JPS61190261A - Heat pipe type cooling and refrigerating device utilizing hydrogen storage alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention provides a heat pipe type cooling system using a hydrogen storage alloy that transports the heat of reaction when the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs or releases hydrogen using a heat sink.・Regarding refrigeration equipment.

(Prior art) Under approximately equal hydrogen equilibrium pressure, a high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M exhibiting a high temperature and a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M′ exhibiting a low temperature are filled in separate reaction vessels, and both reactions are carried out. The tanks are connected through a hydrogen flow path, a heat medium is supplied to both reaction tanks, and both alloys M,
Hydrogen is moved between both reaction vessels by alternately absorbing or desorbing hydrogen in V, and the heat of reaction during hydrogen absorption or desorption is utilized.

As a conventional example, FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram in which an endothermic reaction when a hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen is used to cool a heat medium in a heat exchanger of an air-conditioning/refrigeration device.

】This is a high-temperature side reaction tank with a built-in high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M. Reference numeral 12 denotes a low-temperature side reaction tank, which contains a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M'. Reference numeral 13 denotes a hydrogen flow path that connects the inner nuclear reactors 11 and 12 and allows gaseous hydrogen to flow therethrough. 14
is a high heat source, and is connected to the heat exchange means 15 for heating the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side via a pump P14 and a valve I4. 17 is a low heat source, and a pump P1. The low heat source 17 is further connected to a heat exchange means 16 for cooling the hydrogen storage alloy M on both hot sides via a pump P'17 and a valve V16.

9 is a heat exchanger of the cooling/refrigeration system, and a pump P is connected to the heat exchange means 20 from the low temperature side reaction tank 12.

and are connected via valve ■1°.

The operation of such a device will be explained based on the pressure-temperature characteristic diagram of the heat pump shown in FIG.

In the figure, the vertical axis indicates the hydrogen pressure P, and the horizontal axis indicates the absolute temperature of hydrogen, T, and its reciprocal value decrease.6 In the figure, the point (r) indicates that the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side has sufficiently absorbed hydrogen. Therefore, there is very little gaseous hydrogen in the high temperature side reaction tank 11. Here, only the valve "14" is opened to drive the pump P14, and when the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M is heated by supplying the heat medium from the high heat source 14 to the heat exchange means 15, hydrogen is released from the alloy M and the hydrogen is hydrogenated. The pressure P and the hydrogen temperature T rise, and after the B process, the hydrogen temperature T reaches a point (C1) where the high heat source temperature THE is almost equal. is hydrogen flow path 1
3 and reaches the low-temperature side reaction tank 12, where the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' begins to absorb hydrogen. At this point, both valves vill * VtO are closed, valve V14 is left open to continue heating the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side, and valve v18 is opened to release heat due to hydrogen absorption in the hydrogen storage alloy M' on the low temperature side. While absorbing hydrogen, hydrogen is absorbed at approximately equilibrium pressure, and the hydrogen temperature T gradually decreases, reaching a point (-) that is approximately equal to the temperature TM of the low heat source 17 through the C process (regeneration process).

At this point, the pumps P'1. A heat medium is supplied to the high temperature side reaction tank 1 to cool the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M, and the hydrogen released from the low temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' is absorbed into the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M.

Hydrogen pressure P, hydrogen source! Both T gradually decrease and reach a point (after passing D). During this time, the valve Vl11 is opened and the pump PTO is driven to flow the heat medium to the heat exchange means 20, and the low temperature heat medium is transferred to the heat exchanger 1 of the cooling/refrigeration system.
Supply to 9.

Subsequently, valve v14 + ville is closed, and valve ■1°.

Vta remains open, the high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M is cooled to absorb hydrogen, the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' releases hydrogen, and the endothermic reaction caused by the release causes the heat medium to be supplied to the cooling/refrigeration equipment. After cooling, the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side sufficiently absorbs hydrogen through the A process (cooling process), and the hydrogen temperature T reaches a point (A) that is approximately 11 times the temperature TM of the low heat source 17, and the cycle ends. , FIG. 7 shows the temperature change of cold water as an example of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat exchange means 20 during the cycle time, with each stroke indicated. The vertical axis represents the cold water temperature, and the horizontal axis represents the temperature change of cold water. Time is indicated and t is -cycle time. In reality, cold water that has become low temperature due to the endothermic reaction of the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' is used for cooling and cooling.
What can be used in the heat exchanger 19 of the refrigeration system is a portion lower than the temperature Ty of the low heat source 17 in the D and H steps. (Problem to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, as a conventional reaction tank, A sensible heat utilization type heat exchanger is used, for example a shell and tube type heat exchanger as shown in FIG. The heat medium enters from the inlet 103 and passes through the tube 102, during which it exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage alloy part built in the shell 101, and is discharged from the outlet 104, and the heat exchanger operates using sensible heat. . In addition,
105 is a hydrogen inlet/outlet. This causes the following problems.

(1) Since it uses sensible heat, there is a limit to the improvement of the heat transfer coefficient on the heat medium side, and there is a limit to the amount of heat exchange between the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium.

(2) Therefore, the cycle time becomes longer and the amount of cooling/freezing heat supplied to the heat load per unit time is small.

(3) Since the coefficient of performance (amount of heat taken by the heat medium from the cooling/refrigeration equipment/amount of heat given to the hydrogen storage alloy) is relatively small, the amount of heat taken from the heat medium of the heat exchanger of the cooling/refrigeration equipment is secured. This requires a large amount of hydrogen storage alloy,
The manufacturing cost of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment will increase.

(Means for Solving the Problems) A heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration device using a hydrogen storage alloy according to the present invention is configured as follows.

The low-temperature side reaction tank is provided with an alloy filling chamber filled with a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy and a heat medium chamber separated from the alloy filling chamber, and the heat medium chamber is connected to a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve. A heat pipe is placed between the alloy filling chamber and the heating medium chamber, and the high temperature side reaction tank is divided into the alloy filling chamber filled with the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy and the alloy filling chamber. A medium chamber is provided, the heat medium chamber is interposed in a heat medium circulation path connected to a high heat source and a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve, and a heat pipe is provided between the alloy filling chamber and the heat medium chamber. The two alloy filling chambers are connected by a hydrogen flow passage, and the heat medium chamber of the low temperature side reaction tank is connected to the heat exchanger of the air conditioner or refrigeration system through a heat medium circulation path equipped with a nozzle and a pump. This is a heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration system that uses a hydrogen storage alloy and is connected to a hydrogen storage alloy.

Furthermore, using solar heat as a high heat source of the device, a storage tank for a heat medium is provided as the high heat source, and the storage tank is connected to a solar heat collector through a heat medium circulation path,
Temperature sensors are provided near the outlet of the solar heat collector and in the storage tank, and electric signal values from both temperature sensors are compared to control the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path and to control the heat medium in the storage tank. An auxiliary heat source for heating is provided.

(Function) The heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration device using the hydrogen storage alloy according to the present invention functions as follows.The high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy in the high temperature side reaction tank is made to sufficiently absorb hydrogen,
A heat medium is sent from a high heat source to the heat medium chamber of the high temperature side reaction tank, heats the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy through a heat pipe to release hydrogen, and the gaseous hydrogen is transferred to the low temperature side reaction tank through the hydrogen flow path. The reaction heat generated by the hydrogen storage alloy on the low temperature side when absorbing hydrogen is absorbed by a heat pipe that is sent to the alloy filling chamber and cooled by a low heat source, thereby causing the hydrogen storage alloy on the low temperature side to sufficiently absorb hydrogen.

Next, the heat medium chamber of the high temperature side reaction tank is connected to a low heat source, the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy is cooled with a heat pipe, and the hydrogen released by the low temperature side hydrogen storage alloy is absorbed by the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy. The endothermic reaction caused by hydrogen release from the low-temperature hydrogen storage alloy is used to cool the heat medium in the heat exchanger of the cooling/refrigeration system.

In this way, hydrogen is alternately transferred between the high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy and the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy, and the endothermic reaction associated with hydrogen release from the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy is continued, and the cooling/refrigeration equipment is Cools the heat medium of the heat exchanger.

Furthermore, in the heat-not-soup type cooling and freezing equipment using hydrogen storage alloys as described above, a temperature sensor measures the temperature of the heat medium in the storage tank and the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the solar heat collector and transmits an electrical signal. If the temperature of the heat medium in the storage tank is lower than the outlet temperature of the solar collector, the heat medium is circulated, and if the temperature is opposite, the circulation is stopped. When the temperature is lower than the temperature, the heat medium is heated by the auxiliary heat source to maintain the temperature of the heat medium in the storage tank at a predetermined level, thereby functioning as a high heat source.

(Example) A first example of a heat soap type cooling/freezing device using a hydrogen storage alloy according to the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 and 2.

In Figure 1, in the IFi high temperature side reaction tank, there is a partition plate 1.
Alloy filling chamber accommodating high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M at c]a
A plurality of heat pipes each containing a working fluid that operates within a certain temperature range are partitioned into a heat medium chamber 1b and a heat medium chamber 1b. Reference numeral 2 designates a low-temperature side reaction tank, which is divided by a partition plate 2c into an alloy filling chamber 2a containing a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' and a heat medium chamber 2b. The guide tube 10' is arranged. The alloy filling chamber 1a and heat medium chamber 1b and the alloy filling chamber 2a and heat medium chamber 2b are separated by two partition plates, and the outer circumferences of both heat pipes 10° and 10' are insulated. It may be covered with wood.

4 is a high heat source, which is connected to the heat medium chamber 1b via a pump P4 and a nozzle V through a low and high temperature circuit L4;
Low and high temperature return circuit Ll with valve v6 interposed.

It consists of

7 is low heat operation, +fnzo P7 and valve v7
is connected to the heat medium chamber 2b through the low temperature outgoing circuit Lγ, and the low temperature return circuit is connected through the valve v3.
It is connected to L'. Furthermore, low heat 7 is valve v8
is connected to the heat medium chamber 1b through the low and high temperature outgoing circuit L4, and the low and high temperature return circuit L is connected through the intervening loop v4.
-9 connected to the air conditioner/refrigeration system is a heat exchanger for the cooling/refrigeration system, and a valve V of the low-temperature circulation circuit, a branch pipe on the heat medium chamber 2b side, and a pump P9 are interposed. and the low temperature return circuit L/ with intervening node loop v1.
, is connected to .

Both valves vl + v3 are connected to the three-way switching valve V13 shown by the imaginary line, both valves ■4 + ■6 are connected to the three-way switching valve V46, and both valves ■7. (2) 8 may be similarly replaced with three-way switching valves v and 8, respectively.

Next, the effect will be explained.

Now, the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side has sufficiently absorbed hydrogen and there is very little gaseous hydrogen in the alloy filling chamber la, and the hydrogen temperature T is approximately equal to the low heat source temperature Ty at a point in FIG. )
is in a state of Here, both Nororupu v.

Open V6, close the other nozzles, and turn off pump P4.
to drive the secondary high temperature forwarding circuit L4. When a high temperature heat medium is circulated through the heat medium chamber 1b and the low/high temperature return circuit L'4, the heat medium chamber 1b side of the heat pipe 10 becomes an evaporation section and the working fluid is vaporized, and the alloy filling chamber 1a side becomes a condensation section. On the left, the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side is heated to release hydrogen, and both the hydrogen pressure P and the hydrogen temperature T rise and reach the point (time) through the B process. 3 and reaches the low-temperature side reaction tank 2, where the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' begins to absorb hydrogen. l + vll open, and both nodes V3. V is opened, the other valves are closed, the low heat source 7 is connected to the heat medium chamber 2b, and the pump P is driven. The reaction heat of the hydrogen storage alloy M' on the low temperature side, which has started absorbing hydrogen at almost equilibrium pressure, is transferred to the heat medium chamber 2b with the working fluid, since the alloy filling chamber 2a side of the 2-heat piezo 10' is the evaporation section. The hydrogen storage alloy M' on the low temperature side continues to absorb hydrogen as it is carried away and the heat is taken away by the heat medium, and after the C process (regeneration process) f, the hydrogen temperature T is almost equal to the low heat source temperature TM. Reach point e. Here, each valve v3. V6. ■3. Close the V valve and close each valve ■1. ■2. ■4. ■8 is opened, the low heat source 7 is connected to the heat medium chamber 1b, the pump P is driven, the heat medium chamber Jb side of the heat pipe 10 is closed as a condensing part, the high temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M is cooled, and the low temperature side Hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy M/ is absorbed into the hydrogen storage alloy M on the high temperature side. In this manner, the heat medium chamber 2b is cooled by using the alloy-filled chamber side 2a of the heat pipe 10' as a condensing part by an endothermic reaction accompanying hydrogen release from the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M'. When the hydrogen temperature T reaches a predetermined temperature of the heat medium of the cooling/refrigeration system, the pump P is driven to send the low temperature heat medium to the heat exchanger 9 of the cooling/freezing system for cooling or freezing. Use it for. In this way, it reaches point ) through process D.

Furthermore, each valve "! t v2 + v,
Iv remains open, the other valves are closed, and the heat medium chamber 1b of the high temperature side reaction tank is cooled with the heat medium of the low heat source 7, and the heat medium chamber 1b side of the heat pipe 10 is used as a condensing part to cool the high temperature side. The heat generated by the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy M is taken away, and the heat medium is cooled by an endothermic reaction caused by hydrogen release from the hydrogen storage alloy M' on the low temperature side. It is sent to the heat exchanger 9 of the refrigeration system.

In this way, the gaseous hydrogen released from the low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M' is absorbed by the high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy M through the hydrogen flow path 3 at approximately equilibrium pressure, and through the process, the hydrogen temperature T becomes almost the low heat source temperature. A photon cycle is reached at a point (a) equal to TM.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a latent heat utilization type reaction tank used as the high/low temperature side reaction tank 1°2 in the present invention. 51 is the body of the reaction tank, and a partition plate 52 contains hydrogen storage alloy M. The alloy filling chamber 51a and the heat medium chamber 51 that accommodate the
It is divided into sections b and has a built-in heat pipe 50. 53
54 is an inlet for a heat medium from the outside, 54 is an outlet thereof, and 55 is an inlet and an inlet for hydrogen.

Next, a second embodiment will be described based on FIG. 3. This is the case in which solar heat is mainly used as the heat source 4 in the first embodiment. The same reference numerals as in the first embodiment indicate the same parts, and the explanation will be omitted.

4' is a storage tank containing a heat medium, for example hot water, and corresponds to the high heat source 4 of the first embodiment.

4'a is a solar heat collector, and the outgoing circuit L4'a and return circuit L/4/2 are interposed with pump P4'af.
The storage tank 4' is connected to the storage tank 4' so that the heat medium in the storage tank 4' can be circulated and heated. 4'c
is a temperature sensor of the heat medium in the storage tank 4,
4'd is a temperature sensor of the heat medium at the outlet of the solar collector 4'a. (e is a comparator, temperature sensor 4'
By comparing the electric signal of e and the electric signal from temperature sensor 4'd, the value of the temperature θT of the heat medium in the storage tank 4' becomes the value of the temperature θC of the heat medium at the outlet of the solar collector 4'a. If it is larger, a signal to stop the drive of the pump P4Ia is sent to the power supply control section of the pump P4ta, and in the opposite case, a signal to drive the pump p4ta is sent to control the drive of the pump Pa'a';:'. In addition, pump p4ta
In place of the drive control of the forward circuit L4ta? pump P4t
A short circuit for the heat medium is provided between the exit side of a and the return circuit Lj41a, and the short circuit and both circuits L4tB and L'4'a
It is also possible to connect the two valves with a three-way switching valve to control the opening and closing of both valves.

4'b is an auxiliary heat source such as an electric heater or a waste heat source, and is connected to a heating circuit L41b that heats the heat medium in the storage tank 4' through a power source Pa1bf.

Note that the auxiliary heat source 4'b') can also be used as a boiler to directly heat the heat medium. 4'f is a temperature relay, and when the temperature θT of the heat medium in the storage tank 4' falls below a predetermined temperature, the pump Pa'b'E is driven by an electric signal from the temperature sensor 4'c. In addition, instead of controlling the drive of the pump P4/b, a short circuit and a three-way switching valve are provided in the heating circuit L4g, and the pump p4tb is constantly driven, and the opening and closing of the three-way switching valve is controlled by an electric signal from the temperature sensor 4'c. It can also be controlled.

Therefore, the temperature θT of the heat medium in the storage tank 4' is maintained at a predetermined temperature by heating the solar collector 4''a or the auxiliary heat source 4'b, and is implemented as an alternative to the high heat #t4 in the first embodiment. It is offered to

In addition, multiple units of this device can be arranged in parallel to create a single cooling system.
It can also be used to supply heat medium to the heat exchanger of refrigeration equipment.
A low-temperature heat medium obtained by one device may be used by arranging it in series to serve as a low heat source for another device.

(Effects of the Invention) As understood from the above explanation, the present invention has the following effects.

(1) Since heat exchange between the reaction heat of the hydrogen storage alloy in the reaction tank and the heat medium is performed by utilizing latent heat using a heat pipe, the amount of heat exchange can be greatly increased compared to conventional head heat utilization.

(2) The cycle time is shortened, and the amount of heat per unit time extracted from the heat medium of the heat exchanger of the cooling/freezing device can be greatly increased.

(3) The coefficient of performance becomes large, the amount of hydrogen storage alloy required to obtain a predetermined amount of cooling/freezing heat is reduced, and the cost of the alloy can be reduced.

(4) By using solar heat, electricity costs or fuel costs for high heat sources can be saved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the equipment layout of a first embodiment of a heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration system using a hydrogen storage alloy according to the present invention, and Figure 2 is a part of a reaction tank used in the system. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the equipment arrangement of a second embodiment of the heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration device using the hydrogen storage alloy according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the conventional hydrogen storage alloy. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional reaction tank, and Fig. 6 shows the pressure of the heat pump due to limescale absorption and release from the hydrogen storage alloy. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the one-hour temperature characteristic of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat exchange means of the low-temperature side reaction tank. 1: High temperature side reaction tank, 1a: Alloy filling chamber, 1b: Heat medium chamber, IC: Partition plate, 2: Low temperature side reaction tank, 2a: Alloy filling chamber, 2b: Heat medium chamber, 2C: Partition plate, 3: Hydrogen flow path, 4
: High heat source, 4'=Storage tank (corresponding to high heat source), 4'a: Solar heat collector, 4'b: Auxiliary heat source,
4'c, 4'd: temperature sensor, 4'e: comparator,
4'f: Temperature relay, 7: Low heat source, 9: Heat exchanger for cooling/refrigeration equipment, 10.10': Heat pipe, M: High temperature side hydrogen storage alloy, M': Low temperature side hydrogen storage alloy, L4: Low and high temperature circuit (heat medium circulation path), L'4: Low capacity 1 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Time stroke

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) The low-temperature side reaction tank is provided with an alloy filling chamber filled with a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy and a heat medium chamber separated from the alloy filling chamber, and the heat medium chamber is connected to a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve. A heat pipe is interposed in the heat medium circulation path and between the alloy filling chamber and the heat medium chamber, and the heat pipe is placed in the high temperature side reaction tank.
An alloy filling chamber filled with a hydrogen storage alloy on the high temperature side and a heating medium chamber separated from the alloy filling chamber are provided, and the heating medium chamber is connected to a high heat source and a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve. and a heat pipe is arranged between the alloy filling chamber and the heating medium chamber, the two alloy filling chambers are connected by a hydrogen flow passage, and the heating medium chamber of the low temperature side reaction tank is connected to a valve and a pump. A heat pipe type cooling/freezing device using a hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that it is connected to a heat exchanger of a cooling device or a refrigeration device through a heat medium circulation path provided therein. (2) The low-temperature side reaction tank is provided with an alloy filling chamber filled with a low-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy and a heat medium chamber separated from the alloy filling chamber, and the heat medium chamber is connected to a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve. A heat pipe is interposed in the heat medium circulation path and between the alloy filling chamber and the heat medium chamber, and the heat pipe is placed in the high temperature side reaction tank.
An alloy filling chamber filled with a hydrogen storage alloy on the high temperature side and a heating medium chamber separated from the alloy filling chamber are provided, and the heating medium chamber is connected to a high heat source and a low heat source by providing a pump and a valve. and a heat pipe is arranged between the alloy filling chamber and the heating medium chamber, the two alloy filling chambers are connected by a hydrogen flow passage, and the heating medium chamber of the low temperature side reaction tank is connected to a valve and a pump. In a heat pipe type cooling/refrigeration system using a hydrogen storage alloy connected to a heat exchanger of an air conditioner or refrigeration system through a heat medium circulation path provided, a heat medium storage tank is provided as a high heat source, and the storage tank is It is connected to the solar heat collector through a heat medium circulation path, and temperature sensors are installed near the outlet of the solar heat collector and in the storage tank, and the electric signal values from both temperature sensors are compared to determine the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path. A heat pipe type cooling/freezing device using a hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that it controls the flow rate and is provided with an auxiliary heat source that heats the heat medium in the storage tank.