JPS5820115A - Artificial culture log of mushroom - Google Patents
Artificial culture log of mushroomInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5820115A JPS5820115A JP56116606A JP11660681A JPS5820115A JP S5820115 A JPS5820115 A JP S5820115A JP 56116606 A JP56116606 A JP 56116606A JP 11660681 A JP11660681 A JP 11660681A JP S5820115 A JPS5820115 A JP S5820115A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- artificial
- mushroom
- mushrooms
- fixed core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、茸の人工はだ木に係り、特に該#魯だ木を構
成する培地の内部に外周に多数の小孔を設けた中空の固
定芯を内蔵し、培地の内部から空気や種菌を送シ込むこ
とができ、また工場生産における搬送に便利な茸の人工
はだ木に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an artificial scaffolding for mushrooms, and in particular, a hollow fixed core with a large number of small holes provided on the outer periphery is built into the inside of the medium constituting the mushroom scaffolding, This invention relates to an artificial scaffolding for mushrooms that can introduce air and inoculum from inside the culture medium and is convenient for transportation in factory production.
従来、椎茸、シメジ、ナメコ、キクラゲ、マイタケ等の
茸類は、樹木を伐採して作る天然はだ木に種菌を接種し
て自然の環境下で菌の培地培養、完熟処理、低温乾燥下
における発茸処理、芽出し処理及び茸の生育のすべてを
行っていたため、菌の接種から茸の収穫に至るまで少な
くとも2年間を要し、天然はだ木からの茸の収穫が終了
するまでには5年間を要することもあシ、甚だ生産性が
悪かった。またほだ木には、楢の木が多用されるが、最
近ではこのような原木が入手難となっており、ことに原
木の生育地と茸の生産地が遠いと運搬費が嵩み、茸の生
産コスト−が高くなり、採算がとれないことにもなシか
ねない。従って、茸の生産コストを低減させるためには
、原木の入手し易い地域に茸の生育場を設ける必要があ
るが、現実にはこのようなことは相当困難である。また
茸の生育には特殊な環境が必要とされ、日本のような自
然環境であれば良いが、地域によっては茸の生育は不可
能であるところも多く、これらの地域、例えば香港等に
おいては、生椎葺のw要が多いにもかかわらず椎茸の天
然栽培ができないという不便があった。Traditionally, mushrooms such as shiitake, shimeji, nameko, wood ear fungus, and maitake are grown by inoculating seed fungi onto natural scaffolding made by cutting down trees, culturing the fungus in a medium in a natural environment, ripening it, and drying it at low temperatures. Since we had to take care of everything from mushroom initiation, sprouting, and mushroom growth, it took at least two years from inoculation with the fungus to harvesting the mushrooms, and it took about five years to complete the harvesting of the mushrooms from the natural scaffolding. It took years to complete the process, and productivity was extremely poor. Also, oak trees are often used for hodagi, but these days it has become difficult to obtain such logs, especially if the area where the logs grow is far from the mushroom production area, and transportation costs increase. The production cost of mushrooms will be high, and there is a risk that it will become unprofitable. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of producing mushrooms, it is necessary to establish a mushroom nursery in an area where logs are easily available, but in reality this is quite difficult. Also, mushrooms require a special environment to grow, and while a natural environment like Japan is fine, there are many areas where it is impossible to grow mushrooms, and in these areas, such as Hong Kong, However, there was an inconvenience in that it was not possible to naturally cultivate shiitake mushrooms even though there were many uses for fresh shiitake.
一方、最近では椎茸等の茸類が健康及び美容食として欧
米諸国でも歓迎されるようになシ、その需資は年々増大
している。このため、従来天然の樹木に代る人工はだ木
用の特殊培地の組成に関する提案が種々なされているが
、従来例で、茸の工場生産に成功した例は皆無である。On the other hand, mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms have recently been welcomed in Western countries as health and beauty foods, and the demand for them is increasing year by year. For this reason, various proposals have been made regarding the composition of special culture media for artificial scaffolding in place of natural trees, but none of the conventional methods have succeeded in producing mushrooms in a factory.
これは茸の工場生産システムに最適の人工#lだ木及び
殺菌、菌の接棟、完熟培養、発茸処理、芽出し処理及び
茸の生育に最適の環境を人工的に作ることについての研
究開発が十分になされなかったことに起因する。This is research and development on the artificial #l tree and sterilization that is most suitable for mushroom factory production systems, sterilization of bacteria, cultivation of ripening, mushroom treatment, sprouting treatment, and artificially creating the optimal environment for mushroom growth. This is due to the fact that this was not done adequately.
本発明は、上記し九従来技術の欠点を除くためになされ
たものであって、その目的とするところは、オガ屑、ワ
ラ、ピートモス、パルプ等の安価な繊維物質に、米ぬか
、はく芽、炭酸カルシウム(Ca COs )及び硫酸
カルシウム(Ca804)等の菌糸の繁殖と茸の生育に
必要とされる栄養物を適度に添加した特種培地によって
茸の人工はだ木を作成し、培地の純粋培養、完熟培養、
発茸処理、芽出し処理及び茸め生育、収穫までを良好な
条件下において、計画的に、確実に、しかも約60日と
いう短期間に完了できるようにし、茸類の生産を工場生
産方式で行うことができるようにすることであシ、また
これによって茸の生産性を大幅に向上させると共に茸栽
培における天然#lだ木の使用を不要とし、いつからで
もどこででも茸の生産が行えるようにすることである。The present invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned nine drawbacks of the prior art, and its purpose is to add rice bran, sprouts, etc. to inexpensive fibrous materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and pulp. Artificial scaffolds for mushrooms are created using a special medium containing appropriate amounts of nutrients necessary for mycelial propagation and mushroom growth, such as calcium carbonate (Ca COs ) and calcium sulfate (Ca804), and the purity of the medium is Culture, mature culture,
Mushroom production is carried out using a factory production method, with the process of sprouting, sprouting, growing, and harvesting being completed systematically, reliably, and in a short period of about 60 days under good conditions. This will greatly improve mushroom productivity, eliminate the need for the use of natural wood in mushroom cultivation, and allow mushroom production to be carried out anytime and anywhere. That's true.
また他の目的は、培地原料も安価で入手し易くし、天然
樹木の運搬に要した費用を不要として生産コストの低減
を図ることである。更に他の目的は、わずかな場所(工
場)の利用で、短時日にして多量の茸の生産が計画的に
行えるようにすることである。また他の目的は、工場生
産方式とすることによって省力化し、作業者の労働も軽
労働で済むようにすることである。史に他の目的は一人
工t1だ木の内部に搬送装置に適用し易い固定芯を内蔵
することによって、移動式コンテナやコンベア等に搭載
し易くし、作業性を向上させると共K、人工はだ木の強
度を増大させることである。更に他の目的は、該固定芯
を外周に多数の小孔を有する中空部材で構成することに
よって培地の芯部に種菌を導入することを可能にし、該
芯部から種菌が放射状にかつ迅速に培地全体に拡散する
ようにすると共に、芯部に空気を供給することができる
ようにすることで好気性菌である菌種及び茸の生育を助
長し、また芯部から栄養分を補給できるようにし、菌種
及び茸の生育を促進させることである。また本発明の副
次的な目的は、茸の収穫済の人工#丘だ木により優秀な
蕗肥料を提供し、培地組成によって祉良樵飼料を提供す
ることである。要するに本発明は、繊維物質に菌糸の繁
殖と生育に必要な栄養物質を適度に添加した特種培地を
菌糸培養と茸の生産に都合の良い形状に形成し、かつ両
端の中心部から側方に突出するようにした固定芯を内蔵
し、該固定芯は中空部材で構成されかつ前記培地に内蔵
される部分の外周には多数の小孔が設けられていること
を特徴とするものであるシ
以下本発明を図面に示す実施例に基いて説明する。第1
図において、本発明に係る人工はだ木1は、オガ屑、ワ
ラ、ピートモス、パルプ等の安価な繊維物質に菌糸の繁
殖と茸の生育に必要とされる米ぬか、はく芽、炭酸カル
シウム(CaCOsJ、硫酸カルシウム(Ca 804
)等の栄養物質を適度に添加した特種培地2を、例えば
樹木状に同社形状に形成して作成され、種菌の接種から
茸3を該人、工はだ木l上に生育させて収穫するまでわ
ずか60日程度で工場生産により終了するようにしたも
ので、人工はだ木1の両端1aの中心部から突出した固
定芯4を内蔵し、工場生産における搬送に都合が良くま
た培地2の補強ができるように構成されている。そして
最少二回の収穫で培地10100O当り150〜250
gの椎茸の収量が得られるものである。Another purpose is to make culture medium raw materials cheap and easily available, and to eliminate the cost of transporting natural trees, thereby reducing production costs. Still another object is to be able to systematically produce a large amount of mushrooms in a short period of time by using a small amount of space (factory). Another purpose is to save labor by adopting a factory production method, so that workers only have to do light work. Another purpose of the artificial T1 tree is to incorporate a fixed core inside the artificial tree to make it easier to mount it on mobile containers, conveyors, etc., and to improve workability. The purpose is to increase the strength of the solder wood. Still another object is to make it possible to introduce the seed bacteria into the core of the medium by configuring the fixed core with a hollow member having a large number of small holes on the outer periphery, so that the seed bacteria can be introduced radially and quickly from the core. By making it possible to diffuse throughout the culture medium and supplying air to the core, it is possible to encourage the growth of aerobic bacteria and mushrooms, and also to be able to replenish nutrients from the core. , to promote the growth of bacterial species and mushrooms. A secondary object of the present invention is to provide an excellent fertilizer for bamboo shoots using the artificial #hills from which mushrooms have already been harvested, and to provide feed for bamboo shoots based on the composition of the medium. In short, the present invention involves forming a special medium in which fibrous material is appropriately supplemented with nutrients necessary for the propagation and growth of mycelia into a shape convenient for mycelial culture and mushroom production, and extending from the center of both ends to the sides. A system characterized in that a protruding fixed core is built in, the fixed core is made of a hollow member, and a large number of small holes are provided on the outer periphery of the part that is built in the culture medium. The present invention will be explained below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. 1st
In the figure, the artificial scaffolding 1 according to the present invention is made of rice bran, buds, calcium carbonate, which are necessary for the propagation of mycelia and the growth of mushrooms, on inexpensive fibrous materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and pulp. CaCOsJ, calcium sulfate (Ca 804
) is prepared by forming a special medium 2 into the shape of, for example, a tree, to which the mushrooms 3 are inoculated with a seed fungus, grown on an engineered scaffolding tree, and then harvested. It is designed to be completed by factory production in only about 60 days.It has a built-in fixed core 4 protruding from the center of both ends 1a of the artificial scaffolding 1, and is convenient for transportation during factory production. It is designed to be reinforced. and 150 to 250 per 10,100 O of culture medium with at least two harvests.
g of shiitake mushrooms can be obtained.
次に第2図により茸3の工場における自動生産システム
について、その概略を説明すると、培地2の殺菌を終了
した後、培地培養工程5を約30日間で終了し、次いで
完熟処理工程6を約15日間で終了する。次に茸30発
生のためのしげき操作を発茸処理工程7で約2〜3日間
行う。このしげき操作は低温乾燥状態で行う。次いで芽
出し工程8を3〜4日間で終了し、茸3の生育工程9を
3〜5日間で終了し、茸3を収穫する。この間−回転収
穫には約60日を要するのみである。そして茸3′1に
再発生させるためには、人工はだ木1を発茸処理工程7
に戻し、該工程以後を繰シ返ぜばよく、二回の収穫が採
算ベースである。Next, the outline of the automatic production system for mushrooms 3 in a factory will be explained with reference to FIG. It will end in 15 days. Next, the mushrooming operation for generating mushrooms 30 is carried out for about 2 to 3 days in mushroom generation treatment step 7. This pressing operation is carried out in a dry state at a low temperature. Next, the sprouting process 8 is completed in 3 to 4 days, the growth process 9 of the mushrooms 3 is completed in 3 to 5 days, and the mushrooms 3 are harvested. During this period - rotational harvesting only takes about 60 days. Then, in order to regenerate mushrooms 3'1, artificial scaffolding 1 is used in mushroom sprouting process step 7.
It is only necessary to return to the original state and repeat the process after that, and two harvests are the most profitable.
次に第3図から第5図によシ特種培地2の作成及び培地
培養につき説明すると、まず第3図に示すように、上記
したような特種培地2の材料1゜を適当な器11から、
例えば円筒状の蓋12a付の容器12に詰め込み、蓋1
2alして第4図に示すように密閉し、仁の状態で殺菌
を行ってから原種菌を接種し、第5図に示すように複数
の容器12を棚13に搭載して培地培養管行う。この場
合、菌糸の固着性質によって培地2は短時日にして菌体
にゆ着して固化する。Next, the preparation of the special medium 2 and the culture medium will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. First, as shown in FIG. ,
For example, it is packed in a container 12 with a cylindrical lid 12a, and the lid 1
2al and sealed as shown in Fig. 4, sterilized in kernel state, and then inoculated with original bacteria, and as shown in Fig. 5, a plurality of containers 12 are mounted on a shelf 13 and a culture tube is carried out. . In this case, the medium 2 adheres to the bacterial cells and solidifies in a short period of time due to the adhesive nature of the hyphae.
また自動生産システムに都合のよい固定芯4を第6図に
示すように、培地材料10の容器12への詰込みと同時
又は菌培養の後に培地2の両端2aから突出するように
内蔵する。この場合、固定芯4は菌糸の固着性質によっ
て短時日にして培地2又は菌体にゆ着して機器操作上の
支点となると共に人工はだ木1の強度吃増大させる。Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a fixed core 4, which is convenient for an automatic production system, is built in so as to protrude from both ends 2a of the medium 2 at the same time as the medium material 10 is packed into the container 12 or after the culture of the bacteria. In this case, the fixed core 4 attaches to the medium 2 or the fungal cells in a short period of time due to the fixation property of the hyphae, and serves as a fulcrum for the operation of the device and increases the strength of the artificial scaffold 1.
なお培地2は容器12に順次流し込んで詰め込む代りに
プレス加工によりほだ木1の形状に成形、して、ポリエ
チレン等のフィルムからなる容器で被覆し、結果として
該容器に詰め込んだと同じ状態にしても良い。従って本
明細書で「培地を容器に詰め込む、]という場合には、
このようなプレス加工後ポリエチレンフィルム等で被覆
することも含むものと解釈すべきである。In addition, instead of pouring the culture medium 2 into the container 12 one after another and packing it, it is formed into the shape of the hodagi 1 by press processing and covered with a container made of a film such as polyethylene, so that the result is the same state as if it were packed into the container. It's okay. Therefore, in this specification, when "a culture medium is packed into a container",
This should be interpreted to include covering with a polyethylene film or the like after such press working.
菌の培養が終了すると、第6図に示すように、容器12
から人工はだ木1を抜き出し、第7図に示すように、内
定芯40両端4aを搬送波fil14の溝部14aに載
置することにより複数搭載して完熟処理を施す。When the culture of bacteria is completed, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the artificial skirting boards 1 are taken out, and as shown in FIG. 7, both ends 4a of the internal cores 40 are placed in the grooves 14a of the carrier wave fil 14, so that a plurality of them are mounted and subjected to a ripening process.
なお、固定芯4が7ツク4bを備えたものにあっては、
7ツク4bを搬送装置14の溝部14aに差し渡した棒
部材15に吊して人工はだ木1を縦形に搭載することも
できる。In addition, in the case where the fixed core 4 is equipped with seven hooks 4b,
It is also possible to vertically mount the artificial scaffolding 1 by suspending the seven hooks 4b from a rod member 15 extending through the groove 14a of the conveying device 14.
次に第1θ図によシ人工はだ木1による茸3の生産装置
18について説明すると、図示のような各工程又は室が
一つの工場の中に配置されるものであって、まず繊維物
質に菌糸の繁殖と生育に必賛な栄養物を適度に添加した
特種培地2の材料10を菌糸培養と茸3の生産に都合の
良い形状の人工はだ木1となるような容器12に詰め込
み、培地2の殺菌を行う培地2の詰込み殺菌室19が最
初に備えてあシ、以下順に培地2に原種菌を接種する菌
接種室20と、菌接種が終了し容器12に詰め込まれた
複数の培地2を収容し所定の雰囲気中で一定期間菌培養
を行うようにした菌培養室21と、菌培養が終了し容器
12から抜き出された複数の人工にだ木1を搭載する移
動式コンテナ、コンベア等の搬送装置14と、該搬送装
置により搬入される複数の人工はだ木1を所定の雰囲気
で一定期間完熟培養を行う完熟培養室22と、完熟培養
が終了した人工#1だ木1が搬送装置14によシ搬入さ
れ低温乾燥雰囲気で茸3の発茸処理を行う発茸処理室2
3と、発茸処理が終了した人工#よだ木1が上記と同様
に搬入され所定の雰囲気で一定期間芽出し処理を施す芽
出し処理室24と、芽出し処理が終了した人工はだ木1
が上記と同様に搬入され所定の雰囲気で一定期間茸3の
生育を行わせる茸3の生育室25と、上記各室の温度、
湿、度、換気及び採光を制御し所定の雰囲気に保つよう
にした自動制御装曾(図示せず)とを備えており、人工
はだ木1に茸3を生育させて工場生産によシー回転収穫
を短時日で行うように構成されている。Next, the apparatus 18 for producing mushrooms 3 using the artificial scaffolding 1 as shown in FIG. The material 10 of the special medium 2 to which nutrients necessary for the propagation and growth of mycelium have been appropriately added is packed into a container 12 that will serve as an artificial scaffold 1 with a shape convenient for mycelial culture and mushroom production 3. First, a sterilization chamber 19 for sterilizing the medium 2 is provided, followed by a bacteria inoculation chamber 20 for inoculating the culture medium 2 with the original bacteria, and a sterilization chamber 19 for sterilizing the medium 2. A movement in which a bacterial culture chamber 21 containing a plurality of culture media 2 and cultured for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere and a plurality of artificial trees 1 extracted from the container 12 after bacterial culture are completed are mounted. A transportation device 14 such as a container or a conveyor, a ripening culture chamber 22 in which a plurality of artificial scaffoldings 1 brought in by the conveying device are cultured to maturity in a predetermined atmosphere for a certain period of time, and an artificial #1 which has been fully cultured. A mushroom processing chamber 2 in which the mushrooms 1 are transported by a transport device 14 and mushrooms 3 are processed in a low-temperature dry atmosphere.
3, a budding treatment room 24 where the artificial #yodagi 1 for which the mushroom sprouting process has been completed is brought in in the same manner as above and is subjected to sprouting treatment for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere, and an artificial #yodagi 1 for which the sprouting process has been completed.
The growth chamber 25 for mushrooms 3 is transported in the same manner as above and the mushrooms 3 are grown for a certain period of time in a predetermined atmosphere, and the temperature of each of the above chambers,
It is equipped with an automatic control system (not shown) that controls humidity, temperature, ventilation, and lighting to maintain a predetermined atmosphere. It is configured to perform rotational harvesting in a short period of time.
次に第12図から第17図によシ、人工はだ木1の成形
と固定芯4について説明すると、第12図に示すように
、培地2の中心部に断面円形の固定芯4A、断面三角形
の固定芯4B、断面四角形の固定芯4C及び断面X字形
の固定芯4Dを夫々内蔵させ、培地2の周囲にはポリエ
チン製のフィルム(図示せず)咎を配置してプレス28
で抑圧成形すれば、培地2は円柱状の人工はだ木1とな
り、その内部には固定芯4が内蔵され、外周1b及び両
端1aはポリエチレン類のフィルム等により抜機され、
容器12に詰められたと同じ結果が得られる。第13図
に示すものは、丸棒状の固定芯4を培地2の長手方向に
貫通させ、培地2の両端2aから矢出させたものである
。なおこの固定芯4の装着は菌培養の前後いずれで行り
てもよい。Next, referring to FIGS. 12 to 17, the formation of the artificial scaffolding 1 and the fixing core 4 will be explained. As shown in FIG. A triangular fixed core 4B, a square cross-sectional fixed core 4C, and an X-shaped fixed core 4D are built in, respectively, and a polyethylene film (not shown) is placed around the culture medium 2, and the press 28 is pressed.
When pressed, the culture medium 2 becomes a cylindrical artificial scaffold 1, with a fixed core 4 built into it, and the outer periphery 1b and both ends 1a cut out of polyethylene film or the like.
The same result is obtained if the container 12 is filled. In the one shown in FIG. 13, a fixed core 4 in the shape of a round rod is passed through the medium 2 in the longitudinal direction and extends from both ends 2a of the medium 2. Note that the fixed core 4 may be attached either before or after the bacterial culture.
第14Iii41に示すものは、フック4bを有するス
ティック状の固定芯4を培地2の両端2aからねじ込ん
で装着したものである。In the one shown in No. 14Iiii41, a stick-shaped fixed core 4 having a hook 4b is screwed into the culture medium 2 from both ends 2a.
#15図から第17図に示すものは、外周30に多数の
小孔31が設けられた中空の固定芯4を内蔵したもので
、第15図に示すものは、茸3が好気性菌であるために
培地2の芯部から放射状に空気を送シ込むことができる
ようにしたもので、第16図に示すものは、中空の11
定芯4の中に柩状、粉末又は穀粒種菌32を導入し、両
端4aをキャップ又は綿栓等の栓部材33で塞ぎ、#丘
だ本芯部迅速培養法を行うためのものでおる。第17図
に示すものは、円錐状かつスティック状の固定芯4を培
地2の両端2aから差し込んだもので、多数の小孔31
扛通気孔としても、また1N種の拡散用としても使用す
ることができるように構成されている。The ones shown in #15 to 17 have a built-in hollow fixed core 4 with a large number of small holes 31 on the outer periphery 30, and the one shown in FIG. 15 has mushrooms 3 containing aerobic bacteria. Because of this, air can be pumped in radially from the core of the culture medium 2, and the one shown in Figure 16 has a hollow 11
A coffin-shaped, powdered or grain inoculum 32 is introduced into the fixed core 4, and both ends 4a are closed with plug members 33 such as caps or cotton plugs to perform the Okadamoto core rapid culture method. . In the one shown in FIG. 17, a conical and stick-shaped fixed core 4 is inserted from both ends 2a of the culture medium 2, and has many small holes 31.
It is constructed so that it can be used both as a ventilation hole and for diffusing 1N species.
本発明は、上記のように構成されており、以下その作用
について説明する。第10図及び第11図において、ま
ず人工はだ木1の製造について説明すると、オガ屑、ワ
ラ、ピートモス、ノ(ルプ等の安価な繊維物質に菌糸の
繁殖と茸3の生育に必要とされる米ぬか、はく芽、炭酸
カルシウム(CaC03)、硫酸カルシウム(Ca S
04 )等の栄養物質を適度に添加した特種培地2の
材料10を、ポリエチレン容器、ガラス瓶、袋等の菌糸
培養と茸3の生産に都合の良い形状の人工#よだ木1と
なるような容器12に詰め込み、又は第12図に示すよ
うに特種培地2をプレス加工にょう成形してポリエチレ
ンフィルム等で被覆して密閉された特種培地2が完成す
る。またこの際第15図から第17図に示すような外周
に多数の小孔31が設けられた中壁部材からなる固定芯
4を培地2に内蔵させる。The present invention is configured as described above, and its operation will be explained below. In Figs. 10 and 11, first we will explain the production of artificial scaffolding 1. We will explain the production of artificial scaffolding 1 by using inexpensive fiber materials such as sawdust, straw, peat moss, and glue, which are necessary for the propagation of mycelia and the growth of mushrooms 3. Rice bran, sprouts, calcium carbonate (CaC03), calcium sulfate (CaS
The material 10 of the special medium 2 to which nutritional substances such as 04) have been appropriately added is placed in a polyethylene container, a glass bottle, a bag, etc., in a shape suitable for cultivating mycelium and producing mushrooms 3, to form an artificial #1 nightshade tree. The special culture medium 2 is packed into a container 12 or, as shown in FIG. 12, is press-molded and covered with a polyethylene film or the like to complete the sealed special culture medium 2. Further, at this time, a fixed core 4 made of an inner wall member with a large number of small holes 31 provided on the outer periphery as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 is built into the culture medium 2.
次に函接櫨室20に2いて、椎茸、シメジ、ナメコ、キ
クラゲ、マイタケ等の種菌を接纜する。Next, go to the box grafting room 20 and inoculate seeds such as shiitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, wood ear fungi, and maitake mushrooms.
この場曾、固定芯4が第15図から第17図に示すよう
に外周30に多数の小孔31を設けたものにあっては、
固定芯4の中に檜#i32を導入して固定芯4の両端4
aを栓部材33で基いでおけばよい。In this case, if the fixed core 4 has a large number of small holes 31 on the outer periphery 30 as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17,
Introduce Hinoki #i32 into the fixed core 4 and insert the both ends 4 of the fixed core 4.
A may be based on the plug member 33.
このようにして種菌の接種が終了したら、容器12に詰
め込まれた培地2を菌培養室18内に搬入し、3.3
m’当クシ約5000本収容、温度25−”0、湿度7
5%にて30日間菌の純粋培養を行う。これによって接
種された菌は培地2の全体に拡散する。中空の固定芯4
に種菌32を導入した場合には、菌が小孔31を通って
、第16図に示すように放射状に培地2内に迅速に拡散
し、培地2の全体に行き渡る。After inoculating the seed bacteria in this way, the medium 2 packed in the container 12 is carried into the bacterial culture room 18, and 3.3
Holds approximately 5,000 combs, temperature 25-0, humidity 7
A pure culture of the bacteria is carried out at 5% for 30 days. This causes the inoculated bacteria to spread throughout the medium 2. Hollow fixed core 4
When the inoculum 32 is introduced, the bacteria quickly diffuses into the medium 2 in a radial manner through the small holes 31, as shown in FIG. 16, and spreads throughout the medium 2.
次に人工はだ木1を容器12から抜き出し、搬送装w、
14に、固定芯4を利用して例えば縦形に吊して搭載し
、完熟培養室22内に搬入し、ここで温度25”O,湿
度65%で15日間完熟培養を行う。これによって繭糸
が培地2全体に絋散し、人工#1だ木1の培地2はしつ
かシと固まり、固定芯4も培地2に確実に固着される。Next, the artificial footboard 1 is taken out from the container 12, and the conveyor w,
14, the cocoon is hung vertically using the fixed core 4 and carried into the ripening culture chamber 22, where it is cultured for 15 days at a temperature of 25"O and a humidity of 65%. As a result, the cocoon threads are It is spread over the entire medium 2, the medium 2 of the artificial #1 tree 1 is firmly solidified, and the fixed core 4 is also firmly fixed to the medium 2.
次いで搬送装置14によ)はだ木1を発茸処理室23に
搬入し、温度5″3℃、濁度65チにて2〜3日間低温
乾燥状態でしけき操作を与える。これによって茸3の芽
ぶきの状態が良くなり、また培地2の強度も増大する。Next, the bare wood 1 is carried into the mushroom processing chamber 23 by the transport device 14, and subjected to a barge operation in a low-temperature dry state for 2 to 3 days at a temperature of 5''3°C and a turbidity of 65 degrees. The condition of the sprouts of mushroom 3 is improved, and the strength of medium 2 is also increased.
次に同様に人工はだ木1を芽出し処理室24に搬入し、
ここで温度17i4℃、湿度85”*にて3〜4日間芽
出し処理を行う。これによって、人工はだ木1に茸3の
芽3aが出て来る。Next, in the same manner, the artificial bare tree 1 is carried into the sprouting treatment chamber 24,
Here, sprouting treatment is performed for 3 to 4 days at a temperature of 17.4°C and a humidity of 85''*.As a result, sprouts 3a of the mushrooms 3 appear on the artificial scaffolding 1.
そして最後に人工#1だ木1を茸3の生育室25に搬入
し、ここで温[14”’O1湿度70”嘩にて3〜5日
間生育させると、茸3は図示のように十分に生育し、収
穫することができる。Finally, the artificial #1 stem 1 is carried into the growth chamber 25 for mushrooms 3 and grown there for 3 to 5 days at a temperature of 14"'O1 and humidity of 70". It can be grown and harvested.
以上の一回転収穫は、わずか60日という短時日で終了
し、天然栽培における2〜3年に比べて1/12〜1/
18 の期間に短縮される。The above one-turn harvest can be completed in a short time of only 60 days, which is 1/12 to 1/2 of the time required for natural cultivation, which takes 2 to 3 years.
The period will be shortened to 18.
二回目の収穫を行うには、−回目の収穫が終った人工は
だ木1を搬送装置*14によって発茸処理室23へ戻し
、発茸処理工程以彼を繰り返せばよい。三回転以降の収
穫も不可能ではないが、収量が大幅に減るので、採算ベ
ースに乗るのは二回転までである。In order to perform the second harvest, the artificial scaffolding 1 that has been harvested for the -th time is returned to the mushroom processing room 23 by the transport device *14, and the mushroom processing process is repeated. Harvesting after the third rotation is not impossible, but the yield will be significantly reduced, so it will only be profitable after the second rotation.
゛ 以上の二回転収穫によって、椎茸の場合人工はだ木
101本当り、培地10100O!で150〜250g
の茸3t−得ることができる。゛ With the above double harvest, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, 101 artificial stems and 10,100 O of culture medium were obtained! 150-250g
You can get 3 tons of mushrooms.
茸3の収穫を終了した人工はだ木1は、第11図に示す
ように、固定芯4は抜き去って反復使用され、はだ木1
のみを優秀な菌肥料として園芸農家等に出荷でき、また
培地組成によっては、可食のものもあるので、良種飼料
として畜産農家に出荷することもできる。After harvesting the mushrooms 3, the artificial baseboard 1 is used repeatedly with the fixed core 4 removed, as shown in FIG.
It can be shipped to horticulture farmers as an excellent fungal fertilizer, and depending on the culture medium composition, it can also be shipped to livestock farmers as a good seed feed.
なお、茸3がシメジの場合には、固定芯4に対する菌糸
の固着力が非常に大きいので固定芯4を二重にしておく
ことが望ましい。また第15図に示すように、固定芯4
を中空として、その中に空気を送シ込んでおくと、茸3
の菌は好気性菌であるため、各工程における処理が順調
に行われ、良い結果を得ることができまた栄養物を導入
することもできる。なお人工はだ木1の形状は、図示の
円柱状のものに限定されるものではない。また人工はだ
木1は観賞用としても利用することができる。In addition, when the mushroom 3 is a shimeji mushroom, the adhesion force of the mycelia to the fixed core 4 is very large, so it is desirable to double the fixed core 4. In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, the fixed core 4
If you make it hollow and blow air into it, you will get 3 mushrooms.
Since the bacteria are aerobic, each step of the process can be carried out smoothly and good results can be obtained, and nutrients can also be introduced. Note that the shape of the artificial footboard 1 is not limited to the cylindrical shape shown in the figure. Moreover, the artificial bare tree 1 can also be used for ornamental purposes.
以上のように、本発明によれば、椎茸等の茸3の工場生
産が可能となるものであり、気候風土又は原木の有無に
関係なく、しかも経済的に茸3の人工栽培ができるよう
になるものである。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce mushrooms 3 such as shiitake mushrooms in a factory, and it is possible to artificially cultivate mushrooms 3 economically regardless of the climate or the presence or absence of logs. It is what it is.
本発明は、上記のように構成され、作用す゛るものであ
るから、特種培地によって茸の人工#1だ木を作成し、
培地の純粋培養、完熟培養、発茸処理、芽出し処理及び
茸の生育、収穫までを良好な条件下において、計画的に
、確実に、しかも60日という短期間に完了することが
でき、茸類の生産を工場生産方式で行うことができると
いう画期的な効果が得られる。またこれによって、茸の
生産性を大幅に向上させることができると共に茸栽培に
おける天然はだ木の使用が不要となり、気候風土に関係
なく、いつからでもどこででも茸の生産が行えるように
することができる効果が得られる。Since the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, an artificial #1 mushroom tree is created using a special medium,
Pure culture of the medium, mature culture, mushroom sprouting treatment, sprouting treatment, growth of mushrooms, and harvesting can be completed under good conditions, systematically, reliably, and in a short period of 60 days. The revolutionary effect is that production can be carried out using a factory production method. This also greatly improves mushroom productivity and eliminates the need to use natural scaffolding for mushroom cultivation, making it possible to produce mushrooms anytime and anywhere, regardless of climate. You can get the desired effect.
また培地原料は安価なオガ屑等で良いから安上りであシ
、しかも原木の運搬に要した費用が不要となるので茸の
生産コストの低減を図ることができる効果が得られる。In addition, since the material for the medium can be inexpensive sawdust or the like, it is inexpensive, and the expense required for transporting logs is not required, so it is possible to reduce the production cost of mushrooms.
更には、わずかな場所(工場)の利用で短時日にして多
量の茸の生産が計画的に行えると共に、工場生産方式と
したことによって、省力化が図れ、作業者の労働も軽労
働で済むようになる効果がある。また人工はだ木の内部
に搬送装置に適用し易い固定芯を内蔵したので移動式コ
ンテナやコンベア等に搭載し易く、従って作業性が向上
し、人工はだ木の強度を増大させることができる。更に
また固定芯を外周に多数の小孔を有する中空部材で構成
したので、培地の芯部に種菌を導入することが可能とな
り、該芯部から鴇薗〃;放射状にかつ迅速に培地全体に
拡散する効果i=得られ、また芯部に空気を供給するこ
ともできるので好気性菌である菌種及び茸の生育を助長
することができ、更には芯部から栄養分を補給すること
もできるので菌種及び茸の生育を促進させることができ
る効果が得られる。Furthermore, by using a small amount of space (a factory), a large amount of mushrooms can be produced in a planned manner in a short period of time, and by adopting a factory production method, it is possible to save labor and reduce the amount of labor required by workers. It has the effect of In addition, the artificial scaffolding has a built-in fixing core that can be easily applied to conveying equipment, making it easy to mount it on mobile containers, conveyors, etc. This improves work efficiency and increases the strength of the artificial scaffolding. . Furthermore, since the fixed core is constructed from a hollow member with a large number of small holes on the outer periphery, it is possible to introduce the seed bacteria into the core of the medium, and from the core radially and rapidly spread throughout the medium. Since the diffusion effect i= can be obtained and air can be supplied to the core, it is possible to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria and mushrooms, and furthermore, nutrients can be supplied from the core. Therefore, the effect of promoting the growth of bacterial species and mushrooms can be obtained.
また副次的な効果として、茸の収穫済の人工#まだ木に
より優秀な菌肥料が提供でき、培地組成によっては良種
飼料が提供できるもので、産業上その効果の極めて大な
る発明である。In addition, as a secondary effect, an excellent fungal fertilizer can be provided by the artificial mushroom tree that has been harvested, and depending on the culture medium composition, a good seed feed can be provided, which is an extremely industrially effective invention.
図面り本発明の実施例に係シ、第1図は人工#lだ木に
椎茸が生育した状態を示す斜視図、第2図は茸の工場生
産における工程概略図、第3図は容器に特種培地の材料
を詰め込んでいる状態を示す斜視図、第4図は容器に詰
め込まれた培地の斜視図、第5図は複数の人工はだ木を
棚に載置して完熟培養を行っている状態を示j斜視図、
第61は容器から人工はだ木を抜き取った状態を示す分
解斜視図、第7図は人工はだ木を搬送装置に搭載した状
態を示す斜視図、第8図はフ、り付の固定芯を内蔵した
人工はだ木の斜視図、第9図は第8図に示す人工はだ木
を搬送装置に吊して搭載した状態を示す斜視図、第10
図は茸の生産装置の要部配置図、第11図は人工はだ木
の製造から茸の収穫完了までを示す容器の分解斜視図を
含む斜視図、第12図から納17図は人工はだ木の製造
方法及び各種の固定芯を示す図でめシ、第12図はプレ
ス加工による人工はだ木の成形状態を示す正面図、第1
3図拡充棒状の固定芯を内蔵した人工はだ木の斜視縦断
面図、第14図はフック付のスティ。
り式固定芯を内蔵した人工t1だ木の斜視縦断面図、第
15図は中空部材の固定芯を内蔵した人工はだ木の斜視
縦断面図、M2C図れ第15図に示す人工はだ木の固定
芯内に種菌、を導入し芯部から培地へ
に菌が拡散して行く状態を示す斜視縦断面図、第17図
れスティック式の中空固定芯に種菌を導入した状態を示
す人工はだ木の斜視縦断面図である。
1は人工はだ木、1aは人工はだ木の両端部、2は特種
培地、3は茸、4は固定芯、30は固定芯の外周、31
は小孔である。
特許出願人 南限会社津久井桁茸研究所代理人 弁理
士 内 1)和 男
第10図
第11図Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the state in which shiitake mushrooms are grown on an artificial #1 tree, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process in the factory production of mushrooms, and Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the medium packed in a container, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the state in which materials for the special culture medium are packed, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the medium packed in a container.Fig. A perspective view showing the state in which
No. 61 is an exploded perspective view showing the state in which the artificial skirting board has been removed from the container, FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the artificial bare tree shown in FIG.
Figure 11 is a perspective view including an exploded perspective view of a container showing the steps from manufacturing artificial scaffolding to completion of mushroom harvesting; Figures 12 to 17 are Figure 12 is a front view showing the state of forming the artificial skirting board by press working, and Fig.
Figure 3 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of an artificial skirting board with a built-in expanded rod-shaped fixing core, and Figure 14 is a stay with a hook. Fig. 15 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of an artificial t1 frame with a built-in fixing core of a hollow member, and an M2C diagram is a perspective longitudinal sectional view of an artificial frame with a built-in fixing core of a hollow member. Figure 17 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view showing the state in which the inoculum is introduced into the fixed core and the bacteria diffuse from the core into the culture medium. FIG. 2 is a perspective vertical cross-sectional view of a tree. 1 is an artificial baseboard, 1a is both ends of the artificial baseboard, 2 is a special medium, 3 is a mushroom, 4 is a fixed core, 30 is the outer periphery of the fixed core, 31
is a small hole. Patent Applicant: Tsukui Gata Mushroom Research Institute, Southern Limited Company, Patent Attorney: 1) Kazuo Figure 10 Figure 11
Claims (1)
度に添加した特種培地を菌糸培養と茸の生産に都合の良
い形状に形成し、かつ両端の中心部から側方に突出する
ようにした固定芯を内蔵し、該固定芯は中空部材で構成
されかつ前記培地に内蔵される部分の外周には多数の小
孔が設けられていることを特徴とする茸の人工はだ木。 2 前記中空部材からなる固定芯が前記培地を貫通して
いることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の茸の
人工はだ木。 3 前記中空部材からなる固定芯が円錐形に形成され、
前記培地の両端から前記培地の途中まで差込み内蔵され
ていることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の茸
の人工はだ木。[Scope of Claims] l A special medium in which nutrient substances necessary for propagation and growth of hyphae are appropriately added to fibrous material is formed into a shape convenient for hyphae culture and mushroom production, and is formed from the center of both ends to the sides. A mushroom having a built-in fixed core that protrudes in the direction, the fixed core being made of a hollow member, and having a large number of small holes provided on the outer periphery of the part that is built in the medium. Artificial bare tree. 2. The artificial mushroom tree according to claim 1, wherein the fixed core made of the hollow member penetrates the medium. 3. The fixed core made of the hollow member is formed in a conical shape,
2. The artificial mushroom stand according to claim 1, which is inserted into the medium from both ends of the medium to the middle of the medium.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56116606A JPS5820115A (en) | 1981-07-25 | 1981-07-25 | Artificial culture log of mushroom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56116606A JPS5820115A (en) | 1981-07-25 | 1981-07-25 | Artificial culture log of mushroom |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5820115A true JPS5820115A (en) | 1983-02-05 |
Family
ID=14691321
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP56116606A Pending JPS5820115A (en) | 1981-07-25 | 1981-07-25 | Artificial culture log of mushroom |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5820115A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02268622A (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-11-02 | Kazuki Ono | Culture of mushroom |
JPH05211819A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-24 | Mizushi Fujimoto | Culture medium for mushrooms forming mycorrhiza |
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JPS50121044A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1975-09-22 | ||
JPS5167782A (en) * | 1974-11-02 | 1976-06-11 | Mikofuarumu G Fuyuuru Pirutsuk | |
JPS5470953A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1979-06-07 | Tomokichi Yamazaki | *kinoko* cultivating method and container using raw log shaped culturing base having core rod |
JPS5635914A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-08 | Ito Shiyouichi | Maitake *mushroom* cultivation |
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1981
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JPS50121044A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1975-09-22 | ||
JPS5167782A (en) * | 1974-11-02 | 1976-06-11 | Mikofuarumu G Fuyuuru Pirutsuk | |
JPS5470953A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1979-06-07 | Tomokichi Yamazaki | *kinoko* cultivating method and container using raw log shaped culturing base having core rod |
JPS5635914A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-08 | Ito Shiyouichi | Maitake *mushroom* cultivation |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02268622A (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-11-02 | Kazuki Ono | Culture of mushroom |
JPH05211819A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-24 | Mizushi Fujimoto | Culture medium for mushrooms forming mycorrhiza |
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