JPS62266312A - Method and apparatus for combustion processing of wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent an injurious gas from being discharged and to deodor a waste gas by dry-distilling wastes to gasify them, inducing them to the cylindrical diaphragm of an oxidation catalyst chamber, blowing air heated to high temperatures thereto to cause air to react with the same, and turning air within the diaphragm to bring air into contact with the catalyst on the diaphragm. CONSTITUTION:Waste burnable matters filled in a dry-distillation chamber 21 are dry-distilled and gasified while being supplied air according to necessity. The dry- distilled gas rises up and is induced to a dust collecting chamber 28, and granular matters having a relatively heavy specific gravity are caused to fall. Thereafter, these granular matters are gradually introduced into the inside of a cylindrical diaphragm 33 installed at the center of an oxidation catalyst chamber 32 through a vent port 30. Heated air of 900 deg.C or more is delivered under pressure into the inner side of a diaphragm 33 via a pipe 37 through a supply pipe 35, and it comes into contact with the dry-distilled gas and induces an explosive high temperature, thus generating a flame to cause an oxidation reaction. The combustion gas is turned along the tangential direction within the diaphragm 33 and is brought into forced contact with the catalyst applied to the diaphragm 33 to subject remaining high- molecular substances to reaction and decomposition to render them harmless.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a combustion treatment method for various industrial wastes and an improvement of the apparatus thereof, and in particular to a method for carbonizing various polymer compounds contained in waste into gas. After that, high-temperature air is supplied to the gas to cause it to burn.At the same time, a catalyst is passed through contact with the unburned gas to react and decompose the bonds between molecules in the unburned gas, thereby ensuring complete combustion and rendering the harmful gas harmless. shall be.

(Prior Art) Conventionally known waste combustion furnaces have been devised in various ways to achieve complete combustion of waste. For example, a secondary combustion chamber is provided in addition to the original primary combustion chamber in the furnace, and -
It has been proposed to draw unburned gas from the secondary combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber and reburn it using an afterburner to dilute the soot concentration. However, this method is not very popular because it requires a large amount of fuel oil for re-combustion using an afterburner.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 4, a primary combustion chamber 1 and a secondary combustion chamber 3 are connected to each other through a smoke outlet 2 in the furnace. A supply pipe 4 having an air jet port 5 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 1 by a blower 6.
A certain amount of air is supplied into the chamber, thereby burning the waste (not shown) placed on the Rossdol 8 from the input lower, and further burning the unburned gas in the secondary combustion chamber l. The above-mentioned air is drawn into the secondary combustion chamber 3 from the opening 2 and is supplied from an external blower 12 via a supply pipe 1) having a large number of air jet ports 10 on the circumferential surface disposed inside the secondary combustion chamber 3. It has also been proposed to forcibly re-combust the unburned gas by injecting a certain amount of air into it, and then exhaust the gas from the chimney 14 (in addition,
9 and 13 in the figure indicate ash outlets).

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the conventional structure shown in FIG. Insufficient air supply will not only cause incomplete combustion, but conversely, if too much air is supplied, combustion will accelerate even more due to lack of oxygen (incomplete combustion will occur). In both cases, harmful non-combustible gases are produced.The combustion of substances requires the delicate interrelationship between oxygen, combustion and heat.
In particular, it is impossible to appropriately control the combustion conditions of substances containing foreign substances such as exhaust gas using conventional means.

In addition, since the temperature required for complete combustion of combustible materials is generally at least 1000"C or higher, the material of the supply pipes 4 and 1) facing into each combustion chamber in the furnace is selected from materials such as special heat-resistant steel. It is impossible to withstand actual use unless you use it.

c) Means for Solving Problems) The present invention solves the above-mentioned difficulties of the conventional structure, and completely burns and reacts various substances contained in exhaust gas, especially polymer compounds, etc. The first purpose is to prevent the emission of harmful gases and make the exhaust odorless, and the second purpose is to further improve the combustion and reaction efficiency in this case. The first chamber in the furnace is filled with waste, and the waste is carbonized and gasified while being supplied with air in accordance with the amount of heating required for the waste; Applying an airflow along the tangential direction within the partition wall to the ignited carbonized gas introduced into the cylindrical partition wall with a catalyst supported on the surface side while maintaining the atmospheric temperature within the partition wall at least at 900"C or higher. The method includes a step of combustion and oxidation by generating a swirling vortex along the inner circumferential surface of the partition wall, and, if necessary, a step of carbonizing the carbonized gas and burning and oxidizing the carbonized gas. During the step, the carbonized gas generated in the first chamber is induced into a second chamber in the furnace, and a necessary amount of air is supplied in the second chamber to maintain the ignition of the carbonized gas while the second chamber is heated. The present invention relates to a waste combustion treatment method and an apparatus therefor, which includes a step of collecting high specific gravity particles while swirling the waste in a room.

(Example) The specific content of the present invention will be explained below based on an example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. 20 indicates a combustion furnace according to the present invention, and the combustion furnace has a carbonization chamber 21, a dust collection chamber 28 and an oxidation catalyst chamber 32 installed above the dust collection chamber and slightly offset from the center of the dust collection chamber 28).
and an air cooler 39 that pumps air into each of the above chambers.

Furthermore, including the partition wall 26 between the carbonization chamber 21 and the dust collection chamber 28, the floor plate 47. Surrounding side walls 48. The top plate 49 and the like are all constructed using I4 thermal material made of brick masonry, and the outside thereof is covered with an outer shell 50.

The carbonization chamber 21 has an inlet 23 in the center of the front side of the furnace, and an ash outlet 24 in the lower part thereof, and a rosdol 22 is installed in a substantially horizontal position at a position lower than the inlet 23 in the chamber. .

Furthermore, a plurality of air supply pipes 25a and 25b are provided on both left and right side walls of the carbonization chamber 21, penetrating through the side walls and divided into two upper and lower stages, with the tips 1 and 1 facing the inside of the carbonization chamber 21, respectively. It is attached.

The dust collection chamber 28 has an attraction port 27 located at each part near the upper side wall and communicating with the carbonization chamber 21, and an ash outlet 29 at the lower part, and has an ash outlet 29 located in the direction of attraction of the attraction port 27. The inner surface of the side wall 48 is gently curved inward (R), and a plurality of air supply pipes 25C are arranged along the direction in which carbonized gas is drawn from the drawing port 27 of the curved portion R. are attached with their respective tips facing into the dust collection chamber 28.

The oxidation catalyst chamber 32 is located above the dust collection chamber 28 at a position slightly offset from the center of the dust collection chamber 28 (a position on the opposite side from the induction port 27 and the curved (R,) wall surface following this). The bottom part communicates with the dust collection chamber 28 through the port 30, and the upper part communicates with the waste chimney 46 through the hood 44.

Furthermore, a cylindrical partition wall 33 is provided at the center of the oxidation catalyst chamber 32.
Moreover, the partition wall 33 has a catalyst supported over its entire circumference, and is provided with a large number of air supply pipes 35 that extend through the partition wall 33 while being inclined in the tangential direction.

Further, a catalyst body 45 having a plurality of tapered ventilation holes 45a is disposed at the upper end of the partition wall 33 and on the inner circumferential side of the above-mentioned hood 44. For the peripheral surface side, carbon, iodine, sulfur, and other non-metallic elements are selected as catalysts to oxidize the combustion gas, and after mixing these, the area of fluid contact with the combustion gas is made as large as possible. Mold it like this,
Furthermore, during the molding process, a low-temperature reactive element that reacts at a comparatively low temperature is added, thereby setting a reaction region of about 900°C to 1800°C, and reducing the amount of water contained in the carbonized gas. It is possible to react and decompose the molecular bonds of various components, especially polymer compounds.

The catalyst body 45 is formed by kneading carbon, iodine, sulfur, and other non-metallic elements, and then molding the catalyst body so as to have a large flow contact area with the combustion gas. The material is molded into a shape suitable for radiating light, and one or more transition elements are selected from among various transition elements that can make the odor in the combustion gas odorless by contacting and reacting with the odor in the combustion gas during the molding process. By adding and mixing this, it is possible to not only oxidize the combustion gas but also deodorize it, and furthermore, the heat storage capacity is significantly improved, and as a result, the heat storage is radiated widely into the oxidation catalyst chamber 32. can increase thermal efficiency and promote oxidation.

Further, numeral 39 indicates a pipe to the air, and a blower 51 is attached thereto, and a pipe 37 for pressure-feeding high-temperature air into the oxidation catalyst chamber 32 from above, and an air flow ff1 Pipes 42 and 40 with built-in maintenance dampers 43 and 41
One end of the pipe 42 is connected to each other, and the other end of the pipe 42 is branched and communicated with a plurality of air supply bumps 25b and 25c facing into the dry distillation chamber 21 and dust collection chamber 28, respectively. The other end also has a plurality of air supply pipes 2 facing into the carbonization chamber 21 described above.
5a, and are connected to each other by branching.

In the figure, numeral 38 indicates a damper for adjusting the flow rate of the pipe 37.

(Function) In the configuration of the above-described embodiment, after various waste combustible materials are fully charged into the carbonization chamber 21 from the input port 23, the combustible materials are initially ignited using an appropriate ignition material. Initially, it takes a considerable amount of time for the atmospheric temperature in the carbonization chamber to rise, but when the atmospheric temperature reaches approximately 550° C. or higher, the combustion of the combustible material takes place normally.

In this case, it goes without saying that in order to burn the combustible material, it is necessary to supply an appropriate amount of oxygen corresponding to the amount of combustible material, and as a result of the reaction between carbon and oxygen, high heat is generated and the material is combusted.

However, as waste combustibles in particular are a collection of various miscellaneous substances, not only the intermolecular elements in each substance but also the carbon content are different. It cannot be completely burned.

Therefore, in the carbonization chamber 21, the temperature of the indoor atmosphere is 550''C.
~750″C range, preferably 600″C – 700″
The amount of air necessary to constantly set the range of C is supplied from the blower 51 to the air through the lid 39 and the pipes 40, 42, and from the air injection pipes 25a and 25b toward the waste combustibles.

In this case, the air supply amount is adjusted by air adjustment dampers 41 and 43.

In this way, only enough air is supplied into the carbonization chamber 21 to maintain the atmospheric temperature within the chamber within the range of approximately 600''C to 700''C, so that at such an atmospheric temperature, most of the waste combustibles are The combustible material on the Rosdol 22 is kept in a smoldering state without bursting into flames, and the combustible material on the Rosdol 22 is carbonized into gas over time.

The gas carbonized mainly by the air supplied from the lower air supply pipe 25a rises in the carbonization chamber 21, receives a secondary air supply from the upper air supply pipe 25b, and starts to flame up. 27 into the dust collection chamber 28 by the suction action of the chimney 46.

As can be understood from FIG. 2, the dust collection chamber 28 has a side wall that is gently curved to match the direction of the flow of the carbonized gas from the induction port 27 and cause the flow to gradually swirl inside the dust collection chamber 28. The air supply pipe 2
With the air supply from 5C, the carbonized gas is swirled in the dust collection chamber 28 in a cyclone state while maintaining its ignition, and in the process of swirling, particles with relatively heavy specific gravity are mixed in the carbonized gas. After the substances fall below the dust collection chamber 28, they are sequentially introduced into the inside of the partition wall 33 installed in the center of the oxidation catalyst chamber 32 through the passage 30. Oxidation catalyst chamber 3
2, heated air heated to at least 900°C is supplied through a pipe 37 to a flow rate adjusting damper 38.
This heated air is pumped from the outer circumferential side of the partition wall 33 through the air supply pipe 35 to the inside of the partition wall 33, thereby coming into contact with the dry distilled gas in the partition wall 33 and inducing an explosively high temperature. A flame is emitted to cause an oxidation reaction, and while promoting combustion, the flame is swirled along the tangential direction within the partition wall 33, and the combustion gas is forcibly brought into contact with the catalyst applied to the partition wall 33, thereby removing the remaining polymeric substances. Reactively decomposes and renders it harmless.

Further, the combustion gas swirling within the partition wall 33 is sequentially drawn upward and passes through the catalyst body 45 located above.

When the combustion gas passes through the catalyst body 45, it contacts and reacts with the nonmetallic elements contained in the catalyst body and the transition elements contained therein, and as a result, the odor contained in the combustion gas is completely eliminated. Can be removed.

In addition to the above-mentioned odor removal function, the catalyst body 45 also absorbs high-temperature heat generated during the reaction with the combustion gas, and at the same time maintains a necessary and sufficient atmospheric temperature throughout the oxidation catalyst chamber 32 for the reaction with the carbonized gas. It also works to dissipate radiant heat in order to maintain an average level of heat.

The reaction gas that has passed through the oxidation catalyst chamber 32 in this way is
After being sucked into the chimney 46 from the hood 44, it is released into the atmosphere.

When the waste combustibles in the carbonization chamber 21 are almost completely burnt out in this way, a sufficient amount of waste combustibles is replenished into the carbonization chamber 21, and the complete combustion process is then continuously performed. Incidentally, if ash accumulates at the bottom of each of the carbonization chamber 21 and the dust chamber 28, it shall be taken out from the ash outlet 24, 29 by an appropriate removal means at any time.

In the embodiment described above, the carbonization chamber 21 and the oxidation catalyst chamber 32
Although the dust collection chamber 28 is interposed between the oxidation catalyst chamber 3 and the
2 may be directly connected to the carbonization chamber 21.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention heats waste at a high temperature in one chamber (carbonization chamber) in a furnace, and while supplying air according to the degree of heating, carbonization gas is heated in a so-called smoldering state. The carbonized gas is further induced into the cylindrical partition wall of the oxidation catalyst chamber, and heated to at least 900°C.
A step of blowing air heated to a higher temperature to cause a reaction,
By swirling the combustible gas within the partition wall, the combustible gas is forcibly brought into contact with the catalyst in the partition wall to react and decompose various molecular bonds in the combustion gas molecules, and then the combustible gas is passed through the catalyst body located above. Because it is a waste combustible material, various substances contained in waste combustible materials, especially polymer compounds, etc., are completely decomposed and their molecular bonds are completely oxidized, including carbohydrates, and carbon dioxide is completely combusted. Moreover, deodorization can be achieved by passing the combustion exhaust gas through the above-mentioned catalyst containing odor-decomposing elements in the combustion exhaust gas.

Furthermore, the presence of the catalyst allows the reaction heat to be stored and evenly radiated over the entire area of the oxidation catalyst chamber, thereby creating an atmosphere necessary for the catalytic reaction with the unburned gas.
1) Waste material that can maintain an average amount of waste
The contribution made to the town's pollution treatment is extremely large.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically showing a waste combustion treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1; Figure 3 is an approximate view of the direction of arrow B-B in Figure 11)19
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a main part of the conventionally known waste combustion furnace shown in FIG. 20... Combustion furnace 21... Carbonization chambers 25a, 25b, 25c... Air supply pipe 27... Induction port 28... Dust collection Chamber 30... Venue 32... Oxidation catalyst chamber 33... Partition 35...
...Air supply pipe 37.40.42...Vibe 38.41.43...Dumper 3 for adjusting flow rate one round
9...Air heater 44...Hood 45...Catalyst body, 16...Chimney 51...Blower

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Filling the first chamber in the furnace with waste and carbonizing the waste while supplying air in accordance with the amount of heating required for the waste; Applying an airflow along the tangential direction within the partition wall to the ignited carbonized gas introduced into the cylindrical partition wall with a catalyst supported on the peripheral surface while maintaining the atmospheric temperature within the partition wall at least at 900°C or higher. and oxidizing the waste by generating a swirling vortex along the inner circumferential surface of the partition wall. (2) In the product described in claim 1, the step of filling the first chamber in the furnace with waste and carbonizing the waste while supplying air according to the degree of heating necessity for the waste. Between this step and the step of burning and oxidizing the carbonized gas, the carbonized gas generated in the first chamber is drawn into the second chamber of the furnace, and a necessary amount of air is supplied in the second chamber to carry out the carbonized distillation. A waste combustion treatment method comprising the step of collecting high specific gravity particles while swirling the gas in a second chamber while maintaining ignition. (3) In the product described in claims 1 and 2, the step of oxidizing and burning the carbonized gas includes the step of passing the combustion gas through a deodorizing catalyst body disposed on the side from which the combustion gas is discharged. Waste combustion treatment method. (4) It has a carbonization chamber for carbonizing and gasifying waste while supplying air according to the required amount of heating, and a cylindrical partition wall communicating with the carbonization chamber and carrying a catalyst on at least the inner peripheral surface side. However, an oxidation catalyst chamber communicated with the waste pipe, a large number of air supply pipes extending tangentially through the entire circumference of the partition wall, a pipe supplying air to the carbonization chamber, and at least one air supply pipe inside the oxidation catalyst chamber. A waste treatment device comprising means for pumping heated air of 900° C. or higher, and a regulating valve for adjusting the flow rate in the pipe and the heated air pumping means. (5) In the product described in claim 1, air is supplied between the carbonization chamber and the oxidation catalyst chamber to swirl the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization chamber while maintaining ignition. The waste combustion treatment equipment is equipped with a dust collection chamber for collecting particles with high specific gravity. (6) A waste combustion treatment apparatus according to claims 4 to 5, wherein the oxidation catalyst chamber is provided with a deodorizing catalyst body on the combustion gas discharge side.