JPS62141447A - Heat pump type regenerative air conditioning equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to efficiently run heat source apparatus and to realize peak-shift running by a method wherein the allotment of running times of heat source apparatus is calculated by utilizing the enthalpy of the outside air, which is calculated from the outside air temperature and humidity, a forecast table of air-conditioning load and the input data of the capacities of the heat source apparatus so as to output the running control signal of the heat source apparatus on the basis of the calculated allotment. CONSTITUTION:The chiller capacity of a chiller unit and the capacities of heat source apparatus 35 or of the apparatus of heat source devices such as a thermal energy storage tank 2 and the like are inputted in advance to the memory of a microcomputer. First, the allotment of daily running times of heat source apparatus is calculated by utilizing the enthalpy of the outside air, which is calculated from the outside air temperature detected with an outside air temperature sensor 32 and the outside air humidity detected with an outside air humidity sensor 33, the indoor temperature (t) detected with an indoor temperature sensor 31, a forecast table of air-conditioning load, which is inputted in advance, and the input data of the capacities of the heat source apparatus. In accordance with the time allotment determined by the result of the calculation, running control signals for running and stopping of the chiller unit and the like are outputted from the output part of the microcomputer 34 in order to perform proper estimate running of air-conditioning load.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a heat pump type thermal storage air conditioning system, and is particularly suitable for performing air conditioning load predictive operation of a heat source device equipped with a heat pump type chiller unit and a heat storage tank. The present invention relates to a heat pump type heat storage cooling and heating device.

[Background of the invention]

In recent years, as the demand for electricity has increased, the disparity in electricity load between day and night has tended to widen, and the development of thermal storage air conditioning systems, which are effective as a measure to level out electricity demand, is being promoted as an important technical issue. .

For example, in Hitachi Review VOL, 66, Bian 6 (June 1984), pp. 17-20, there is a technical report titled "Unit Type Ice Storage Heating and Cooling System" by Masahiro Oguri et al.

The air-cooled heat pump chiller unit in this report is
A water-side heat exchanger that produces cold and hot water during the day, and ice at night (summer)!
A heat exchanger for ice making in a heat storage tank that produces hot water (winter),
It consists of three heat exchangers: an air-side heat exchanger that exchanges heat with outside air, a liquid receiver, an accumulator, and a compressor.

Conventionally, in order to perform air conditioning load predictive operation in such regenerative air conditioners, either a computer is used to perform a complex predictive simulation, or the operation is performed according to a preset schedule regardless of the actual load. The problem was that the former required extensive programming, and the latter did not suit the actual load well.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention was made in view of the actual state of the prior art described above, and is a heat pump type thermal storage system that performs inexpensive and relatively accurate air conditioning load prediction and enables efficient operation and peak shift operation of heat source equipment. Its purpose is to provide heating and cooling equipment.

[Summary of the invention]

The configuration of the heat pump type thermal storage heating and cooling device according to the present invention is as follows:
In a heat pump type thermal storage air conditioning system that includes a heat pump type chiller unit and a heat storage tank connected to the chiller unit, each detection means for detecting outside air temperature, outside air humidity, and indoor temperature, and a preset system based on weather data are used. A storage section that inputs and stores the air conditioning load prediction table and the capacity of heat source equipment such as the chiller unit and heat storage tank in advance, and calculates outside air enthalpy from the outside air temperature and outside air humidity detected by the outside air temperature and outside air humidity detection means. , a calculation unit that calculates the operating time allocation of the heat source equipment using the outside air enthalpy, the indoor temperature detected by the indoor temperature detection means, the air conditioning load prediction table and the input data of the heat source equipment capacity; Basically, it is provided with an arithmetic control means having an output section that outputs an operation control signal for the heat source equipment.

Additionally, the idea behind developing the present invention is as follows.

Among the major elements of the air conditioning load, those that fluctuate on a daily basis include the outside air load and the heat storage load of buildings and other structures that are to be air conditioned. There are other loads such as people and equipment, but it can be considered that the outside air load and the heat storage load of the building frame are the main ones.

-The daily air conditioning load generally follows a fixed pattern for each load object, such as how much the load is at what time, so when starting air conditioning, it is necessary to know the outside air enthalpy from the outside air temperature and outside air humidity. By doing this, it is possible to estimate the daily outside air load, and by knowing the indoor temperature, it is possible to estimate the heat storage load of the building frame.

Therefore, by inputting the target load pattern, the chiller capacity of the heat pump chiller unit, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank, and other heat source device capacities in advance into a microcomputer, general information such as outside temperature, outside humidity, and indoor temperature can be input. By using information that can be detected by various sensors, it is possible to predict the air conditioning load and allocate the optimum operation time of the heat source equipment, especially the chiller unit.

[Embodiments of the invention]

First, an example of a heat pump type thermal storage air conditioning system that performs air conditioning load predictive operation will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram of the heat source unit of the air-cooled heat pump type ice storage cooling and heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 4, 1 surrounded by a two-dot chain line is an air-cooled heat pump chiller unit (hereinafter simply referred to as a chiller unit), and 2 is a low- and high-temperature brine obtained from a brine heat exchanger 15 provided in this chiller unit 1. 3 is a brine/water heat exchanger for obtaining cold water using the low and high temperature brine obtained from the brine heat exchanger 15; 4 is the brine heat exchanger for ice storage and hot water heat storage; A pline pump 5 for circulating the pline, which is disposed in the pline piping connecting the pline/water heat exchanger 3 and the pline/water heat exchanger 3, connects the pline/water heat exchanger 3 to the load side (for example, an air conditioner). A cold/hot water pump 6 installed in a pipe connecting the machine's fan coil unit, etc. is a control panel for controlling each of these devices.

In the chiller unit 1, 7 is a compressor, 8 is a four-way valve,
9 is an air side heat exchanger, 10 is a liquid receiver, 11 is a solenoid valve, 1
2 is an expansion valve, 13 is a check valve, 14 is a capillary tube, 15 is a pline heat exchanger, and 16 is an accumulator, and these equipment components are connected by refrigerant piping. The pline heat exchanger 15 has tubes 15b of refrigerant piping built into a shell 15a, and is configured to perform heat exchange by circulating plines on the shell 15a side and circulating refrigerant on the tube 15b side.

In the piping system outside the chiller unit, 17 is a solenoid valve;
8 indicates a check valve, and 19 indicates a three-way valve.

The heat storage tank 2 has an ice-making heat exchanger 21 formed by molding, for example, a polyethylene tube into a serpentine tube shape, into a tank body 20 made of synthetic resin and a heat insulating material. The tubes of this ice-making heat exchanger 21 are connected to pline piping that communicates with the brine heat exchanger 15.

22 is a temperature sensor, 23 is a water level gauge, and 24 is an ice sensor, all of which are detection means for controlling the state of heat storage. 2
5 shows a water sprinkling means for melting ice.

The brine/water heat exchanger 3 has a water piping tube 3b built into a shell 3a, and is configured to flow prine to the shell 3a side and flow water to the tube 3b side to perform heat exchange. There is.

The operation of the cold/heat source device section having such a configuration will be explained with respect to typical operation modes.

During ice storage operation, the refrigerant and plines flow in the direction of the double solid arrow.

In the chiller unit 1, high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 7 enters the air-side heat exchanger 9 via the four-way valve 8, radiates heat to the air, and is condensed.

After passing through the liquid receiver 10, the liquefied refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 12-
1, and flows into the tube 15b of the pline heat exchanger 15 in the state of a low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant liquid. Here, the refrigerant liquid exchanges heat with the pline, evaporates, becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas, and is sucked into the compressor 7 via the four-way valve 8 and the accumulator 16, and the same cycle is repeated thereafter.

The low-temperature prine obtained in the prine heat exchanger 15 is transferred to the ice-making heat exchanger 21 of the heat storage tank 2, as shown by the double solid line arrow.
A line pipe connecting the inside of the shell 15a of the brine heat exchanger 15 is circulated through the prine pump 4, and the water in the tank body 20 of the heat storage tank 2 is cooled, and the water is distributed around the tube outer periphery of the ice-making heat exchanger 21. Causes icing.

Ice storage operation is basically carried out at night, when power consumption is low, to store ice, and then melt the ice and radiate heat during the day when the air conditioning load is high.

The ice storage operation is time-controlled by a schedule timer, and the amount of heat storage is managed by controlling changes in the volume of water that occurs during the ice-making process (detected by the water level gauge 23) and the water temperature in the heat storage tank (detected by the temperature sensor 22). It will be done.

Next, during cooling operation (cooling operation), the refrigerant and the plines flow in the direction of the solid arrow.

The flow of refrigerant within the chiller unit 1 is similar to the heat storage operation described above, except that it flows through the expansion valve 12-2.

The low-temperature prine obtained in the brine heat exchanger 15 flows through the pline piping as shown by the solid arrow, flows through the shell 3a of the pline/water heat exchanger 3, and is returned from the load side entering the tube 3b. The system is configured to cool water.

The pline bypasses the heat storage tank 2 and is connected to the pline pump 4.
The heat is returned to the pline heat exchanger 15 of the chiller unit 1 via the heat exchanger 1, and is circulated thereafter. On the other hand, the water cooled by the brine/water heat exchanger 3 is controlled by a three-way valve 19 and a temperature control valve 26 so that part of it flows to the heat storage tank and part of it flows directly to the load side, so that the temperature remains constant. The cold water is supplied via the cold/hot water pump 5 to a load side, for example, a fan coil unit (not shown) of an air conditioner.

Control during the cooling operation is to control the chiller unit 1 based on a comparison of the expected load amount, the amount of heat storage, and the chiller unit cooling capacity to correspond to the load.

Next, during heating operation, the refrigerant flows in the unshuffled chiller unit 1 in the direction of the broken line arrow. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 7 passes through the four-way valve 8, enters the tube 15b of the brine heat exchanger 15, exchanges heat with brine, and is condensed.

After passing through the liquid receiver 10, the liquefied refrigerant is adiabatically expanded through the capillary tube 14, and flows into the air-side heat exchanger 9 in the state of a low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant liquid.

Here, the refrigerant liquid exchanges heat with the outside air and evaporates, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas and returning to the compressor 7 via the four-way valve 8 and the accumulator 16, whereupon the same cycle is repeated.

The flow of brine in the piping system outside the chiller unit 1 is as shown by the broken line arrow during heating and heat storage operation. That is, the high temperature brine obtained in the brine heat exchanger 15 flows through the ice making heat exchanger 21 of the heat storage tank 2 and heats the water in the tank body 20.

During heating air conditioning, ie, heating operation, brine circulates between the brine heat exchanger 15 and the brine/water heat exchanger 3, as shown by the zigzag arrows. The high temperature brine obtained in the prine heat exchanger 15 flows through the shell 3a in the brine/water heat exchanger 3, heats the return water from the load side that enters the tube 3b, and returns it to the load side by the cold/hot water pump 5. supply hot water.

A general control procedure for such a heat source device will be explained.

In the case of heat storage operation, it is determined whether the current amount of heat storage has reached a preset amount of heat storage or not, and if it has reached,
Chiller unit 1. Brine pump 4 stops. If not, chiller unit 1. Brine pump 4 is operated. Operation continues until the amount of heat storage reaches the set value.

In the case of air conditioning operation, for example, in cooling operation, the cold/hot water pump 5 is started first. Next, when the temperature of the heat storage tank 2 becomes higher than the set value, the chiller unit 1 is activated. If the set value has not been reached, the measured remaining heat storage amount is compared with the predicted load set in advance, and if the remaining heat storage amount is insufficient, the chiller unit 1 is operated, and if the remaining heat storage amount is sufficient, the chiller unit 1 is operated. The chiller unit 1 stops.

Next, the configuration and procedure for performing air conditioning load predictive operation in the heat source device of the air-cooled heat pump type ice storage heating and cooling system will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an air conditioning load prediction control section of an air-cooled heat pump type ice storage heating and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. Flowchart showing the creation procedure, Part 3
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the format of the load prediction table.

In FIG. 1, 31 is an indoor temperature sensor related to a detection means for detecting the temperature in a room to be air conditioned, 32 is an outdoor temperature sensor related to a detection means for detecting outside air temperature, 3
3 is an outside air humidity sensor that is a detection means for detecting outside air humidity; 34 is a microcomputer that is an arithmetic and control means; each block shown within the frame of the microcomputer 34 in FIG. 1 is a microcomputer in this embodiment; It represents the functions of the computer 34. 35 is the fourth
This is a heat source device of the heat source unit of the air-cooled heat pump type ice storage air-conditioning system explained in the figure.

Now, in order to predict the air conditioning load, as mentioned earlier, it is necessary to predict the outside air load and the heat storage load (hereinafter referred to as the "frame load") held by the building frame that is the object of air conditioning, such as a building. In order to predict the outside air load, it is necessary to know the outside air enthalpy.

The outside air enthalpy is calculated using the following microcomputer.

i - (597,3+0.441T)Xx+0.24
TH: Detected outside air relative humidity %RI-IT = Detected outside air temperature C hs: Water vapor partial pressure rrun I-I gX
: Absolute humidity kg/kg'i : Outside air enthalpy kcal/kg Load prediction is based on the second
Analyze the pattern characteristics of the load target using the procedure shown in the figure.

1. First, the time load A(1) is determined using micro HASP, which is used for load calculation and is filmized meteorological data. This time load person (1) is the total load, but the load is divided into outside air load B (I) and other loads C (I). Other loads include the structural load of the building to be air-conditioned, the loads of people, machines, etc., but the structural load is the main load.

These outside air loads n (I) and other loads C (1) are 1
Plot weekly to find average pattern. Outside air load B
Let the average pattern of (I) be D (I), and the average pattern of other loads C(I) be E (I).

Next, find the correlation between the structural load and the room temperature at the start of air conditioning. The frames of buildings, etc. are sloping and have a heat storage load when air conditioning is started in the morning, so the frame load is a factor that is greatly affected at the time of startup, so the frame load when the room temperature is t is It is expressed by the correlation equation Q1=f(t). This is considered to be the load for 2 hours after startup.

Therefore, the hourly total load is calculated from 8:00 to 10:00, starting at 8:00.
The two-hour period up to that time is represented by the sum of the structural load Q1 and the average outside air load pattern D (I). That is, Q (I) = Q1-1-D (I) (I) Also, after 2 hours after startup, the operation will be stopped from 10 o'clock 18
The total load up to the time is the average outside air load pattern D (
It can be thought of as the addition of E (I) and other average load patterns E (I). In other words, Q (I) = D (I) 10E (I) The load prediction table in Figure 3 is obtained by adding up each of these hours as the total load for the day and displaying it as a correlation value between outdoor air enthalpy and indoor temperature. It is.

In Figure 3, the load prediction value should be entered in the column, for example, the outside air enthalpy is 18.0kcat/kg.
The load prediction when the room temperature is 28C is shown in the column marked with an oval.

In this way, the air conditioning load prediction table patterns the loads mainly consisting of the outdoor air load and the heat storage load of the building frame, calculates the air conditioning load at each time, and calculates the total air conditioning load value for the day as the outdoor air enthalpy. It is displayed as a correlation value with indoor temperature, and seasonal corrections can be made by multiplying by a correction coefficient. This air conditioning load prediction table is input in advance to the microcomputer 34 and stored in the storage section.

The chiller capacity of the chiller unit 1 and the capacity of the heat source device such as the heat storage tank 2, that is, the capacity of the heat source device 35 are also input into the storage section of the microcomputer 34 in advance.

Therefore, the outside air enthalpy i calculated from the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 32, the outside air humidity detected by the outside air humidity sensor 33, the indoor temperature t detected by the indoor temperature sensor 31, the air conditioning load prediction table input in advance, Using the input data of the heat source equipment capacity, the daily operation time t17) of the heat source equipment is calculated. According to the time allocation of the calculation result, that is, the time schedule, operation control signals such as operation and stop of the chiller unit are outputted from the output section of the microcomputer 34, and an appropriate air conditioning load prediction operation is performed.

According to the air-cooled heat pump type ice storage heating and cooling system of this embodiment, it is possible to perform air conditioning load prediction with relatively high accuracy at low cost using a simple program based on weather data.
Optimum operation time allocation is made for the heat source equipment using the ice heat storage type heat storage tank, and the heat source equipment 35 can be efficiently operated such as peak shift operation. For example, as an operating pattern in the summer, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank 2 through ice storage operation during the night when electricity consumption is low is released during peak electricity demand in the daytime, and peak shift operation is performed using appropriate air conditioning. This can be done with load predictive operation.

However, depending on the actual load condition, switching between operating modes such as ice storage operation and cooling operation can be performed according to a time schedule based on appropriate predictions.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the brine heat exchanger 15. Although an example of a heat source device of an air-cooled heat pump ice storage air-conditioning system that stores ice through the interposition of the brine/water heat exchanger 3 has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to an air-cooled heat pump type that does not use brine. The present invention can also be generally applied to a heat source device of an ice storage heating/cooling system or an air-cooled heat pump type cooling/heating system equipped with other heat storage means such as water storage.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, air conditioning load prediction is performed at low cost and with high accuracy, and efficient operation of heat source equipment is achieved.
It is possible to provide a heat pump type thermal storage cooling/heating device that enables peak shift operation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an air conditioning load prediction control section of an air-cooled heat pump type ice storage heating and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the format of the load prediction table, and FIG. 4 is a system diagram of the heat source unit of the air-cooled heat pump type ice storage air-conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is. 1...Air-cooled heat pump chiller unit, 2...
Heat storage tank, 31...Indoor temperature sensor, 32...Outside air temperature sensor, 33...Outside air humidity sensor, 34...
・My 1st Flash Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A heat pump type thermal storage air conditioning system comprising a heat pump type chiller unit and a heat storage tank connected to the chiller unit, which includes detection means for detecting outside air temperature, outside air humidity, and indoor temperature, and meteorological data. A storage section that inputs and stores in advance an air conditioning load prediction table set in advance and the capacity of heat source equipment such as the chiller unit and heat storage tank, and an outside air temperature and outside air humidity detected by the outside air temperature and outside air humidity detection means. a calculation unit that calculates outside air enthalpy and uses this outside air enthalpy, the indoor temperature detected by the indoor temperature detection means, the air conditioning load prediction table and the input data of the heat source equipment capacity to calculate the operating time allocation of the heat source equipment; and an arithmetic control means having an output section that outputs an operation control signal for the heat source device based on the arithmetic operation,
Heat pump type thermal storage heating and cooling device. 2. In the item described in claim 1, the air conditioning load prediction table used for the air conditioning load prediction operation patterns the loads mainly consisting of the outside air load and the heat storage load of the building frame, and calculates the air conditioning load at each time. A heat pump type regenerative cooling/heating system in which the value of the daily air conditioning load obtained by summing the values is displayed as a correlation value between the outside air enthalpy and the indoor temperature, and is input to the calculation control means.