JPS62238507A - Optical waveguide circuit - Google Patents
Optical waveguide circuitInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62238507A JPS62238507A JP8277786A JP8277786A JPS62238507A JP S62238507 A JPS62238507 A JP S62238507A JP 8277786 A JP8277786 A JP 8277786A JP 8277786 A JP8277786 A JP 8277786A JP S62238507 A JPS62238507 A JP S62238507A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- refractive index
- ion
- fiber
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は屈折率分布型の光７アイパと光導波回路との接
続損失を改善する技術に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a technique for improving connection loss between a refractive index gradient type optical 7-eyeper and an optical waveguide circuit.
一般に、単−又は複数本の光７アイパを通して伝送され
る光に分岐、合流、分波、合波等の信号処理を施す場合
、光ファイバを、透明基板内に形成１ナー１−１．−１
炭漆かまっ専Ｈ敗ル腑虐すＬ道袖敗ハ端部に接続し、導
波路の他端に接続した単−又は複数本の光ファイバに導
波路からの出射光を入射させる方法がとられる。Generally, when performing signal processing such as branching, merging, demultiplexing, and multiplexing on light transmitted through a single or multiple optical fibers, optical fibers are formed within a transparent substrate. -1
There is a method in which the light emitted from the waveguide is connected to the end of the charcoal lacquer hook, and the light emitted from the waveguide is input to one or more optical fibers connected to the other end of the waveguide. It will be done.
そして接続される光ファイバが屈折率分布型の場合、上
記光導波回路として、導波路の断面内で上記光ファイバ
と同様に中心から周辺に向けて屈折率勾配をもつ屈折率
分布型の導波路が用いられる。When the optical fiber to be connected is a gradient index type, the optical waveguide circuit is a gradient index waveguide that has a refractive index gradient from the center to the periphery within the cross section of the waveguide, similar to the optical fiber. is used.
上述した光フアイバ結合用の光導波回路中に形成される
導波路の断面は、接続時の軸ずれが多少あっても光ファ
イバからの出射光が洩れなく導波路中に入射するように
、一般に光ファイバの光伝送部の径よりも若干大きい径
をもつ円形とされる。The cross section of the waveguide formed in the above-mentioned optical waveguide circuit for optical fiber coupling is generally shaped so that the light emitted from the optical fiber enters the waveguide without leakage even if there is some axis misalignment during connection. It has a circular shape with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the optical transmission section of the optical fiber.
しかしながら上記のようにファイバコア径と導波路径と
を相違させた場合、両者の屈折率分布形状の相違に起因
して接続損失が大きくなるという問題があった。However, when the fiber core diameter and the waveguide diameter are made different as described above, there is a problem in that connection loss increases due to the difference in the refractive index distribution shapes of the two.
屈折率分布型光ファイバを接続する導波路の屈折率分布
を、７アイパの光伝送部と同一径内で略一致するように
形成した。The refractive index distribution of the waveguide connecting the gradient index optical fiber was formed to be approximately the same within the same diameter as that of the optical transmission section of the 7-eyeper.
上記のような屈折率分布をもつ断面がほぼ円形の導波路
を埋め込み形成するに当っては、例えば透明な多成分系
ガラスの基板面を、所定回路パターンの開口を残してマ
スキングし、上記開口を通してＴｌイオン等の基板ガラ
スの屈折率増大に寄与するイオンをガラス中のイオンと
の交換によって拡散させ、しかる後マスキングを除去し
てＨａイオン、Ｋビオ２等ガラスの屈折率減少に寄与す
るイオンを拡散させる二段階イオン交換法を用いてつく
ることができる。When embedding a waveguide with a substantially circular cross section having a refractive index distribution as described above, for example, the surface of a transparent multi-component glass substrate is masked leaving an opening in a predetermined circuit pattern. ions that contribute to the increase in the refractive index of the substrate glass, such as Tl ions, are diffused through exchange with ions in the glass, and then the masking is removed to remove Ha ions, K ions, etc. that contribute to the decrease in the refractive index of the glass. It can be produced using a two-step ion exchange method that diffuses .
光導波回路の導波路径を、これに接続される光ファイバ
の光伝送部の径よりも大きくしても、ファイバの光伝送
部の径の範囲内で屈折率分布形状が一致しているため、
接続損失が極めて少なく、ファイバの伝送光が効率良く
導波路内に導入される０
〔実 施 例〕
第１図は本発明を分岐・合流回路に適用した例を示す。Even if the waveguide diameter of the optical waveguide circuit is larger than the diameter of the optical transmission section of the optical fiber connected to it, the refractive index distribution shape remains the same within the diameter of the optical transmission section of the fiber. ,
The connection loss is extremely low, and the transmitted light of the fiber is efficiently introduced into the waveguide. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a branching/combining circuit.
ガラス等から成る透明基板ｌに、光導波路２が２段階イ
オン交換法等を用いて一体に埋め込み形成してあり、こ
の導波路２は、基板／の一方の側縁に端部が露出する単
一路２人から２本の分岐路２Ｂ、２０に分岐して基板の
他方の側縁に至る分岐回路を成している。An optical waveguide 2 is integrally embedded into a transparent substrate l made of glass or the like using a two-step ion exchange method, etc., and this waveguide 2 is formed by forming a single layer with an end exposed on one side edge of the substrate. A branch circuit is formed by branching from one path for two people to two branch paths 2B and 20 and reaching the other side edge of the board.
導波路−の断面は第２図に示すように円形であり、屈折
率が基板の他の部分の屈折率ｎｓ よりも高く、且つ
中心における屈折率ｎｃが最大で半径方向に２乗近似で
次第に減少する屈折率勾配が与えられている。導波路２
に、２Ｂ、２Ｃの各端部には屈折率分布型のマルチモー
ド光７アイパｊ’Ａ 、 ｊＢ 。The cross section of the waveguide is circular as shown in Figure 2, and the refractive index is higher than the refractive index ns of other parts of the substrate, and the refractive index nc at the center is maximum and gradually decreases in the radial direction in a square approximation. A decreasing refractive index gradient is provided. Waveguide 2
At each end of 2B and 2C, there are 7 refractive index gradient multimode light beams j'A and jB.
ｊＣがそれぞれ結合され、一本のファイバ５Ａを伝送さ
れた光は単一導波路２Ａに入射した後、２本の分岐路２
Ｂ、２Ｇに分岐され、光ファイバ！Ｂ。jC are respectively coupled, and the light transmitted through one fiber 5A enters a single waveguide 2A, and then enters two branch paths 2.
B, branched to 2G, optical fiber! B.
５Ｇにそれぞれ出射される。また２本のファイバｊＢ、
！；０で伝送される光は分岐路２Ｂ、ｊＣに入射した後
半−路２Ａに合流し、一本の光ファイバｊＡに入射する
。Each will be emitted to 5G. In addition, two fibers jB,
! The light transmitted at 0 joins the latter half path 2A which entered the branch paths 2B and jC, and enters one optical fiber jA.
導波路２の半径ａＷは７アイバｊＡ、ｊＢ、ＩＣの光伝
送部（コア）乙の半径ａｆよりも大きくしてあり、且つ
両者の径及び屈折率分布形状（厳密には中心の屈折率）
は以下のように設計されている。The radius aW of the waveguide 2 is larger than the radius af of the optical transmission part (core) B of the seven fibers jA, jB, and IC, and the diameter and refractive index distribution shape of both (strictly speaking, the refractive index at the center)
is designed as follows.
すなわち導波路２０半径ａＷと中心軸上の最大屈折率ｎ
ｃをほぼ次式に従い決定する。That is, the waveguide 20 radius aW and the maximum refractive index n on the central axis
c is determined approximately according to the following equation.
ｎｃ −ｎｓ＋ｎ□ （／−１−丁ｐ（ａｗ／ａｆ）”
）・・・・・・（１）（１）式において、ｎＳは基板材
の屈折率、ｎｏはファイバの中心軸上の最大屈折率、Ｄ
は７アイパの比屈折率差であって
ｎ□ −ｎクラッド
Ｄ−□である。nc -ns+n□ (/-1-chop(aw/af)"
)...(1) In formula (1), nS is the refractive index of the substrate material, no is the maximum refractive index on the central axis of the fiber, and D
is the relative refractive index difference of 7 Eyepa and is n□ -n cladding D-□.
ｎクラッド
（１）式に従って導波路２の断面径及び屈折率分布（ｎ
ｃを最大とするほぼ２乗分布に近い屈折率分布）を決定
すれば第３図に示すように、７アイパのコア径と同一の
径内では、導波路２とファイバの屈折率分布の輪郭形状
は一致することになり、これによって導波路とファイバ
との接続損失を非常に小さく抑えることができる。
〜ファ径ｓｏμｍ、ｎクラッドーハ弘
６．開口数（ＮＡ） ′−０，２／、比屈折率
差Ｄ −／、０２９％の屈折率分布型石英ファイバを用
いる場合、導波路径１０μｍとするためには、ｎｃ−ｉ
、５ｓｓｔＩとなるように設計する。The cross-sectional diameter and refractive index distribution (n
If we determine the refractive index distribution (approximately a square-law distribution with maximum c), as shown in Figure 3, within the same diameter as the core diameter of the 7-eyeper, the outline of the refractive index distribution of the waveguide 2 and the fiber is determined. The shapes match, and as a result, connection loss between the waveguide and the fiber can be kept very low.
~F diameter so μm, n cladding hiro6. When using a gradient index quartz fiber with numerical aperture (NA) '-0,2/ and relative refractive index difference D-/029%, in order to make the waveguide diameter 10 μm, nc-i
, 5sstI.
このように形成された導波路の開口数
ＮＡ −Ｖ〒；２− Ｈ６２−はおよそ０．３’１７
となる。The numerical aperture NA -V〒;2-H62- of the waveguide formed in this way is approximately 0.3'17
becomes.
本発明は図示例の分岐・合流光回路に限らず、光カプラ
、光分渡合波回路等の光通信用回路や光センサなど、一
般に断面内で屈折率勾配をもつ光導波回路に広く適用す
ることができる。The present invention is not limited to the branching/combining optical circuit shown in the figure, but is widely applicable to optical waveguide circuits that generally have a refractive index gradient in their cross section, such as optical communication circuits such as optical couplers and optical branching/multiplexing circuits, and optical sensors. be able to.
本発明によれば、屈折率分布型の光ファイバに結合する
導波路の径をファイバのコア径に完全に一致させる必要
なく、従来通り導波路の径を７フイバフア径よりも大に
形成しても、両者の屈折率分布形状差に起因する接続損
失を生じることがなく、極めて効率の高い７アイパ、導
波路結合を実現できる。According to the present invention, the diameter of the waveguide coupled to a gradient index optical fiber does not need to completely match the core diameter of the fiber, and the diameter of the waveguide can be formed larger than the seven-fiber diameter as in the past. Also, there is no connection loss due to the difference in the shape of the refractive index distribution between the two, and extremely efficient 7-eyeper and waveguide coupling can be realized.
図は同横断面図、第３図は本発明で用いる光導波路と結
合光ファイバの屈折率分布の例を示す線図である。
／・・・・・・基 板 ２・・・・・・光導波路ｊＡ
、 ｊＢ 、 ＪＣ・・・・・・光ファイバ６・・・・
・・光伝送部
第３図
中心軸からの距離The figure is a cross-sectional view of the same, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the refractive index distribution of the optical waveguide and coupling optical fiber used in the present invention. /... Substrate 2... Optical waveguide jA
, jB, JC... Optical fiber 6...
・Distance from the center axis of the optical transmission section in Figure 3
Claims (1)
に向けて変化する屈折率分布をもつ導波路を形成した光
導波回路において、前記導波路の屈折率分布形状を該導
波路端に接続される光ファイバの光伝送部と同一径内で
略一致するように形成したことを特徴とする光導波回路In an optical waveguide circuit in which a waveguide with a substantially circular cross section and a refractive index distribution in which the refractive index changes from the center to the periphery is formed in a transparent substrate, the refractive index distribution shape of the waveguide is set at the end of the waveguide. An optical waveguide circuit characterized in that the optical waveguide circuit is formed to substantially coincide with the optical transmission part of an optical fiber to be connected within the same diameter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8277786A JPS62238507A (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1986-04-10 | Optical waveguide circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8277786A JPS62238507A (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1986-04-10 | Optical waveguide circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62238507A true JPS62238507A (en) | 1987-10-19 |
Family
ID=13783852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8277786A Pending JPS62238507A (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1986-04-10 | Optical waveguide circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62238507A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0427904A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-30 | Teiji Uchida | Substrate for optical surface packaging circuit and its production |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS559684A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1980-01-23 | Michigan Chem Corp | Flame resistant polymer composition |
| JPS6064310A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-12 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Manufacture of distributed refractive index light guide |
-
1986
- 1986-04-10 JP JP8277786A patent/JPS62238507A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS559684A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1980-01-23 | Michigan Chem Corp | Flame resistant polymer composition |
| JPS6064310A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-12 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Manufacture of distributed refractive index light guide |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0427904A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-30 | Teiji Uchida | Substrate for optical surface packaging circuit and its production |
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