JPS6186542A - Intermittent operation type heat pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an intermittent-operating heat pump device based on the principle of a chemical heat pump that utilizes heat generation and heat absorption in a reversible adsorption/desorption reaction of a working gas. Heat-driven heating and cooling that takes advantage of performance.

Can be widely used as a water heater.

Conventional Structure and Problems First, factors that influence the coefficient of performance of such an intermittent heat pump device, that is, the value obtained by dividing output energy by input energy, will be explained.

Metal hydrides are used as adsorbents to make the explanation easier to understand.

An example in which hydrogen is used as the working medium will be explained.

Fill the first container with an alloy powder capable of forming one metal hydride, fill the second container with an alloy powder capable of forming a metal hydride with a higher equilibrium pressure at the same temperature, Let us assume that the former has been sufficiently hydrogenated.

Next, by connecting both containers with a pipe, hydrogen can move to the second container, but since the equilibrium pressure of the alloy hydride in the second container is higher, the hydrogen gas pressure in the first container is In order to make the pressure higher than 2, it is necessary to heat the first container. The container for temperature removal 2 shall be kept at room temperature. In addition, heat of desorption is required to desorb hydrogen gas, and this heat must be supplied.

If the heat is Qal, and the amount of heat required to warm the container and its contents to a predetermined temperature is Qsl, then the input force is Qa.
It becomes 1+Qs1. Qsl is the product of the sum of the heat capacities of the container and its contents (C) and the temperature increase width ΔT1.

When heated in this way, hydrogen moves from the first container to the second container, and the alloy in the second container becomes entirely metal hydride, while the contents of the first container become almost entirely metal hydride. becomes an alloy with.

Next, when the first container is returned to room temperature and the first and second containers are communicated again, the hydrogen in the second container is dissociated and the alloy in the first container is hydrogenated. An endothermic reaction occurs in the container No. 2, and the value of the container and its value is calculated from the total endotherm Qa2 produced by the reaction to the amount of heat Qs required to lower the container and its contents from room temperature to a temperature at which the low-temperature endotherm persists.
The value obtained by subtracting 2 is Qa2 - Qs2. Note that Qs2 is the heat capacity C2 of the second container and its contents and the temperature reduction width B,
It is the product of

From the above considerations, the coefficient of performance (COP) is is given by

What is clear from this is that the factor that increases COP is whether C81 and Qs2 are made small.

From the above considerations, it is important to reduce the heat capacities C1 and C2 of the container, but ΔT1. It is also effective to reduce ΔT2.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the basic configuration of an intermittent-operating heat pump device.
4 is filled and connected by piping 5,
Between this there is a valve 6.

Each container is equipped with a heat exchanger 7,8.

First, the adsorption medium 3 in the container 1 is heated through the heat exchanger 7 and the working medium is released.The working medium passes through the pipe 5 and reaches the container 2, where it is adsorbed by the adsorption medium 4. At this time, heat is generated, so when the adsorption medium 4 is cooled through the heat exchanger 8, the temperature becomes higher than the cooling water temperature, and a thermal output is obtained from the heat exchanger 8.

Let the temperature of the adsorption medium 4 at this time be TM. Next, when the adsorption medium 3 is cooled through the heat exchanger 7 and the valve 6 is opened, the working medium moves from the adsorption medium 4 to the adsorption medium 3. At this time, heat absorption occurs in the adsorption medium 4, and its own temperature first increases. The cooling output at the temperature TL is further obtained from the heat exchanger 8. Here TM T
O where L is the above ΔT1 Considering a system that can be used for heating and cooling hot water supply, Tm = 50'
CTL = about 5°C is required, and the bar is about 45°C.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of the system by minimizing the endothermic or exothermic reaction heat (sensible heat loss) consumed by raising and lowering the temperature of the adsorption medium, its container, and associated parts. The aim is to improve the performance coefficient.

According to the structure of the invention, two sets of heat pump devices that obtain cold and hot outputs are used, and are operated alternately in opposite phases, and the valve is closed during the flow of the working medium that is alternately reversed in time. Set up a time when the media does not flow, divide this time into two,
In the first half, the adsorption medium, whose temperature is rising due to its own heat generation and reaction, and which generates cold output through its own endothermic reaction in the next phase, is cooled by a cooling heat medium, and then ■ the external Heat is exchanged with the adsorption medium that has been heated by the heat source, and heat is exchanged with the adsorption medium whose temperature has already been raised by a pair of exothermic reactions that operate in opposite phase to the adsorption medium. The cooling water is cooled to a temperature lower than that by the adsorption medium that has been cooled by an endothermic reaction paired with (1) cooling the first adsorption medium in the first half, and (2) exchanging heat with the second adsorption medium in the first half.

Description of examples The present invention will be described in detail according to one embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 2, containers 11, 12. Piping 15° valve 16
A first system consisting of containers 21 and 22 and piping 25
．． A second system consisting of valves 26 is provided, with a metal hydride at the same temperature and low equilibrium pressure at 13°23, and a metal hydride at high equilibrium pressure at 14.24, respectively, in containers 11, 21, . and 12.22, and hydrogen is introduced as a working medium. Each vessel is equipped with a heat exchanger, 17.18°27.28°.

Now, when the metal hydride 13 is heated by the heat exchanger 17, hydrogen is adsorbed by the metal hydride 14 through the pipe 15 and generates heat. When this is cooled by flowing cooling water into the heat exchanger 18, the hydrogen is further converted into the metal hydride 14. The reaction eventually reaches equilibrium and stops. This process is named Phase 1.

Next, cooling water is passed through the heat exchanger 17 to cool the metal hydride 13 , and hydrogen in the metal hydride 14 is desorbed and adsorbed onto the metal hydride 13 . At this time, the water flowing through the heat exchanger 18, which absorbs heat in the former and generates heat in the latter, is cooled to obtain cold water, and the water flowing through the heat exchanger 17 is heated to obtain hot water. This process is named Phase 2.

Normally, two sets of such systems are used as shown in Figure 2, and when the first system is in phase 1, the second system is in phase 2, so that one of the 7 stems is always in use. Since the cold water can be changed at , you can refill the cold water continuously.

In the present invention, between these two phases, valve 16.
The objective is to obtain a high coefficient of performance by creating a closed state for the cooling water and devising the flow of cooling water at that time.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the first system is in phase 1. The second 7-stem or phase 2 state is renamed phase A, and conversely, the first system is in phase 2. When the second system is in phase 2, the arrow next to the 0 valve labeled phase C indicates the direction of hydrogen gas flow. 7A and phase C are provided with a phase B in which the valve 16°26 is closed.

Furthermore, this phase B is the first half B1. The second half is divided into B2.

In the phase 1ZB1, the cooling water flows from the heat exchanger 18 to the heat exchanger 17 and then to the heat exchanger 27 according to the numbers in FIG.
It is extracted as hot water, and in this phase metal hydride 1
4 is cooled as close to the cooling water temperature as possible.In addition, this water exchanges heat with the metal hydride 13, which had been heated to a higher temperature than the hot water output temperature in 17, and is warmed to a temperature higher than the hot water output temperature.Finally, in phase C. The metal hydride 23, which is heated by an external heat source, is heated by exchanging heat with the cooling water heated above its own temperature, i.e. hot water output, fA degrees at 7A degrees.

Next, in the 82 7Aze, the cooling water is transferred to the heat exchanger 28.
From 18 to 17, the water is taken out as hot water.

Next, phase D is provided between phase C and phase A, and this is the first half D1. Second half D2 and Mazu phase D1
In the phase B2, the cooling water flows from the heat exchanger 28 to the heat exchanger 27 and then to the heat exchanger 17. , Dl, D2 7 each
This is a diagram showing the flow of cooling water that needs to be operated repeatedly in sequence through these six phases.The numbers for each part correspond to those in Figure 2.O valve 16゜The arrow attached to 26 indicates the flow of hydrogen gas. O indicates the direction, and a valve without an arrow indicates a closed state.
The symbol C at the end of the heat exchanger 17゜18.27.28 indicates the cold water output W indicates the hot water output, and the symbol H at the end with a circle indicates the hot water output.
indicates a heating source.

A, C phase times and B1. B2. The times of the Dl and B2 phases are determined experimentally, but the latter are usually shorter and more sufficient than the former. The heating system uses a separate heat exchanger 46. ．． 47 as metal hydride 13.2
This system was also equipped with valves 44 and 45 to enable heat exchange with 3. FIG. 5 shows the opening and closing of each valve including the hydrogen valve in each phase.

In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis indicates the phase, the numbers indicate the valve numbers shown in FIG. 5, and the bold lines indicate the valve openings.

Immediately before phase B1, the metal hydride 24 in the container 22 of FIG. It is considered that the temperature TL is lower than the water temperature (Tc), which can be considered to be the same as the water temperature (Tc). On the other hand, container 1
Due to an exothermic reaction, the metal hydride 14 in container 11 has reached TM degree, which is higher than the temperature of the cooling water.Metal hydride 13 in container 11 has been heated by a heating source with a temperature higher than TM, and has reached TH degree. .

In order to improve the coefficient of performance, it is important to bring the metal hydride 14, which is currently at the temperature of TM, which achieves a low temperature TL by an endothermic reaction in phase C, to as low a temperature as possible before this substance starts an endothermic reaction. It is desirable that the metal hydride 23, which is currently at the temperature of TM and heated to TH degrees in the unidirectional movement phase C, can be brought to a temperature as high as possible.

Assume that phase B1 has now entered according to the present invention.

The cooling water first enters the heat exchanger 18 and is heated to the metal hydride 14.
14 is cooled to near the cooling water temperature. On the other hand, the water exiting the heat exchanger 18 is heated to some extent, then enters the heat exchanger 17, where it exchanges heat with the metal hydride 13, which has been heated to TH degree, and is heated to T.

The temperature is raised to a temperature higher than 30°F. Furthermore, this hot water enters the heat exchanger 27 and exchanges heat with the metal hydride 23.
Since 3 is the TM degree, it is heated by the hot water and the TM degree is
It is possible to raise the temperature up to half of TH1TM as the temperature reached.

During phase B1, metal hydride 24 is in an adiabatic state.

Next, suppose that phase B2 is entered.

The cooling water first enters the heat exchanger 28 and exchanges heat with the metal hydride 24, which has been cooled to TL degrees, so that the cooling water is cooled by the feed water @ (Tc) and enters the heat exchanger 18. Heat exchanges with metal hydride 14. Since the 14 is cooled to \° water temperature in phase B1, it is further cooled to a lower temperature by exchanging heat with the water cooled by the metal hydride 24. The reached temperature is TL
It is possible to use 1, which is about half of +Tc.

The cooling water leaving the heat exchanger 18 enters the heat exchanger 17 and passes through the metal hydride 13. ! : Heat exchange, this is phase B1
Although the temperature is lower than TH due to the heat exchange, it still maintains about half the temperature of TH+TM, so the temperature of the cooling water exiting the heat exchanger 17 is about TM.

From the above effects of the invention, the temperature range in which the metal hydride 14 must be lowered in phase C due to its own endothermic reaction is 1 to % longer than in the conventional method of directly transferring from phase A to C. Sensible heat loss Q52 of the output is ``/4 to !A.Also, regarding the input side, the temperature range over which the metal hydride 23 must be heated in phase C is %%, and the input Sensible heat loss Qs1 is at the station S.

As a result, the coefficient of performance is improved by 1.5 to 2 times, depending on the coefficient of performance in the conventional method.

In this way, this method can significantly improve the coefficient of performance of an intermittent-operating heat pump device using an adsorption medium.

Also, by combining the cooling channels according to the present invention, phase B1
．． Since the outlet water temperature of the cooling water in B2 is higher than the TM degree, this has the advantage that it can be used as hot water output for hot water supply, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a principle diagram of an intermittent operation type heat pump device, Fig. 2 is a basic configuration diagram of a metal hydride heat pump device, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the opening and closing state of the valve in FIG. 4 in each phase. 11.12, 21.22...mark/container, 13,23゜1
4, 24...metal hydride, 16.26...
Valves, 17.18, 27.28... Heat exchangers. Name of agent: Patent attorney Masao Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 2 CD/D2 Figure 4 H Figure 5-A St B2 C-DtD; z7 Aze

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A container comprising two types of adsorption media having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics, a working medium passage connecting these, and a heat medium passage heating or cooling the container, wherein the working medium passage is Using two sets of devices equipped with on-off valves, the devices are operated alternately in opposite phases, and between the flows of the working medium that are alternately reversed in time, the valves are closed to provide a time period during which the working medium does not flow; An intermittent operating heat pump device characterized in that this time period is further divided into two, and the flow of the cooling heat medium in the first half and the second half is in the following order. First half... (1) The adsorption medium whose temperature is being raised at the present time, which will become the cold output generating medium in the next phase, (2) The heated adsorption medium that forms a pair with the adsorption medium, (3) The adsorption medium The adsorption medium was heated by an exothermic reaction in a pair operating in antiphase with the medium. Second half...(1) Pairs with the adsorption medium of first half 3,
The adsorption medium was cooled by an endothermic reaction, (2) the first adsorption medium in the first half, and (3) the second adsorption medium in the first half.