JPS6216747Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an armature winding of a rotating electrical machine, and particularly to the formation of a multi-pole winding.

In a multiphase AC armature winding, the voltage induced in the windings wound in each groove has a phase difference depending on the position of each groove.Generally, the grooves in the armature core are formed at equal angles, and the two-layer winding In this case, the lower winding is formed inside at the same angle as the upper winding.

Therefore, the mechanical angle θ between the grooves of the armature core having the number of grooves Z is expressed as θ=360°/Z (1). Also, the relationship between mechanical angle and electrical angle is as follows: electrical angle = mechanical angle x number of poles/2...(2). Therefore, the electrical angle α between adjacent grooves is α=360°/Z×P/2 (3) where the number of poles is represented by P. Here, the number of poles P is expressed as the number of pole pairs where each N pole and S pole is one pole pair, and the number of pole pairs p is p=P/
Since it can be expressed as 2, equation (3) becomes as follows.

_{α = 360 °} There are no divisors in between. _{Therefore ,} equation (3-1) becomes Z ₀ α = 360 _° This corresponds to two poles (one pole pair) of the integer groove winding. Therefore, this 2p ₀ pole
Considering _Z0 grooves, in general, in order for the m-layer winding to be a balanced winding, the S
Since the phase must exist, the following relationship holds true.

Z ₀ /m = integer ... (3-3) Furthermore, the voltage vector of the winding wound in each groove is expressed as the voltage vector e ₁ on the upper winding side that enters groove number 1 and the upper winding side that enters groove number 2, respectively. The voltage vector on the side is e ₂ , and the voltage vector on the upper winding side entering groove number Z is ez, and if the sum of these voltage vectors becomes zero, it becomes a balanced polyphase winding. Generally, since the number of winding turns is the same, the magnitude of the induced voltage is the same, and the voltage vectors e ₁ , e ₂ , ..., ez are respectively e ₁ = eε ^jo , e ₂
It can be expressed as = eε ^j 〓, ......, ez=eε ^j(Z-1) 〓. Therefore, a voltage vector V that is a combination of these voltage vectors is expressed by the following equation (4), and when this voltage vector V is zero, it becomes a balanced multiphase winding.

V=e ₁ +e ₂ +e ₃ +...+ez =eε ^j ₀ +eε ^j 〓+eε ^j2 〓+... +eε ^j(Z-1) 〓 ...(4) In addition, equilibrium is generally determined by the number of grooves q for each pole and each phase. It is possible to give conditions. Now m is the phase number, P
is the number of poles and Z is the number of grooves, then the number of grooves q for each pole and each phase is expressed as q=Z/m・P... (5) In addition, in the fractional groove winding, a,
When b and c are positive integers and c/b is an irreducible fraction, it can be expressed as q=a+c/b...(6). Here, if q≧1, generally the winding direction of the winding is reversed for each pole and the N and S poles are formed in turn, for example, the winding that forms the N pole of the first phase is After storing the winding in the groove, reverse the winding and store it in the groove to form the S pole and connect it to the winding that was forming the N pole, and repeat this process to create the N pole.
The entire winding is housed in the groove by forming the pole and the south pole in sequence. Also, when q≦0.5, only the N pole (all N poles when q=0.5, part of the N pole when q<0.5) is formed by winding, and the S pole is virtual. All the windings can be stored by storing the windings wound in the same direction in the groove and connecting these windings.

On the other hand, if 1>q>0.5, all N
Since the poles and some S poles were formed by winding, the windings had to be reversed irregularly to form the S poles, which complicated the winding storage work. Ta.

The present invention was developed for the case of 1>q>0.5 in which the windings are reversed irregularly, so a=0 in equation (6), and the two poles ( Find the number of grooves n ₀ for one pole pair). The number of grooves Z is expressed as Z=m・P・q (5-1) from equation (5). Here, n ₀ is the number of grooves for two poles, so if 2 is substituted for P in this equation, n ₀ =2mq=2mc/b (7). And since c/b is an irreducible fraction,
If there is a divisor between 2mc and b, it is a divisor of 2m and b, and if this greatest common divisor is r, then 2m=rm ₀ , b=rb ₀ ...(8), and n It can be expressed as ₀ = m ₀ c/b ₀ ...(9). Therefore, b contains an integer number of grooves for the first time for ₀ pole pairs. As a result, the number of grooves n ₀ b ₀ that b ₀ pole pairs have is expressed as n ₀ b ₀ = m ₀ c (= Z ₀ )...(10), and from equation (3-3), n ₀ b ₀ /m=m ₀ c/m=2c/r=integer...(11) holds true. Therefore, balanced winding is possible when r is 1 or 2, that is, when there is no divisor of 3 or more between 2m and b from equation (8).

A conventional winding will be explained with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3 to 6. FIG. 1 shows a voltage vector diagram on the upper winding side accommodated in each groove of the two-layer armature winding.
This figure shows the voltage vector of the upper winding that enters each groove based on the voltage vector of the upper winding that enters the groove with groove number #1 when the number of grooves is 24 and the number of poles is 14. The electric machine angle α of the voltage vector of the upper winding that enters the adjacent grooves is α=360°/24×14/2=105° from equation (3), so α=105° is obtained.

Conventionally, the grooves that house the windings of each phase are balanced windings, and in order to increase the voltage vector per phase, the voltage vector of each groove (current is applied to the windings housed in each groove from one direction) is used. The voltage vector generated when the current flows) was distributed equally at 60 degrees, and then grooves shifted by 180 degrees were combined to distribute the voltage to each phase.
Therefore, by reversing the winding direction of the winding between the grooves shifted by 180 degrees for each phase, the direction of the current is reversed and the voltage vector is generated in the opposite direction.
A voltage vector was formed for each layer.

In FIG. 1, 1', 2', 3'..., 24' represent the voltage vectors of the upper winding that enter groove numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , 24, respectively. Here, since the winding direction of the winding with the groove number indicated by the dotted line voltage vector is reversed, the direction of the current is reversed, and therefore the voltage vector is also reversed by 180 degrees, and the winding shown by the solid line For example, voltage vector 1
3', 20', 3', and 10' are combined with voltage vectors 1', 8', 15', and 22', respectively, to form a phase voltage vector as shown in the following equation, and similarly, the phase and phase voltages are form a vector.

e _I = e ₁ + e ₈ + e ₁₅ + e ₂₂ + (-e ₁₃ ) + (-e ₂₀ ) + (-e ₃ ) + (-e ₁₀ ) According to this voltage vector, each voltage vector is connected to the upper winding of each groove. FIG. 3 shows an example of the winding arrangement when the lower winding has two grooves (groove numbers #1 to #3).
The reason why the winding pitch is set to 2 grooves is that the actual winding pitch is an integer because the windings are placed in an integral number of grooves, and it is set to a value that is equal to or close to the pole pitch (Z/P). This is because the more you do it, the better the efficiency becomes.

In the figure, the numbers at the top indicate groove numbers, the upper row indicates the upper winding, and the lower row indicates the lower winding. Also,
○, △, □ represent phase, phase, phase, 〓, 〓,
□× indicates that the direction of current flowing through the winding is opposite to ◎, 〓, and □Γ. Therefore the voltage
The windings to be reversed by 180° are indicated by 〓, 〓, and □×, respectively.

Figure 4 shows the magnetomotive force distribution of each phase at a certain instant (phase current = 1, phase current = -1/2, phase current = -1/2) in the winding arrangement shown in Figure 3. They are shown according to groove numbers. In addition, Figure 5 shows the magnetomotive force distribution that combines these,
14 poles, 7 poles each on upper N and lower S of the reference line (7
It was confirmed that 14 poles were formed on the armature by the winding arrangement shown in Figure 3.

FIG. 6 is a connection diagram of the windings housed in the grooves in the winding arrangement shown in FIG. 3. FIG. As shown in Figure 6, in the past, the voltage vector shown by the dotted line in Figure 1 was
In order to reverse the winding by 180 degrees, it was necessary to reverse the direction of the current flowing through the winding, and the winding direction had to be reversed when connecting. For example, the third
As can be seen from the diagram and Fig. 6 regarding the phases, the winding that enters the upper side of groove number #1 is wound on the lower side of groove number #3 (in the forward direction), and then starts from the lower side of groove number #5 (in the forward direction). The winding direction is reversed to the upper side of groove number #3 (reverse direction), then from the upper side of groove number #8 to the lower side of groove number #10 (forward direction), and then to the bottom of groove number #12. from the side to the upper side of groove number #10 (reverse direction), and then from the lower side of groove number #15 to the upper side of groove number #13 (reverse direction),
From the top of groove number #15 to the bottom of groove number #17 (forward direction), and from the top of groove number #22 to the bottom of groove number #21 (reverse direction) from the top of groove number #22 to groove number # twenty four
The winding direction had to be reversed irregularly so that the winding was wound downwards (in the forward direction). Particularly in the case of fractional groove winding, the number of windings is large in many cases with multi-pole machines, so when connecting these windings, the number of connections increases, which not only increases the number of processing steps but also complicates the work and makes the connection difficult. The problem was that the number of errors increased.

This invention was made with the aim of solving the above-mentioned problems, and made it possible to perform balanced winding without reversing the winding direction (direction of current), that is, without reversing the magnetic poles. The purpose is to provide armature windings.

In other words, in the present invention, the number of grooves q for each pole and each phase is 0.5<
In a two-layer armature winding that forms a fractional groove winding where q<1 and in which the voltage vectors of each phase are balanced, the windings are wound so that all the winding directions are the same, and By arranging the windings so that the currents flowing in the upper and lower windings are in the same direction, and in the opposite direction for the upper and lower windings in each groove, the windings can be stored in the grooves without reversing. It is characterized by the fact that

The present invention will be explained below with reference to FIG. 2 and FIGS. 7 to 10. Figure 2 shows the present invention in three phases14
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the voltage vector of the upper winding that enters each groove and the phase of the current flowing through the winding when applied to an armature with 24 poles and grooves. Since the amount of current flowing through each winding is equal, the magnitude of the voltage vector is equal, and the potential difference between the upper windings of adjacent grooves is α=105° from equation (3), as in the conventional example. Further, the number of grooves q for one pole and one phase is obtained from equation (5) as follows: q=24/3×14=4/7, and b=7 is obtained from equation (6). here
Since 2m=6, there is no divisor of 3 or more between b and 2m, so balanced winding is possible. For example, if each voltage vector is equally divided by 120 degrees with respect to groove number #1 and distributed to each phase as shown in Figure 2, the voltage vector that cancels the voltage vector of any phase will be the voltage vector of each phase. can be obtained by synthesizing one of each. Therefore, the second
If a winding that generates a voltage vector is formed as shown in the figure, it will become a balanced winding.

Next, consider the arrangement of the windings that go into each groove. If each voltage vector is replaced with the direction of the current flowing through the upper winding of each groove according to Figure 2, the direction of the current flowing through the upper winding will all be the same, so the winding direction will always be from the upper winding to the lower winding. wrapped. Figure 7 shows that the winding is always wound from the upper winding to the lower winding, and the winding pitch is set to 2 grooves.
{Groove numbers #1 to #3, pole pitch (Z/P=
1.71) is 100%, the ratio is 117%} is shown using the same symbols as in Figure 3. The reason why the winding pitch is set to 2 grooves is that the actual winding pitch is an integer because the windings are placed in an integral number of grooves, and it is set to a value that is equal to or close to the pole pitch (Z/P). This is because the more you do it, the better the efficiency becomes.

In the figure, the upper row shows the windings that enter above the grooves, and the windings of each phase enter the grooves that generate the voltage vectors distributed to each phase in FIG. 2, respectively. The lower row shows the winding that enters the lower side of the groove, and is shifted by the winding pitch from the winding that enters the upper side. For example, upper windings A, B, and C belong to phase, phase, and phase, respectively, and are wound to lower windings A', B', and C'.

A connection diagram for one phase of the windings arranged in this manner is shown in FIG. 10, taking the phases as an example. In the figure, the winding is wound from the upper side of groove number #1 to the lower side of groove number #3 (in the forward direction), and then from the upper side of groove number #2 to the lower side of the groove number #4 (in the forward direction). ), then from the upper side of groove number #5 to the lower side of groove number #7 (forward direction), and then from the upper side of groove number #8 to the lower side of groove number #10. (forward direction), and then from the upper side of groove number #12 to the lower side of the groove number #14 (forward direction), and then from the upper side of the groove number #15 to the groove number #17. from the upper side of the groove number #21 to the lower side of the groove number #21 (forward direction), and then from the upper side of the groove number #22 to the lower side of the groove number #21. Underside of #24 groove (forward direction)
rolled around.

In this way, it is possible to form a winding by always winding in a fixed direction.

Figure 8 shows the magnetomotive force distribution of each phase at a certain moment (phase current = 1, phase current = -1/2, phase current = -1/2) in the winding arrangement shown in Figure 7. They are shown according to groove numbers. Moreover, FIG. 9 shows the magnetomotive force distribution obtained by combining these.
In Figure 9, 7 is placed above the reference line and 7 is placed below the reference line.
Since there are 14 poles for each pole, it is confirmed that 14 poles are formed on the armature by the winding arrangement shown in FIG.

As mentioned above, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to form a balanced winding without reversing the voltage vector, so there is no need to reverse the winding direction of the winding. It is also possible to reduce the number of connections and wind the windings continuously.

Although the above-mentioned embodiment is a case of 3 phases, 14 poles, and 24 grooves, the present invention is applicable to all fractional groove windings that satisfy equation (4). Therefore, as mentioned above, this is possible when there is no divisor of 3 or more between 2m and b. For example, in the case of 3 phases and 24 grooves, in addition to 14 poles,
10 poles are possible, and the number of grooves is 36 with 3 phases.
In this case, 14 poles, 16 poles, 20 poles, and 22 poles are possible. Furthermore, possible numbers of poles can be obtained in the same manner for other numbers of grooves.

As described above, in the armature winding of the present invention, it is possible to form a balanced winding without reversing the winding of the winding.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the voltage vector of a conventional winding.
Fig. 2 is a voltage vector diagram of the winding according to the present invention, Fig. 3 is a conventional winding arrangement diagram, Fig. 4 is a magnetomotive force distribution diagram of each phase of the conventional winding, and Fig. 5 is the resultant magnetomotive force. Distribution diagram, Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the winding connection of only the phases of the conventional winding, Fig. 7 is a winding arrangement diagram according to the winding method of one embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the winding connection of each phase of the present invention. Figure 9 is the composite magnetomotive force distribution diagram.
FIG. 10 is a winding connection diagram of only the winding phases of an embodiment of the present invention. 1' to 24'...Voltage vectors of the windings entering each groove number #1 to #24. A, A'... Upper and lower windings of the phase. B, B'... Upper and lower windings of the phase.
C, C'...shows the upper and lower windings of the phase, and D...shows the winding. ◎，〓，□Γ……Each phase, phase,
The phase winding represents the current flowing upward from the page. 〓、〓、
□×...Represents the current downward from the paper surface for each phase, phase, and phase winding.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] In the armature winding of multi-phase AC two-layer winding, which forms a fractional groove winding in which the number of grooves q of one pole and one phase satisfies 0.5<q<1, and the voltage vector of each phase is balanced, this winding All wires were wound in the same direction, and the windings were arranged so that the current flowing in the upper and lower windings was in the same direction, but in the opposite direction for the upper and lower windings in each groove. An armature winding characterized by: