JPS62104530A - Hydroponic apparatus and hydroponic culture of plant using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation bed and a method for hydroponic cultivation of plants using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for hydroponically cultivating plants that require taproot formation, which is considered impossible to harvest using conventional hydroponic cultivation.

(Conventional technology) In hydroponic cultivation, plants grow much faster than in soil cultivation, and unlike soil cultivation, there is no need to heat up the soil or remove soil attached to the roots of harvested plants. It is a plant cultivation method that has been attracting attention in recent years because the cultivation and harvesting operations are easy.

Two types of hydroponic cultivation are known: ■hydroponic cultivation and ■hydroponic cultivation. In the former type of hydroponic cultivation, as shown in FIG. 2, seeds or seedlings 13 planted on a planting panel 10 placed on or in the nutrient solution take in nutrients from the nutrient solution 11 and grow roots. It is a cultivation method that uses sprout growth, and the plants are kept in a clean nutrient solution from germination to harvest. Plants require not only nutrients but also oxygen as they grow.

Although dissolved oxygen is supplied to plant tissue by forcibly circulating the nutrient solution, the amount of oxygen that plants can absorb after one night of cultivation is extremely small, and as a result, the growth rate is extremely slow. The latter type of hydroponic cultivation was developed in order to improve upon these drawbacks of hydroponic cultivation.

As shown in Fig. 2, this cultivation method consists of a cultivation bed 12 (a breathable container filled with sand and pebbles 120, the bottom of which is immersed in a nutrient solution 11) attached to a planting panel 10.
When the seeds or seedlings 13 planted in advance grow and form hairy roots 14, the water level of the nutrient solution 11 is lowered and a gap 140 is created between the cultivation bed 12 and the nutrient solution 11 to allow air between the hairy roots 14 and the nutrient solution 11. This is a method of harvesting the plants by allowing them to grow while maintaining contact with the plants. According to this latter type of hydroponic cultivation, the amount of oxygen taken in by the two-hairy roots 14 increases due to contact with the air.

As a result, it is possible to achieve a growth rate approximately twice as high as in the former case of hydroponic cultivation.

As mentioned above, hydroponic cultivation has the outstanding main components of easy cultivation and harvesting, and extremely fast plant growth.
It has a decisive drawback in that it can only be applied to plants (such as salad vegetables), and cannot be used to cultivate plants that require the formation of a taproot (ginseng, radish, wasabi, etc.). Medicinal engines, such as Otane engine (Korean engine), have long been proven to have medicinal effects through pharmacological and clinical medical research, and are mainly used in combination with insulin because (1) they lower blood sugar levels; The effect is better and the amount of insulin used can be reduced: (2) It has a tonic and stimulant effect, speeding up breathing and heart rate, and when used for neurasthenic diseases, it can cause debilitating headaches.

It relieves symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, and loss of appetite; (3) improves liver function; (4) has the effect of promoting gonad development.

Particularly effective for male impotence; (5) Effective for hypotension; (6) Increases body and tissue resistance to toxins; (7) Suppresses the growth of tuberculosis bacteria; (8) External use of extract to speed up the healing of wounds and ulcers. It is known.

This kind of Otane engine is a strongly geophobic crop,
In Korea, it is said that crops cannot be harvested again for 10 years after harvesting, and in Japan (particularly in Nagano Prefecture) for 30 years. If such a medicinal engine could be cultivated hydroponically, which is easy to cultivate and harvest, and has a fast growth rate, the benefits would be immeasurable.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to provide hydroponic cultivation that enables hydroponic cultivation of plants that require the formation of taproots. The aim is to provide cultivation beds for plants. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for hydroponic cultivation of plants in which taproot formation is essential.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The hydroponic cultivation bed of the present invention includes a highly breathable container and moss accommodated in the container, thereby achieving the above object. The hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is as follows.

Planting seeds or seedlings of plants that require the formation of taproots in a cultivation bed equipped with a well-ventilated container and a moss housed therein, and immersing the bottom of the cultivation bed in a nutrient solution from beginning to end. It should be kept in the same condition.

, thereby achieving the above objective.

(Example) The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.

As shown in FIG. 1, 1 a hydroponic cultivation bed 1 of the present invention has 2 a porous container with high air permeability (for example, 2 a hollow container made of wire mesh) 2
and moss (for example, sphagnum moss, wild moss, etc.) 20 housed in this container 2. This cultivation bed 1 is attached to a planting panel 3 (for example, made of wood, plastic 1 or stainless steel), and its bottom 100 is constantly immersed in a nutrient solution 4 below.

The moss 20 is collected as is or after being subjected to sterilization treatment (instant sterilization treatment with heated steam at 150 to 200° C. or cleaning treatment with chlorine-based chemicals).

It is housed in the porous container 2 mentioned above. The moss 20 may be hot-pressed. For hot-pressed products, for example, the collected moss is filled into a mold that can be molded into a predetermined shape, and the temperature of the mold is adjusted from room temperature (about 20'C) to about 12 degrees Celsius.
Pressurize while heating to 0℃ (30kg/cId~3.000
kg/cJ) L, obtained by holding for 5 seconds to 1 minute and then applying afterpressure. The obtained molded product is sufficiently dry and can be stored for a long period of time. When used, it expands and restores its shape by soaking it in water.

It is also possible to make a part of the molded product into a concave shape, put plant seeds in it, and sell it commercially. Heat treatment is not necessarily essential. A sufficiently dry pressed product can be obtained by pressure treatment alone.

This pressed product can be stored for a long period of time (and
The number of bacteria living there will naturally decrease, and the influence of bacteria on plant cultivation during use can be sufficiently suppressed.

Seeds or seedlings of a target plant are planted on the cultivation bed 1, and by keeping the bottom 100 of the cultivation bed 1 immersed in the nutrient solution 4 from beginning to end, one seed germinates, sprouts roots, and forms a taproot 5. The plant then grows into the desired plant. The seedling also forms a taproot 5 and grows into a desired plant. What is important is that the lower end 100 of the cultivation bed 1 is filled with nutrient solution 4 until the desired plant is harvested.
Keep them attached and never let them go.

By doing so, the nutrient solution 4 is constantly supplied into the cultivation bed 1 due to the capillary action and water retention action of the moss 20, and nutrients are distributed to the roots. The liverwort 20 releases abundant oxygen through photosynthesis, which is ingested by the roots of the target plant. Moreover, since the cultivation bed 1 is made of a porous container 2 with high air permeability, the moss 20 is constantly in contact with the air. However, even if an air permeable porous material such as urethane foam is used in place of the moss 20, the roots of the target plants will rot without exception. This proves that the cultivation of taproot-forming plants cannot be achieved simply by making the cultivation bed l highly permeable and constantly supplying a nutrient solution through capillary action.

In addition, plants unique to the present invention that require the formation of a taproot are:
Even if you use conventional hydroponic cultivation (cultivating with the roots immersed in the nutrient solution from beginning to end), all of them will rot.

The present invention is applicable to all plants that require taproot formation, such as Korean engine, edible engine, radish, potato, and turnip.

There are sweet potatoes, wasabi, etc.

The nutrient solution 4 used in the present invention does not need to be special;
It is prepared by dissolving ordinary hydroponic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and calcium as main ingredients in water. As the hydroponic fertilizer, a mixture of two, for example, Oita House M1 and M2 (both manufactured by Ogaki Chemical Co., Ltd.) is used. The mixing ratio is determined depending on the type of target plant. The composition of each fertilizer is as follows. The nutrient solution 4 contains an appropriate amount of germanium and/or selenium, if necessary.

The harvested plants have been ingested with germanium and/or selenium. Germanium has the effect of enhancing the medicinal efficacy of Korean engines, for example. Germanium in the nutrient solution also has the effect of promoting plant growth.

Selenium interacts with vitamin E (1) detoxifies heavy metal poisoning (2) plays a role in the respiratory function of midochondrias and drug metabolism in microsomes (5) and has physiological effects such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.

(Leaving space below) (Experimental example 1) Dissolve 3 kg of human urine house M1 and 2 kg of M2 in 1.000 n of water and adjust the PL+ to approximately 5.5 using caustic soda and hydrochloric acid to create a nutrient solution. I got it.

1. Sphagnum moss. A cultivation bed was constructed by filling a container made of wire mesh with a capacity of 0.08 kg. This was fitted and fixed into the plastic planting panel of the nutrient solution storage tank. The bottom of this cultivation bed was constantly immersed in the nutrient solution.

Korean engine seedlings (30 days after germination) were planted in sphagnum moss on the cultivation bed, and the seedlings were cultivated by appropriately circulating the nutrient solution while maintaining the nutrient solution temperature at 20°C. About 1 year and 10 months later, a Korean engine with a thickness of 3 cm and a length of 20 cm+ was harvested. Immediately after harvesting, new seedlings similar to those above were planted on the cultivation bed, and after the same period of time, Korean engines of approximately the same size were harvested.

(Experimental Example 2) Radish seeds were planted in sphagnum moss on the cultivation bed and cultivated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Approximately 3 months later, it has grown to a full thickness of 5.
We were able to harvest radish with a length of 25 cm.

(Experiment Example 3) An experiment was conducted to prove that the cultivation method of the present invention is superior to conventional hydroponic and hydroponic methods in terms of plant growth rate. 1 was conducted for applicable tomatoes.

A nutrient solution was obtained by dissolving 2.4 kg of human urine house No. M1 and 5 kg of No. M2 in 1,000 g of water and adjusting the pH to 6.0.

A wire mesh container was filled with sphagnum moss, and tomato seedlings about 20 cm long were planted in it. Cultivation was continued by keeping the bottom of the cultivation bed constantly immersed in the nutrient solution. 120cm in 2 weeks
grew to the height of The leaves are also thick (and the growth as a whole was confusing.

As controls, conventional hydroponic method (Control 1) and hydroponic method (
Control 2) was used. In the conventional hydroponic method (Control 1), seedlings were fixed on a planting panel and kept immersed in a nutrient solution at all times. In the hydroponic method (Control 2), sand and pebbles were used in place of the sphagnum moss in the cultivation bed of the present invention, and even if the Toma I- seedlings grew, the nutrient solution was added at the time when the roots grew (about 7 days later). The water level was lowered to create a gap between the cultivation bed and the nutrient solution, and this condition was maintained thereafter.

In Control 1 and Control 2, the height of tomato plants after 2 weeks was 40 cm and 80 cm, respectively. The leaves of both Shigamo 2 were small and the overall growth was not affected.

(Experiment Example 4) 0.1 kg of sphagnum moss was placed into a rectangular parallelepiped (7 cm x 7 cm x
A mold cavity having a shape of 10 cm) was filled with the mixture. This is 1
It was heated to 20"C and pressurized at 500 kg/- for 1 minute. Then.

The pressure was released and the pressed sphagnum moss was taken out from the mold.

This was left indoors for 6 months. When this was soaked in water, it swelled and restored its shape for 1 minute. Using this, radish was hydroponically cultivated according to Experimental Example 2.

Radishes similar to those in Experimental Example 2 were harvested.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating hydroponic cultivation of the present invention. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are explanatory diagrams illustrating conventional hydroponic cultivation and hydroponic cultivation, respectively. 1... Cultivation bed of the present invention, 2... Breathable container, 5...
・Tap root, 3.10... Planting panel, 4.11... Nutrient solution, 12... Conventional cultivation bed, 20... Moss R, 140
...Void.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A hydroponic cultivation bed comprising a highly breathable container and moss accommodated in the container. 2. The hydroponic cultivation bed according to claim 1, wherein the moss is sphagnum moss and/or wild moss. 3. Planting seeds or seedlings of plants that require the formation of taproots in a cultivation bed equipped with a well-ventilated container and moss housed therein, and constantly immersing the bottom of the cultivation bed in a nutrient solution. A method for growing plants hydroponically, comprising: maintaining the plants in a submerged state. 4. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the moss is sphagnum moss and/or wild moss. 5. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the plant is at least one of a medicinal engine, an edible engine, a radish, a potato, a turnip, a sweet potato, and a wasabi. 6. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the nutrient solution contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium as main components. 7. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the nutrient solution contains germanium and/or selenium.