JPS62170510A - Fiber having interference color - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:The titled fibers, having surface parts provided with many small gaps at a specific width and interval, capable of coloring by interference phenomenon of light without using a dye and giving fabrics changing the hue in the viewing direction. CONSTITUTION:Fibers (Y) having surface parts provided with many small gaps (s) substantially parallel in the fiber axis direction at a width (w) (mu) and interval (d) (mu) on the surfaces thereof (provided that w and d satisfy the following relations; 0.3<=w+d<=3.0, 0.1<=w<=2.0 and 0.1<=d<=2.0). A larger depth of the small gaps (s) is preferred and preferable interference color is obtained when the depth is >=0.01mu.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to fibers having interference colors. More specifically, it is a fiber that can develop color using the interference phenomenon of light, and it can develop color without using dyes, or when combined with color development through dyeing, it develops deeper and more vivid colors, making it even more aesthetically pleasing. related to sportswear,
The present invention relates to a novel fiber rich in aesthetics that can be preferably used for clothing fabrics such as casual wear, stage costumes, pantyhose, tights, shirts, and blacks.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, the common method for imparting color to fibers has been to fix organic or inorganic dyes or pigments inside or on the fibers. Various attempts have been made to obtain highly saturated colors; for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 15568/1983.

JP-A-59-228042, JP-A-59-163
There is an invention described in Publication No. 471.

Among these inventions, the invention described in JP-A No. 59-15568 roughens the fiber surface by irradiating synthetic fiber with plasma, and further develops a composition having a refractive index lower than that of the synthetic fiber. The objective is to improve color development and durability by attaching substances in the form of a thin film. In addition, the invention described in JP-A-59-228042 discloses that two or more types of polymers having different shrinkage characteristics are bonded together in the width direction to make a linear flat composite fiber, and the length of the fiber cross section is A fiber having at least 4 protrusions on each side in the transverse direction, and the flatness of the fiber cross section is 2.5 to 1.
A special range of 5 is used, and 60% or more of the fibers on the fiber surface stand up at an angle of 45 or more with respect to the fabric surface. The present invention relates to a fabric containing scale-structured fibers, and is intended to provide an elegant color effect similar to that seen in butterfly wings.

Furthermore, the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 59-163471 applies plasma irradiation to a fiber structure in which opaque particles are attached to the fiber surface, and the parts not shielded by the particles are etched by the plasma to create recesses. On the other hand, the portions shielded by the fine particles are not etched to form convex portions, forming irregularities on the fiber surface, and the convex and convex portions have a center-to-center distance of 0.01 between adjacent convex portions. 1 to 1 micron, and the convex portion is 1 to 200 per 1 square micron.
It is a fiber structure with a roughened surface, and is intended to improve the depth of color of dyed products by using such a fiber structure.

All of these methods aim to reduce the amount of light reflected on the surface by roughening the surface of the fiber or fabric in order to increase the depth of the color of the dyed product. However, according to the studies of the present inventors, it is absolutely impossible to obtain the bright colors that are the purpose of the present invention, and the purpose of the technology is also different between the present invention and these known techniques. .

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In view of the above points,9 the present inventors previously filed a patent application in 1986-16.
No. 4761, this could not be obtained with the prior art. We have proposed a fabric that has bright colors, can develop color without using dyes, or can develop deeper and more vivid colors by combining dyeing with dyes, and has less fading, and a method for producing the fabric. The present invention aims to achieve this objective at the fiber stage, and aims to provide a novel fiber having an interference color that cannot be found in the prior art. If the fibers can be made to have interference colors at the fiber stage, which can be considered as raw materials for fabrics, the color will be more vivid compared to the case where they are processed to have interference colors after being made into fabrics. Various combinations with other seed yarns are possible, which increases the freedom of high-order processing and makes it possible to obtain products with even better aesthetics.

[Failure to solve the problem]

The present invention, which achieves the above object, has the following configuration.

That is, the fiber having an interference color of the present invention is characterized by having a large number of surface portions substantially parallel to the fiber axis direction at substantially constant intervals d (microns) satisfying the fiber. It is a fiber with interference color.

0.3≦w −1−d≦3.0 (a) 0
．． 1≦w≦2.0 (b) 0.1≦d
≦2.0 (c) [Function] The present invention will be explained in more detail based on the following five drawings and the like.

The fiber of the present invention has a surface portion provided with a large number of slits, which will be described in detail below. of course.

A slit may be provided on the entire surface1. Here, a ``slit'' refers to a concave portion that exists continuously with a narrow width and a certain length. 1 schematically shows an example of the form of the slit according to the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a slit S is provided on the surface of a fiber Y. In order to achieve the intended purpose of the present invention, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, the width W of the slit S is 0. The width W of each adjacent slit S is within the range of 1 to 2.0 microns
It is important that the

That is, it is important that W satisfies 0.1≦w≦2.0, and it is preferable that the fluctuation of W be within ±20 degrees of the average value.

Also, regarding the distance d (microns) between the slit S and the adjacent slit S.

It is essential that 0.1≦d≦2.0, and the variation in d is preferably within ±20% of its average value.

Furthermore, according to the studies of the present inventors, in order to achieve the intended purpose, the width W and the distance d of the slit S are set as follows.

0.3≦w + d≦6.0 It is essential that

The values of w, d, (w-1-d) are important for generating interference colors, and W or d exceeds 2.0 microns, or (w-)-d). The value is 6.
If it exceeds 0 micron, clear interference colors cannot be obtained according to the findings of the present inventors.

On the other hand, if W and d are less than 0.1 micron, it becomes difficult to control W and d to approximately constant values, which makes it difficult to obtain clear interference colors.

The slit has a depth r, and the slit has a depth r(
It can be said that the larger the diameter (micron), the more preferable it is, and if it is 0.01 micron or more, a preferable interference color can be obtained. The width W of the slit and the distance d do not need to be equal values.

It is practical to provide the slits parallel to the fiber axis, and it is also preferable from the viewpoint of the process of providing the slits.

Although it is preferable that the slits extend in a straight line, they may have a curved shape such as a wave shape, or may be partially cut and discontinuous.

Most of the slits should be substantially parallel to each other, but some of the slits may form straight lines or curved lines that intersect with each other.

That is, in the fiber of the present invention having the above-described configuration,
The minimum area of the surface portion including a large number of slits arranged substantially in parallel may be an area that allows interference colors to be recognized visually by nine people. Thus, although the slits may be provided over the entire surface of the fiber, it is not necessary to do so, and the slits may be provided only partially.

In the fibers of the present invention, for the purpose of improving the durability of color development using interference phenomena, the fiber surface with the above-mentioned pores is further coated with a refractive index lower than that of the material that makes up the surface. It is effective to coat a resin film containing Namely.

The resin film can protect the slits and at the same time reduce the amount of surface reflected light from the fiber surface,
It is possible to make the interference color even darker. The resin film may fill the pores on the surface of the fibers, and this has a greater effect of protecting the pores.

Of course, the fibers of the present invention may be colored with dyes, pigments, etc. through treatments such as dyeing.

The fibers of the present invention are preferably thermoplastic synthetic fiber filaments, and nylon or polyester filament yarns with a small number of twists are effective.

Furthermore, in the present invention, in order to further improve color development, the fiber surface is provided with slits.

It may also be covered with a thin coating of metal such as aluminum or gold, which can be obtained, for example, by applying metal vapor deposition to the surface of the fibers of the invention. In particular, when both of the above-mentioned resin film coating and metal coating are employed, the metal film may be provided by metal vapor deposition or the like, and then the resin film may be coated.

An example of the method for producing a fiber having interference color according to the present invention will be described below.

The fiber of the present invention can be produced by spinning a bicomponent composite fiber with a special cross-sectional shape and dissolving and removing one component.

FIGS. 2 to 4 are model diagrams illustrating typical examples of the cross-sectional shapes of the above-mentioned bicomponent conjugate fibers. For example, in Figure 2,
The composite fiber Y' consists of an A component and a B component, and the B component is divided into many parts by the A component. The B component is located on the outer periphery of the fiber Y' and exists in a wedge shape in the direction inside the fiber. A
The components are present in the fiber center and in a range from the fiber center to the fiber surface.

By dissolving and removing component B from the conjugate fiber Y' having such a shape, the shape of component A is hardly or not changed at all, and slits S are made to exist at approximately constant intervals around the outer periphery of the fiber as shown in FIG. This makes it possible to use the fiber Y of the present invention.
can be obtained.

The composite fiber in Figure 6 has an elliptical cross section, and the composite fiber in Figure 4 has a triangular cross section.
By dissolving and removing the components.

It becomes possible to make the slits S exist at approximately constant intervals on the outer periphery of the fiber Y as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the above, the non-soluble component A and the easily soluble component B can be obtained by selecting two types having different solubility in a solvent from polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polyacrylonitrile, etc., which have known fiber-forming properties. . for example.

If a combination of polyester and polyamide is used, and the former is treated as easily soluble component B, only the polyester will be dissolved by treatment with an alkali, whereas if the latter is treated with an acid, only the polyamide will be dissolved. receive.

If the combination is made of polyolefin as non-soluble component A and polyester as easily soluble component B, it can be treated with alkali.

Only polyester is affected by dissolution. In this way, various selections can be made for the A component and the B component.

From the viewpoint of ease of dissolution and removal treatment, safety, cost, etc., treatment using an alkaline aqueous solution as a solvent is preferable, and as component B, a polymer with high alkali solubility is preferable. As an alkali-soluble polymer.

Examples include copolymers or blends of polyester and polyalkylene glycols, polyesters containing anionic surfactants, and polyesters containing metal sulfonate groups.

The polymer that forms the B component is that it can stably spin composite fibers and can be easily and evenly dissolved and removed.

Particularly preferred is a polyester copolymerized with 24 moles or more of metal sulfonate-containing ester units.

The polymers forming component A and component B contain a matting agent within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.

It is also possible to contain additives such as antioxidants, fluorescent whitening agents, flame retardants, and ultraviolet absorbers.

The ratio of the A component and the B component forming the composite fiber according to the present invention, that is, the composite ratio, is the width of the groove in the B component.

It varies greatly depending on depth, pitch, and shape, and the weight ratio of A component: B component is 60:40 to 95:5.
The range is preferably 70:30 to 90:10.

Next, an example of a die device for manufacturing composite fibers according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a die device that can be preferably used when manufacturing composite fibers having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 2, and FIGS. 9, 10,
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L-L' of FIG. 8, and M
-1/cross-sectional view and N-N' arrow sectional view.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of FIG. 10. The cap device is on the top plate 1
．． It consists of a middle plate 2 and a lower plate 3. In FIG. 8, A is the A component and B is the B component, and A passes through the opening 4 of the upper plate 1 and the central discharge hole 5 of the middle plate 2 and flows into the opening 10 of the lower plate 3. On the other hand, the B component is the liquid pool 7 between the upper plate 1 and the middle plate 2.
It flows from the groove 9 provided in the horizontal protrusion 8 through the discharge hole 6 of the middle plate 2 and into the opening 10 of the lower plate 3. Here, the shape of the upper plate discharge hole B is as shown in FIG. 9 in the upper part.

It divides into a plurality of holes as shown in FIG. 10 from the middle.

Four grooves 9 are provided on the upper surface of the protrusion 8.

The B component flowing into the opening 10 of the lower plate 6 is separated into a plurality of parts by the A component, and the cross-sectional shape of the composite fiber discharged from the lower plate discharge hole 9 becomes as shown in FIG. Composite fibers having cross-sectional shapes as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 or other than those shown in FIG. This can be obtained by appropriately changing the shapes of the grooves 9, lower plate discharge holes 11, etc.

Composite fibers obtained using the above-mentioned die device.

If necessary, it is applied with an oil agent, stretched, or heat-treated to give it sufficient mechanical properties, and then wound onto a bobbin. The conjugate fiber is used as a thread or after being knitted and woven, and the B component is separated or eluted and removed using a chemical solution or the like. 6th. A fiber having the interference color of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 7 is obtained.

By coating the fiber of the present invention or the surface of a fabric using the fiber with a resin film having a lower refractive index than the substance constituting the fiber surface, the aesthetics provided by the fiber of the present invention can be further improved. It is possible to prevent the slits from collapsing, and is practically effective.

That is, by taking such a measure, it is possible to prevent the slits from being destroyed over a long period of time due to washing or rubbing when worn as clothes.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the specific configuration and effects of the present invention will be explained using Examples.

Example 1 Nylon 6 with a sulfuric acid viscosity of 2.4 was used as the A component.

In orthochlorophenol at 25°C as component B.

Intrinsic viscosity [0,54 ethylene 5-redium sulfoisophthalate (2,4 mol%)/ethylene terephthalate]
Using (97,6 mole) copolymer polyester, the 8th
A composite fiber having a cross section as shown in FIG. 2 was obtained by performing composite spinning at a spinning temperature of 280 DEG C. and a spinning speed of 1200 m/min using the spindle device shown in FIG. The composite ratio of component A and component B was 73:27. This fiber was subsequently stretched at a drawing speed of 500 m/min, a heating pin of 110°C, and a drawing ratio of 3.1.
Normal stretching was carried out at a double speed to obtain a drawn yarn of 75 denier and 24 filaments. This drawn yarn was made into taffeta through a normal weaving process for vertical and horizontal weaving.

The resulting woven fabric has a NaOH concentration of 30g/l! ,100℃
An alkali treatment was carried out for 30 minutes to completely dissolve and remove component B.

When the cross-sectional shape of the fibers decomposed from the taffeta thus obtained was observed, the width W of the slits attached to the fiber surface was 0.7 microns, and the distance d between the slits was 0.7 microns. 5 microns, and the slit depth r was 2 microns.

- When the surface of the fabric made of the fibers of the present invention thus obtained was viewed under sunlight, it was aesthetically pleasing as it emitted a bright interference color that changed depending on the viewing direction.

When this fabric was further dyed black using a conventional method, the interference color became even more vivid and wonderful.

Comparative Example 1 Using the A component and B component of Example 1, the shape of the middle plate discharge hole was partially changed using the die device shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, and 75 denier was obtained under spinning and drawing conditions according to Example 1. 24 filament drawn yarn. The composite ratio of A component:B component is 97:3
And so.

After weaving this drawn yarn into a fabric according to Example 1,
Component B was completely dissolved and removed by treatment with an alkaline aqueous solution. The weight loss rate in the alkaline aqueous solution treatment was 7 cm.

When the cross-sectional shape of the fibers decomposed from the tack thus obtained was observed, the width W of the slits attached to the fiber surface was 2.7 microns, and the distance d between the slits was 6. 0 micron, and the slit depth r was 0.2 micron.

When the surface of the fabric thus obtained was closely examined under sunlight, interference colors were observed to occur, but they were weak and not very effective.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the above-described invention, a fiber that develops color through the interference phenomenon of light can be obtained without using dyes, and when this fiber is used, the hue changes depending on the viewing direction.

This makes it possible to obtain novel fabrics that have never existed before.

Furthermore, by combining coloring with conventional dyes and pigments, we can create deep colors that cannot be obtained with dyes and pigments alone.
You can obtain deep colors with subtle changes in hue. Further according to the invention.

It is possible to obtain a color with high fastness, that is, a color that hardly changes over time.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to use a dye liquid or the like as in the conventional method, and there is an advantage that a fabric having a hue can be obtained through a completely dry process.

　　゛

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the form of pores on the fiber surface according to the present invention. FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 are explanatory diagrams of representative examples of the cross-sectional shape of the bicomponent composite fiber used to produce the fiber according to the present invention. FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 are FIG. 2, respectively. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the fiber of the present invention that can be obtained from the bicomponent composite fiber shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a die device that can be preferably used when manufacturing a bicomponent composite fiber according to the present invention. Figures 9, 10, and 11 are. They are an LL' cross-sectional view, an MM' cross-sectional view, and an N-N' cross-sectional view in FIG. 8, respectively. FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of FIG. 10. Y: Fiber A: A component BIB component S: Slit W: Slit width d: Distance between slits r: Slit depth 1: Top Plate 2: Middle Plate 6: Bottom Plate 4 : Upper plate opening 5: Middle plate center discharge hole 6: Middle plate outer discharge hole 7: Liquid reservoir 8 Two protrusions 9: Groove 10: Lower plate opening 11: Lower plate discharge hole

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) On the fiber surface, there are slits with a substantially constant width w (microns) that satisfy the following two equations (a) and (b), as shown in the following (a),
A nearly constant interval d (microns) that satisfies the two equations in (c)
A fiber having an interference color, characterized in that the fiber has a large number of surface portions attached in parallel to the fiber axis direction. 0.3≦w+d≦3.0 (a) 0.1≦w≦2.0 (b) 0.1≦d≦2.0 (c) (2) A fiber having an interference color according to claim (1), wherein the depth r of the slits is 0.01 micron or more. (3) The fiber surface portion where the slits are provided is covered with a resin film having a lower refractive index than the substance constituting the fiber surface.
A fiber having an interference color as described in item ) or item (2). (4) The interference described in claim (1), (2), or (3), characterized in that the fiber surface portion to which the slits are provided is covered with a metal film. Fibers with color.