JPS6234894B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6234894B2 JPS6234894B2 JP1970779A JP1970779A JPS6234894B2 JP S6234894 B2 JPS6234894 B2 JP S6234894B2 JP 1970779 A JP1970779 A JP 1970779A JP 1970779 A JP1970779 A JP 1970779A JP S6234894 B2 JPS6234894 B2 JP S6234894B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- moisture
- floor
- construction method
- foundation
- proof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000201835 Froelichia floridana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004795 extruded polystyrene foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009421 internal insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は床下防湿工法に関し、さらに詳しく
は、床下の断熱および防湿を図り、木材腐朽菌の
繁殖を阻止して木材の腐朽を防ぐことができる工
法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to an under-floor moisture-proof construction method, and more specifically, a construction method that can insulate and moisture-proof under the floor, inhibit the propagation of wood-decaying fungi, and prevent wood from rotting. Regarding.
従来の技術、発明が解決しようとする問題点
木造住宅においては湿気が大敵といわれている
が、最近とくに床下の湿気対策が注目を集めてい
る。寒冷地においては床下に腐朽菌の一種である
ナミダタケ、又温暖地においてはワタグサレタケ
による被害が続発し、なかでも寒冷地におけるナ
ミダタケによる木材の腐朽が社会問題とされつつ
ある。Problems to be Solved by Conventional Technologies and Inventions Moisture is said to be the enemy of wooden houses, and measures to deal with moisture under floors have recently been attracting attention. In cold regions, damage continues to be caused by the fungus, which is a type of rotting fungus, under floors, and in warm regions, by cottontail fungi.In particular, the rotting of wood by the fungi in cold regions is becoming a social problem.
かかる腐朽菌の繁殖条件として養分、温度、水
分（湿気）があるが、木造住宅においてこの繁殖
条件のうち制御出来るのは、温度及び水分（湿
気）である。特に近年この被害にあう原因として
床下の通風が阻害された布基礎になつているこ
と、換気口が少なくかつ位置が適していない、
室内の温度環境及び暖房面積が広がり、水蒸気
の発生量も多くなり、床面の断熱を施しているが
防湿工事の不備の為水蒸気の分圧差による水蒸気
の床下への移動、室内から床への熱移動による
床下温度上昇に伴ない床下土中からの水分の蒸発
による高湿化、壁内にセンイ系断熱材が充填さ
れていることによる床下の気密化による高湿化等
がある。 Nutrients, temperature, and moisture (humidity) are conditions for the propagation of such rotting fungi, and among these propagation conditions in wooden houses, temperature and moisture (humidity) are controllable. Particularly in recent years, the causes of this damage are the fact that the foundations are made of cloth, which obstructs ventilation under the floor, and there are few ventilation openings and inappropriate locations.
The indoor temperature environment and heating area have expanded, and the amount of water vapor generated has increased.Although the floor surface is insulated, due to inadequate moisture proofing work, the partial pressure difference in water vapor causes water vapor to move under the floor, and from the room to the floor. As the temperature under the floor increases due to heat transfer, moisture evaporates from the subfloor soil, resulting in high humidity. Also, the walls are filled with fiberglass insulation, which makes the underfloor airtight, resulting in high humidity.
問題点を解決するための手段
本発明工法は、上述のような問題点を解消する
ことを目的とし、該目的は、床面に透湿抵抗の高
い断熱材料を設けるとともに、床下土間地面上に
防湿フイルムを敷設し、かつ防湿フイルム上に活
性炭、土、無機質粒状物およびセメントモルタル
からなる群より選ばれた材料の少なくとも１種の
層を設け、床下空間を実質的に密封する床下防湿
工法、又は、床面に透湿抵抗の高い断熱材料を設
けるとともに、床下土間地面上に防湿フイルムを
敷設し、かつ基礎の内側または外側を断熱し、床
下空間を実質的に密封する床下防湿工法によつて
達成される。Means for Solving the Problems The purpose of the construction method of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. An under-floor moisture-proof construction method, in which a moisture-proof film is laid down, and at least one layer of a material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, soil, inorganic granules, and cement mortar is provided on the moisture-proof film to substantially seal the underfloor space; Alternatively, an under-floor moisture-proof construction method is used in which a heat insulating material with high moisture permeation resistance is installed on the floor surface, a moisture-proof film is laid on the ground floor under the floor, and the inside or outside of the foundation is insulated to substantially seal the space under the floor. It will be achieved.
尚、本発明工法において、透湿抵抗の高い断熱
材料とはプラスチツク発泡体からなる断熱材料で
あり、代表的には、押出発泡ポリスチレン板が挙
げられる。 In the construction method of the present invention, the heat insulating material with high moisture permeation resistance is a heat insulating material made of plastic foam, and a typical example thereof is an extruded polystyrene foam board.
作 用
本発明工法では、透湿抵抗の高い断熱材料で床
面を断熱するため室内から床下への水蒸気の移動
が押えられるとともに熱の移動も抑制される。
又、さらに、防湿フイルムを大引の上面に全面に
わたつて張設し、しかも、該フイルムの外周を土
台上まで延長させれば室内から床下への水蒸気及
び熱の移動並びに壁体内中空層から床下への熱移
動を良好に抑制することができる。Effects In the construction method of the present invention, the floor surface is insulated using a heat insulating material with high moisture permeation resistance, so that the movement of water vapor from the room to the underfloor is suppressed, and the movement of heat is also suppressed.
Moreover, if a moisture-proof film is stretched over the entire surface of the upper surface of the wall, and the outer periphery of the film is extended to the top of the foundation, the movement of water vapor and heat from the room to the subfloor and from the hollow layer inside the wall can be prevented. Heat transfer to under the floor can be effectively suppressed.
又、床下土間地面上に防湿フイルムを敷設する
ため土間地面から床下への水蒸気の上昇も防止さ
れる。そして、防湿フイルム上に活性炭、土、無
機質粒状物およびセメントモルタルからなる群よ
り選ばれた層を設け、これらの重鎮作用によつて
フイルムの隙間から侵入しようとする水蒸気の上
がり及びフイルムの風によるめくれを防止してい
る。又該層を乾燥砂、活性炭等の吸湿性を有する
ものとすれば結露水を保水するため床下空間の湿
度をさらに良好に維持することができる。 Furthermore, since a moisture-proof film is laid on the ground surface of the earthen floor, the rise of water vapor from the earthen floor to the bottom of the floor is also prevented. Then, a layer selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, soil, inorganic granules, and cement mortar is provided on the moisture-proof film, and the heavy action of these layers prevents the rise of water vapor that tries to enter through the gaps in the film and the wind on the film. Prevents curling. Further, if the layer is made of a hygroscopic material such as dry sand or activated carbon, it retains condensed water, thereby making it possible to maintain the humidity of the underfloor space even better.
又、基礎の内側または外側を断熱するため、床
下が暖められ、相対湿度を下げることができ土中
からの水分の供給を絶つて結露が防止される。 In addition, since the inside or outside of the foundation is insulated, the area under the floor is warmed, the relative humidity can be lowered, and the supply of moisture from the soil is cut off, preventing dew condensation.
本発明工法によれば、上記のような構造に床下
空間を構成せしめこれを実質的に密閉状態にする
ことによつて、木材の腐朽原因となる床下への水
分の供給を防ぐことができる。床下空間を密閉状
態とする態様は、施工する地域に応じて種々考え
られるが、基礎に換気口を設けずに施工する場合
のみならず、開閉自在の換気口を設けて夏期は床
下換気ができるように換気口を開き、室内暖房を
行い床下防湿を必要とする冬期には換気口を閉じ
て床下空間を密閉状態とできるように構成しても
よく、又、特に大雪地帯であつて冬期に換気口が
雪で必然的に埋められてしまう地域において基礎
に通常の換気口を設けたような態様も含まれる。 According to the construction method of the present invention, by configuring the underfloor space in the above-described structure and making it substantially sealed, it is possible to prevent the supply of moisture to the underfloor, which causes wood rot. There are various ways to seal the space under the floor, depending on the area where the construction is being carried out, but it is not only possible to construct the building without a ventilation hole in the foundation, but also to install a ventilation hole that can be opened and closed to provide ventilation under the floor in the summer. It may be configured so that the ventilation openings are opened and the ventilation openings are closed in the winter when indoor heating and underfloor moisture proofing is required, and the underfloor space is sealed. This also includes embodiments in which ordinary ventilation holes are provided in the foundation in areas where ventilation holes are inevitably buried with snow.
実施例
以下、図面に示す実施例に基づき本発明工法を
詳細に説明する。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the construction method of the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples shown in the drawings.
第１図は本発明工法例の説明図である。第１図
において、土台１と大引２間、および大引間に透
湿抵抗の高い材料３例えば押出発泡ポリスチレン
板（スタイロフオーム）を受材４を用いて張り
付け床面を断熱する。また、上記透湿抵抗の高い
材料３上根太５の下にはポリエチレンフイルムの
ごとき防湿フイルム６（例えば厚さ0.1mm程度の
もの）を土台１の上まで達するように取り付け、
併用するようにすれば断熱および根太５上に張つ
た床板７上の室内から床下への水蒸気の移動を十
分に押えることができ、又、床下から壁体内中空
層への冷気の侵入も防止でき室内の断熱効果も向
上させることができる。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the construction method of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a material 3 having high moisture permeability resistance, such as an extruded polystyrene board (Styrofoam), is pasted between the base 1 and the main drawer 2, and between the main drawer 2 and the main drawer using a receiving material 4 to insulate the floor surface. Further, a moisture-proof film 6 such as a polyethylene film (for example, about 0.1 mm thick) is installed under the upper joist 5 of the material 3 with high moisture permeability resistance so as to reach the top of the foundation 1.
If used in combination, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the movement of water vapor from the interior of the room on the floorboards 7 stretched over the joists 5 to the underfloor, and also prevent cold air from entering the hollow layer within the wall from under the floor. The indoor insulation effect can also be improved.
つぎに、床下土間地面８上に防湿フイルム９例
えばポリエチレンフイルム（厚さ0.1mm程度）を
コンクリート基礎１３に達するまで敷設する。ま
た、この防湿フイルム９上には活性炭（粒状のも
のがよい）、土、砂あるいはパーライト砂のごと
き無機質粒状物、セメントモルタルからなる群よ
り選ばれた材料の少くとも１種の層を10〜100mm
程度の厚さに設けてさらに防湿効果の向上をはか
つている。 Next, a moisture-proof film 9 such as a polyethylene film (about 0.1 mm thick) is laid on the sub-soil ground 8 until it reaches the concrete foundation 13. Further, on this moisture-proof film 9, a layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon (granular is preferable), soil, inorganic granules such as sand or pearlite sand, and cement mortar is applied. 100mm
The moisture-proofing effect is further improved by providing the film with a certain thickness.
さらには、コンクリート基礎１３の内側または
外側に地中の基礎１３に達するように断熱材１１
例えばポリスチレン板を張り付け内断熱又は外断
熱するのがよい。なお１２は断熱材１１の外側に
設けたモルタル層である。 Furthermore, the insulation material 11 is placed inside or outside the concrete foundation 13 so as to reach the underground foundation 13.
For example, it is preferable to attach polystyrene plates for internal or external insulation. Note that 12 is a mortar layer provided on the outside of the heat insulating material 11.
次に、第２図〜第３図に示す実測例により本発
明工法による防湿、断熱効果を説明する。 Next, the moisture-proofing and heat-insulating effects of the construction method of the present invention will be explained using actual measurement examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
第２図は従来工法による説明図、第３図および
第４図は本発明工法による説明図である。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the conventional construction method, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams of the construction method of the present invention.
第２図において、柱間にはグラスウール１４
（厚さ100mm）を装着し、その外側にモルタル層１
２を設け、室内に於ては床の根太間にグラスウー
ル１４（厚さ50mm）を取り付けたものである。こ
の場合、外気温度−9.5℃、室内温度19.8℃、床
面の温度は15.8℃、室内より床下への移動熱量Ｑ
は7.1Kcal／m2hrであつた。この場合の床下の温
度は2.2℃、関係湿度は80％であつた。 In Figure 2, glass wool 14 is placed between the pillars.
(thickness: 100mm) and a mortar layer 1 on the outside.
In the room, glass wool 14 (thickness 50 mm) is installed between the floor joists. In this case, the outside temperature is -9.5°C, the indoor temperature is 19.8°C, the floor temperature is 15.8°C, and the amount of heat transferred from the room to under the floor Q
was 7.1Kcal/m 2 hr. In this case, the temperature under the floor was 2.2°C and the relative humidity was 80%.
第３図においては、室内の床面を透湿抵抗の高
い材料３すなわち「スタイロフオームSH」30mm
を張り付け、土間地面上には防湿フイルム９およ
び土１０を設け、外壁面には断熱材１１として
「スタイロフオームIB」75mmを土台まで張りつけ
たものである。 In Figure 3, the floor surface of the room is made of material 3 with high moisture permeation resistance, that is, ``Stylofoam SH'' (30 mm).
A moisture-proof film 9 and soil 10 are provided on the dirt floor, and a 75mm piece of ``Styloform IB'' is applied as a heat insulating material 11 to the outer wall surface up to the foundation.
この場合には、室内温度20.3℃、床面の温度
16.1℃、室内より床下への移動熱量Ｑは
6.9Kcal／m2hr、床下の温度2.4℃、関係湿度45％
であつた。 In this case, the room temperature is 20.3℃, and the floor temperature is
At 16.1℃, the amount of heat Q transferred from the room to the floor is
6.9Kcal/m 2 hr, temperature under the floor 2.4℃, relative humidity 45%
It was hot.
第４図においては、室内の床面の透湿抵抗の高
い材料３すなわち「スタイロフオームSH」30mm
の上に防湿フイルム６を設けた外は第３図と同じ
であり、外壁面の断熱材１１は「スタイロフオー
ムSH30mm」を基礎の外側にも設けて断熱を強化
した。この場合、外気−9.5℃、室内温度20.1
℃、床面温度16.9℃、室内より床下への移動熱量
は5.9Kcal／m2hrであつた。床下の温度は7.6℃、
関係湿度は30％であつた。 In Figure 4, material 3 with high moisture permeation resistance for the indoor floor surface, ie "Stylofoam SH" 30mm
The exterior is the same as shown in Fig. 3 with a moisture-proof film 6 placed on top, and the insulation material 11 on the outer wall surface is ``Stylofoam SH30mm'' placed on the outside of the foundation to strengthen the insulation. In this case, the outside air is -9.5℃ and the indoor temperature is 20.1℃.
℃, the floor temperature was 16.9℃, and the amount of heat transferred from the room to under the floor was 5.9Kcal/m 2 hr. The temperature under the floor is 7.6℃,
The relative humidity was 30%.
第２図に示すごとく、床面をグラスウール断熱
しただけでは床下の防湿は十分でなく、第３図お
よび第４図に示したごとく、床面を透湿抵抗の高
い断熱材料で断熱し、好ましくは防湿フイルムを
併用するとともに、床下土間地面上に防湿フイル
ムを、好ましくは土などを防湿フイルム上に入れ
るか、さらにまた基礎コンクリートの内断熱又は
外断熱をすることにより防湿の目的が十分に達成
される。 As shown in Figure 2, simply insulating the floor with glass wool is not sufficient to prevent moisture under the floor.As shown in Figures 3 and 4, it is preferable to insulate the floor with an insulating material with high moisture permeability. In addition to using a moisture-proof film, the purpose of moisture-proofing can be fully achieved by placing a moisture-proof film on the ground surface of the subfloor, preferably by placing soil etc. on the moisture-proof film, or by insulating the foundation concrete internally or externally. be done.
ナミダタケの場合は、床下の相対湿度を下げて
木材の含水率が低くても、ナミダタケ自身で水分
を運び繁殖する性質があるため、水分の供給源を
断つ必要がある。従つて、結露をさせず、土中か
らの水分の供給を断つことが必要条件となる。 In the case of Namida mushrooms, even if the relative humidity under the floor is lowered and the moisture content of the wood is low, it is necessary to cut off the source of moisture because the mushrooms themselves have the property of carrying moisture and propagating. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent dew condensation and cut off the supply of moisture from the soil.
発明の効果
本発明工法は、以上の如き構成としたので、室
内から及び土中からの床下空間への水分の供給を
断ち、よつて床下空間の絶対湿度を下げ木材の含
水率を下げる効果を有する。さらに、基礎の内側
又は外側を断熱することにより床下空間の温度を
外気より高く維持することができ、相対湿度が下
がり、従つて、床下における木材の腐朽菌による
腐朽を完全に防ぐことができる。Effects of the Invention Since the construction method of the present invention has the above-described structure, it cuts off the supply of moisture from indoors and from the soil to the underfloor space, thereby reducing the absolute humidity of the underfloor space and reducing the moisture content of wood. have Furthermore, by insulating the inside or outside of the foundation, the temperature of the underfloor space can be maintained higher than the outside air, lowering the relative humidity, and therefore completely preventing the wood under the floor from rotting due to rotting fungi.
第１図は本発明工法の１例を示す縦断説明図、
第２図は従来法の、第３〜４図は本発明工法によ
る温度、湿度の実測例を示す縦断説明図である。
１……土台、２……大引、３……透湿抵抗の高
い断熱材、６，９……防湿フイルム、８……床下
土間地面、１０……砂、土、活性炭など、１１…
…断熱材、１３……基礎。
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional diagram showing an example of the construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing actual measurement examples of temperature and humidity by the conventional method, and FIGS. 3 and 4 by the method of the present invention. 1...Foundation, 2...Drawing, 3...Insulating material with high moisture permeability resistance, 6, 9...Moisture-proof film, 8...Soil floor ground, 10...Sand, soil, activated carbon, etc., 11...
...Insulation, 13...Foundation.
Claims (1)
もに、床下土間地面上に防湿フイルムを敷設し、
かつ防湿フイルム上に活性炭、土、無機質粒状物
およびセメントモルタルからなる群より選ばれた
材料の少なくとも１種の層を設け、床下空間を実
質的に密封することを特徴とする床下防湿工法。 ２ さらに、防湿フイルムを大引の上面に全面に
わたつて張設し、しかも、該フイルムの外周を土
台上まで延長させる特許請求の範囲第１項に記載
の工法。 ３ 床面に透湿抵抗の高い断熱材料を設けるとと
もに、床下土間地面上に防湿フイルムを敷設し、
かつ基礎の内側または外側を断熱し、床下空間を
実質的に密封することを特徴とする床下防湿工
法。 ４ さらに、防湿フイルムを大引の上面に全面に
わたつて張設し、しかも、該フイルムの外周を土
台上まで延長させる特許請求の範囲第３項に記載
の工法。[Claims] 1. A heat insulating material with high moisture permeability resistance is provided on the floor surface, and a moisture-proof film is laid on the ground surface of the subfloor,
An underfloor moisture-proof construction method, which is characterized in that at least one layer of a material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, soil, inorganic granules, and cement mortar is provided on the moisture-proof film to substantially seal the underfloor space. 2. The construction method according to claim 1, further comprising: stretching a moisture-proof film over the entire upper surface of the drawer, and extending the outer periphery of the film to the top of the foundation. 3 Insulating material with high moisture permeability resistance is installed on the floor, and a moisture-proof film is laid on the ground surface of the subfloor.
An underfloor moisture proof construction method characterized by insulating the inside or outside of the foundation and substantially sealing the underfloor space. 4. The construction method according to claim 3, further comprising stretching a moisture-proof film over the entire surface of the upper surface of the drawer, and extending the outer periphery of the film to the top of the foundation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1970779A JPS55114735A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-02-23 | Method of preventing humidity under floor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1970779A JPS55114735A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-02-23 | Method of preventing humidity under floor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55114735A JPS55114735A (en) | 1980-09-04 |
| JPS6234894B2 true JPS6234894B2 (en) | 1987-07-29 |
Family
ID=12006746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1970779A Granted JPS55114735A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-02-23 | Method of preventing humidity under floor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55114735A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57180734A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-06 | Asahi Jiyuutaku Kk | Building |
| JPS598857A (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-18 | ミサワホ−ム株式会社 | Structure of unfloored part |
| JPS62253837A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-11-05 | 児島 裕明 | Construction method using char |
| JPH0431924Y2 (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1992-07-31 |
-
1979
- 1979-02-23 JP JP1970779A patent/JPS55114735A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55114735A (en) | 1980-09-04 |
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