described above, and its operation will be explained below. In Figs. 10 and 11, first we will explain the production of artificial scaffolding 1. We will explain the production of artificial scaffolding 1 by using inexpensive fiber materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and glue, which are necessary for the propagation of mycelia and the growth of mushrooms 3. Rice bran, sprouts, calcium carbonate (CaC03), calcium sulfate (CaS
The material 10 of the special medium 2 to which nutritional substances such as 04) have been appropriately added is placed in a polyethylene container, a glass bottle, a bag, etc., in a shape suitable for cultivating mycelium and producing mushrooms 3, to form an artificial #1 nightshade tree. The special culture medium 2 is packed into a container 12 or, as shown in FIG. 12, is press-molded and covered with a polyethylene film or the like to complete the sealed special culture medium 2. Further, at this time, a fixed core 4 made of an inner wall member with a large number of small holes 31 provided on the outer periphery as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 is built into the culture medium 2.

Next, go to the box grafting room 20 and inoculate seeds such as shiitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, wood ear fungi, and maitake mushrooms.

In this case, if the fixed core 4 has a large number of small holes 31 on the outer periphery 30 as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17,
Introduce Hinoki #i32 into the fixed core 4 and insert the both ends 4 of the fixed core 4.
A may be based on the plug member 33.

After inoculating the seed bacteria in this way, the medium 2 packed in the container 12 is carried into the bacterial culture room 18, and 3.3
Holds approximately 5,000 combs, temperature 25-0, humidity 7
A pure culture of the bacteria is carried out at 5% for 30 days. This causes the inoculated bacteria to spread throughout the medium 2. Hollow fixed core 4
When the inoculum 32 is introduced, the bacteria quickly diffuses into the medium 2 in a radial manner through the small holes 31, as shown in FIG. 16, and spreads throughout the medium 2.

Next, the artificial footboard 1 is taken out from the container 12, and the conveyor w,
14, the cocoon is hung vertically using the fixed core 4 and carried into the ripening culture chamber 22, where it is cultured for 15 days at a temperature of 25"O and a humidity of 65%. As a result, the cocoon threads are It is spread over the entire medium 2, the medium 2 of the artificial #1 tree 1 is firmly solidified, and the fixed core 4 is also firmly fixed to the medium 2.

Next, the bare wood 1 is carried into the mushroom processing chamber 23 by the transport device 14, and subjected to a barge operation in a low-temperature dry state for 2 to 3 days at a temperature of 5''3°C and a turbidity of 65 degrees. The condition of the sprouts of mushroom 3 is improved, and the strength of medium 2 is also increased.

Next, in the same manner, the artificial bare tree 1 is carried into the sprouting treatment chamber 24,
Here, sprouting treatment is performed for 3 to 4 days at a temperature of 17.4°C and a humidity of 85''*.As a result, sprouts 3a of the mushrooms 3 appear on the artificial scaffolding 1.

Finally, the artificial #1 stem 1 is carried into the growth chamber 25 for mushrooms 3 and grown there for 3 to 5 days at a temperature of 14"'O1 and humidity of 70". It can be grown and harvested.

The above one-turn harvest can be completed in a short time of only 60 days, which is 1/12 to 1/2 of the time required for natural cultivation, which takes 2 to 3 years.
The period will be shortened to 18.

In order to perform the second harvest, the artificial scaffolding 1 that has been harvested for the -th time is returned to the mushroom processing room 23 by the transport device *14, and the mushroom processing process is repeated. Harvesting after the third rotation is not impossible, but the yield will be significantly reduced, so it will only be profitable after the second rotation.

゛ With the above double harvest, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, 101 artificial stems and 10,100 O of culture medium were obtained! 150-250g
You can get 3 tons of mushrooms.

After harvesting the mushrooms 3, the artificial baseboard 1 is used repeatedly with the fixed core 4 removed, as shown in FIG.
It can be shipped to horticulture farmers as an excellent fungal fertilizer, and depending on the culture medium composition, it can also be shipped to livestock farmers as a good seed feed.

In addition, when the mushroom 3 is a shimeji mushroom, the adhesion force of the mycelia to the fixed core 4 is very large, so it is desirable to double the fixed core 4. In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, the fixed core 4
If you make it hollow and blow air into it, you will get 3 mushrooms.
Since the bacteria are aerobic, each step of the process can be carried out smoothly and good results can be obtained, and nutrients can also be introduced. Note that the shape of the artificial footboard 1 is not limited to the cylindrical shape shown in the figure. Moreover, the artificial bare tree 1 can also be used for ornamental purposes.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce mushrooms 3 such as shiitake mushrooms in a factory, and it is possible to artificially cultivate mushrooms 3 economically regardless of the climate or the presence or absence of logs. It is what it is.

Since the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, an artificial #1 mushroom tree is created using a special medium,
Pure culture of the medium, mature culture, mushroom sprouting treatment, sprouting treatment, growth of mushrooms, and harvesting can be completed under good conditions, systematically, reliably, and in a short period of 60 days. The revolutionary effect is that production can be carried out using a factory production method. This also greatly improves mushroom productivity and eliminates the need to use natural scaffolding for mushroom cultivation, making it possible to produce mushrooms anytime and anywhere, regardless of climate. You can get the desired effect.

In addition, since the material for the medium can be inexpensive sawdust or the like, it is inexpensive, and the expense required for transporting logs is not required, so it is possible to reduce the production cost of mushrooms.

Furthermore, by using a small amount of space (a factory), a large amount of mushrooms can be produced in a planned manner in a short period of time, and by adopting a factory production method, it is possible to save labor and reduce the amount of labor required by workers. It has the effect of In addition, the artificial scaffolding has a built-in fixing core that can be easily applied to conveying equipment, making it easy to mount it on mobile containers, conveyors, etc. This improves work efficiency and increases the strength of the artificial scaffolding. . Furthermore, since the fixed core is constructed from a hollow member with a large number of small holes on the outer periphery, it is possible to introduce the seed bacteria into the core of the medium, and from the core radially and rapidly spread throughout the medium. Since the diffusion effect i= can be obtained and air can be supplied to the core, it is possible to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria and mushrooms, and furthermore, nutrients can be supplied from the core. Therefore, the effect of promoting the growth of bacterial species and mushrooms can be obtained.

In addition, as a secondary effect, an excellent fungal fertilizer can be provided by the artificial mushroom tree that has been harvested, and depending on the culture medium composition, a good seed feed can be provided, which is an extremely industrially effective invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the state in which shiitake mushrooms are grown on an artificial #1 tree, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process in the factory production of mushrooms, and Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the medium packed in a container, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the state in which materials for the special culture medium are packed, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the medium packed in a container.Fig. A perspective view showing the state in which
No. 61 is an exploded perspective view showing the state in which the artificial skirting board has been removed from the container, FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the artificial bare tree shown in FIG.
Figure 11 is a perspective view including an exploded perspective view of a container showing the steps from manufacturing artificial scaffolding to completion of mushroom harvesting; Figures 12 to 17 are Figure 12 is a front view showing the state of forming the artificial skirting board by press working, and Fig.
Figure 3 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of an artificial skirting board with a built-in expanded rod-shaped fixing core, and Figure 14 is a stay with a hook. Fig. 15 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of an artificial t1 frame with a built-in fixing core of a hollow member, and an M2C diagram is a perspective longitudinal sectional view of an artificial frame with a built-in fixing core of a hollow member. Figure 17 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view showing the state in which the inoculum is introduced into the fixed core and the bacteria diffuse from the core into the culture medium. FIG. 2 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of a tree. 1 is an artificial baseboard, 1a is both ends of the artificial baseboard, 2 is a special medium, 3 is a mushroom, 4 is a fixed core, 30 is the outer periphery of the fixed core, 31
is a small hole. Patent Applicant: Tsukui Gata Mushroom Research Institute, Southern Limited Company, Patent Attorney: 1) Kazuo Figure 10 Figure 11

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] l A special medium in which nutrient substances necessary for propagation and growth of hyphae are appropriately added to fibrous material is formed into a shape convenient for hyphae culture and mushroom production, and is formed from the center of both ends to the sides. A mushroom having a built-in fixed core that protrudes in the direction, the fixed core being made of a hollow member, and having a large number of small holes provided on the outer periphery of the part that is built in the medium. Artificial bare tree. 2. The artificial mushroom tree according to claim 1, wherein the fixed core made of the hollow member penetrates the medium. 3. The fixed core made of the hollow member is formed in a conical shape,
2. The artificial mushroom stand according to claim 1, which is inserted into the medium from both ends of the medium to the middle of the medium.