JPS63135718A - Ignition and monitor device for burner - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a method for realizing the ignition of a burner used for liquid, gaseous, and pulverized fuels and the safety engineering evaluation of the flame of the burner. Regarding equipment. Preferred fields of application are reactors for the gasification of pulverized fuels under pressure, and reactors for the production of synthesis gas based on the gasification of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION High voltage ignition is generally known in which the burner is ignited using an ignition electrode, which in most cases is provided in a special ignition burner or ignition lance. F2307
No. 2,812,863 proposes a burner ignition device which also operates on the high-voltage ignition principle but is integrated into the burner.

However, this, as well as all other known high-voltage igniters, are suitable for burners for vessels that are either unpressurized or under only a slight overpressure at the moment of ignition. only suitable. This is based on the fact that only a relatively small amount of ignitable gas/air mixture can be ignited. An increase in medium velocity or pressure has a negative impact on ignition reliability. One of the essential disadvantages compared to complete laser ignition is that the electrodes are susceptible to wear and tear and the replacement of the electrodes, which are integrated into the burner, is very laborious. be.

West German patent DE 2924910 proposes a laser-ignited spark plug, which transmits its laser beam, after it has been produced in a pulsed laser, through a light-conducting member to a condensing optical member and a quartz crystal. It is guided to a glass rod and then focused inside the combustion chamber. This device is not suitable for igniting a burner, since high energy is required for this purpose, which could lead to destruction of the structural elements that guide the laser beam. The use of various light-conducting elements thereon and the use of quartz glass rods for laser beam guidance lead to a reduction in power output, whereby insufficient energy is available for ignition of the burner at its focal point. It will be.

An ignition device for combustion engines is known from DE 3129919 C2, in which a semiconductor laser consisting of a stack of several laser diode platelets generates the laser beam. Ignition of the burner is not possible due to the approximately 100 millijoules of energy generated at the focus. Moreover, both of these patents are not pressure-resistant and have structural conditions unsuitable for ignition of the burner at the entrance of the laser beam into the combustion chamber. This is because the optical element at this entrance would quickly become contaminated by the combustion process.

Extreme conditions, particularly in pulverized coal pressurized gasification generators, have hitherto precluded the use of laser igniters in pulverized coal burners, and also generally as the ignition source for such burners; This is because the high level of safety required for such systems cannot be guaranteed. Also, all known fuel/oxygen or air mixture ignition techniques cannot be combined with monitoring systems.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention It is an object of the invention to improve the economics of the gasification process as well as to increase the safety and effectiveness of the ignition and monitoring of the various burners.

The present invention uses one device for igniting liquid, gaseous and pulverized fuels, and at the same time provides continuous, safety-suitable optical monitoring of the flame in the reaction chamber, inter alia zero The objective is to realize this in a reactor under a pressure of .1 to 5 MPa.

[Means for solving the problem] According to the invention, this problem is solved by incorporating a device in the burner, which device mainly comprises a pressure-resistant optical window member and a pressure-resistant condenser lens. The solution is to consist of a lens barrel, several monitoring elements arranged between the lens barrel and the sleeve, and a laser.

The cannula defines the outer boundary of the device and extends outwardly therethrough from the reaction chamber. A mirror-finished or polished lens barrel with an internal surface is arranged asymmetrically, but coaxially, in this sleeve and is closed at its end facing the reaction chamber with a condensing lens. The barrel has an optical window at the opposite end and is axially coupled to a triaxially adjustable laser. The pressureless chamber between the condenser lens and the optical window element is connected to a control device consisting of: One or more monitoring elements are arranged in the sleeve parallel to the tube and are likewise led to the outside via a flange of the tube. These monitoring elements are constructed in the form of a tube, the end of which facing the reaction chamber is closed with a quartz glass plate. An optoelectronic transducer is present in the monitoring element, which is connected to the quartz glass plate via a guide base or arranged directly behind it. The transducer is connected to a remote evaluation device via electrical connection means. It is connected to a control device consisting of a pressure-free space between the monitoring element and the quartz glass plate or behind the transducer.

The end of the cannula on the side of the reaction chamber is formed as a nozzle.
The aperture is then dimensioned such that it does not obstruct the optical path of the laser beam and of the flame signal picked up by the monitoring element. The intermediate space between the sleeve and each component leads to a connection for the supply of rinsing gas.

According to the present invention, a single laser light pulse is sent into the barrel from a laser provided in the axial direction of the barrel, and is focused in the reaction chamber by a condenser lens, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the barrel. To avoid this, the lens barrel is mirror-finished or polished.

For monitoring a burner, the light emitted by its burner flame is detected in a monitoring element via a pressure-tightly enclosed conductor base with a quartz glass plate and is combined with a separately provided selective evaluation device. into an optoelectronic converter.

According to the present invention, the pressure-free spaces existing between the condenser lens and the optical window member and between the quartz glass plate and the pressure-resistant penetration guide are continuously maintained as essential safety engineering elements. be monitored.

Another feature of the invention is that a rinsing gas is introduced into the intermediate space between the lens barrel and the sleeve. By means of this technical measure and the nozzle-like configuration of the sleeve opening, each optical element is cooled and at the same time is forcibly protected against contaminants from the reaction chamber and against the ingress of other media present in the burner. be done.

As a particular advantage, the technical measures according to the invention make it possible, for example, to start various reactors under pressure, which has a decisive effect on the economics of the method and improves the safety of ignition and the signal. This essentially increases the reliability of communication and evaluation.

Other advantages include the absence of wear parts in the reactor zone, the absence of expensive electrical pressure controls, the possibility of precisely determining the ignition point,
and that the ignition energy can be quantitatively matched to each ignition medium.

This ignition and monitoring device does not necessarily have to be an integral part of the burner; it can also be located at other locations convenient for ignition.

[Example] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to specific examples shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention, the burner (
17) The ignition and monitoring device is built into the central part of the engine. A laser 1 is provided in the lens barrel 2 in its axial direction. A pressure-resistant optical window element 5 forms the connection between the laser 1 and the lens barrel 2 . A pressure-resistant condenser lens 4 is provided at the end of the lens barrel 2 on the reaction chamber side. A monitoring element 6 is present in the space between the mirror W42 and the sleeve 3. It consists of a quartz glass plate 7 on the opening side, several photoconducting elements 14 , an optoelectronic converter 15 on the exit side, a pressure-resistant passage guide 9 and an electrical connection terminal 16 .

According to the invention it is also possible to provide the optoelectronic converter 15 behind the quartz glass plate 7 on the open side. The intermediate space 18 present between the lens barrel 2 and the sleeve 3 is provided with a supply opening 8 for supplying rinsing gas. The reaction chamber side end of the sleeve 3 is formed as a nozzle 19 having an opening 10 so as to eliminate contamination of the condenser lens 4 and to prevent the optical path from being obstructed. Hereinafter, the mode of operation of the device according to the invention will be explained in detail.

A laser beam is generated in a laser 1 which is axially adjustable mounted on the lens barrel 2 and is directed into the lens barrel 2. A focusing lens 4 focuses this laser pulse at a convenient point for ignition in the reaction chamber 13. Intermediate space 1 existing between lens barrel 2 and sleeve 3
A dry rinsing gas free of dust and oil is introduced via 8, which flows around the condenser lens 4 according to the shape of a nozzle with an opening 10, 19, and keeps it isolated from contaminants.

As the laser 1, a pulsed solid-state laser is used, the current supply of which is located at a distance from the burner. The laser 1 can be removed again after ignition has ended. A monitoring element 6 located between the barrel 2 and the sleeve 3 is used for monitoring the burner. The light emitted from the burner flame is transmitted via the quartz glass plate 7 and the light-conducting element 14 to an optoelectronic converter 15 which is coupled to a separately arranged selective evaluation device. In a further embodiment, the optoelectronic converter is located directly behind the quartz glass plate.

Each pressureless space 11 in the barrel 2 and the monitoring element 6 is monitored by a control device 12 for continuous reliability of its operation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main components of one embodiment of a burner ignition and monitoring device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example monitoring element with a light-conducting member, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view thereof without a light-conducting member. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an example in which an ignition device is incorporated into a burner. 1... Laser 2... Lens barrel 3... Mantle
4... Condensing lens 5... Pressure-resistant optical window member 6... Monitoring element 7... Quartz glass plate 8...
・Rinse gas supply port 10...Opening 11...No pressure space 12・
...Control device 13...Reaction chamber 14...Photoconductive member 15...Optoelectronic converter 17...Burner 18...Intermediate space 19...
··nozzle

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] [1] A burner for use with liquid, gaseous and pulverized fuels, particularly for gasifying pulverized fuels under pressure;
In a device that realizes both ignition and monitoring, this device is installed in the lens barrel (2) installed in the center of the cannula (3).
The laser (1) is adjustable through a pressure-resistant optical window member (5) at the upper end of the lens barrel outside the reaction chamber, and the laser (1) is adjustable at the upper end of the lens barrel (2). A condensing lens (4) is placed at the end of the reaction chamber;
Surveillance elements (6) are placed inside the cannula (3) around the lens barrel (2).
), the reaction chamber side end of the sleeve (3) has the shape of a nozzle (19), and the sleeve (3) and internal structures, that is, the lens barrel (2) and Monitoring element (6)
Device for ignition and monitoring as described above, characterized in that the intermediate space (18) between the ignition and monitoring device is connected to the rinsing gas inlet (8). [2] The monitoring element (6) is closed in a pressure-tight manner to the reaction chamber (13) via a quartz glass plate (7) and is equipped with an optoelectronic transducer (15), which is pressure-tight. Device according to claim 1, which is connected to a spaced apart evaluation device by means of an electrical connection terminal (16) provided with a passage guide (9). [3] Optoelectronic transducer (1) in the monitoring element (6)
5) connects the quartz glass plate (7) via the photoconductive member (14).
A device according to claim 1 or 2, in combination with. [4] Optoelectronic transducer (1) in the monitoring element (6)
5) is arranged directly behind the quartz glass plate (7). [5] The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each pressureless chamber (11) in the lens barrel (2) and the monitoring element (6) is respectively coupled to a control device. .