JP2637103B2 - Armature winding - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to an improvement in an armature winding of a polyphase balanced motor capable of switching the number of poles.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, the armature windings of a pole number switching motor are wound with windings corresponding to the respective numbers of poles, and coils B and C wound around respective poles in one slot A as shown in FIG. , With D,
In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of terminals are provided on one winding, and the number of poles is changed by changing the connection in each phase. FIG. 11 shows an example in which the number of slots is 24 and the number of slots is three, two and four.

If the former has windings corresponding to the number of poles in one slot A, since a plurality of coils are wound in one slot, the slot size becomes large, and the number of wound coils is also limited.

In the latter case, the number of poles to be converted is limited because the switching is performed by reconnecting the coils in each phase. In this winding, the smaller the number of poles, the smaller the number of poles, and the number of coils q per pole / phase is 1 or more, so the number of slots limits the number of poles. Therefore, it has been desired to develop an armature winding which has a large number of poles and can convert the number of poles in one winding while keeping the number of slots constant.

On the other hand, a multi-speed single coil capable of switching the number of poles, mainly for reducing quadrupole harmonics generated by pole number switching and for minimizing dipole harmonics as much as possible An AC rotating machine is conventionally known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-33127. This means that the two coil groups with the same winding configuration are wound around the armature core with a proper armature angle α (40 ° <α <110 ° or −40 °>α> 110 °) shifted, The number of poles is switched so as to form a single coil armature winding by connecting them in series so that the polarities of the poles are the same, and to switch the coil connection in the coil group to change the number of poles of the armature winding. It is equipped with a device.

In the publication, the number q of coils of one pole and one phase is smaller than 1 and larger than 0.5. For this reason, there has been a demand for the development of an armature winding capable of changing the number of poles while keeping the number of slots constant, further increasing the number of poles in one winding.

As an armature winding to achieve this, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-2022
No. 0 publication is known. This is because, in a lap winding armature winding composed of coils having a coil pitch smaller than the pole pitch, the same set of coils are connected so as to have the same magnetic pole, and a pole is placed between adjacent coils of the same set. A coil arrangement having an interval exceeding twice the pitch is included, and two or more different numbers of poles can be obtained by changing the connection of the coils.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) According to Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-20220, although the number of poles can be switched in the same winding, the number of poles which is most useful for a hoisting machine and the like is disclosed. It is difficult to switch the pole number with a large ratio. In addition, there is also a problem that the induced voltage is reduced due to a decrease in the short winding coefficient.

According to the present invention, a large number of poles having a pole ratio exceeding 2 can be switched by the same winding, and a decrease in the short-coil winding coefficient is small.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an armature winding that does not use a special number of slots.

[Configuration of the invention]

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-phase balanced armature winding in which the number of poles is switched by the same winding, in which the coil pitch of the coil with respect to a small number of poles is small. The arrangement is such that the coil pitch of the coil with respect to the large number of poles is an odd multiple of the pole pitch of the large number of poles and is in the vicinity of a multiple larger than n. By changing the connection of the coil, the number of poles is converted into two or more different pole numbers exceeding two.

(Operation) By taking the above-described means, it is possible to switch the number of poles with a large pole ratio by the same winding, to reduce the reduction of the short-turn winding coefficient, to reduce the number of connection switching parts, and to reduce the number of poles and phases. It is possible to obtain an armature winding that can be configured with a large number of poles in which the number of slots is 1/3 to 1/2.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an armature core having 36 slots. FIG. 2 shows an armature winding having three phases and a small number of poles, that is, four poles. FIG. 1 is an armature winding diagram of a large number of poles in three phases, that is, 32 poles. In FIGS. 1 and 2, numerals with # signs, for example, # 1 and # 2 indicate slot numbers, solid lines indicate U-phase windings, broken lines indicate V-phases, and dashed lines indicate W-phases. Therefore, only the U-phase coil connection is shown, and the V and W phases are connected in the same manner by changing the phase. In these figures, N and S indicate real poles and indicates imaginary poles. FIG. 2 shows a three-phase, four-pole, lap winding armature winding. The coil pitch is # 1 to # 9, and the pole pitch (36 slots # 4
Pole) It is 0.889 near 1 calculated by. Therefore, the short winding factor K _P is Thus, the decrease of the quadrupole fundamental wave is small. The number of slots q corresponding to one pole and one is three. FIG. 1 shows a three-phase, 32-pole, lap winding armature winding in which the parts within the circles indicated by broken lines in FIG.
# 9, and the ratio β to the pole pitch 1.12 (that is, 36 slots ÷ 32 poles) Is calculated to be 7.111, which is the odd 7 neighborhood. Therefore, the short winding factor K _P is And the decrease of the 32-pole fundamental wave is small. The number of slots q corresponding to one pole and one pole is 3/8. The winding of FIG.
This is a very long section winding in the vicinity of an odd value where β exceeds 1, and the coil end becomes large. Also, for the value of q, the winding connection is usually simple. 1,2,3,
Select an integer value such as 4 ...
Since the above values are selected, Is a design that is usually difficult to adopt. As described above, the first embodiment is characterized in that a large β value, which is not usually employed, and a q value, which is a small fraction, are taken for a large pole winding. Now, comparing the winding diagrams of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it can be seen that the only difference is the connection indicated by the dashed circle. That is, by changing the connection of the portion indicated by the broken-line circle of the winding in FIG. 1 or FIG. Moreover, it is possible to use the same winding corner the slot is small, and, close to the absolute value of the short-pitch winding factor K _P is 1, the reduction of the fundamental wave component is less advantageous.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the arrangement of coils in the slots corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, and the voltage vector when a three-phase voltage is applied at the time of Y connection. In FIGS. 3 and 4, U, V, and W indicate the respective phases, + indicates the direction from the bottom to the top of the conductor in the slot in FIGS. 1 and 2, and-indicates the direction from the top to the bottom. , # Indicates a slot number, a number with a dash in a vector indicates a lower coil, and a number without a dash indicates an upper coil. The phase difference between one slot is 10 ° in mechanical angle, 20 ° in 4-pole electrical angle, and 160 ° in 32-pole electrical angle. The voltage vector is indicated by this electrical angle.

In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the fundamental wave (32 poles or 4
The resultant voltage vector with respect to (pole) is large and three-phase balanced.

Although not shown, the composite voltage vector for the poles other than the fundamental wave is very small. As can be seen from the voltage vector, the phase rotation is reversed between the 4 poles and the 32 poles. Therefore, when the connection is switched for the purpose of pole number conversion, the broken lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 are used. In addition to switching the circle part of
It is necessary to replace two phases of the three-phase power supply lines to match the phase rotation direction.

Note that the coil pitch is always in the vicinity of an odd multiple of the pole pitch. However, in the case of an even multiple, the pair of N poles and S poles enters between one coil, and the induced voltage is offset. This means that Kp = Sin (β · π /
In 2), it can be understood that if an even number is substituted as the value of β obtained by dividing the coil pitch by the pole pitch, Kp becomes zero and no induced voltage is generated.

Embodiment 2 FIGS. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an armature core having 36 slots to form a single-layer armature winding.
FIG. 6 is a three-phase four-pole armature winding diagram, and FIG. 5 is a three-phase 28-pole armature winding diagram. The symbols, numerals, etc. in FIGS. 5 and 6 are the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2. Sixth
The figure shows a three-phase four-pole armature winding with coil pitches # 1 to #
10, β is 1.0, and the short winding factor K _P is 1.0 with respect to the fundamental wave. Therefore, the decrease of the quadrupole fundamental wave is small, and
The q value is 3. FIG. 5 shows a three-phase 28-pole armature winding with coil pitches # 1 to # 10 as in FIG. 6, β being an odd value of 7.0 greater than 1, and a short-pitch winding coefficient K _P Becomes -1.0. Therefore, the decrease of the 28-pole fundamental wave is small,
The q value is 3/7. Also in this case, as in the first embodiment, a β value near a large odd value is taken and a small q value is taken.

Now, comparing FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it can be seen that since both of the coil pitches are # 1 to # 10, they can be mutually converted by changing the coil connection. However, the connection change is more complicated than in the case of the first embodiment, and the coils of # 3 to # 12 and # 21 to # 30 used as the U phase with four poles (FIG. 6) have 28 poles (fifth pole).
In the figure, # 3 was used as a W phase and used as a W phase with 4 poles.
The coils # to # 15 and # 24 to # 33 are used as U-phase with 28 poles.

By such switching of the connection, it is possible to switch the number of poles with a large pole ratio of 4 poles and 28 poles, and furthermore, since the same winding can be used, the slot can be small, and the short winding factor K _P
Since the absolute value of is 1.0, the reduction of the fundamental wave is small, which is advantageous.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show coil arrangements and voltage vectors of 28 poles and 4 poles, respectively. Symbols and the like are the same as in the case of the first embodiment. Absent. 7 and 8, the composite voltage vector of the fundamental wave is large and three-phase balanced. Although not shown, the composite voltage vector for the poles other than the fundamental wave is very small.

Since the phase rotation direction is reversed when the number of poles is changed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, it is necessary to replace two phases of the three-phase power supply lines to match the phase rotation direction.

Although the two embodiments using the 36-slot armature core have been described above, many other combinations are conceivable. FIG. 9 is a distribution diagram showing an armature winding which can be constituted by an armature core having 36 slots. The number after “#” in the figure is the slot pitch, that is, the slot of the coil connected from the # 1 slot. Indicates a number. The value of β is m ±
Only those that have a coil pitch in the range of 0.2 (m: odd number, 1,3,5 ... 19) are shown. If the corresponding coil pitch cannot be obtained or if it is not 36 slots, use "-". Is shown. Since β is limited to the above range, the absolute value of the short-pitch winding coefficient K _P is a sufficiently large value of 0.951 or more. Also, since a three-phase balanced winding cannot be formed with 18 poles, it is indicated by "x". Whether or not a three-phase balanced winding is possible can be determined by whether or not the denominator of the q value is divisible by 3. Further, if it is attempted to configure an armature winding having 36 or more three-phase poles with 36 slots, a large voltage vector is generated in a lower-order pole than the required number of poles, which is inappropriate. For this reason, 36 poles or more cannot be configured. In this case, the q value is
It can be judged by whether it is larger than 1/3. In FIG.
When the coil pitch is the same, the number of poles can be converted. For example, windings having a coil pitch of # 1 to # 19 have two poles (q = 6, β = 1.0) and six poles (q = 2, β =
3.0), The number of poles can be converted between the numbers of poles by switching the connection. In addition, the windings are stored in advance in a 36-slot iron core with a coil pitch of # 1 to # 19,
It is also possible to leave the lead wires of each coil as a semi-finished product without connecting them, and make connections according to the order of the number of poles to complete the armature winding. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, an armature winding having a large number of poles of 2 to 16, 20, 22, 26 to 34 poles can be formed with a 36-slot iron core. It is also possible to configure an armature winding having a high number of slots and a number of slots and poles which is difficult to be formed by a conventional winding.
Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of types of slotted die of the armature core to be applied, and it is not necessary to design a special number of slots. By diverting the iron core for the standard motor, multi-pole armature windings of several tens of poles can be easily obtained.

In the above, the case of three phases and 36 slots has been described as an example. However, other phases and slots can be considered in the same manner, and the same operation and effect can be obtained. For example, in the case of 27 slots, 2 to 26 poles of three phases are possible, and if the coil pitch is # 1 to # 12, switching between 2 poles (β = 0.815) and 22 poles (β = 8.963) is possible. , # 1 to # 9, switching between 4 poles (β = 1.185) and 24 poles (β = 7.111) is possible. Also, with 2 phase 20 slots, 2-6,10-1
If the coil pitch is # 1 to # 9, switching between 2 poles (β = 0.8) and 18 poles (β = 7.2) is possible.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, in the present invention, in the polyphase balanced armature winding in which the number of poles can be switched by the same winding,
The coil pitch of the coil for the small number of poles is close to the pole pitch of the small number of poles or an odd number (n) times the pole pitch, and the coil pitch of the coil for the large number of poles is an odd number times the pole pitch of the large number of poles. By arranging the coils so as to be in the vicinity of a multiple larger than n and changing the connection of the coils, the same winding can be used, and the number of poles can be switched with a large pole ratio suitable for a hoisting machine or the like. Thus, it is possible to provide an armature winding that has a small decrease in the short winding factor and does not use a special number of slots.

In the case of a three-phase balanced armature winding, the coil pitch is in the vicinity of an odd multiple of 3 or more of the pole pitch, and the number of slots q per pole exceeds 1/3 and is less than 1. Since the number of fractions is set to be a fraction, it is possible to cope with a large number of poles without using an iron core having a special slot number, and to provide an armature winding having a slot number and a pole number close to each other.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a developed view of a winding in the case of 32 poles according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a developed view of a winding in which the winding of FIG. 1 is replaced with four poles, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the coil arrangement and the voltage vector in the case of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the coil arrangement and the voltage vector in the case of FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a winding development diagram in which the winding of FIG. 5 is replaced with four poles, and FIG. 7 shows a relationship between the coil arrangement and the voltage vector in the case of FIG. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the coil arrangement and the voltage vector in the case of FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is connected from the # 1 slot of the armature winding which can be constituted by 36 slot armature windings. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of one slot of an armature winding of a conventional pole number conversion motor, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a winding development diagram of one phase of an armature winding of a motor that can convert the number of poles to 1: 2. # 1 to # 36: slot number, 1 to 36, 1 'to 36': voltage vector, N, S ... real pole, ... imaginary pole.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] In a multi-phase balanced armature winding in which the number of poles is switched by the same winding, the coil pitch of the coil with respect to the small number of poles is close to the pole pitch of a small number of poles or an odd number (n) times the pole pitch. The coil arrangement was such that the coil pitch of the coil with respect to the large number of poles was an odd multiple of the pole pitch of the large number of poles and was in the vicinity of a multiple larger than n, and the pole ratio exceeded 2 due to the connection change of the coil. An armature winding characterized by conversion into two or more different pole numbers. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of phases is three, the coil pitch of the coil for a small number of poles is near an odd multiple of 3 or more of the pole pitch, and the number of slots q corresponding to one pole for a large number of poles is one. The armature winding according to claim 1, wherein the fraction is more than / 3 and less than 1.